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簡介

宋(song)元通(tong)寶是(shi)宋(song)代的(de)第一種鑄錢(qian)(qian)，鑄于(yu)(yu)(yu)宋(song)太(tai)(tai)祖建隆(long)元年960年，錢(qian)(qian)式(shi)沿(yan)襲“周元通(tong)寶”成規，為小(xiao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)錢(qian)(qian)。錢(qian)(qian)文(wen)對讀，是(shi)國(guo)號加寶文(wen)的(de)國(guo)號錢(qian)(qian)。后宋(song)太(tai)(tai)祖傳位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)弟宋(song)太(tai)(tai)宗趙光義即位(wei)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)興國(guo)年間（976年—983年）年鑄“太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)通(tong)寶”錢(qian)(qian)，錢(qian)(qian)式(shi)同“宋(song)元通(tong)寶”。

當時四川及福建出(chu)(chu)鐵錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。福建所出(chu)(chu)鐵錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，背(bei)郭清晰，鑄(zhu)工頗(po)精，大(da)(da)受歡迎，于是又(you)推出(chu)(chu)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)直徑(jing)4.2厘米(mi)的當十大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，書法鑄(zhu)工均不錯，背(bei)穿上有一(yi)個圓點，可能是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)紀念錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，現存世(shi)不多。這兩種(zhong)(zhong)“太平通寶”都為(wei)五代風格，而(er)鑄(zhu)工精整，深厚(hou)淳(chun)樸可比開元(yuan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。

宋元通寶(bao)為宋開(kai)國錢(qian)。錢(qian)文仿八分書，形制仿唐開(kai)元。有(you)銅(tong)、鐵兩(liang)種(zhong)，鐵錢(qian)十當銅(tong)錢(qian)一(yi)。宋元通寶(bao)版(ban)別較多，除背有(you)星、直、日(ri)、月、上菱(ling)紋(wen)外，常見的主要有(you)：大字(zi)、長通、狹(xia)通、小字(zi)闊(kuo)緣等。較為少見的有(you)：大字(zi)右挑元、接(jie)郭、開(kai)元版(ban)低頭通、鐵母狹(xia)宋、闊(kuo)宋昂寶(bao)、折(zhe)二樣(yang)等。

外型

外圓(yuan)內(nei)方(fang)，錢(qian)文仿八分書，形制仿唐開(kai)元。有銅、鐵兩種，背有星、月紋等，鐵錢(qian)十當銅錢(qian)一。

源流

原意

錢(qian)本農器(qi)(qi)，其(qi)(qi)狀類鏟，用以劃地(di)除草者。生(sheng)民之(zhi)初，人各自(zi)給自(zi)足，無所謂交易(yi)，更無所謂過籌，偶有所需(xu)，即(ji)(ji)以農器(qi)(qi)為交易(yi)之(zhi)媒。是農器(qi)(qi)者，即(ji)(ji)當(dang)時所用之(zhi)過籌，亦即(ji)(ji)今(jin)日之(zhi)所謂幣也。以后，因(yin)交易(yi)之(zhi)增繁，漸致農器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)不足以應用，遂象其(qi)(qi)形而制(zhi)物以代之(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)形狀及用途均與(yu)農器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)錢(qian)等，故仍(reng)名之(zhi)曰錢(qian)，此(ci)通籌之(zhi)所以名錢(qian)者以此(ci)。

記載

至(zhi)其(qi)肇始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年代，現(xian)已(yi)無(wu)(wu)法(fa)確(que)考(kao)。但(dan)據《管子》載，稱錢(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)興蓋自燧人氏(shi)(shi)以(yi)輕重為天下利，至(zhi)黃帝時(shi)，其(qi)法(fa)寢(qin)備，則《紀原(yuan)》謂始(shi)于帝堯遭大水而始(shi)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)者(zhe)非(fei)，此說(shuo)似屬近理。蓋雖非(fei)始(shi)自燧人氏(shi)(shi)，其(qi)相去亦(yi)不遠也(ye)。據后(hou)世多數考(kao)古家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)考(kao)證，在(zai)出土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)古錢(qian)中(zhong)，有一種鏟(chan)幣(bi)與(yu)(yu)黃帝后(hou)任何時(shi)期之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)幣(bi)不同(tong)，糟朽已(yi)達極點，握手即行粉碎，其(qi)花紋字(zi)體(ti)與(yu)(yu)五帝三代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器無(wu)(wu)一相同(tong)，是或即燧人氏(shi)(shi)最初所(suo)(suo)鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)歟(yu)?至(zhi)伏羲(xi)氏(shi)(shi)乃鑄(zhu)棘(ji)幣(bi)，據史(shi)載，伏羲(xi)氏(shi)(shi)聚天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銅以(yi)鑄(zhu)幣(bi)，今日所(suo)(suo)見古錢(qian)，凡文字(zi)與(yu)(yu)骨甲刻字(zi)相同(tong)者(zhe)，皆系此時(shi)所(suo)(suo)鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)。

