宇文憲(545年(nian)(nian)—578年(nian)(nian)8月16日),字毗賀(he)突,代郡武川(chuan)(今(jin)內蒙古(gu)武川(chuan)西)人(ren),鮮(xian)卑族,北周(zhou)文帝宇文泰(tai)之子,母為(wei)宇文泰(tai)妃達步(bu)干氏。周(zhou)孝閔帝、周(zhou)明帝、周(zhou)武帝異母弟(di)。
宇文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)初(chu)封(feng)涪城(cheng)縣公(gong),后(hou)晉封(feng)安城(cheng)郡公(gong)。孝(xiao)閔帝即位(wei),授任驃騎大將軍(jun)(jun)、開府儀(yi)同三司。明(ming)帝即位(wei),授任大將軍(jun)(jun)。武成初(chu)年(nian),任益州(zhou)總管兼(jian)益、寧、巴、瀘等二十四州(zhou)諸(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)事及益州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),晉封(feng)齊(qi)(qi)國公(gong),食邑一萬戶。十六(liu)歲(sui)時,鎮(zhen)服(fu)(fu)蜀地,蜀人感(gan)激他共(gong)同立碑,稱頌(song)其功德(de)。保定年(nian)間,征召回京,任雍州(zhou)牧。其后(hou)多(duo)次擊(ji)敗(bai)北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)。建德(de)六(liu)年(nian)(577年(nian)),北(bei)周滅亡(wang)北(bei)齊(qi)(qi),宇文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)發揮了很大作用。宇文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)善計謀(mou),多(duo)策略,尤擅安撫駕馭部屬,知(zhi)人善任,沖鋒陷(xian)陣,身先士卒,部眾對(dui)他心(xin)悅誠服(fu)(fu),都(dou)愿(yuan)為(wei)他效力。建德(de)六(liu)年(nian)(577年(nian))滅亡(wang)北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)后(hou),宇文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)自感(gan)威名日大,就暗自隱退。
建德七年(578年)五(wu)月,周武帝(di)死后,即位的周宣帝(di)認為(wei)(wei)齊王(wang)宇文憲身為(wei)(wei)皇叔(shu),輩分高而名(ming)望大,對他十(shi)分忌恨,宣政(zheng)元年(578年)將其(qi)殺害,時年三十(shi)五(wu)歲(sui),謚號齊煬王(wang)。
西魏大(da)統十一年(nian)(545年(nian)),宇文(wen)(wen)憲出(chu)生(sheng),字毗賀突,代郡武川(今內蒙古武川西)人,北(bei)周文(wen)(wen)帝宇文(wen)(wen)泰第五子,北(bei)周孝閔帝宇文(wen)(wen)覺、明帝宇文(wen)(wen)毓、武帝宇文(wen)(wen)邕的(de)異母弟,母為達步干氏。
宇(yu)文憲性格通達機敏,有氣(qi)量,雖在幼(you)年,而(er)神色嚴(yan)峻。初封涪城縣公。少年時與宇(yu)文邕一起學習(xi)《詩(shi)經》、《春秋》,都能綜合要點(dian),得其旨意。
西(xi)魏恭帝(di)(di)元年(554年),晉封安城(cheng)郡公。北周孝閔帝(di)(di)宇(yu)文(wen)覺即位后,授開府儀(yi)同三司。周明帝(di)(di)宇(yu)文(wen)毓即位,授任大將(jiang)軍(jun)。武成(cheng)(559年—560年)初年,被任命為益州(zhou)總(zong)管(guan)、都督益寧巴瀘等二十(shi)四州(zhou)諸軍(jun)事、益州(zhou)刺史,晉封齊(qi)國公,食(shi)邑(yi)一萬(wan)戶(hu)。
當(dang)初,在(zai)平定蜀(shu)地之(zhi)后(hou),宇(yu)文泰認為(wei)那里形勢(shi)險(xian)要(yao),不(bu)愿讓(rang)老將去鎮守,想在(zai)兒子(zi)們中挑選(xuan)人選(xuan)。遍問宇(yu)文邕以(yi)下,誰能(neng)當(dang)此重任。大(da)(da)家還(huan)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)來得及回答,而(er)(er)宇(yu)文憲首先請命。宇(yu)文泰說:“刺史應(ying)當(dang)安撫(fu)部眾,治(zhi)(zhi)理百(bai)姓,不(bu)是你(ni)所能(neng)干的(de)。按年(nian)齡授官,應(ying)當(dang)先輪(lun)著你(ni)的(de)哥哥們。”宇(yu)文憲答道:“才能(neng)有(you)所不(bu)同(tong),而(er)(er)與年(nian)齡大(da)(da)小(xiao)無(wu)關。如果試(shi)而(er)(er)無(wu)效,甘心當(dang)面受責(ze)備。”宇(yu)文泰十分高興,但由于宇(yu)文憲年(nian)齡還(huan)小(xiao),沒(mei)(mei)有(you)派(pai)他(ta)(ta)(ta)。到這時(shi)明帝遵(zun)照(zhao)宇(yu)文泰的(de)從前意思,所以(yi)讓(rang)宇(yu)文憲前往蜀(shu)地任職。宇(yu)文憲當(dang)時(shi)十六歲,善于安撫(fu)駕馭部屬,留心治(zhi)(zhi)理之(zhi)術(shu),訴(su)訟集中在(zai)一身,而(er)(er)理政(zheng)不(bu)見疲(pi)倦。蜀(shu)人非常感激他(ta)(ta)(ta),共同(tong)立碑,稱(cheng)頌他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)功德。不(bu)久升任柱(zhu)國(guo)。
保(bao)定(ding)年間(jian)(561年—565年),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)被征召回(hui)京,任雍(yong)州牧。晉公(gong)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)護東伐北(bei)齊時,以尉遲迥為先鋒,包圍洛陽。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)與達奚(xi)武、王雄等(deng)人屯兵(bing)邙山。其(qi)他(ta)各(ge)軍分(fen)守險要。北(bei)齊兵(bing)數(shu)萬人,突然從北(bei)周軍后(hou)面(mian)殺出,各(ge)軍驚(jing)恐,紛紛潰散。只有(you)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)與王雄、達奚(xi)武率兵(bing)抵擋。王雄被齊軍殺死,三軍震恐。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)親自督(du)率激勵,軍心才安(an)定(ding)下(xia)來。當時宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)護執掌大(da)權(quan),對他(ta)十(shi)分(fen)信任,賞罰之事(shi),都得以參與。
天(tian)和三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(568年(nian)(nian)(nian)),任命宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)為大司馬,兼任小冢宰,仍擔任雍州牧(mu)。天(tian)和四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(569年(nian)(nian)(nian)),北齊(qi)將領(ling)獨孤永(yong)業(ye)前來侵犯,強盜殺(sha)死孔城防主能奔達,據城響應齊(qi)軍(jun)。詔命宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)與柱(zhu)國李(li)穆率兵從(cong)宜陽出(chu)發(fa),修筑崇(chong)德等五城,切斷齊(qi)軍(jun)運糧通道。北齊(qi)將領(ling)斛律(lv)光率軍(jun)四萬,在洛(luo)水以南筑起營壘。天(tian)和五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(570年(nian)(nian)(nian)),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)涉過洛(luo)水進攻齊(qi)軍(jun),斛律(lv)光逃(tao)走。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)追擊到安業(ye),多次交(jiao)戰后(hou)才回來。
