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簡介

宋(song)元(yuan)通寶(bao)是(shi)宋(song)代(dai)的(de)第一種鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)(yu)宋(song)太祖建隆元(yuan)年(nian)960年(nian)，錢(qian)式沿襲(xi)“周(zhou)元(yuan)通寶(bao)”成規，為小(xiao)平(ping)錢(qian)。錢(qian)文對讀，是(shi)國(guo)號(hao)加寶(bao)文的(de)國(guo)號(hao)錢(qian)。后(hou)宋(song)太祖傳位(wei)于(yu)(yu)弟(di)宋(song)太宗趙(zhao)光義即(ji)位(wei)，于(yu)(yu)太平(ping)興國(guo)年(nian)間（976年(nian)—983年(nian)）年(nian)鑄(zhu)(zhu)“太平(ping)通寶(bao)”錢(qian)，錢(qian)式同“宋(song)元(yuan)通寶(bao)”。

當時四川及福建出(chu)鐵錢(qian)。福建所出(chu)鐵錢(qian)，背郭清晰，鑄工(gong)(gong)頗(po)精，大受歡迎，于是又推(tui)出(chu)一種直徑(jing)4.2厘米的當十(shi)大錢(qian)，書(shu)法(fa)鑄工(gong)(gong)均不(bu)錯，背穿上有一個圓點，可(ke)能是一種紀念錢(qian)，現存世不(bu)多。這兩種“太平通寶”都為五代風格，而(er)鑄工(gong)(gong)精整(zheng)，深厚淳樸可(ke)比(bi)開(kai)元錢(qian)。

宋元(yuan)(yuan)通寶為宋開(kai)國錢(qian)。錢(qian)文仿八分書(shu)，形制仿唐開(kai)元(yuan)(yuan)。有(you)(you)(you)銅(tong)、鐵兩種，鐵錢(qian)十當銅(tong)錢(qian)一(yi)。宋元(yuan)(yuan)通寶版別(bie)較(jiao)(jiao)多，除背有(you)(you)(you)星、直、日、月、上菱紋外，常見的主要有(you)(you)(you)：大(da)字(zi)、長通、狹通、小字(zi)闊緣等。較(jiao)(jiao)為少見的有(you)(you)(you)：大(da)字(zi)右(you)挑元(yuan)(yuan)、接(jie)郭(guo)、開(kai)元(yuan)(yuan)版低頭通、鐵母狹宋、闊宋昂(ang)寶、折二樣等。

外型

外圓內方，錢(qian)文仿八分書，形制仿唐開(kai)元。有銅、鐵(tie)兩種，背有星、月紋(wen)等(deng)，鐵(tie)錢(qian)十當銅錢(qian)一。

源流

原意

錢(qian)本農(nong)器(qi)(qi)，其狀(zhuang)類(lei)鏟，用(yong)以(yi)劃地除草者。生民之(zhi)(zhi)初，人各自(zi)給自(zi)足，無所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂(wei)交易，更無所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂(wei)過籌(chou)，偶有所(suo)(suo)(suo)需(xu)，即(ji)以(yi)農(nong)器(qi)(qi)為交易之(zhi)(zhi)媒(mei)。是農(nong)器(qi)(qi)者，即(ji)當時所(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)過籌(chou)，亦(yi)即(ji)今(jin)日之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂(wei)幣也(ye)。以(yi)后，因交易之(zhi)(zhi)增繁，漸致農(nong)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)不足以(yi)應用(yong)，遂象其形而(er)制物以(yi)代之(zhi)(zhi)。其形狀(zhuang)及用(yong)途均與農(nong)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)等，故仍名之(zhi)(zhi)曰錢(qian)，此通籌(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)名錢(qian)者以(yi)此。