此(ci)后(hou)，錢之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)用深人民間(jian)，各(ge)代帝(di)(di)(di)王(wang)無不以鑄(zhu)錢為(wei)(wei)要政(zheng)。神農時(shi)，鑄(zhu)錢尤(you)多(duo)(duo)，惟式(shi)樣仍(reng)(reng)系(xi)鐘形，文(wen)字仍(reng)(reng)用刀刻(ke)，與伏羲氏所(suo)制者(zhe)殆(dai)無少(shao)異。至黃帝(di)(di)(di)時(shi)，對于鑄(zhu)幣(bi)尤(you)為(wei)(wei)努力，據史載，黃帝(di)(di)(di)以柏高為(wei)(wei)壙師，煉銅鑄(zhu)幣(bi)。又載，黃帝(di)(di)(di)開(kai)首山(shan)之(zhi)礦以鑄(zhu)幣(bi)。故三代以前，以黃帝(di)(di)(di)鑄(zhu)幣(bi)之(zhi)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)最久，而所(suo)鑄(zhu)之(zhi)幣(bi)亦獨(du)多(duo)(duo)也。按黃帝(di)(di)(di)所(suo)鑄(zhu)之(zhi)幣(bi)，多(duo)(duo)數仍(reng)(reng)為(wei)(wei)鏟(chan)式(shi)，但間(jian)有刀形者(zhe)，字體則多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)刀刻(ke)，間(jian)有漆書者(zhe)。堯舜雖(sui)亦鑄(zhu)幣(bi)，但均系(xi)拯救(jiu)饑溺，偶爾舉行，式(shi)樣文(wen)字與前相同，并無變異。

至(zhi)夏時，所鑄(zhu)雖(sui)亦為鏟形，但全為漆書(shu)，并無刀(dao)刻字體者(zhe)。總之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，自(zi)有幣(bi)(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始，以迄(qi)夏初所通(tong)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，完全均為鏟形。伏羲氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)棘幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，絕(jue)非(fei)伏羲氏(shi)時所通(tong)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)。其他(ta)葛(ge)天氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圓形幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，既系圓孔，亦定非(fei)通(tong)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)。至(zhi)黃帝時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)金(jin)刀(dao)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，亦非(fei)通(tong)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，是可(ke)知(zhi)在(zai)三代(dai)以前，各代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)雖(sui)大小(xiao)文字問有不同(tong)，其為鏟形則一(yi)也。

至商之時，除仍鑄(zhu)幣(bi)外，又(you)兼(jian)鑄(zhu)方孔圓周之幣(bi)，蓋(gai)取天圓地方之義也(ye)(ye)。而《古泉匯》竟(jing)謂(wei)方孔之幣(bi)始于伏羲(xi)，實杜論也(ye)(ye)。因方孔之幣(bi)其文字(zi)均為篆(zhuan)體，伏羲(xi)氏時何當有(you)(you)篆(zhuan)字(zi)也(ye)(ye)，此說(shuo)不攻自破(po)。及周，一切法商，但所鑄(zhu)者(zhe)，圓幣(bi)多而鏟幣(bi)少也(ye)(ye)'其字(zi)體則大(da)(da)小篆(zhuan)兼(jian)有(you)(you)，與夏略同。至景王時，更(geng)鑄(zhu)大(da)(da)錢，文曰“寶貨(huo)”。又(you)鑄(zhu)刀錢，亦曰寶貨(huo)，每刀之頭有(you)(you)環一，故幣(bi)制有(you)(you)稱環法者(zhe)，蓋(gai)即(ji)本此也(ye)(ye)。

