長(chang)白(bai)(bai)石,又(you)稱(cheng)長(chang)白(bai)(bai)玉(yu)、馬(ma)鹿玉(yu),也(ye)稱(cheng)長(chang)白(bai)(bai)五彩石,產于(yu)吉(ji)林省(sheng)長(chang)白(bai)(bai)縣馬(ma)鹿溝一帶(dai)。該石石質細膩致密,溫潤潔凈,堅而不頑;顏色有綠、黃、青(qing)、藍、深褐、紫紅、灰白(bai)(bai)等;紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)理自然流(liu)暢,各色混生形成(cheng)卷紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、流(liu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、蟒紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、龜紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、流(liu)霞(xia)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)等;光澤(ze)度好,多為微透明(ming)至(zhi)半透明(ming),少數透明(ming);折(zhe)射率約1.56~1.60;摩氏硬(ying)度約2~2.5度,斷口呈(cheng)貝(bei)殼狀,密度約為2.0~2.8。
長白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主要(yao)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)于距今1.3億多年(nian)前,由火山碎屑物(wu)質(zhi)沉積(ji)、交代而(er)成(cheng)(cheng),其主要(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)分有(you)葉蠟石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、高(gao)(gao)嶺石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、地(di)開石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)。有(you)的(de)長白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因局(ju)(ju)部硅化(hua)(hua)或(huo)含石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)"石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)釘(ding)",或(huo)含金屬礦物(wu)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)"鐵(tie)釘(ding)",而(er)局(ju)(ju)部受綠(lv)泥石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)、絹云母化(hua)(hua)、高(gao)(gao)嶺石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)者(zhe)則導致質(zhi)地(di)變軟,均有(you)損于長白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)質(zhi)量。優質(zhi)長白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)地(di)脂潤,色彩俊(jun)俏,紋(wen)飾秀麗(li),柔而(er)易攻,尤以質(zhi)地(di)純凈(jing)透明度高(gao)(gao)者(zhe)(凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))為(wei)佳。長白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俏色分明,色彩對比強烈,是(shi)常(chang)用于印(yin)章(zhang)和雕(diao)刻的(de)理(li)想石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料,又稱"印(yin)章(zhang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)",亦(yi)可用來雕(diao)制工藝品。
長(chang)白(bai)石產于吉林省(sheng)白(bai)山市長(chang)白(bai)朝鮮族自治縣馬鹿溝(gou)一帶。
長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)又(you)分(fen)(fen)為地開石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)高(gao)嶺石(shi)(shi)(shi)兩大類(lei)(lei)。地開石(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)凍(dong)(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi),顏(yan)色(se)俊俏,花(hua)紋(wen)奇特而(er)美麗,是(shi)目(mu)(mu)前僅(jin)有(you)的(de)(de)一(yi)類(lei)(lei)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種,珍(zhen)貴(gui)無比,其中偶有(you)透明的(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)體石(shi)(shi)(shi),多呈灰藍諸色(se),但質材較(jiao)小(xiao),一(yi)側偶有(you)小(xiao)米粒大小(xiao)的(de)(de)鋁質結晶(jing)(jing)沉(chen)積分(fen)(fen)布;無花(hua)紋(wen)者瑩潤細(xi)膩,顏(yan)色(se)純正。高(gao)嶺石(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)彩(cai)色(se)印(yin)石(shi)(shi)(shi),花(hua)色(se)繁多,紋(wen)理多樣,構(gou)成了長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)難以數記的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種。目(mu)(mu)前能叫出名字的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)逾百(bai)種,各具特色(se),且(qie)以透明的(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)半(ban)透明的(de)(de)凍(dong)(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)居多,肌理晶(jing)(jing)瑩、堅韌光潔。其名貴(gui)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種有(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)墨、長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)綠(lv)凍(dong)(dong)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)燈光凍(dong)(dong)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)根(gen)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)蘭(lan)、地圖石(shi)(shi)(shi)、翡(fei)翠(cui)花(hua)斑、高(gao)梁(liang)紅等(deng),如蘭(lan)天凍(dong)(dong)、蘭(lan)花(hua)青田、白(bai)(bai)(bai)芙蓉、艾葉綠(lv)、虎(hu)皮(pi)凍(dong)(dong)等(deng)罕見(jian)名品(pin)(pin)(pin)也(ye)有(you)發現。 它是(shi)繼壽山石(shi)(shi)(shi)、青田石(shi)(shi)(shi)之后的(de)(de)新興規模較(jiao)大、品(pin)(pin)(pin)類(lei)(lei)繁多、適(shi)宜做為印(yin)章篆(zhuan)刻、工(gong)藝雕(diao)刻的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)。