同年,斛律光親(qin)率大軍(jun)在汾水北岸修城(cheng),向西直到龍門(men)。宇(yu)文(wen)護對宇(yu)文(wen)憲說:“盜賊(zei)遍地,軍(jun)馬縱橫(heng),使戰場之上,百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)困苦。豈(qi)能坐(zuo)視(shi)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)被大肆殺戮,而不想法解救?你說用什么計策?”宇(yu)文(wen)憲答道:“依我看,兄長應(ying)當(dang)暫且從(cong)同州(zhou)出兵,以作為威懾(she),我請求以精(jing)銳軍(jun)隊在前,根據(ju)情況進攻。不僅邊境(jing)可以安寧(ning),而且能夠另有所獲(huo)。”宇(yu)文(wen)護表示同意。
天(tian)和六年(571年),派宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)率兵(bing)二萬,從龍門出(chu)發。北齊將領(ling)新蔡(cai)王(wang)王(wang)康德由(you)于(yu)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)兵(bing)到,連夜(ye)率軍(jun)悄(qiao)(qiao)悄(qiao)(qiao)逃跑。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)于(yu)是向(xiang)西返回(hui)。又掘開(kai)汾水,使河水向(xiang)南淹沒齊軍(jun)營壘,率軍(jun)重(zhong)新進(jin)入北齊境內。齊人以為宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)難以深入,就(jiu)放松了(le)邊防戒備。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)于(yu)是渡過黃河,進(jin)攻伏龍等四城(cheng),兩天(tian)內全部占領(ling)。又攻克張壁(bi),繳獲其軍(jun)用物資,將城(cheng)壘平掉(diao)。當時(shi)(shi)斛(hu)律光在華谷,無法救援,就(jiu)向(xiang)北攻占了(le)姚(yao)襄城(cheng)。這時(shi)(shi)汾州已(yi)(yi)久被圍困,運(yun)糧通(tong)道被截斷。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)派柱(zhu)國宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文盛運(yun)粟接(jie)濟(ji)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)自(zi)己經過兩乳谷,襲擊北齊的柏社城(cheng),將其占領(ling),又向(xiang)姚(yao)襄城(cheng)推進(jin)。齊人據城(cheng)死守。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)令(ling)柱(zhu)國、譚公(gong)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文會修(xiu)建石(shi)殿城(cheng),作為汾州后援。北齊平原王(wang)段韶、蘭陵王(wang)高長恭率大軍(jun)抵達,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)命(ming)令(ling)將士結陣以待。大將軍(jun)韓歡被齊人偷襲,部屬(shu)奔逃,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)親自(zi)督戰,齊軍(jun)稍退。天(tian)色已(yi)(yi)晚,雙方各自(zi)收兵(bing)。
宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)(hu)(hu)被處(chu)死以后,周武(wu)帝(di)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)邕(yong)召宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)入(ru)朝,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)免(mian)(mian)冠請罪。周武(wu)帝(di)對(dui)他(ta)說(shuo):“天(tian)下(xia)是太祖(宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)泰)的(de)天(tian)下(xia),朕(zhen)繼(ji)守大(da)(da)(da)業,常恐丟失。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)(hu)(hu)目(mu)中無君,欺凌君上(shang),打算反(fan)叛,因此(ci)朕(zhen)將(jiang)他(ta)處(chu)死,以安定(ding)國(guo)家。你與(yu)我本(ben)是親兄弟,同甘共苦,此(ci)事與(yu)你無關,為什(shen)么(me)還要(yao)請罪?”詔命(ming)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)前(qian)往宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)(hu)(hu)宅第,收繳(jiao)兵(bing)符、文(wen)(wen)(wen)書等物。隨即任命(ming)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)為大(da)(da)(da)冢(zhong)宰。這時武(wu)帝(di)已經親理朝政(zheng),打算整頓政(zheng)治,統一刑令,即便牽涉到宗室中人,也不加以寬容。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)原來被宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)(hu)(hu)所(suo)重(zhong)用(yong),從(cong)天(tian)和年間(jian)以后,威(wei)勢(shi)漸大(da)(da)(da)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)(hu)(hu)欲有(you)所(suo)言,大(da)(da)(da)多令宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)上(shang)奏(zou)。皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)有(you)允(yun)許的(de),也有(you)不同意的(de),宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)擔心皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)同丞相之(zhi)間(jian)互相猜(cai)忌,每次都是委婉地說(shuo)清意思。武(wu)帝(di)也知(zhi)道他(ta)的(de)用(yong)心,所(suo)以得以免(mian)(mian)禍。可是仍然因為他(ta)威(wei)名太大(da)(da)(da),始終(zhong)放心不下(xia),雖然遙授冢(zhong)宰之(zhi)職,實際上(shang)奪去了他(ta)的(de)權力。
