思(si)(si)州石(shi)(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),簡(jian)稱“思(si)(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”或“思(si)(si)州硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”。因硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)材產于古思(si)(si)州治地(今岑(cen)鞏(gong)縣(xian)思(si)(si)陽(yang)鎮)而得(de)名(ming)。思(si)(si)州硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)岑(cen)鞏(gong)縣(xian)的(de)特產,古時(shi)即馳名(ming)神(shen)州。相傳于漢代(dai)前(qian)期,已有(you)兩千多年的(de)歷史。因內(nei)含有(you)天然的(de)金(jin)星(xing)(xing)礦石(shi)(shi),故(gu)又稱“金(jin)星(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”。思(si)(si)州石(shi)(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)中(zhong)國歷史上開發與利用較早的(de)八大石(shi)(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)一。有(you)文(wen)人贊曰:“水石(shi)(shi)殊質(zhi),云(yun)(yun)滋(zi)露液,渾金(jin)璞玉(yu),惜(xi)墨惜(xi)筆(bi)”。當(dang)(dang)今的(de)思(si)(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)保持了高超(chao)的(de)傳統工藝,揉和(he)當(dang)(dang)代(dai)藝術,造型奇(qi)巧(qiao)而精細(xi),結構復雜而嚴謹(jin)。雕刻(ke)有(you)“雙龍(long)搶寶”、“單龍(long)戲(xi)珠”、“雙鳳(feng)朝(chao)陽(yang)”、“龍(long)鳳(feng)呈祥(xiang)”、“鴛鴦戲(xi)水”、“犀牛望月”、“喜鵲鬧梅”、“青松白鶴”、“松鼠偷(tou)葡萄”、“鯉魚(yu)躍龍(long)門”、“龜硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”、“蛙硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”、“金(jin)魚(yu)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”等(deng)(deng)60余種(zhong)圖案,優(you)美而古樸(pu)。尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)圖案中(zhong)的(de)動物眼睛,植物花蕊,珍寶奇(qi)珠以(yi)及(ji)日月星(xing)(xing)辰等(deng)(deng)都(dou)是(shi)用天然金(jin)星(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)制成。成品(pin)通(tong)體漆亮,光可鑒人,金(jin)星(xing)(xing)閃爍(shuo)其(qi)間,如哈氣硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)塘,則其(qi)云(yun)(yun)滋(zi)露液久久不收。思(si)(si)州石(shi)(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)自古以(yi)來被文(wen)人墨客視為(wei)珍奇(qi),備受喜歡。是(shi)我國“八大名(ming)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”之(zhi)一。北宋大文(wen)豪蘇東(dong)坡譽之(zhi)為(wei)“珙璧(bi)”,清康熙皇帝作為(wei)御硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),是(shi)當(dang)(dang)地歷代(dai)官府進奉朝(chao)廷的(de)珍貴貢品(pin)。日本前(qian)首相田中(zhong)角榮當(dang)(dang)年訪問我國時(shi),曾向周(zhou)總理求取思(si)(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。
一(yi)方石硯(yan)從打胚到制成硯(yan)臺(tai)須歷30道(dao)工(gong)序,費時20余天。其敲、琢、雕、刻全靠手(shou)上工(gong)夫,工(gong)序一(yi)道(dao)比一(yi)道(dao)艱難,稍有不慎(shen)便毀(hui)于一(yi)旦。思硯(yan)圖案(an)設(she)計精巧,結構復(fu)雜嚴謹,工(gong)藝(yi)考究,題材廣泛,無論是龍(long)(long)(long)、鳳(feng)、麟、魚,或(huo)是人、物、山、水,飛禽走獸,都能濃縮(suo)其間。其圖案(an)造型有:雙龍(long)(long)(long)搶寶、單龍(long)(long)(long)戲珠、雙鳳(feng)朝陽(yang)、龍(long)(long)(long)鳳(feng)呈祥、九(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)硯(yan)、金魚硯(yan)、荷葉(xie)硯(yan)、八卦硯(yan)、福壽硯(yan)、墀牛望月、喜鵲含梅、鯉魚躍龍(long)(long)(long)門(men)、獅子滾繡球(qiu)等上百種(zhong)。
思硯(yan)不(bu)僅石色美(mei)觀,且質地優良(liang)。它(ta)通(tong)體墨(mo)(mo)(mo)黑發亮(liang),光(guang)可鑒(jian)人,又堅實如(ru)(ru)玉,細膩如(ru)(ru)膚;硯(yan)上(shang)點(dian)點(dian)金星,圓如(ru)(ru)古錢、形如(ru)(ru)彎(wan)月,熒光(guang)閃爍,皎美(mei)絕侖。它(ta)具有工于(yu)發墨(mo)(mo)(mo),貯水不(bu)干,耐磨不(bu)嶙,研汁如(ru)(ru)油,明亮(liang)生(sheng)輝,惜(xi)筆惜(xi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)等(deng)優點(dian)。在無(wu)水時(shi),若哈氣于(yu)硯(yan)中,便自出露液,即可磨墨(mo)(mo)(mo)寫(xie)字(zi),故深受(shou)歷(li)代文人墨(mo)(mo)(mo)客(ke)的喜歡。