記載

至其肇始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年代，現已無(wu)法確考(kao)(kao)。但(dan)據(ju)《管子(zi)》載(zai)，稱錢(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)興(xing)蓋(gai)自(zi)燧人(ren)氏(shi)以輕(qing)重為天(tian)下(xia)利，至黃帝(di)時(shi)，其法寢備，則《紀原》謂始(shi)于帝(di)堯遭大水而始(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)者非，此說似屬近理。蓋(gai)雖(sui)非始(shi)自(zi)燧人(ren)氏(shi)，其相(xiang)去亦不遠也。據(ju)后(hou)世多(duo)數考(kao)(kao)古家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)考(kao)(kao)證，在出土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)古錢(qian)中，有一(yi)種鏟幣與(yu)黃帝(di)后(hou)任何時(shi)期之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)幣不同，糟朽已達極點，握手(shou)即行粉碎(sui)，其花紋字體(ti)與(yu)五(wu)帝(di)三代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器無(wu)一(yi)相(xiang)同，是或即燧人(ren)氏(shi)最初所(suo)(suo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)歟(yu)?至伏羲(xi)氏(shi)乃(nai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)棘幣，據(ju)史載(zai)，伏羲(xi)氏(shi)聚天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銅以鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣，今日所(suo)(suo)見(jian)古錢(qian)，凡文(wen)字與(yu)骨甲(jia)刻字相(xiang)同者，皆系此時(shi)所(suo)(suo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也。

此后，錢(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)用(yong)深(shen)人民間(jian)(jian)，各代(dai)帝(di)(di)(di)王(wang)無(wu)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)要政。神農時(shi)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)尤多，惟式樣(yang)仍(reng)系鐘形，文字仍(reng)用(yong)刀(dao)刻(ke)，與伏羲氏所制者殆無(wu)少異(yi)。至(zhi)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)時(shi)，對于鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)努力，據史載，黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)柏高為(wei)(wei)(wei)壙師，煉(lian)銅鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣。又載，黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)開首山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)礦以(yi)(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣。故三(san)代(dai)以(yi)(yi)前(qian)，以(yi)(yi)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)最久(jiu)，而所鑄(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)幣亦(yi)獨多也(ye)。按(an)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)所鑄(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)幣，多數仍(reng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鏟(chan)式，但間(jian)(jian)有刀(dao)形者，字體則(ze)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)刀(dao)刻(ke)，間(jian)(jian)有漆書者。堯舜雖亦(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣，但均(jun)系拯救饑溺(ni)，偶爾舉行，式樣(yang)文字與前(qian)相同，并無(wu)變異(yi)。

至夏(xia)(xia)時，所(suo)鑄雖亦(yi)為鏟(chan)形，但全(quan)為漆書(shu)，并無刀刻字(zi)體者。總(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，自有(you)幣(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)，以迄夏(xia)(xia)初所(suo)通用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)，完全(quan)均為鏟(chan)形。伏羲氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)棘幣(bi)，絕非(fei)(fei)伏羲氏時所(suo)通行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)。其他葛天氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圓形幣(bi)，既系圓孔，亦(yi)定(ding)非(fei)(fei)通行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)。至黃帝時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)金刀幣(bi)，亦(yi)非(fei)(fei)通行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)，是可知(zhi)在三代以前，各(ge)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)雖大小文字(zi)問有(you)不同(tong)，其為鏟(chan)形則一也(ye)。

至(zhi)商(shang)之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，除仍(reng)鑄幣(bi)(bi)(bi)外，又兼鑄方(fang)孔圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)周(zhou)之(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，蓋取(qu)天圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地方(fang)之(zhi)義(yi)也(ye)(ye)。而《古泉(quan)匯》竟(jing)謂方(fang)孔之(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)始于伏羲(xi)，實杜論也(ye)(ye)。因(yin)方(fang)孔之(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)其文字均為篆體，伏羲(xi)氏時(shi)(shi)何(he)當有(you)(you)篆字也(ye)(ye)，此(ci)說不攻(gong)自破。及周(zhou)，一切(qie)法商(shang)，但所鑄者，圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)多而鏟(chan)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)少也(ye)(ye)'其字體則大小篆兼有(you)(you)，與夏(xia)略同。至(zhi)景王時(shi)(shi)，更鑄大錢，文曰(yue)“寶貨(huo)”。又鑄刀錢，亦曰(yue)寶貨(huo)，每刀之(zhi)頭(tou)有(you)(you)環一，故幣(bi)(bi)(bi)制有(you)(you)稱(cheng)環法者，蓋即(ji)本此(ci)也(ye)(ye)。