開府裴(pei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)舉(ju)(ju)是宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲的(de)侍(shi)(shi)讀,武(wu)帝(di)(di)經常駕臨內殿(dian),接見裴(pei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)舉(ju)(ju)。武(wu)帝(di)(di)對他說(shuo):“宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)護反叛的(de)跡(ji)象,朝野均知,我(wo)之(zhi)所以(yi)(yi)含淚將他處死,是為了安定國(guo)家(jia),有(you)(you)(you)利百姓。從前北魏末年動亂,太祖(zu)輔(fu)佐元氏;周朝上承天(tian)(tian)命(ming)(ming),宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)護才執(zhi)掌(zhang)大權(quan)。積久而成的(de)習慣,變成了常規,就認(ren)為政令應當(dang)(dang)這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)。難道有(you)(you)(you)三十歲的(de)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)還(huan)要被人制約嗎?況(kuang)且近代以(yi)(yi)來,還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)種弊病,曾(ceng)經暫為部屬(shu)的(de),就禮敬上級猶如君王。這(zhe)(zhe)是擾(rao)亂社會的(de)權(quan)宜之(zhi)法,不(bu)是治理國(guo)家(jia)的(de)辦法。《詩經》說(shuo):‘日夜不(bu)敢(gan)懈怠,用(yong)來服侍(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)人。’一(yi)(yi)人,只能是天(tian)(tian)子(zi)。你雖然陪侍(shi)(shi)齊公(gong)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲,但(dan)不(bu)能形同(tong)君臣。再說(shuo)太祖(zu)有(you)(you)(you)十個兒子(zi),難道都能當(dang)(dang)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)?你應當(dang)(dang)用(yong)做人的(de)正道來規勸齊公(gong),使(shi)我(wo)們君臣和睦,骨肉融洽,不(bu)要讓我(wo)們兄弟之(zhi)間互相猜(cai)疑(yi)。”裴(pei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)舉(ju)(ju)拜謝(xie)而出,回(hui)來告訴宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲手撫(fu)幾案,指著心道:“我(wo)向(xiang)來的(de)心意(yi),您難道不(bu)清楚嗎?只有(you)(you)(you)盡忠效命(ming)(ming),還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)什么(me)話(hua)說(shuo)?”
建德三(san)年(574年),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)晉爵為王。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)的朋友劉休(xiu)征(zheng)獻(xian)上《王箴(zhen)》一首,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)十(shi)分贊美。后(hou)來,劉休(xiu)征(zheng)又把《王箴(zhen)》獻(xian)給武(wu)帝(di)(di)。武(wu)帝(di)(di)正想削弱(ruo)他的幾(ji)個(ge)弟弟的勢力,很喜歡這篇(pian)箴(zhen)言。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)常(chang)常(chang)感到(dao)兵書內(nei)容(rong)繁(fan)雜(za)廣(guang)泛,難求要旨,就(jiu)自(zi)己編定(ding)為《要略》五篇(pian),上表(biao)陳述。武(wu)帝(di)(di)讀(du)后(hou)表(biao)示(shi)稱贊。當年秋天,武(wu)帝(di)(di)駕(jia)臨云陽宮,臥病在(zai)床。衛王宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)直(zhi)在(zai)京城舉兵叛亂。武(wu)帝(di)(di)召見宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian),對他說(shuo)(shuo):“衛王反(fan)叛,你(ni)知道嗎?”宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)答道:“微臣原(yuan)來不知道,如今才(cai)見到(dao)詔(zhao)書。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)直(zhi)違背天命,就(jiu)是(shi)自(zi)取滅亡。”武(wu)帝(di)(di)說(shuo)(shuo):“你(ni)即刻作(zuo)為前鋒,我(wo)也(ye)隨后(hou)出發。”字文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)直(zhi)不久敗逃。武(wu)帝(di)(di)抵達京師,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)和趙王宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)招(zhao)都入朝拜謝(xie)。武(wu)帝(di)(di)說(shuo)(shuo):“從前管叔鮮、蔡(cai)叔度被殺(sha),而周公卻輔佐周成王完(wan)成大業,人(ren)心不同,猶如人(ren)的外貌(mao)各(ge)不一樣。我(wo)只(zhi)慚愧(kui)兄(xiong)弟之間動兵,這是(shi)我(wo)的不足(zu)之處。”
當初,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)直(zhi)內(nei)心十分忌恨宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲權當不(bu)(bu)(bu)知,對他容讓。又因他是武(wu)帝同(tong)母(mu)(mu)之弟(di),更加友愛尊敬。處死宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護時,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)直(zhi)堅持請求罪(zui)及宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲。武(wu)帝說(shuo):“齊(qi)公宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲的心跡,我(wo)全(quan)都清楚,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得再(zai)(zai)有懷疑。”武(wu)帝的母(mu)(mu)親叱奴太后(hou)(hou)去(qu)世后(hou)(hou),宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)直(zhi)又秘密報告道:“宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲喝酒吃肉,與平時沒(mei)有區別(bie)。”武(wu)帝說(shuo):“我(wo)同(tong)齊(qi)王不(bu)(bu)(bu)是一母(mu)(mu)所生,都不(bu)(bu)(bu)是嫡子,他為了(le)我(wo),而特別(bie)自我(wo)約束。你應當感到慚愧,有什(shen)么理由再(zai)(zai)去(qu)議(yi)論他的對錯(cuo)?你是太后(hou)(hou)最(zui)喜歡的兒子,承蒙慈愛。如(ru)今(jin)只(zhi)須自勉(mian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)要再(zai)(zai)沒(mei)有根(gen)據(ju)地亂說(shuo)別(bie)人。”宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)直(zhi)才不(bu)(bu)(bu)再(zai)(zai)說(shuo)什(shen)么。