唐(tang)、宋時期,思州石(shi)硯(yan)(yan)在文人(ren)書齋中,受到蘇軾、黃庭(ting)堅、歐陽修等書畫名人(ren)的鐘(zhong)愛。后(hou)經過元(yuan)、明(ming)兩代藝(yi)人(ren)的努力,制硯(yan)(yan)技(ji)藝(yi)得到進一步(bu)的提高,被明(ming)朝(chao)(chao)廷列(lie)為貢(gong)品。清朝(chao)(chao)康熙皇帝對思州石(shi)硯(yan)(yan)尤為贊賞(shang),把它選作“御硯(yan)(yan)”收藏。
北宋(song)大文豪蘇東坡譽之為(wei)(wei)“珙璧”,清康熙皇帝作為(wei)(wei)御硯,是當地歷代官(guan)府進奉朝廷的珍貴貢品。
日本(ben)前首(shou)相田(tian)中角榮當年(nian)訪問我國時,曾(ceng)向周總理索取思硯。
晉朝“書圣”王羲之臺前(qian)擺的(de)就是(shi)思州(zhou)(zhou)石硯(yan),清(qing)朝康熙(xi)帝(di)臺前(qian)也有(you)思州(zhou)(zhou)石硯(yan),清(qing)朝末期(qi),思州(zhou)(zhou)石硯(yan)流傳國(guo)外,在日本頗(po)受(shou)歡迎(ying)。民國(guo)十九年(nian)(1930年(nian)),岑鞏(gong)縣(xian)制硯(yan)藝人聶寶善的(de)作(zuo)品榮(rong)獲“貴州(zhou)(zhou)省工(gong)業(ye)實業(ye)展覽會甲級銀質(zhi)獎章(zhang)”。從(cong)而,思州(zhou)(zhou)石硯(yan)作(zuo)坊(fang)也相繼興旺起來。特(te)別是(shi)星石潭一(yi)帶,幾(ji)乎家(jia)家(jia)都有(you)制硯(yan)能手,在全(quan)國(guo)名硯(yan)林中占有(you)一(yi)席重要之地(di)。
1960年1月,周恩(en)來總理視察貴州(zhou),他根據辦公(gong)桌(zhuo)上(shang)存(cun)放的思州(zhou)石硯,在他親自過問和關懷(huai)下,思州(zhou)石硯生(sheng)產得以恢復和發展(zhan)。1973年成立了(le)“岑鞏(gong)縣工藝美術廠”,周樹南等老人積極(ji)擇徒授藝,組織(zhi)生(sheng)產,思州(zhou)石硯得以再次走出國(guo)門,先后出口東(dong)南亞各(ge)國(guo)。
1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)1日,國(guo)家輕工業部將“思(si)(si)州石(shi)硯”列為(wei)全國(guo)傳統工藝美術品“刻(ke)硯”的(de)(de)八大(da)名(ming)硯(端硯、歙硯、洮硯、賀蘭硯、思(si)(si)州石(shi)硯、羅(luo)紋硯、金星硯、魯硯)中的(de)(de)第五位。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian),思(si)(si)硯在(zai)(zai)國(guo)內貿易部、國(guo)家專利局主辦的(de)(de)中國(guo)國(guo)際技術產(chan)品展(zhan)覽會(hui)上(shang)榮獲金獎。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian),張(zhang)小平(ping)(ping)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)所刻(ke)的(de)(de)《思(si)(si)州春曉》、《榮華富貴(gui)》二方思(si)(si)硯,在(zai)(zai)第三屆中國(guo)文(wen)房四寶當代名(ming)人名(ming)作(zuo)(zuo)精品硯大(da)賽中獲銅獎;同(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)。在(zai)(zai)第十屆全國(guo)文(wen)房四寶藝博(bo)會(hui)上(shang)思(si)(si)硯獲得2次“國(guo)之(zhi)寶”——中國(guo)十大(da)名(ming)硯的(de)(de)殊榮。2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue),張(zhang)小平(ping)(ping)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)制作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)《龍珠》硯,作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)禮品贈送給(gei)泰(tai)國(guo)公主詩琳通殿下。2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue),蘭干武同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)在(zai)(zai)《書法報》上(shang)以“誰(shui)感動了上(shang)帝”對“思(si)(si)州石(shi)硯”作(zuo)(zuo)過詳細報道。
“思州石(shi)(shi)硯”石(shi)(shi)材(cai)產地(di)----岑(cen)鞏星石(shi)(shi)潭,方圓2華里范(fan)圍(wei),石(shi)(shi)體厚度(du)均達20米以上(shang)。山體藏石(shi)(shi)豐(feng)富,石(shi)(shi)材(cai)量大,極具(ju)開(kai)采價值,尚(shang)待(dai)有識(shi)之士前(qian)來考察、投(tou)資、開(kai)發。
岑鞏人(ren)民相信:思(si)硯(yan)(yan)作為一(yi)(yi)種文(wen)化(hua)品(pin)牌,一(yi)(yi)定會像茅臺酒那樣令婦(fu)孺皆知。到(dao)那時,感(gan)動上(shang)帝的不是(shi)哪一(yi)(yi)個人(ren),而(er)是(shi)思(si)硯(yan)(yan)----國之寶,是(shi)思(si)硯(yan)(yan)經久(jiu)不息的歷史和文(wen)化(hua)!