“咸(xian)豐”是清文宗的年(nian)號，咸(xian)豐年(nian)間正值太平天國革命運動的高潮時期。此時民怨沸(fei)騰，清政(zheng)府為了茍延殘喘，在錢幣鑄行上大(da)做文章，將財政(zheng)危(wei)機轉嫁(jia)到老百姓身上。相繼推出“咸(xian)豐通寶(bao)”、“咸(xian)豐重(zhong)寶(bao)”、“咸(xian)豐元寶(bao)”種類繁多的錢幣。
咸(xian)(xian)豐(feng)元年(nian)(nian)首先準備開鑄(zhu)“咸(xian)(xian)豐(feng)通寶(bao)”制(zhi)(zhi)錢。由于(yu)鴉片戰爭、列強的掠奪和太平天國革命運動(dong)的發生，錢局鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)制(zhi)(zhi)錢已很難正常(chang)進行(xing)，很多(duo)省錢局實(shi)際上處于(yu)停頓狀態，即使開鑄(zhu)，也(ye)是偷(tou)工減料。因而造(zao)(zao)成咸(xian)(xian)豐(feng)通寶(bao)制(zhi)(zhi)錢精好(hao)者少(shao)，而粗制(zhi)(zhi)濫造(zao)(zao)的多(duo)，大都質劣而輕(qing)小，或造(zao)(zao)成鐵錢、鉛錢代替(ti)銅錢。咸(xian)(xian)豐(feng)元年(nian)(nian)時，規定錢重一錢二(er)分，至第二(er)年(nian)(nian)，變為一錢，但具體鑄(zhu)行(xing)大多(duo)輕(qing)于(yu)規定重量(liang)。
面文“咸豐通寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”，大多楷書直(zhi)讀(du)，背左滿文“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”，右(you)滿文記(ji)局，計(ji)有：“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)泉、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)源、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)直(zhi)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)薊(ji)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)德、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)河(he)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)濟、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)晉、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)陜、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)蘇(su)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)浙局、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)昌(chang)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)福、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)臺、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)武、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)南、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)廣、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)桂、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)川、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)云、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)東、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)州、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)黔、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)伊、阿克蘇(su)、喀什噶爾、葉(xie)兒羌(qiang)、庫車”共29局。
在(zai)太平軍(jun)連(lian)捷(jie)，各(ge)地反清(qing)起義(yi)風起云涌下(xia)，清(qing)軍(jun)疲(pi)于奔(ben)命，清(qing)廷驚慌失措。這時，清(qing)朝的(de)軍(jun)費開支大(da)(da)(da)增，而稅額收入(ru)大(da)(da)(da)減(jian)，再加上(shang)鴉片戰爭的(de)影響，導致財政(zheng)拮據，為(wei)了籌款繼(ji)續鎮(zhen)壓太平軍(jun)，緩解財政(zheng)危機(ji)，于咸豐三(san)年(nian)（公元1853年(nian)）清(qing)廷被迫(po)(po)鼓鑄(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。《大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)圖錄》說：“咸豐三(san)年(nian)（公元1853年(nian)），軍(jun)務日滋，清(qing)餉不能(neng)繼(ji)，壽陽相國(guo)權戶部議，請鑄(zhu)(zhu)當十(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，兼增鐵冶以供(gong)度支。旋推及(ji)當五(wu)十(shi)(shi)，當百錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。巡防王大(da)(da)(da)臣續請鑄(zhu)(zhu)當五(wu)百，當千兩種。”說明(ming)咸豐大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)是在(zai)迫(po)(po)不行(xing)已的(de)情況下(xia)鑄(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)的(de)。“咸豐重(zhong)(zhong)寶”始鑄(zhu)(zhu)當十(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，繼(ji)而又開鑄(zhu)(zhu)當五(wu)十(shi)(shi)、當百和(he)當百以上(shang)，并(bing)令全國(guo)各(ge)省迅速鑄(zhu)(zhu)造推行(xing)。“咸豐重(zhong)(zhong)寶”鑄(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)情況十(shi)(shi)分混(hun)亂復雜，當值等次，大(da)(da)(da)小輕重(zhong)(zhong)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)造材質(zhi)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)造工藝，文字書體，錢(qian)(qian)(qian)文等，在(zai)各(ge)局甚至在(zai)同一局監內鑄(zhu)(zhu)造時，都差異很大(da)(da)(da)，以至有(you)當值大(da)(da)(da)小和(he)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)體大(da)(da)(da)小輕重(zhong)(zhong)倒(dao)置的(de)，此外還有(you)鐵錢(qian)(qian)(qian)和(he)鉛錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。
咸(xian)豐(feng)通寶(bao)(bao)以小平(ping)(ping)(ping)錢(qian)(qian)為主，也有大錢(qian)(qian)，這里之(zhi)列部分少見(jian)、稀見(jian)者(zhe)及其(qi)(qi)收(shou)藏價(jia)值，寶(bao)(bao)泉小平(ping)(ping)(ping)母(mu)錢(qian)(qian)，市(shi)場價(jia)格(ge)(ge)在(zai)(zai)3000元(yuan)(yuan)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)，戴書、楷書鐵母(mu)，價(jia)格(ge)(ge)在(zai)(zai)1萬元(yuan)(yuan)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)，寶(bao)(bao)源小平(ping)(ping)(ping)母(mu)錢(qian)(qian)、鐵母(mu)，市(shi)場價(jia)格(ge)(ge)在(zai)(zai)3000元(yuan)(yuan)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)，雕母(mu)罕見(jian)，地(di)方(fang)局(ju)母(mu)錢(qian)(qian)價(jia)值一般高于中央局(ju)，另(ling)有地(di)方(fang)局(ju)部頒樣錢(qian)(qian)，價(jia)格(ge)(ge)在(zai)(zai)6000元(yuan)(yuan)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)，寶(bao)(bao)福局(ju)當(dang)十至當(dang)百(bai)仍(reng)(reng)有稱通寶(bao)(bao)者(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)中最珍稀的為咸(xian)豐(feng)通寶(bao)(bao)背大清壹百(bai)大錢(qian)(qian)，僅見(jian)，2009年(nian)嘉德秋拍成(cheng)交價(jia)格(ge)(ge)196萬元(yuan)(yuan)，至今(jin)仍(reng)(reng)為清錢(qian)(qian)最高成(cheng)交記錄，寶(bao)(bao)濟(ji)局(ju)小平(ping)(ping)(ping)稀見(jian)，價(jia)格(ge)(ge)在(zai)(zai)6000元(yuan)(yuan)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)，寶(bao)(bao)薊(ji)局(ju)小平(ping)(ping)(ping)罕見(jian)。
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