統一

秦始皇并滅(mie)六國，統(tong)一天(tian)下，毀滅(mie)先王(wang)，推翻(fan)前(qian)制，以(yi)(yi)便(bian)于(yu)萬世自為(wei)(wei)，因收(shou)得(de)民間之(zhi)銅器而(er)改鑄(zhu)(zhu)重錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，雖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)質如(ru)周(zhou)，而(er)文(wen)則曰(yue)“半兩(liang)”，不曰(yue)“寶貨”矣。及(ji)漢，以(yi)(yi)秦錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)太重，不便(bian)于(yu)用(yong)，遂改鑄(zhu)(zhu)榆莢(jia)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)輕(qing)有似(si)(si)榆莢(jia)，隨(sui)風吹動，并非形(xing)似(si)(si)榆莢(jia)也。雖文(wen)仍曰(yue)“半兩(liang)”，而(er)實較秦錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)輕(qing)。及(ji)呂后(hou)為(wei)(wei)政，鑄(zhu)(zhu)八銖(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。孝文(wen)帝時莢(jia)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)益輕(qing)，乃改鑄(zhu)(zhu)四銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，其(qi)文(wen)仍曰(yue)“半兩(liang)”，令(ling)(ling)民自由鑄(zhu)(zhu)造。故吳(wu)王(wang)劉濞以(yi)(yi)即山(shan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，富(fu)埒天(tian)子，鄧(deng)通以(yi)(yi)蜀之(zhi)銅山(shan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)財(cai)過(guo)王(wang)者。然(ran)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)文(wen)為(wei)(wei)“半兩(liang)”而(er)無輪廓，故吳(wu)鄧(deng)之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)布滿天(tian)下。且縣(xian)官可以(yi)(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，民亦(yi)間盜鑄(zhu)(zhu)，于(yu)是錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)益輕(qing)薄。乃令(ling)(ling)縣(xian)官銷半兩(liang)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，更鑄(zhu)(zhu)三銖(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)如(ru)其(qi)重。以(yi)(yi)三銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)輕(qing)，易奸詐，乃更鑄(zhu)(zhu)五銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，周(zhou)郭其(qi)下，令(ling)(ling)不可摩取(qu)镕(rong)焉。

鑄造

民多奸鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)益多益輕，京師鑄(zhu)鐘官(guan)赤側，一當五(wu)賦(fu)，俗所謂(wei)紫(zi)紺(gan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。悉(xi)禁(jin)郡(jun)國勿(wu)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，專(zhuan)令(ling)(ling)上林三(san)官(guan)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，而令(ling)(ling)天下非三(san)官(guan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)不得行使。諸郡(jun)國所鑄(zhu)之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)皆(jie)廢銷之(zhi)，輸其銅入三(san)官(guan)。孝(xiao)元(yuan)帝奉(feng)承大業，溫恭少(shao)欲，都(dou)內(nei)(nei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四十(shi)萬(wan)萬(wan)，水衡(heng)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)十(shi)五(wu)萬(wan)萬(wan)，少(shao)府(fu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)十(shi)八萬(wan)萬(wan)，都(dou)內(nei)(nei)、水衡(heng)、少(shao)府(fu)即三(san)官(guan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，皆(jie)天子之(zhi)私藏也(ye)。

孝武帝更(geng)(geng)(geng)鑄行(xing)三(san)分(fen)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。王莽居攝，變漢制，更(geng)(geng)(geng)鑄大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，徑(jing)一(yi)寸(cun)二分(fen)，重十(shi)二銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)十(shi)”。又(you)(you)(you)造契(qi)刀、錯(cuo)(cuo)刀，其環如(ru)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，身形如(ru)刀，長二寸(cun)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“契(qi)刀五(wu)百(bai)”，錯(cuo)(cuo)刀以黃(huang)金錯(cuo)(cuo)，其文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“一(yi)刀值五(wu)千”，與五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)凡(fan)四品(pin)并行(xing)于世(shi)。莽纂位，忌惡劉氏(shi)，以錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)有金刀，故乃(nai)罷錯(cuo)(cuo)刀、契(qi)刀及五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，而更(geng)(geng)(geng)作金錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、龜貝、錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)布(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)，名曰(yue)(yue)“寶貨”。小(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)徑(jing)六(liu)分(fen)，重一(yi)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“小(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)值一(yi)”；次徑(jing)七(qi)(qi)分(fen)，重三(san)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)：“么錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)十(shi)”；又(you)(you)(you)次徑(jing)八分(fen)，重五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“幼錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二十(shi)”；又(you)(you)(you)次徑(jing)九分(fen)，重七(qi)(qi)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“中錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)十(shi)”；又(you)(you)(you)次徑(jing)一(yi)寸(cun)，重九銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“壯錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四十(shi)”；及十(shi)二銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。是為錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)貨六(liu)品(pin)，其值各如(ru)其文(wen)(wen)(wen)。又(you)(you)(you)鑄大(da)布(bu)(bu)(bu)、次布(bu)(bu)(bu)、弟布(bu)(bu)(bu)、壯布(bu)(bu)(bu)、中布(bu)(bu)(bu)、差布(bu)(bu)(bu)、厚布(bu)(bu)(bu)、幼布(bu)(bu)(bu)、么布(bu)(bu)(bu)、小(xiao)布(bu)(bu)(bu)。小(xiao)布(bu)(bu)(bu)長一(yi)寸(cun)五(wu)分(fen)，重十(shi)五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“小(xiao)布(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)百(bai)”。