建德四年(nian)(nian)(575年(nian)(nian)),武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)打算東征北齊,只(zhi)同內史王誼(yi)商議(yi)此事,其他人(ren)都不知道。后來(lai)認為諸弟(di)的(de)才(cai)能謀略,沒(mei)有超(chao)過宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)的(de),才(cai)告訴他。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)當(dang)即贊同東征。大(da)(da)軍準備出(chu)(chu)發(fa)時,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)上(shang)表(biao)獻(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)自己的(de)財(cai)產(chan)以(yi)贊助軍費說:“我聽說把握機會適應氣運,理應借助時機的(de)到來(lai),兼并(bing)弱小攻(gong)擊愚(yu)昧,要憑借隨機應變的(de)謀略。希望(wang)陛下(xia)保持(chi)和振興圣(sheng)明,開(kai)創大(da)(da)業弘(hong)揚教化,順從天意,恢弘(hong)武(wu)(wu)(wu)略。才(cai)能使兇惡(e)被剪除(chu),天下(xia)大(da)(da)同,軍民人(ren)心(xin)歸(gui)附,車軌文(wen)字統一。我私下(xia)以(yi)為龍旗(qi)飄動,天網密布(bu),糧草(cao)物資,也許需要供給。從前(qian)邊(bian)境沒(mei)有平靜,卜式自愿獻(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)家中財(cai)產(chan);天下(xia)混亂,衛(wei)茲請求獻(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)自己的(de)粟米。我雖然愚(yu)笨,但(dan)怎敢忘記效仿他們。恭(gong)敬地獻(xian)(xian)上(shang)金銀(yin)財(cai)寶等十六件,稍稍資助軍需。”武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)詔命不予接(jie)受,并(bing)拿宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)作榜樣(yang),對公卿們說:“臣子應當(dang)如(ru)此,我看重他的(de)心(xin)意,難道還需要他的(de)東西嗎?”于是詔命宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)率(lv)兵二(er)萬為前(qian)軍,向黎(li)陽推進。武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)親自圍攻(gong)河陰,未能攻(gong)下(xia)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)攻(gong)占武(wu)(wu)(wu)濟,進兵包圍洛(luo)口(kou),攻(gong)下(xia)洛(luo)口(kou)東西二(er)城。因為武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)患病而撤軍返回。同年(nian)(nian),開(kai)始設置(zhi)上(shang)柱國官職(zhi),讓宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)擔(dan)任。
建德五(wu)年(576年),大(da)規模(mo)東征北(bei)齊。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)率(lv)領精銳騎(qi)兵(bing)(bing)二(er)萬(wan)人(ren),仍擔任先(xian)鋒(feng),把守雀鼠谷。武(wu)帝親自圍攻(gong)(gong)晉(jin)州。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)向前(qian)推進(jin),占領洪同、永(yong)安二(er)城,打算擴大(da)戰果(guo)。齊人(ren)燒(shao)毀橋(qiao)梁,固守險要(yao)(yao),周軍(jun)(jun)無法前(qian)進(jin),于是屯(tun)集在(zai)永(yong)安。齊后(hou)主高緯聽說晉(jin)州被(bei)圍,就率(lv)兵(bing)(bing)十萬(wan),親自來援。當(dang)時,柱國(guo)(guo)、陳王(wang)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)純駐(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)千里徑(jing),大(da)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)、永(yong)昌公宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿屯(tun)兵(bing)(bing)雞棲原(yuan),大(da)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)盛(sheng)把守汾(fen)水關,都受宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)指揮。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)悄悄對宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿說:“用兵(bing)(bing)講(jiang)究欺騙(pian),去(qu)留(liu)不定,見機而(er)行,不能死守常規。你(ni)安營(ying)時,不要(yao)(yao)支(zhi)起帳幕,可以(yi)砍伐(fa)柏(bo)樹搭成小庵,以(yi)示有(you)兵(bing)(bing)。這(zhe)樣,軍(jun)(jun)隊離開以(yi)后(hou),敵軍(jun)(jun)還會(hui)起疑。”這(zhe)時,北(bei)齊后(hou)主高緯分(fen)兵(bing)(bing)一萬(wan)進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)千里徑(jing),又命令部(bu)屬出汾(fen)水關,自己(ji)親率(lv)大(da)軍(jun)(jun)與宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿交(jiao)戰。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)盛(sheng)派(pai)騎(qi)士告急,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)自率(lv)騎(qi)兵(bing)(bing)千人(ren)援助(zhu)。齊兵(bing)(bing)遠(yuan)(yuan)遠(yuan)(yuan)看見谷中飛(fei)塵揚起,急忙(mang)相繼退去(qu)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)盛(sheng)與柱國(guo)(guo)侯莫陳芮涉過汾(fen)水追(zhui)擊,斬(zhan)殺不少齊兵(bing)(bing)。不久,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿報告齊軍(jun)(jun)漸漸逼(bi)近,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)又回兵(bing)(bing)救援。恰巧(qiao)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿被(bei)命令撤(che)軍(jun)(jun),就率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)乘(cheng)夜(ye)返回。齊人(ren)果(guo)然認(ren)為柏(bo)庵是軍(jun)(jun)隊營(ying)帳,沒有(you)懷疑周軍(jun)(jun)已退,一直到第(di)二(er)天才(cai)明白上了當(dang)。