統一

秦(qin)始皇并(bing)滅(mie)六國，統一天(tian)(tian)下，毀(hui)滅(mie)先王，推翻(fan)前制(zhi)，以(yi)便于萬世自為(wei)，因收(shou)得民間之銅(tong)器而(er)改鑄(zhu)重錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，雖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)質如周，而(er)文(wen)則曰(yue)“半兩”，不曰(yue)“寶(bao)貨”矣。及漢，以(yi)秦(qin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)太重，不便于用，遂改鑄(zhu)榆莢(jia)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)之輕(qing)有似榆莢(jia)，隨風(feng)吹動，并(bing)非形似榆莢(jia)也。雖文(wen)仍(reng)曰(yue)“半兩”，而(er)實較秦(qin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)輕(qing)。及呂后為(wei)政，鑄(zhu)八銖之錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。孝文(wen)帝時莢(jia)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)益(yi)(yi)輕(qing)，乃(nai)(nai)改鑄(zhu)四銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，其文(wen)仍(reng)曰(yue)“半兩”，令民自由(you)鑄(zhu)造(zao)。故(gu)吳王劉(liu)濞以(yi)即山鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，富埒(lie)天(tian)(tian)子，鄧(deng)通以(yi)蜀之銅(tong)山鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)財過王者。然錢(qian)(qian)(qian)文(wen)為(wei)“半兩”而(er)無輪廓，故(gu)吳鄧(deng)之錢(qian)(qian)(qian)布滿天(tian)(tian)下。且(qie)縣官可(ke)(ke)以(yi)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，民亦間盜鑄(zhu)，于是錢(qian)(qian)(qian)益(yi)(yi)輕(qing)薄。乃(nai)(nai)令縣官銷半兩錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，更鑄(zhu)三(san)銖，文(wen)如其重。以(yi)三(san)銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)輕(qing)，易奸詐，乃(nai)(nai)更鑄(zhu)五銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，周郭其下，令不可(ke)(ke)摩取(qu)镕焉(yan)。

鑄造

民多奸鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)益多益輕，京(jing)師鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐘官(guan)(guan)(guan)赤(chi)側，一當五賦(fu)，俗所謂紫(zi)紺錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。悉(xi)禁郡國勿(wu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，專(zhuan)令上(shang)林三(san)(san)官(guan)(guan)(guan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，而(er)令天(tian)下非(fei)三(san)(san)官(guan)(guan)(guan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)不(bu)得行使。諸(zhu)郡國所鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)皆(jie)廢(fei)銷之，輸其(qi)銅(tong)入(ru)三(san)(san)官(guan)(guan)(guan)。孝元帝(di)奉承大業(ye)，溫恭(gong)少(shao)欲(yu)，都(dou)(dou)內(nei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)十萬(wan)萬(wan)，水(shui)衡錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二十五萬(wan)萬(wan)，少(shao)府(fu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)十八萬(wan)萬(wan)，都(dou)(dou)內(nei)、水(shui)衡、少(shao)府(fu)即三(san)(san)官(guan)(guan)(guan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，皆(jie)天(tian)子之私藏也(ye)。

孝武(wu)帝更鑄(zhu)行三(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。王莽(mang)居攝，變漢制(zhi)，更鑄(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，徑(jing)一寸二(er)(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，重十(shi)二(er)(er)銖(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)十(shi)”。又(you)造(zao)契(qi)刀(dao)、錯(cuo)刀(dao)，其(qi)環如(ru)大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，身形如(ru)刀(dao)，長二(er)(er)寸，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“契(qi)刀(dao)五(wu)百”，錯(cuo)刀(dao)以黃金錯(cuo)，其(qi)文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“一刀(dao)值五(wu)千”，與五(wu)銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)凡四品并行于(yu)世。莽(mang)纂位，忌惡劉氏，以錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)文(wen)(wen)有金刀(dao)，故乃罷(ba)錯(cuo)刀(dao)、契(qi)刀(dao)及(ji)五(wu)銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，而更作金錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、龜貝、錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)之品，名曰(yue)“寶(bao)貨(huo)(huo)”。小(xiao)(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)徑(jing)六分(fen)(fen)(fen)，重一銖(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“小(xiao)(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)值一”；次徑(jing)七(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，重三(san)(san)銖(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)：“么(me)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一十(shi)”；又(you)次徑(jing)八分(fen)(fen)(fen)，重五(wu)銖(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“幼(you)(you)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)十(shi)”；又(you)次徑(jing)九(jiu)(jiu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，重七(qi)(qi)銖(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“中錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)十(shi)”；又(you)次徑(jing)一寸，重九(jiu)(jiu)銖(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“壯(zhuang)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四十(shi)”；及(ji)十(shi)二(er)(er)銖(zhu)之大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。是為錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)貨(huo)(huo)六品，其(qi)值各如(ru)其(qi)文(wen)(wen)。又(you)鑄(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、次布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、弟布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、壯(zhuang)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、中布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、差布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、厚布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、幼(you)(you)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、么(me)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、小(xiao)(xiao)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。小(xiao)(xiao)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)長一寸五(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，重十(shi)五(wu)銖(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“小(xiao)(xiao)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一百”。