自小(xiao)布(bu)(bu)以上，各相長一分(fen)(fen)，相重(zhong)一銖，文名為(wei)其布(bu)(bu)名，值各加一百。上至大布(bu)(bu)，長二寸四分(fen)(fen)，重(zhong)一兩，而值千錢(qian)(qian)矣。是(shi)為(wei)布(bu)(bu)十品(pin)，皆為(wei)銅(tong)鑄(zhu)，遂廢漢之(zhi)五銖錢(qian)(qian)。東(dong)漢馬援為(wei)虎賁中郎(lang)將，親對光武(wu)申述，求復五銖，乃從之(zhi)，遂鑄(zhu)五銖錢(qian)(qian)。后漢公孫(sun)述廢銅(tong)，置鐵官錢(qian)(qian)。及董卓為(wei)逆，壞五銖錢(qian)(qian)，更(geng)鑄(zhu)小(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)，而無輪郭。悉(xi)取洛(luo)陽、西安之(zhi)銅(tong)人，鐘虛銅(tong)馬之(zhi)屬充(chong)鑄(zhu)焉。孫(sun)權嘉(jia)平(ping)五年(nian)，鑄(zhu)大錢(qian)(qian)，一當(dang)五百。赤烏元(yuan)年(nian)'又鑄(zhu)當(dang)千錢(qian)(qian)。晉(jin)元(yuan)帝過江，用孫(sun)氏舊錢(qian)(qian)，輕重(zhong)雜(za)行，大者(zhe)謂之(zhi)比輪，中者(zhe)謂之(zhi)四文。吳興沈(shen)(shen)充(chong)又鑄(zhu)小(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)，謂之(zhi)沈(shen)(shen)郎(lang)錢(qian)(qian)。

宋代

至六朝，宋元(yuan)祖即位，鑄(zhu)二銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，形式轉(zhuan)細(xi)。官錢(qian)(qian)每出，民間即模效私鑄(zhu)，而大小厚薄皆不及(ji)。太宗(zong)明帝景和元(yuan)年春(chun)，鑄(zhu)二銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)。民益私鑄(zhu)之，由是千錢(qian)(qian)長不盈(ying)三寸，謂(wei)之鵝眼錢(qian)(qian)。劣于此者謂(wei)之綖環(huan)，貫之以縷，入水不沉(chen)，隨手破碎，市井不欲流行，數十(shi)萬錢(qian)(qian)不盈(ying)一掬。十(shi)一月乃罷二銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，禁鵝眼、綖環(huan)等錢(qian)(qian)，余皆用之。

梁敬帝(di)太平(ping)二年(nian)四月，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)四柱(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，一(yi)準二十(shi)(shi)，后又(you)改曰“柱(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)一(yi)準十(shi)(shi)”。南史曹武(wu)在雍(yong)州致見錢(qian)(qian)七千萬，皆為厚輪大廓。魏所用之(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)，民(min)多(duo)私鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，日就薄小(xiao)(xiao)，乃(nai)至(zhi)(zhi)風飄水浮。楊侃鎮雍(yong)州，聽民(min)與(yu)官共(gong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，復上書申(shen)請之(zhi)(zhi)。孝莊帝(di)從之(zhi)(zhi)。乃(nai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，并(bing)古錢(qian)(qian)，不(bu)限(xian)大小(xiao)(xiao)，悉聽行之(zhi)(zhi)。雞眼、環依律而(er)禁，并(bing)以(yi)京都銅像毀(hui)以(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，世號(hao)曰“河(he)陽錢(qian)(qian)”。周武(wu)帝(di)更(geng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，文曰“布(bu)泉”，以(yi)一(yi)當(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)，與(yu)五(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)并(bing)行。更(geng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)(wu)行大布(bu)錢(qian)(qian)，以(yi)一(yi)當(dang)(dang)十(shi)(shi)，與(yu)布(bu)泉錢(qian)(qian)并(bing)行。至(zhi)(zhi)宣武(wu)帝(di)大象元年(nian)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)永通萬國錢(qian)(qian)，以(yi)一(yi)當(dang)(dang)十(shi)(shi)，與(yu)五(wu)(wu)行大布(bu)錢(qian)(qian)并(bing)行。

