號(hao)(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)(zhong),古(gu)琴名。 漢·劉向 《九嘆·愍(min)命》:“破伯牙(ya)之號(hao)(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)兮(xi),挾人箏而彈緯。”《淮南子·修務(wu)訓(xun)》:“鼓(gu)琴者(zhe)期於(wu)(wu)鳴廉(lian)、脩營,而不期於(wu)(wu)濫(lan)脇、號(hao)(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)。” 高誘 注:“號(hao)(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)(zhong),高聲,非耳(er)所及(ji)耳(er)。” 唐 獨孤(gu)及(ji) 《夏(xia)中(zhong)酬于逖華耀問(wen)病見(jian)贈(zeng)》詩:“遙指故(gu)山(shan)笑,相(xiang)看(kan)撫號(hao)(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)。”《云笈七簽》卷一百:“ 黃帝之琴名號(hao)(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)(zhong),作(zuo)清角之弄。”
齊桓公的"號鐘"、楚(chu)莊王的"繞梁"、司馬(ma)相(xiang)如的"綠(lv)綺"和蔡(cai)邕的"焦尾",這四(si)張琴(qin)曾(ceng)被人們譽為“四(si)大名琴(qin)”。
“號(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)”是(shi)(shi)傳說(shuo)中(zhong)周代的名琴,居(ju)古代四大(da)名琴之首(shou),此琴音之宏亮,猶如鐘(zhong)聲激蕩,號(hao)(hao)角(jiao)長鳴,令人蕩胸生云。可此琴若不是(shi)(shi)巧遇(yu)齊桓(huan)公,齊桓(huan)公慧眼識琴、育人,只怕是(shi)(shi)早遭(zao)埋沒,難見天日。
齊(qi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)次巡行,路(lu)(lu)過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)村莊,突然(ran)聽到一(yi)(yi)陣琴(qin)(qin)音,五音不(bu)(bu)齊(qi),齊(qi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)聽得(de)難受,又(you)(you)有喧嘩鼓(gu)(gu)噪之聲(sheng)(sheng),便下(xia)(xia)車尋(xun)來(lai)(lai)。這時看見一(yi)(yi)群孩(hai)(hai)子圍著(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)五六歲(sui)左右的男(nan)孩(hai)(hai),男(nan)孩(hai)(hai)用身子緊(jin)護(hu)一(yi)(yi)琴(qin)(qin),擋著(zhu)(zhu)如(ru)雨點(dian)般(ban)砸來(lai)(lai)的拳(quan)腳。桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)立即呵止,救下(xia)(xia)小孩(hai)(hai)。一(yi)(yi)問(wen)(wen):原來(lai)(lai)是(shi)孩(hai)(hai)子抱(bao)琴(qin)(qin)沿村乞(qi)討(tao),不(bu)(bu)料演奏難聽,被(bei)當(dang)作騙子,又(you)(you)因搶了(le)乞(qi)丐的飯(fan)碗(wan),遭乞(qi)丐群毆,可這孩(hai)(hai)子雖然(ran)被(bei)打,還舍命護(hu)琴(qin)(qin),懂(dong)得(de)珍貴(gui)物品。齊(qi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)齊(qi)國的賢明君主,通曉音律,喜好操琴(qin)(qin),頓生憐惜(xi)。將孩(hai)(hai)子帶(dai)回宮中,再看孩(hai)(hai)子手(shou)中琴(qin)(qin),不(bu)(bu)覺(jue)(jue)驚訝(ya)萬分,他(ta)收藏(zang)了(le)許多名(ming)琴(qin)(qin),還沒(mei)發現竟(jing)有如(ru)此(ci)好琴(qin)(qin)。再問(wen)(wen),才知琴(qin)(qin)是(shi)父親(qin)遺留的,還在母親(qin)襁褓中,父親(qin)就去(qu)世,長(chang)到五歲(sui),母親(qin)又(you)(you)亡,父母只留得(de)此(ci)琴(qin)(qin),他(ta)不(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)學(xue)父親(qin)操琴(qin)(qin)賣藝,無奈他(ta)沒(mei)學(xue)過(guo)(guo),又(you)(you)無錢求師,只好亂彈(dan)。桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)看那孩(hai)(hai)子目聰靈秀(xiu),甚是(shi)憐愛。孩(hai)(hai)子又(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)知道自己名(ming)姓,就賜名(ming)“號(hao)鐘”。叫來(lai)(lai)樂師全(quan)力教(jiao)習(xi)孩(hai)(hai)子彈(dan)琴(qin)(qin), “號(hao)鐘”苦學(xue)勤練(lian)。過(guo)(guo)了(le)數年,桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)要征討(tao)魯(lu)國,第(di)二(er)天出征誓師,忽(hu)聽號(hao)角聲(sheng)(sheng)聲(sheng)(sheng),鐘鼓(gu)(gu)鳴鳴,讓(rang)人精(jing)神陡長(chang),摩拳(quan)擦(ca)掌,他(ta)試(shi)著(zhu)(zhu)吹牛(niu)(niu)角一(yi)(yi)和,更佳。此(ci)樂,明天出征,豈(qi)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)用到點(dian)子上(shang)?尋(xun)聲(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)(yi)看,是(shi)“號(hao)鐘”在彈(dan)琴(qin)(qin),好不(bu)(bu)高興(xing)。第(di)二(er)天十(shi)萬大軍(jun)凜(lin)立,軍(jun)旗獵獵,桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)令部(bu)下(xia)(xia)吹起(qi)牛(niu)(niu)角, “號(hao)鐘” 奏琴(qin)(qin)與之呼應(ying)。牛(niu)(niu)角聲(sheng)(sheng)聲(sheng)(sheng),琴(qin)(qin)聲(sheng)(sheng)切切,軍(jun)威頓振。“號(hao)鐘”在牛(niu)(niu)角的伴(ban)奏下(xia)(xia)彈(dan)出的旋律雄渾悲(bei)壯激昂(ang)(ang)亢奮,千軍(jun)萬馬(ma)人人個(ge)個(ge)只覺(jue)(jue)得(de)熱(re)血沸騰,斗志昂(ang)(ang)揚(yang),雄心萬丈,士氣倍(bei)增。果(guo)然(ran)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)(lu)勢如(ru)破竹,所(suo)向披靡,大勝(sheng)而歸。
從此“號(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)”名聲遠播,人們為了(le)(le)紀(ji)念(nian)音樂演奏家號(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong),也為紀(ji)念(nian)伯(bo)樂齊桓公,便(bian)把此琴命名為“號(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)”,“號(hao)(hao)鐘(zhong)”這一名琴便(bian)流傳(chuan)了(le)(le)下來(lai),也留(liu)下了(le)(le)音樂中“伯(bo)樂識千里馬(ma)”的故(gu)事。