按(an)背(bei)文和(he)鑄行(xing)階(jie)段可分為(wei)五式。
第一式(shi)為“仿(fang)古(gu)式(shi)”,鑄(zhu)行時間(jian)為順(shun)(shun)治元(yuan)年(nian)至八年(nian)(1644~1651),順(shun)(shun)治十七年(nian)停止使(shi)用并回收。包括光背(bei)(bei)(bei)、背(bei)(bei)(bei)符號(hao)、背(bei)(bei)(bei)紀值三類,其(qi)中紀值類有(you)(you)背(bei)(bei)(bei)“一”、“二”與“十·一兩”仿(fang)明(ming)(ming)天啟大錢(qian)試鑄(zhu)品,背(bei)(bei)(bei)符號(hao)類有(you)(you)背(bei)(bei)(bei)星、背(bei)(bei)(bei)圈等。由于仿(fang)古(gu)式(shi)順(shun)(shun)治錢(qian)從形制、鑄(zhu)造工藝等方面均(jun)具有(you)(you)很(hen)明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)明(ming)(ming)朝鑄(zhu)幣的(de)特點,故(gu)稱其(qi)為“仿(fang)古(gu)式(shi)”。又因為錢(qian)背(bei)(bei)(bei)無紀錢(qian)局文字,也(ye)稱為“無紀局”式(shi),是清(qing)朝入關后鑄(zhu)行的(de)唯一一種無紀局標識的(de)制錢(qian)。
第(di)二式為(wei)(wei)“單(dan)(dan)漢字(zi)紀(ji)局(ju)(ju)式”,該式鑄(zhu)行(xing)時間為(wei)(wei)順(shun)治元年(nian)至十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(1644~1653),錢(qian)(qian)背(bei)(bei)以(yi)單(dan)(dan)個漢字(zi)標示(shi)鑄(zhu)造錢(qian)(qian)局(ju)(ju)簡稱,先后(hou)有右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)單(dan)(dan)字(zi)、穿左單(dan)(dan)字(zi)及(ji)穿上(shang)(shang)漢字(zi)幾(ji)類。由于(yu)順(shun)治早期(qi)(qi)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)局(ju)(ju)眾(zhong)多,故(gu)錢(qian)(qian)背(bei)(bei)紀(ji)局(ju)(ju)文(wen)字(zi)較為(wei)(wei)豐富,共發現十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)個錢(qian)(qian)局(ju)(ju),三(san)十(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)背(bei)(bei)文(wen),分別(bie)為(wei)(wei):右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)戶、上(shang)(shang)戶、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)工(gong)、上(shang)(shang)工(gong)、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)宣、上(shang)(shang)宣、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)臨、上(shang)(shang)臨、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)延(yan)(yan)、左延(yan)(yan)、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)云、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)同、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)薊(ji)、上(shang)(shang)薊(ji)、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)、上(shang)(shang)原(yuan)、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)陽、上(shang)(shang)陽、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)河(he)、上(shang)(shang)河(he)、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)浙、上(shang)(shang)浙、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)東、上(shang)(shang)東、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)荊(jing)、上(shang)(shang)荊(jing)、上(shang)(shang)寧(ning)、上(shang)(shang)昌、上(shang)(shang)襄、上(shang)(shang)福、上(shang)(shang)新。其中:上(shang)(shang)工(gong)、上(shang)(shang)新未正式發行(xing),僅見(jian)(jian)數枚樣(yang)錢(qian)(qian),背(bei)(bei)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)延(yan)(yan)字(zi)錢(qian)(qian)較為(wei)(wei)罕見(jian)(jian),背(bei)(bei)上(shang)(shang)延(yan)(yan)字(zi)錢(qian)(qian)未見(jian)(jian)真(zhen)品。舊譜(pu)記載背(bei)(bei)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)昌、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)寧(ning)、上(shang)(shang)陜(shan)、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)陜(shan)等品種(zhong)實不存在。順(shun)治十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)仿古(gu)式與單(dan)(dan)漢字(zi)紀(ji)局(ju)(ju)式順(shun)治錢(qian)(qian)一并停用(yong),并被(bei)收(shou)兌銷毀。《清文(wen)獻(xian)通考·卷十(shi)(shi)三(san)·錢(qian)(qian)幣考》;“國初(chu),尚(shang)仍其制(zhi),嗣后(hou)有鑄(zhu)漢文(wen),戶工(gong)字(zi)及(ji)各省鎮(zhen)地名一字(zi),于(yu)錢(qian)(qian)幕之(zhi)上(shang)(shang),或錢(qian)(qian)幕之(zhi)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)者,皆順(shun)治十(shi)(shi)年(nian)以(yi)前之(zhi)制(zhi)。”說(shuo)明仿古(gu)式與“單(dan)(dan)漢字(zi)式”為(wei)(wei)順(shun)治錢(qian)(qian)的(de)早期(qi)(qi)形式。