自小布以上(shang)，各相長(chang)一(yi)分，相重(zhong)一(yi)銖(zhu)，文名為(wei)其布名，值各加(jia)一(yi)百。上(shang)至大(da)(da)布，長(chang)二寸(cun)四(si)分，重(zhong)一(yi)兩，而值千錢(qian)(qian)(qian)矣。是為(wei)布十品(pin)，皆(jie)為(wei)銅(tong)鑄，遂廢(fei)漢之(zhi)(zhi)五銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。東漢馬(ma)援為(wei)虎賁中郎(lang)將(jiang)，親對光武申述(shu)，求復五銖(zhu)，乃從(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)，遂鑄五銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。后(hou)漢公孫(sun)述(shu)廢(fei)銅(tong)，置鐵官錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。及董卓為(wei)逆(ni)，壞五銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，更鑄小錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，而無(wu)輪(lun)郭。悉取(qu)洛(luo)陽、西安之(zhi)(zhi)銅(tong)人，鐘虛(xu)銅(tong)馬(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)屬充鑄焉。孫(sun)權嘉平五年，鑄大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，一(yi)當(dang)五百。赤烏元年'又(you)鑄當(dang)千錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。晉元帝過江(jiang)，用孫(sun)氏(shi)舊錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，輕重(zhong)雜行，大(da)(da)者(zhe)謂之(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)輪(lun)，中者(zhe)謂之(zhi)(zhi)四(si)文。吳(wu)興(xing)沈(shen)充又(you)鑄小錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，謂之(zhi)(zhi)沈(shen)郎(lang)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。

宋代

至六(liu)朝，宋元祖即位，鑄(zhu)二(er)(er)銖錢(qian)，形式轉細。官錢(qian)每(mei)出，民間即模(mo)效私(si)鑄(zhu)，而(er)大小厚薄皆(jie)不(bu)及(ji)。太宗明帝景和元年春(chun)，鑄(zhu)二(er)(er)銖錢(qian)。民益私(si)鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)，由是千錢(qian)長不(bu)盈(ying)三寸，謂之(zhi)(zhi)鵝眼錢(qian)。劣(lie)于此者謂之(zhi)(zhi)綖環，貫之(zhi)(zhi)以縷，入水不(bu)沉，隨(sui)手破碎，市井不(bu)欲流行，數十萬錢(qian)不(bu)盈(ying)一掬。十一月乃罷二(er)(er)銖錢(qian)，禁(jin)鵝眼、綖環等錢(qian)，余皆(jie)用之(zhi)(zhi)。

梁敬(jing)帝太平二年四月，鑄(zhu)四柱錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，一準二十(shi)(shi)(shi)，后(hou)又改(gai)曰“柱錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一準十(shi)(shi)(shi)”。南史曹武在雍州(zhou)(zhou)致見(jian)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七千萬(wan)(wan)，皆為(wei)厚(hou)輪(lun)大(da)(da)(da)廓。魏(wei)所用之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，民(min)多私鑄(zhu)，日就薄小，乃至風飄水浮。楊(yang)侃鎮雍州(zhou)(zhou)，聽(ting)民(min)與官共鑄(zhu)五銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，復(fu)上書申請之(zhi)。孝(xiao)莊(zhuang)帝從之(zhi)。乃鑄(zhu)五銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，并(bing)古錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，不限大(da)(da)(da)小，悉聽(ting)行(xing)之(zhi)。雞眼、環(huan)依律(lv)而(er)禁，并(bing)以(yi)(yi)京(jing)都銅像(xiang)毀以(yi)(yi)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，世號曰“河陽(yang)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)”。周武帝更(geng)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，文曰“布泉(quan)”，以(yi)(yi)一當五，與五銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)并(bing)行(xing)。更(geng)鑄(zhu)五行(xing)大(da)(da)(da)布錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)(yi)一當十(shi)(shi)(shi)，與布泉(quan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)并(bing)行(xing)。至宣武帝大(da)(da)(da)象元年十(shi)(shi)(shi)一月，鑄(zhu)永通萬(wan)(wan)國錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)(yi)一當十(shi)(shi)(shi)，與五行(xing)大(da)(da)(da)布錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)并(bing)行(xing)。