當(dang)時武帝(di)已經離開晉州(zhou),留(liu)下宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)為后衛。高緯親自率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)來追,抵達高梁橋。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)率(lv)領精銳騎(qi)兵二(er)千人(ren),隔河布成陣勢(shi)。北齊(qi)領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)一(yi)(yi)直進到(dao)橋頭。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)隔河招呼段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang),同他交談。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)問段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)道:“你叫什么名(ming)字?”段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)答道:“我(wo)是領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)。您(nin)是誰(shui)?”宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)回答說(shuo):“我(wo)是虞侯大都督。”段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)說(shuo):“聽您(nin)的(de)(de)言(yan)談,不是一(yi)(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)人(ren),今朝相見(jian),為什么隱瞞姓名(ming)官職(zhi)?”陳王(wang)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)純(chun)、梁國(guo)公(gong)侯莫陳芮、內史王(wang)誼等人(ren)都在(zai)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)身邊。段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)問個不停。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)才說(shuo):“我(wo)是天子的(de)(de)弟弟齊(qi)王(wang)。”又指著陳王(wang)等人(ren),把他們的(de)(de)姓名(ming)封號一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)告訴(su)段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)。段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)打馬(ma)而去,宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)立即命令撤軍(jun)(jun)(jun),不料齊(qi)人(ren)突然追來,兵勢(shi)勁銳。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)與(yu)開府宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)忻各(ge)率(lv)精選騎(qi)兵一(yi)(yi)百人(ren)殿后抵擋,斬其猛(meng)將賀蘭豹子、山(shan)褥瑰等一(yi)(yi)百余人(ren),齊(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)才退去。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)渡過汾水,在(zai)玉壁趕上武帝(di)。
武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)又命令宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)率(lv)兵(bing)六萬(wan)(wan),回(hui)援晉(jin)(jin)(jin)州(zhou)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)推進,在涑水(shui)扎營(ying)。高緯圍(wei)攻晉(jin)(jin)(jin)州(zhou),日(ri)夜(ye)不停。回(hui)來的(de)間諜,有的(de)說(shuo)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)州(zhou)已經陷落(luo)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)派遣柱國(guo)越王(wang)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)盛、大(da)將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)尉遲迥、開府(fu)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)神(shen)舉等率(lv)領(ling)輕裝騎(qi)兵(bing)一(yi)萬(wan)(wan)人,連夜(ye)趕到(dao)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)州(zhou)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)進兵(bing)據守蒙坑,作為(wei)后援,得(de)知晉(jin)(jin)(jin)州(zhou)沒(mei)有陷落(luo),就(jiu)又回(hui)到(dao)涑水(shui)。武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)隨即(ji)東(dong)去,駐軍(jun)(jun)(jun)高顯,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)率(lv)領(ling)部屬,先向(xiang)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)州(zhou)推進。次(ci)日(ri),諸軍(jun)(jun)(jun)會合,漸(jian)逼城下(xia)。齊人也(ye)出動大(da)軍(jun)(jun)(jun),在周軍(jun)(jun)(jun)營(ying)地以南布成(cheng)(cheng)陣勢(shi)。武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)召宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)騎(qi)馬(ma)前往察看(kan)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)回(hui)來報告說(shuo):“這個好對(dui)付,請打敗(bai)敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)后再吃飯(fan)。”武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)高興地說(shuo):“如果像你說(shuo)的(de)那樣(yang)(yang),我就(jiu)沒(mei)有憂慮了(le)。”宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)退下(xia)后,內史柳虬悄悄對(dui)他說(shuo):“敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)并不少,大(da)王(wang)怎(zen)么能輕視他們?”宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)說(shuo):“我被(bei)委任為(wei)前鋒,為(wei)國(guo)為(wei)家,掃蕩(dang)這些殘敵(di),猶(you)如摧枯(ku)拉朽。商朝(chao)、周朝(chao)的(de)事(shi),您(nin)是知道的(de),賊(zei)兵(bing)雖(sui)多,能把我怎(zen)么樣(yang)(yang)?”不久,各軍(jun)(jun)(jun)一(yi)塊(kuai)進擊,齊軍(jun)(jun)(jun)立即(ji)潰不成(cheng)(cheng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。當夜(ye),高緯逃走,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)率(lv)輕裝騎(qi)兵(bing)追擊。追到(dao)永(yong)安時,武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)也(ye)隨后趕到(dao)。齊人收集(ji)殘兵(bing),又據守高壁、洛(luo)(luo)女寨。武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)命令宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)進攻洛(luo)(luo)女寨,將其占領(ling)。次(ci)日(ri),在介休(xiu)與大(da)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)會師。