第三式(shi)(shi)為(wei)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”式(shi)(shi),錢(qian)背穿右以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)單漢(han)字標(biao)示鑄(zhu)(zhu)局(ju),穿左書寫“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”二字。鑄(zhu)(zhu)行時(shi)間為(wei)順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)至十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(1653~1657),停(ting)用時(shi)間為(wei)康熙二年(nian)(nian)(1663)。根(gen)據順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1653)九月當(dang)時(shi)的戶部尚書車克題:“進(jin)驗(yan)新式(shi)(shi)樣(yang)錢(qian)并請旨頒(ban)發(fa)”事本中記載:“遵(zun)照新式(shi)(shi)背鑄(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)貳字樣(yang)錢(qian)萬文,理合(he)進(jin)驗(yan),如果合(he)式(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)便頒(ban)發(fa)各省鎮照式(shi)(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造?查在(zai)京有戶?工(gong)(gong)兩局(ju),臣部經管者(zhe),錢(qian)背鑄(zhu)(zhu)壹(yi)戶字,工(gong)(gong)部鑄(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)字,如江寧寧字,浙江浙字,武昌(chang)昌(chang)字,福(fu)建福(fu)字,山東東字,河南(nan)河字,陜西陜字,太(tai)原原字,陽和陽字,宣府宣字,薊(ji)鎮薊(ji)字,臨清臨字,所以(yi)(yi)辯(bian)精粗,而分殿最也(ye)?”順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”式(shi)(shi)錢(qian)共發(fa)現十(shi)(shi)七種,分別為(wei):“戶一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“工(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“宣一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“薊(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“原一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“陽一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“河一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“浙一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“東一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“寧一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“昌(chang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“福(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“陜一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“江一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“云一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”。唯獨云南(nan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)“云一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”為(wei)順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)至順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(1659~1661)。該式(shi)(shi)為(wei)“權銀(yin)錢(qian)”;“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”二字為(wei)折銀(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)(十(shi)(shi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)折銀(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分,十(shi)(shi)分折銀(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian),十(shi)(shi)錢(qian)折銀(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩),“權銀(yin)錢(qian)”的鑄(zhu)(zhu)行是清朝初(chu)年(nian)(nian)銀(yin)錢(qian)雙本位貨幣制度的實物體現。
第四(si)式(shi)(shi)為背“滿(man)文(wen)”式(shi)(shi),錢(qian)(qian)背書寫滿(man)文(wen)“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉(quan)(quan)”或“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)源”分(fen)列穿左右。順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(1657),戶部(bu)題(ti)準(zhun)各省鑄(zhu)局一律停(ting)鑄(zhu),僅(jin)由戶部(bu)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉(quan)(quan)局與工(gong)部(bu)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)源鑄(zhu)背滿(man)文(wen)局名錢(qian)(qian)。《清(qing)史(shi)稿(gao)食貨五》記(ji)載:“順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian),直省局錢(qian)(qian)不精,私鑄(zhu)乘(cheng)之,卒(zu)壅不行,悉罷(ba)鑄(zhu),專任寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉(quan)(quan),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)源精造一錢(qian)(qian)四(si)分(fen)重(zhong)錢(qian)(qian),幕(mu)用滿(man)文(wen),俾私鑄(zhu),限于作偽,現行錢(qian)(qian)限三月銷毀?”可見由北京戶?工(gong)二(er)局改(gai)鑄(zhu)順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)背滿(man)文(wen)“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉(quan)(quan)”?