發展

隋時(shi)(shi)，巨奸大猾遂多私鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)，益薄惡(e)。初每千猶重(zhong)(zhong)二斤(jin)(jin)，后漸輕至(zhi)一斤(jin)(jin)，或剪鐵繅裁(cai)皮(pi)糊紙以為(wei)錢(qian)，相雜用之。唐時(shi)(shi)之江(jiang)淮錢(qian)尤濫惡(e)，有官(guan)爐(lu)、偏爐(lu)、積錢(qian)、時(shi)(shi)錢(qian)數色。高祖武德初鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)開通錢(qian)，仰篆隸八分體，十文重(zhong)(zhong)一兩，為(wei)開通元(yuan)寶(bao)。第五(wu)琦請鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)乾元(yuan)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)錢(qian)，以一代(dai)十。既當國，又鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)規錢(qian)五(wu)十。及史思明僭號，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)順(shun)天得一錢(qian)。宋太宗改(gai)元(yuan)為(wei)太平興國，更鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)太平通寶(bao)。淳化后改(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，又親書淳化元(yuan)寶(bao)，作真行(xing)草三(san)體。后改(gai)元(yuan)更鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，皆曰(yue)元(yuan)寶(bao)。復而冠以年號，至(zhi)是改(gai)元(yuan)，則曰(yue)宋通元(yuan)寶(bao)。

太宗(zong)(zong)(zong)皇帝大觀元(yuan)(yuan)年，首(shou)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)御書當(dang)十(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)京(jing)畿瀘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)復鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)烏(wu)背(bei)瀘銅(tong)(tong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，詔以(yi)剪銅(tong)(tong)式，頒行(xing)諸州。前世鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)未有(you)草書者(zhe)，始(shi)以(yi)宸翰(han)為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，既成，以(yi)賜近(jin)臣。蜀人更(geng)私(si)為鐵錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，仁(ren)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)特命以(yi)皇宋(song)通寶為文。慶歷以(yi)后，冠以(yi)年號，如(ru)舊神宗(zong)(zong)(zong)熙寧六年十(shi)月行(xing)折二(er)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。高宗(zong)(zong)(zong)更(geng)毀民(min)私(si)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毛(mao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。南宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季，中(zhong)國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北部為遼(liao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)所占據者(zhe)多年，因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遼(liao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)流人中(zhong)國者(zhe)甚多，且(qie)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造均(jun)極(ji)精(jing)良如(ru)遼(liao)太祖耶(ye)律阿保機所鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夭顯錢(qian)(qian)(qian)、天贊錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，形式文字(zi)(zi)均(jun)極(ji)精(jing)妙(miao)，金(jin)(jin)(jin)海陵王(wang)所鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正隆錢(qian)(qian)(qian)、世宗(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大定錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，亦均(jun)佳美。《金(jin)(jin)(jin)史》謂(wei)其中(zhong)有(you)銀，或不虛也(ye)。元(yuan)(yuan)朝入(ru)主中(zhong)國，改鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)前各代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)體式均(jun)小．不受人民(min)歡迎，遂漸(jian)淘(tao)汰。惟至元(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末，國用不給(gei)，創行(xing)權鈔，即(ji)于(yu)銅(tong)(tong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右，書明權鈔二(er)字(zi)(zi)，其左方書明幾兩幾分(fen)字(zi)(zi)樣，即(ji)此一枚銅(tong)(tong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，權作銀若干(gan)，亦即(ji)當(dang)十(shi)當(dang)百之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同意也(ye)。