當時高(gao)(gao)緯已敗走(zou)(zou)鄴城,留其堂兄(xiong)安德王高(gao)(gao)延(yan)宗(zong)據守并州。高(gao)(gao)延(yan)宗(zong)趁機自立(li)為帝(di)(di),出兵抗拒。武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)進(jin)兵包圍(wei)并州,宇文(wen)憲(xian)進(jin)攻(gong)城西。武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)城中遇伏,鏖戰(zhan)至(zhi)深夜(ye)僅(jin)以(yi)身(shen)免。逃(tao)出城后,疲累的武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)欲撤兵,宇文(wen)憲(xian)與(yu)王誼力勸方免。次(ci)日再戰(zhan),高(gao)(gao)延(yan)宗(zong)逃(tao)走(zou)(zou),被追上活捉。由于戰(zhan)功,晉封(feng)第二子安城公宇文(wen)質為河間王,任(ren)命第三子宇文(wen)賨為大將(jiang)軍。仍然詔命宇文(wen)憲(xian)先行進(jin)兵鄴城。次(ci)年(577年),攻(gong)占鄴城。
北齊任城王高(gao)湝、廣寧王高(gao)孝珩等(deng)人據守(shou)信都,擁兵(bing)數(shu)萬(wan)。武(wu)帝又詔命宇文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)討伐。令高(gao)緯(wei)親自(zi)寫(xie)信給(gei)高(gao)湝說(shuo):“朝(chao)廷待我寬厚,諸王都好。叔父如(ru)果放下武(wu)器,則一(yi)定(ding)都會(hui)受到優(you)待。”高(gao)湝拒(ju)不(bu)收信,反而大(da)肆召募賞賜(si),多(duo)給(gei)金帛,和尚(shang)要(yao)求(qiu)當(dang)兵(bing)的(de),就(jiu)有(you)數(shu)千人。宇文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)率(lv)軍經(jing)過(guo)趙州(zhou)時,高(gao)湝派兩(liang)名(ming)間諜(die)(die)前去偵察,被巡邏(luo)騎兵(bing)捉(zhuo)住,報告宇文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)。宇文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)就(jiu)把北齊的(de)舊將都召集在一(yi)起,讓這兩(liang)名(ming)間諜(die)(die)一(yi)一(yi)看過(guo)。宇文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)對這兩(liang)名(ming)間諜(die)(die)說(shuo):“我要(yao)爭的(de)是大(da)事,不(bu)在你們。放你們回去,可以當(dang)我的(de)使者。”于(yu)是寫(xie)信給(gei)高(gao)湝,敦促(cu)他(ta)投降。
宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)到信(xin)都,高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)在城南布下陣地,宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)登上張(zhang)耳墳遠遠觀察。不(bu)一會兒,高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)領軍尉(wei)相(xiang)愿假(jia)裝出(chu)來巡視陣勢(shi),率領部屬投降。尉(wei)相(xiang)愿是高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)親(qin)信(xin),眾人(ren)驚恐。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)大怒,殺(sha)死尉(wei)相(xiang)愿的(de)(de)(de)妻子(zi)和孩子(zi)。次日(ri)再戰,周(zhou)軍大勝,俘虜、斬殺(sha)共三萬人(ren),活捉高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)孝(xiao)珩等人(ren)。宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)對高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)說:“任城王何(he)苦如此?”高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)答道(dao):“我是神武帝的(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi),兄弟十五人(ren),只有(you)我還(huan)僥幸活著。時逢(feng)國家敗滅,即(ji)使雖死,也無愧祖(zu)先。”宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)贊賞高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)氣節,命令釋(shi)放(fang)他的(de)(de)(de)妻子(zi)和孩子(zi),多(duo)給錢財。又審問(wen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)孝(xiao)珩。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)孝(xiao)珩陳述北齊危(wei)難,邊說邊哭,舉止(zhi)不(bu)失風度,宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)也為之感動。
宇文憲素來善于(yu)計謀,多有策略(lve),尤其(qi)擅長(chang)安撫駕馭部屬,知人善任(ren),沖(chong)鋒陷(xian)陣(zhen),身(shen)先(xian)士卒(zu),部眾感(gan)動,心悅(yue)誠服,都為他(ta)效力。齊人早就聽(ting)說(shuo)他(ta)的(de)威名聲望(wang),都害(hai)怕他(ta)的(de)勇敢謀略(lve)。并州大(da)捷(jie)之后(hou),在(zai)齊境長(chang)驅直入,不侵擾百(bai)姓,將(jiang)士沒有私(si)蓄。
當初,稽(ji)胡人(ren)劉沒鐸自稱皇帝(di),又(you)詔命宇文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)督率趙王宇文(wen)招等人(ren)將其(qi)討平。宇文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)自感威名(ming)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)大,暗自考慮(lv)隱退。武帝(di)準備親征北部蠻族時,就以有病推辭(ci)。武帝(di)變色道:“你(ni)若害(hai)怕(pa)遠(yuan)征,讓(rang)我用誰?”宇文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)害(hai)怕(pa),答道:“微(wei)臣侍奉(feng)陛下,實在是(shi)誠心誠意(yi),只是(shi)身患疾病,無法領兵。”武帝(di)答應了(le)他的請求。