“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)源”重(zhong)錢(qian)(qian)是(shi)為了(le)達(da)到(dao)統(tong)一管理防止私鑄(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de),也是(shi)歷史(shi)上最重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)小平制(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)。背“滿(man)文(wen)”式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)鑄(zhu)行時(shi)(shi)間為順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)至十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(1657~1661),錢(qian)(qian)體(ti)大(da)而厚重(zhong),錢(qian)(qian)背銘文(wen)改(gai)為雙滿(man)文(wen)形式(shi)(shi),較(jiao)之前(qian)順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)有很大(da)不同(tong)。從(cong)這一式(shi)(shi)開始,清(qing)朝(chao)制(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)在形制(zhi)(zhi)從(cong)上沿(yan)用明(ming)朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代進入了(le)真正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)錢(qian)(qian)時(shi)(shi)代,背滿(man)文(wen)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉(quan)(quan)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)源形式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)一直延(yan)續至清(qing)末宣統(tong)時(shi)(shi)期。它的(de)(de)(de)出現具(ju)有劃時(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義。
第(di)五式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)“滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)文(wen)”式(shi)(shi)(shi),錢(qian)背(bei)分(fen)別以滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)、漢(han)(han)(han)書寫鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)局(ju)(ju)(ju)簡稱(cheng),分(fen)列穿左右。鑄(zhu)(zhu)行時間為(wei)順(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)七年至十(shi)(shi)八年(1660-1661)?據《清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)通志(zhi)》所載:順(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)七年(1660)戶部(bu)又重定順(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通寶(bao)背(bei)文(wen)制式(shi)(shi)(shi),除寶(bao)泉局(ju)(ju)(ju)、寶(bao)源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)(ju)續鋳背(bei)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)文(wen)式(shi)(shi)(shi)外,提準重開十(shi)(shi)五個地方(fang)錢(qian)局(ju)(ju)(ju),并按照順(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四式(shi)(shi)(shi)的規格(ge)開鑄(zhu)(zhu)新錢(qian),每文(wen)重一錢(qian)四分(fen),其(qi)背(bei)文(wen)由穿右省(sheng)府(fu)局(ju)(ju)(ju)漢(han)(han)(han)文(wen)局(ju)(ju)(ju)名,穿左為(wei)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)文(wen)局(ju)(ju)(ju)名,故稱(cheng)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)文(wen)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。據《清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)通志(zhi)》記(ji)載該式(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)別有:山西(xi)大同鎮局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“同”字(zi)(zi)(zi)?江(jiang)南(nan)江(jiang)寧局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“寧”字(zi)(zi)(zi)?山東省(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“東”字(zi)(zi)(zi)?湖廣武昌府(fu)局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“昌”字(zi)(zi)(zi)?直隸宣(xuan)化鎮局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“宣(xuan)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)?山西(xi)太原(yuan)府(fu)局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“原(yuan)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)?直隸薊(ji)州鎮局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“薊(ji)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)?江(jiang)西(xi)南(nan)昌府(fu)局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“江(jiang)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)?河南(nan)省(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“河”字(zi)(zi)(zi)?山東臨清(qing)(qing)鎮局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“臨”字(zi)(zi)(zi)?浙江(jiang)省(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“浙”字(zi)(zi)(zi)?陜西(xi)省(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“陜”字(zi)(zi)(zi)?