發展

隋時，巨(ju)奸大猾(hua)遂(sui)多私鑄錢(qian)(qian)，益薄惡。初(chu)每千猶重二(er)斤(jin)，后漸輕至(zhi)一斤(jin)，或剪鐵繅裁皮糊紙以為(wei)(wei)錢(qian)(qian)，相雜用之。唐時之江淮錢(qian)(qian)尤濫惡，有(you)官爐、偏爐、積錢(qian)(qian)、時錢(qian)(qian)數色。高祖武德(de)初(chu)鑄開通(tong)錢(qian)(qian)，仰篆隸八分體(ti)，十文重一兩，為(wei)(wei)開通(tong)元寶(bao)(bao)。第五琦請鑄乾元重寶(bao)(bao)錢(qian)(qian)，以一代十。既當國，又(you)(you)鑄重規錢(qian)(qian)五十。及史思明僭(jian)號(hao)，鑄順天(tian)得(de)一錢(qian)(qian)。宋(song)(song)太(tai)(tai)宗改(gai)元為(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)興國，更鑄太(tai)(tai)平(ping)通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)。淳(chun)化(hua)(hua)后改(gai)鑄，又(you)(you)親書淳(chun)化(hua)(hua)元寶(bao)(bao)，作真行草三體(ti)。后改(gai)元更鑄，皆(jie)曰元寶(bao)(bao)。復而冠以年號(hao)，至(zhi)是改(gai)元，則曰宋(song)(song)通(tong)元寶(bao)(bao)。

太宗(zong)(zong)皇帝大(da)觀元年(nian)，首鑄(zhu)御書(shu)(shu)當十錢(qian)(qian)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)京(jing)畿瀘(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)復鑄(zhu)烏背瀘(lu)銅錢(qian)(qian)，詔以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)剪(jian)銅式，頒(ban)行(xing)諸(zhu)州。前(qian)世(shi)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)未有草書(shu)(shu)者，始以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宸翰為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，既成(cheng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)賜近臣。蜀人(ren)更私為鐵錢(qian)(qian)，仁宗(zong)(zong)特命以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皇宋(song)通寶為文(wen)(wen)。慶歷以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)，冠以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)號，如舊(jiu)神(shen)宗(zong)(zong)熙(xi)寧六年(nian)十月行(xing)折(zhe)二(er)錢(qian)(qian)。高宗(zong)(zong)更毀(hui)民(min)私鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毛(mao)錢(qian)(qian)。南宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季，中(zhong)國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北部為遼(liao)(liao)金所(suo)占據者多年(nian)，因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遼(liao)(liao)金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)流人(ren)中(zhong)國者甚多，且鑄(zhu)造均極精良(liang)如遼(liao)(liao)太祖(zu)耶律阿保(bao)機所(suo)鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夭(yao)顯錢(qian)(qian)、天贊錢(qian)(qian)，形式文(wen)(wen)字(zi)均極精妙，金海陵王所(suo)鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正隆(long)錢(qian)(qian)、世(shi)宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)定(ding)錢(qian)(qian)，亦(yi)均佳美。《金史(shi)》謂其中(zhong)有銀(yin)，或不(bu)(bu)虛(xu)也。元朝入主中(zhong)國，改(gai)鑄(zhu)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)各代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)體式均小．不(bu)(bu)受人(ren)民(min)歡迎，遂(sui)漸淘汰。惟(wei)至元之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末，國用不(bu)(bu)給(gei)，創行(xing)權鈔，即(ji)于銅錢(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右，書(shu)(shu)明權鈔二(er)字(zi)，其左方書(shu)(shu)明幾兩幾分字(zi)樣，即(ji)此(ci)一枚(mei)銅錢(qian)(qian)，權作銀(yin)若(ruo)干，亦(yi)即(ji)當十當百(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)意也。