“咸(xian)豐(feng)(feng)”是清(qing)文宗的年(nian)號，咸(xian)豐(feng)(feng)年(nian)間正值太平天國革(ge)命運動的高(gao)潮時(shi)期。此時(shi)民(min)怨(yuan)沸騰，清(qing)政府為了茍(gou)延殘喘，在錢幣(bi)鑄行上(shang)大(da)做文章，將(jiang)財政危機轉嫁到(dao)老百姓身(shen)上(shang)。相繼推出“咸(xian)豐(feng)(feng)通(tong)寶(bao)”、“咸(xian)豐(feng)(feng)重寶(bao)”、“咸(xian)豐(feng)(feng)元寶(bao)”種類繁多(duo)的錢幣(bi)。
咸(xian)豐(feng)元年首先準備(bei)開鑄“咸(xian)豐(feng)通(tong)寶(bao)”制(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)。由于鴉片戰爭、列強(qiang)的掠奪和太平天(tian)國革命(ming)運動的發(fa)生，錢(qian)(qian)局(ju)鑄造(zao)制(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)已(yi)很難(nan)正(zheng)常進行(xing)，很多省(sheng)錢(qian)(qian)局(ju)實際上處于停頓狀態，即使(shi)開鑄，也(ye)是(shi)偷工(gong)減料。因而造(zao)成咸(xian)豐(feng)通(tong)寶(bao)制(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)精好者少，而粗制(zhi)濫造(zao)的多，大都質劣而輕小(xiao)，或造(zao)成鐵錢(qian)(qian)、鉛錢(qian)(qian)代(dai)替銅錢(qian)(qian)。咸(xian)豐(feng)元年時，規(gui)定錢(qian)(qian)重一錢(qian)(qian)二分，至第二年，變為一錢(qian)(qian)，但具(ju)體(ti)鑄行(xing)大多輕于規(gui)定重量(liang)。
面文“咸豐通寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”，大多楷書直讀(du)，背(bei)左滿(man)文“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”，右滿(man)文記局(ju)，計有：“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)泉、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)源、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)直、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)薊、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)德、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)河、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)濟、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)晉(jin)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)陜(shan)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)蘇(su)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)浙(zhe)局(ju)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)昌、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)福、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)臺、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)武、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)南、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)廣(guang)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)桂、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)川、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)云、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)東、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)州(zhou)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)黔、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)伊、阿克蘇(su)、喀什(shen)噶爾、葉兒(er)羌、庫車”共29局(ju)。
在(zai)太(tai)平軍(jun)(jun)連捷，各(ge)(ge)地反清(qing)(qing)(qing)起義風起云涌下，清(qing)(qing)(qing)軍(jun)(jun)疲(pi)于奔命，清(qing)(qing)(qing)廷(ting)驚慌失措。這時(shi)，清(qing)(qing)(qing)朝的軍(jun)(jun)費(fei)開支(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)增，而稅額收入大(da)(da)(da)(da)減(jian)，再加上(shang)鴉片(pian)戰爭的影響，導致財(cai)政(zheng)拮(jie)據，為了籌款繼(ji)續(xu)鎮壓太(tai)平軍(jun)(jun)，緩解(jie)財(cai)政(zheng)危機，于咸豐三(san)年(nian)(nian)（公元1853年(nian)(nian)）清(qing)(qing)(qing)廷(ting)被迫鼓(gu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)圖錄》說：“咸豐三(san)年(nian)(nian)（公元1853年(nian)(nian)），軍(jun)(jun)務日(ri)滋，清(qing)(qing)(qing)餉不能繼(ji)，壽陽相國權(quan)戶部議(yi)，請鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)十(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，兼增鐵冶以供度(du)支(zhi)。旋推(tui)及(ji)當(dang)(dang)五十(shi)，當(dang)(dang)百(bai)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。巡(xun)防王大(da)(da)(da)(da)臣續(xu)請鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)五百(bai)，當(dang)(dang)千兩種。”說明咸豐大(da)(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)是在(zai)迫不行(xing)(xing)已的情(qing)況下鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)的。“咸豐重(zhong)寶”始鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)十(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，繼(ji)而又開鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)五十(shi)、當(dang)(dang)百(bai)和當(dang)(dang)百(bai)以上(shang)，并令(ling)全國各(ge)(ge)省迅速鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造推(tui)行(xing)(xing)。“咸豐重(zhong)寶”鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)情(qing)況十(shi)分混亂(luan)復雜(za)，當(dang)(dang)值等次，大(da)(da)(da)(da)小輕(qing)重(zhong)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造材質，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造工(gong)藝，文字書體，錢(qian)(qian)(qian)文等，在(zai)各(ge)(ge)局甚至(zhi)在(zai)同一局監內鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造時(shi)，都差異很大(da)(da)(da)(da)，以至(zhi)有當(dang)(dang)值大(da)(da)(da)(da)小和錢(qian)(qian)(qian)體大(da)(da)(da)(da)小輕(qing)重(zhong)倒置的，此外(wai)還有鐵錢(qian)(qian)(qian)和鉛(qian)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。
咸(xian)豐通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)以(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)平(ping)錢(qian)(qian)為主，也有(you)大錢(qian)(qian)，這里之列部分少見(jian)(jian)、稀見(jian)(jian)者及其收(shou)藏價(jia)(jia)(jia)值，寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)泉小(xiao)(xiao)平(ping)母(mu)錢(qian)(qian)，市場價(jia)(jia)(jia)格在(zai)3000元左(zuo)右(you)，戴書、楷書鐵(tie)母(mu)，價(jia)(jia)(jia)格在(zai)1萬元左(zuo)右(you)，寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)源(yuan)小(xiao)(xiao)平(ping)母(mu)錢(qian)(qian)、鐵(tie)母(mu)，市場價(jia)(jia)(jia)格在(zai)3000元左(zuo)右(you)，雕母(mu)罕見(jian)(jian)，地(di)方局母(mu)錢(qian)(qian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值一般高于中央(yang)局，另有(you)地(di)方局部頒樣錢(qian)(qian)，價(jia)(jia)(jia)格在(zai)6000元左(zuo)右(you)，寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)福局當(dang)(dang)十(shi)至(zhi)當(dang)(dang)百仍有(you)稱通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)者，其中最珍稀的(de)為咸(xian)豐通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)背大清壹百大錢(qian)(qian)，僅(jin)見(jian)(jian)，2009年嘉德秋(qiu)拍(pai)成(cheng)交(jiao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格196萬元，至(zhi)今(jin)仍為清錢(qian)(qian)最高成(cheng)交(jiao)記錄(lu)，寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)濟局小(xiao)(xiao)平(ping)稀見(jian)(jian)，價(jia)(jia)(jia)格在(zai)6000元左(zuo)右(you)，寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)薊局小(xiao)(xiao)平(ping)罕見(jian)(jian)。
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