號(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),古琴名(ming)。 漢·劉向 《九嘆·愍命》:“破伯牙(ya)之號(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兮,挾(xie)人箏(zheng)而(er)彈緯。”《淮南子·修務(wu)訓(xun)》:“鼓琴者(zhe)期於鳴廉、脩營,而(er)不期於濫脇(xie)、號(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。” 高誘 注:“號(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),高聲,非(fei)耳所(suo)及耳。” 唐 獨孤及 《夏中酬于逖華(hua)耀問病見贈(zeng)》詩(shi):“遙(yao)指故山笑,相(xiang)看撫號(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”《云笈七(qi)簽》卷一百:“ 黃帝之琴名(ming)號(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),作清角之弄(nong)。”
齊桓公的(de)"號鐘"、楚莊王的(de)"繞梁"、司馬相(xiang)如(ru)的(de)"綠綺"和(he)蔡邕(yong)的(de)"焦尾",這四(si)張琴曾被人(ren)們譽為(wei)“四(si)大名(ming)琴”。
“號鐘(zhong)”是傳說中周代的名(ming)(ming)琴,居(ju)古代四大名(ming)(ming)琴之首,此(ci)琴音(yin)之宏亮,猶如(ru)鐘(zhong)聲激蕩,號角長鳴,令人蕩胸(xiong)生云(yun)。可此(ci)琴若不是巧遇齊(qi)桓(huan)公,齊(qi)桓(huan)公慧眼(yan)識(shi)琴、育人,只怕是早遭埋(mai)沒,難(nan)見天日。
齊(qi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)一(yi)次巡行,路過一(yi)村莊,突然(ran)聽到(dao)一(yi)陣琴(qin)(qin)音(yin),五音(yin)不齊(qi),齊(qi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)聽得(de)難(nan)受,又(you)有喧(xuan)嘩鼓噪之聲(sheng),便下(xia)車尋來。這時看(kan)(kan)見(jian)一(yi)群孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)圍著(zhu)一(yi)個(ge)五六歲左右的男(nan)孩(hai),男(nan)孩(hai)用身子(zi)(zi)(zi)緊護(hu)(hu)一(yi)琴(qin)(qin),擋著(zhu)如(ru)雨點般砸來的拳腳。桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)立即呵(he)止,救下(xia)小孩(hai)。一(yi)問:原來是孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)抱琴(qin)(qin)沿村乞(qi)討,不料演奏(zou)難(nan)聽,被當作騙(pian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),又(you)因搶了(le)(le)(le)乞(qi)丐的飯碗,遭乞(qi)丐群毆,可這孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)雖然(ran)被打,還(huan)舍命護(hu)(hu)琴(qin)(qin),懂(dong)得(de)珍貴物品(pin)。齊(qi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)是齊(qi)國的賢明君主(zhu),通曉音(yin)律,喜好操琴(qin)(qin),頓生憐(lian)惜。將孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)帶回宮中(zhong),再看(kan)(kan)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)手中(zhong)琴(qin)(qin),不覺驚訝萬(wan)分,他(ta)收藏了(le)(le)(le)許多名(ming)琴(qin)(qin),還(huan)沒(mei)發現竟有如(ru)此(ci)好琴(qin)(qin)。再問,才知(zhi)琴(qin)(qin)是父(fu)親(qin)(qin)遺留(liu)(liu)的,還(huan)在母(mu)親(qin)(qin)襁褓中(zhong),父(fu)親(qin)(qin)就(jiu)去世(shi),長到(dao)五歲,母(mu)親(qin)(qin)又(you)亡(wang),父(fu)母(mu)只(zhi)留(liu)(liu)得(de)此(ci)琴(qin)(qin),他(ta)不得(de)不學(xue)父(fu)親(qin)(qin)操琴(qin)(qin)賣藝,無奈他(ta)沒(mei)學(xue)過,又(you)無錢求師,只(zhi)好亂(luan)彈。桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)看(kan)(kan)那(nei)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)目(mu)聰靈秀,甚是憐(lian)愛。孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)又(you)不知(zhi)道自(zi)己名(ming)姓,就(jiu)賜名(ming)“號(hao)(hao)鐘”。叫來樂(le)師全(quan)力(li)教(jiao)習孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)彈琴(qin)(qin), “號(hao)(hao)鐘”苦學(xue)勤(qin)練(lian)。過了(le)(le)(le)數年,桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)正要(yao)征討魯國,第(di)二天出(chu)征誓(shi)師,忽(hu)聽號(hao)(hao)角(jiao)(jiao)聲(sheng)聲(sheng),鐘鼓鳴鳴,讓人精神陡長,摩(mo)拳擦掌,他(ta)試著(zhu)吹牛(niu)角(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)和,更佳(jia)。此(ci)樂(le),明天出(chu)征,豈不是用到(dao)點子(zi)(zi)(zi)上?尋聲(sheng)一(yi)看(kan)(kan),是“號(hao)(hao)鐘”在彈琴(qin)(qin),好不高興。第(di)二天十萬(wan)大軍(jun)凜立,軍(jun)旗獵(lie)獵(lie),桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)令(ling)部下(xia)吹起牛(niu)角(jiao)(jiao), “號(hao)(hao)鐘” 奏(zou)琴(qin)(qin)與之呼(hu)應。牛(niu)角(jiao)(jiao)聲(sheng)聲(sheng),琴(qin)(qin)聲(sheng)切切,軍(jun)威頓振(zhen)。“號(hao)(hao)鐘”在牛(niu)角(jiao)(jiao)的伴奏(zou)下(xia)彈出(chu)的旋(xuan)律雄渾悲壯激(ji)昂亢奮,千軍(jun)萬(wan)馬人人個(ge)個(ge)只(zhi)覺得(de)熱血沸騰,斗志昂揚,雄心萬(wan)丈(zhang),士(shi)氣(qi)倍增。果(guo)然(ran)一(yi)路勢如(ru)破竹,所向披(pi)靡(mi),大勝(sheng)而(er)歸。
從此“號鐘(zhong)”名聲遠(yuan)播,人們為了(le)紀(ji)念(nian)音(yin)樂(le)演奏家(jia)號鐘(zhong),也(ye)為紀(ji)念(nian)伯樂(le)齊桓公,便(bian)把此琴命(ming)名為“號鐘(zhong)”,“號鐘(zhong)”這一名琴便(bian)流(liu)傳了(le)下(xia)來,也(ye)留下(xia)了(le)音(yin)樂(le)中(zhong)“伯樂(le)識千里(li)馬”的故事。