建德(de)七年(578年),北(bei)周武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)駕崩,北(bei)周宣(xuan)(xuan)帝(di)(di)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)赟(yun)即位(wei)。北(bei)宣(xuan)(xuan)帝(di)(di)認為(wei)(wei)叔(shu)(shu)父宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲輩分高(gao)而(er)名望(wang)大,擔心成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)第二個宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)護,對他十(shi)(shi)分忌恨(hen)害怕(pa)。當時武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)尚(shang)未安葬(zang),諸(zhu)王(wang)在(zai)朝(chao)內守靈(ling)。司衛長孫(sun)覽總管軍(jun)隊,輔佐朝(chao)政,擔心諸(zhu)王(wang)有叛變(bian)意圖,經上奏,命令(ling)(ling)開府于(yu)智偵伺(si)諸(zhu)王(wang)動(dong)靜。安葬(zang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)后(hou),諸(zhu)王(wang)各回府第。宣(xuan)(xuan)帝(di)(di)又命令(ling)(ling)于(yu)智到(dao)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲宅第等候(hou)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲,趁(chen)機告發他另有圖謀。宣(xuan)(xuan)帝(di)(di)于(yu)是(shi)派小冢宰宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)孝伯對宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲說:“三公之位(wei),應當歸(gui)于(yu)親屬中(zhong)賢能之人,如(ru)今打算任(ren)命叔(shu)(shu)父為(wei)(wei)太師(shi)(shi),九(jiu)叔(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)太傅,十(shi)(shi)一叔(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)太保,叔(shu)(shu)父認為(wei)(wei)怎(zen)樣(yang)?”宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲答(da)道:“微臣(chen)才能低下(xia),而(er)地位(wei)很高(gao),常引以為(wei)(wei)懼(ju)。三師(shi)(shi)的重任(ren),不是(shi)我(wo)所敢于(yu)承當的,太祖(zu)時的功臣(chen)應當擔當此任(ren)。如(ru)果只用我(wo)們兄弟(di),恐怕(pa)會招致議論。”宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)孝伯回去報告,隨即又趕來,說:“詔命大王(wang)今晚和(he)諸(zhu)王(wang)一塊到(dao)殿門。”
宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)一個人被領(ling)進宮殿(dian),宣(xuan)帝(di)預先在另一間屋里(li)埋伏下壯士(shi),宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)一到,立即(ji)被抓住。宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)神色(se)不屈,陳說道(dao)理(li)。周宣(xuan)帝(di)讓于(yu)智(zhi)與(yu)(yu)宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)對(dui)質(zhi)。宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)目光灼(zhuo)灼(zhuo),與(yu)(yu)于(yu)智(zhi)相互對(dui)證(zheng)。有人對(dui)宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)說:“以大王(wang)今天的形(xing)勢(shi),還用多(duo)說?”宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)答(da)道(dao):“我位重輩(bei)高,一旦到這(zhe)種(zhong)地步,生(sheng)死聽任天命,難道(dao)還想活著?只是因為老母還在,恐怕留下遺憾罷了。”就把手板(ban)扔到地上。于(yu)是周宣(xuan)帝(di)派人把宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)勒死,時年三十五歲。
之后(hou),北周宣帝任命(ming)于智為柱國,封齊國公。宣帝處死宇文(wen)憲以后(hou),找不出(chu)罪名,就借口上大(da)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)安邑公王興(xing)等(deng)(deng)人與宇文(wen)憲共謀,將(jiang)(jiang)其處死。此外,上開(kai)府(fu)獨孤熊、開(kai)府(fu)豆盧紹等(deng)(deng)人也(ye)被處死。當時(shi)的人知道王興(xing)等(deng)(deng)人冤(yuan)枉,都說他(ta)們(men)是陪伴(ban)宇文(wen)憲死的。
唐(tang)朝建中(zhong)三年(nian)(782年(nian)),禮儀(yi)使(shi)顏真卿向唐(tang)德宗建議,追封(feng)古代名將六十四人(ren),并為他們設廟享(xiang)奠(dian),包括“周大冢宰齊王宇文(wen)憲(xian)”。
北(bei)宋宣和五年(1123年),宋朝依(yi)照唐代慣例(li),為古代名(ming)將(jiang)設廟,七(qi)十(shi)二位名(ming)將(jiang)中(zhong)亦(yi)包括宇(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)。在北(bei)宋年間成書的《十(shi)七(qi)史百將(jiang)傳》中(zhong),宇(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)亦(yi)位列其中(zhong)。
宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲是北(bei)(bei)(bei)周重要將領,一生中參與(yu)多次對北(bei)(bei)(bei)齊(qi)(qi)的戰爭,隨周武(wu)(wu)帝(di)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)邕平(ping)齊(qi)(qi),立下(xia)大功(gong)。保(bao)定三年(nian)(nian)(563年(nian)(nian))宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)護東征(zheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)齊(qi)(qi)時,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲與(yu)達奚武(wu)(wu)、王雄等人屯兵(bing)(bing)邙山(shan)。其他各(ge)軍(jun)分守險要。北(bei)(bei)(bei)齊(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)數(shu)萬人,突然從北(bei)(bei)(bei)周軍(jun)后面殺出(chu),各(ge)軍(jun)驚(jing)恐,紛紛潰散。只有宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲與(yu)王雄、達奚武(wu)(wu)率(lv)兵(bing)(bing)抵擋(dang)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲親自督(du)率(lv)激勵(li),軍(jun)心才安定下(xia)來(lai)。天(tian)和四(si)年(nian)(nian)(569年(nian)(nian)),北(bei)(bei)(bei)齊(qi)(qi)將領獨孤永業攻打北(bei)(bei)(bei)周,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲與(yu)柱(zhu)國李穆(mu)率(lv)兵(bing)(bing)從宜陽出(chu)發,修(xiu)筑崇(chong)德等五(wu)城(cheng),切斷齊(qi)(qi)軍(jun)運糧通道。天(tian)和五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(570年(nian)(nian)),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲涉(she)過洛水(shui)進攻齊(qi)(qi)軍(jun),擊敗(bai)斛律光。
