長(chang)(chang)白(bai)石(shi),又稱(cheng)長(chang)(chang)白(bai)玉(yu)、馬鹿玉(yu),也稱(cheng)長(chang)(chang)白(bai)五彩石(shi),產于吉林省長(chang)(chang)白(bai)縣馬鹿溝一帶。該石(shi)石(shi)質(zhi)細膩致密,溫(wen)潤潔凈,堅而(er)不頑;顏色有綠、黃、青、藍(lan)、深褐、紫紅(hong)、灰白(bai)等;紋理(li)自然(ran)流暢,各色混生形成(cheng)卷紋、流紋、蟒紋、龜紋、流霞(xia)紋等;光澤(ze)度(du)好,多為微透(tou)明至半透(tou)明,少數透(tou)明;折射率約1.56~1.60;摩氏硬度(du)約2~2.5度(du),斷口呈貝殼狀(zhuang),密度(du)約為2.0~2.8。
長白石(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要形成(cheng)于(yu)距今1.3億(yi)多(duo)年前,由(you)火山碎屑(xie)物質(zhi)(zhi)沉積、交代而成(cheng),其主(zhu)要成(cheng)分有(you)葉蠟(la)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、高嶺石(shi)(shi)(shi)、地開石(shi)(shi)(shi)等。有(you)的(de)(de)長白石(shi)(shi)(shi)因局(ju)部硅化(hua)(hua)或含石(shi)(shi)(shi)英構成(cheng)"石(shi)(shi)(shi)釘",或含金屬礦(kuang)物構成(cheng)"鐵釘",而局(ju)部受綠泥石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)、絹云母化(hua)(hua)、高嶺石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)者則(ze)導致質(zhi)(zhi)地變軟,均有(you)損于(yu)長白石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量。優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)長白石(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)地脂潤,色彩(cai)俊俏,紋飾(shi)秀(xiu)麗,柔而易攻,尤以質(zhi)(zhi)地純(chun)凈(jing)透明度高者(凍石(shi)(shi)(shi))為佳。長白石(shi)(shi)(shi)俏色分明,色彩(cai)對比強(qiang)烈,是常用于(yu)印章和雕刻(ke)的(de)(de)理想石(shi)(shi)(shi)料,又稱"印章石(shi)(shi)(shi)",亦可用來(lai)雕制工藝品。
長(chang)白石產于(yu)吉林省白山市長(chang)白朝鮮族自治縣馬鹿溝一帶。
長(chang)白(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又分(fen)為(wei)地(di)開(kai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和高(gao)嶺石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩大(da)類。地(di)開(kai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)凍(dong)(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),顏色(se)俊俏(qiao),花紋奇特而美麗,是(shi)目前(qian)僅有的(de)(de)一(yi)類品種(zhong),珍貴(gui)無(wu)(wu)比,其中偶有透(tou)明的(de)(de)晶(jing)體(ti)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),多(duo)(duo)(duo)呈灰藍諸色(se),但質(zhi)材較小,一(yi)側偶有小米粒大(da)小的(de)(de)鋁質(zhi)結晶(jing)沉(chen)積分(fen)布(bu);無(wu)(wu)花紋者瑩潤細膩,顏色(se)純正。高(gao)嶺石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)彩色(se)印(yin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),花色(se)繁多(duo)(duo)(duo),紋理(li)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣,構成(cheng)了長(chang)白(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)難(nan)以數記的(de)(de)品種(zhong)。目前(qian)能叫出名字的(de)(de)長(chang)白(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已逾(yu)百種(zhong),各具(ju)特色(se),且以透(tou)明的(de)(de)晶(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和半透(tou)明的(de)(de)凍(dong)(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居多(duo)(duo)(duo),肌理(li)晶(jing)瑩、堅韌光潔。其名貴(gui)品種(zhong)有白(bai)墨、長(chang)白(bai)綠凍(dong)(dong)、長(chang)白(bai)燈光凍(dong)(dong)、長(chang)白(bai)根、長(chang)白(bai)蘭、地(di)圖石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、翡翠花斑、高(gao)梁紅等,如(ru)蘭天凍(dong)(dong)、蘭花青田、白(bai)芙蓉、艾葉(xie)綠、虎皮凍(dong)(dong)等罕(han)見名品也有發現。 它是(shi)繼壽山石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、青田石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)后(hou)的(de)(de)新(xin)興(xing)規模較大(da)、品類繁多(duo)(duo)(duo)、適宜做為(wei)印(yin)章篆(zhuan)刻(ke)(ke)、工藝雕刻(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料。