福(fu)(fu)建省(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“福(fu)(fu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)、云南(nan)省(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“云”字(zi)(zi)(zi)錢(qian)?其(qi)中(zhong)福(fu)(fu)建省(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“福(fu)(fu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)與云南(nan)省(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“云”字(zi)(zi)(zi)錢(qian)并未正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)開鑄(zhu)(zhu),滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“福(fu)(fu)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)錢(qian)僅發現數枚部(bu)頒樣錢(qian),而滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)“云”字(zi)(zi)(zi)錢(qian)未見真品存世。
公元1644年,清軍入關(guan),愛(ai)新覺羅·福臨至北京。為了穩定流通(tong)鑄幣(bi)混亂的(de)(de)(de)(de)局面,一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面有選擇(ze)地繼續沿用明代舊錢(qian)(qian)(qian),另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方在北京設(she)中央錢(qian)(qian)(qian)局開鑄“順治(zhi)通(tong)寶(bao)”錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。新錢(qian)(qian)(qian)每(mei)(mei)文(wen)重量定為一(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)與明錢(qian)(qian)(qian)兌換。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)舉措(cuo)逐漸統一(yi)(yi)(yi)了流通(tong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)制,為恢(hui)復國民(min)經(jing)濟打下(xia)了良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。然而(er)(er)作(zuo)為剛剛入關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清朝(chao)政府推行順治(zhi)通(tong)寶(bao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)并不(bu)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)帆風順的(de)(de)(de)(de),它先后經(jing)歷了五(wu)次(ci)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)改革,最(zui)終完(wan)成(cheng)了脫離明代而(er)(er)建立清代鑄幣(bi)體系的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程。五(wu)次(ci)貨幣(bi)改制鑄就(jiu)了五(wu)種形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)順治(zhi)通(tong)寶(bao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian),這(zhe)就(jiu)是聞名于世的(de)(de)(de)(de)順治(zhi)五(wu)式(shi)。每(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)式(shi)順治(zhi)通(tong)寶(bao)自成(cheng)體系又互相關(guan)聯,為我們后來的(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)藏和研(yan)究者提供了豐富多彩、趣味無窮的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)物資料。
1.明亡清興是(shi)中國歷(li)史中的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個精彩的(de)(de)(de)(de)亮點,滿(man)清入關之(zhi)后,清政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)、南明政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)、農民起義軍政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)之(zhi)間爆發的(de)(de)(de)(de)一系列大規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰爭(zheng)。清政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)統一戰爭(zheng)主導了(le)前(qian)期順(shun)治錢的(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄造,它是(shi)一個戰時貨幣(bi)演化的(de)(de)(de)(de)經典案例和實物證據;
2.隨著敵對政(zheng)權逐一被(bei)消滅,后期(qi)的(de)順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)錢(qian)迅速從戰時貨幣向建(jian)設時期(qi)貨幣的(de)轉型過(guo)渡,順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)錢(qian)也徹底從明朝(chao)制錢(qian)體系中脫離(li)出來。它(ta)是(shi)研(yan)究清(qing)前期(qi)是(shi)如何著力恢(hui)復(fu)戰后經濟課題重要實例(li);
3.順(shun)治錢是(shi)(shi)(shi)中國歷史上(shang)第二個完成了大(da)一統(tong)的少(shao)數(shu)(shu)民族(zu)政權開國鑄(zhu)幣(bi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)研究少(shao)數(shu)(shu)民族(zu)與漢族(zu)錢幣(bi)文化如何一步(bu)步(bu)走向融合的實物資料(liao);順(shun)治錢是(shi)(shi)(shi)在銀本(ben)位貨(huo)幣(bi)制度完全確立之后,建立的一整(zheng)套(tao)白(bai)(bai)銀、銅錢雙軌制貨(huo)幣(bi)解決方案;是(shi)(shi)(shi)貨(huo)幣(bi)白(bai)(bai)銀化研究的重要(yao)組成;
4.鑄幣(bi)紀局(ju)的(de)制度(du)是整(zheng)個清代錢幣(bi)體系(xi)的(de)一(yi)大(da)特(te)點,也是中國封建(jian)鑄幣(bi)制度(du)發展到更成熟階(jie)段的(de)體現。這(zhe)一(yi)制度(du)雖(sui)然(ran)始于順(shun)治(zhi)錢,但這(zhe)并(bing)非(fei)一(yi)蹴而就,它經歷了一(yi)個循(xun)序漸進的(de)過程,對順(shun)治(zhi)錢的(de)研究(jiu)為(wei)弄清這(zhe)一(yi)演化過程提供了重要(yao)參考。