建(jian)(jian)德四年(575年),周武帝打算出兵(bing)(bing)(bing)消(xiao)滅北(bei)齊。命宇文憲率兵(bing)(bing)(bing)二(er)萬為前(qian)軍,向黎陽(yang)推(tui)進,攻(gong)占(zhan)武濟,進兵(bing)(bing)(bing)包圍洛(luo)(luo)口,攻(gong)下(xia)洛(luo)(luo)口東西(xi)二(er)城。建(jian)(jian)德五年(576年),北(bei)周大規模(mo)東征北(bei)齊。宇文憲率領精銳騎兵(bing)(bing)(bing)二(er)萬人,仍擔任先(xian)鋒,把守(shou)雀鼠谷。宇文憲占(zhan)領洪洞縣(xian)、永安縣(xian)。建(jian)(jian)德六年(577年),攻(gong)占(zhan)鄴城。
2020年電視劇(ju)《替嫁醫女》:張永博飾演宇文憲(xian)(劇(ju)中名為宇文昭)。
令狐德棻《周書(shu)》:①“齊王(wang)奇姿(zi)杰出,獨(du)牢籠于(yu)前載。以(yi)(yi)(yi)介弟之(zhi)地,居上將之(zhi)重,智勇冠世,攻戰如(ru)神(shen),敵(di)國(guo)系以(yi)(yi)(yi)存亡,鼎命由其輕重。比之(zhi)異姓,則方、召、韓、白,何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)加茲。挾(xie)震主(zhu)之(zhi)威,屬道消之(zhi)日,斯人而(er)嬰斯戮,君子是以(yi)(yi)(yi)知周祚之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)永也。昔(xi)張耳、陳余賓(bin)客廝役(yi),所(suo)居皆取卿相。而(er)齊之(zhi)文武僚吏,其后亦多(duo)至臺牧。異世同符,可謂賢矣。”;②“性通敏,有度量,雖在(zai)童齔(chen),而(er)神(shen)彩嶷然。”;③“善于(yu)撫(fu)綏(sui),留心(xin)政(zheng)術,辭訟輻(fu)湊(cou),聽受不(bu)(bu)疲。”;④“憲素善謀(mou),多(duo)算略,尤長于(yu)撫(fu)御,達(da)于(yu)任(ren)使,摧(cui)鋒(feng)陷陣,為士(shi)卒(zu)先。群下感(gan)悅,咸為之(zhi)用。齊人夙聞(wen)威聲,無不(bu)(bu)憚(dan)其勇略。”;⑤“憲有至性,事(shi)母以(yi)(yi)(yi)孝聞(wen)。”
李延壽《北史》:“以(yi)齊王之(zhi)(zhi)奇姿(zi)杰出(chu),足可牢(lao)籠于前(qian)載。處周公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di),居上將之(zhi)(zhi)重,肋冠俗,攻戰(zhan)如神,敵國系(xi)以(yi)存(cun)亡,鼎(ding)命由(you)其輕(qing)重。屬(shu)道消之(zhi)(zhi)日,挾震主之(zhi)(zhi)威,斯人而嬰斯戮,君(jun)子(zi)是以(yi)知國祚之(zhi)(zhi)不永也。”
宇文泰:“此(ci)兒智識(shi)不凡,當成(cheng)重(zhong)器。”
陳(chen)元靚:“銀漢(han)分派,瓊(qiong)枝擢秀。武庫(ku)橫(heng)心(xin),兵機在手。扶齊功多,安蜀政厚。國之盤維,旡出(chu)其右。”
黃道周(zhou):“憲周(zhou)諸子,度量不(bu)群(qun)。文帝賜(si)馬,取駁(bo)為(wei)馴。色既(ji)出類(lei),牧圉易分(fen)。帝嘉(jia)智識,迥不(bu)猶人。撫蜀擇守,憲即(ji)自任。既(ji)而(er)受命,綏果(guo)得(de)民。屢與晉戰,戰必立勛。或行詭(gui)道,或以名聞。或請破敵(di),頃刻而(er)奔。就間用(yong)間,妙若(ruo)轉輪。為(wei)將若(ruo)此,可(ke)謂(wei)入(ru)神。”
蔡(cai)東藩:“然當(dang)時(shi)如齊王憲輩,不能為伊霍之(zhi)行(xing),徒拱手而(er)(er)受戮,忠而(er)(er)近愚,亦不足取,身亡(wang)而(er)(er)國俱亡(wang),此任圣之(zhi)所以(yi)夐絕古今(jin)也!”
宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文泰曾賞(shang)賜(si)給兒(er)子們良馬,讓(rang)他(ta)們自己選擇。只有宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲選了一匹雜(za)色(se)(se)馬。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文泰詢問,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲答道(dao):“這(zhe)匹馬顏色(se)(se)特殊,可能出(chu)類拔(ba)萃(cui)。如(ru)果(guo)從軍作戰,馬夫容易辨認。”宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文泰高興地說:“這(zhe)個孩子識(shi)見(jian)不凡(fan),必當成為大(da)才。”后來隨(sui)從在隴山(shan)上打獵,經過(guo)官馬牧場(chang),宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文泰每次看見(jian)雜(za)色(se)(se)馬,都說:“這(zhe)是我兒(er)子的馬啊!”命令隨(sui)從牽來,賞(shang)賜(si)給他(ta)。
宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)性情淳(chun)厚,侍奉母親達步干(gan)(gan)氏,以孝順出名。達步干(gan)(gan)氏原先患有風(feng)熱之病,多(duo)次(ci)發作,宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)衣不解帶,在(zai)身邊侍候(hou)。宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)有時東征西(xi)戰,每次(ci)感(gan)到心驚,其母必有病,便派使(shi)者馳(chi)回問(wen)候(hou),果然(ran)如此。
父母
父親(qin):宇文泰,北周(zhou)文帝
母親:達步干氏
兄弟姐妹
哥哥
北周明帝宇文毓
宋獻公宇文震
北周孝閔(min)帝宇文覺
北周武帝宇文邕
弟弟
衛剌王宇文直
趙僭王宇文招
譙孝王宇文儉
陳惑王宇文純
越野王宇文盛
代奰王宇文達
冀康王宇文通
滕聞王宇文逌
姐妹
襄陽公主,嫁竇(dou)毅,生唐朝太(tai)穆皇后。
宇文皇后,西魏廢(fei)帝元欽皇后。
義安公主,嫁李弼(bi)子李輝。
順陽公主,嫁隋文帝弟(di)弟(di)滕王(wang)楊(yang)瓚。
平原(yuan)公主(zhu),嫁于(yu)翼。
永(yong)富公主,嫁史寧之子史雄。
某公主,嫁賀拔(ba)岳(yue)子賀拔(ba)緯。
某公主,嫁若干惠子若干鳳(feng)。
西(xi)河公主(zhu),嫁彭國公劉昶(chang)。
義歸公主,嫁海州刺史(shi)李基。
襄樂公主,嫁韋(wei)世康。
妻子
豆(dou)盧氏,大(da)將(jiang)軍豆(dou)盧寧之女
兒子
長子(zi):宇文貴(gui),齊國世子(zi)。
次子:宇(yu)文質(zhi),河間郡王。
三子(zi):宇文賨,中壩公(gong)。
四子:宇文貢,莒國公。
五子:宇文(wen)乾禧(xi),安城公(gong)。
六子:宇文乾(qian)洽,龍涸公(gong)。
《周書·卷十(shi)二·列傳(chuan)第四(si)》
《北史·卷五十八(ba)·列傳第四(si)十六》