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戰役背景

1946年1月(yue)(yue)，國民(min)(min)黨政府向東(dong)北(bei)(bei)大量增(zeng)兵，至(zhi)3月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬，其(qi)正規軍已(yi)進入東(dong)北(bei)(bei)6個軍，加上地方(fang)保安部隊(dui)，總兵力共(gong)31萬余人，1企(qi)圖在蘇聯(lian)軍隊(dui)全部撤(che)離后獨占(zhan)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)。4月(yue)(yue)初，國民(min)(min)黨東(dong)北(bei)(bei)行營(ying)主(zhu)任熊式輝、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)保安司令長(chang)官(guan)杜(du)聿(yu)明置3月(yue)(yue)27日國共(gong)雙方(fang)關于(yu)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)停(ting)戰的(de)協(xie)議于(yu)不(bu)顧，集中11個師的(de)兵力，從沈陽地區分南北(bei)(bei)兩個方(fang)向同時向東(dong)北(bei)(bei)民(min)(min)主(zhu)聯(lian)軍發起進攻，企(qi)圖首先奪占(zhan)本溪、鞍山、四平街（今四平市）等(deng)戰略要點，繼(ji)而進占(zhan)長(chang)春、哈爾濱(bin)，以(yi)達占(zhan)領(ling)全東(dong)北(bei)(bei)之目的(de)。

為(wei)阻(zu)止國(guo)民黨軍長(chang)(chang)驅直入，配(pei)合(he)國(guo)共(gong)兩黨談(tan)判(pan)，促進東(dong)(dong)北和(he)(he)全國(guo)和(he)(he)平民主(zhu)的實現，中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央決定力爭控制北滿地(di)區和(he)(he)長(chang)(chang)春(chun)、哈(ha)爾濱兩市(shi)及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)長(chang)(chang)鐵(tie)路(lu)滿洲(zhou)里至綏(sui)芬河段，要求東(dong)(dong)北民主(zhu)聯軍集中(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)力，堅決扼(e)守四平街地(di)區。

據(ju)此(ci)，東北民主聯軍(jun)總司令林彪、政治委(wei)員彭真決心以，部兵力在南滿保衛本(ben)溪，牽(qian)制進攻南滿的(de)國民黨(dang)軍(jun)；以一(yi)部兵力收復被匪偽武裝(zhuang)占據(ju)的(de)長春(chun)、哈(ha)爾濱、齊(qi)齊(qi)哈(ha)爾等地(di)；集中主力于四平街地(di)區阻(zu)止國民黨(dang)軍(jun)北進。

戰役經過

1946年4月(yue)4日，國(guo)民黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)新編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1軍(jun)(jun)(jun)進(jin)(jin)占昌圖，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)71軍(jun)(jun)(jun)（欠第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)88師）攻占法庫(ku)，爾后繼續向(xiang)四平(ping)(ping)(ping)街方向(xiang)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)。東(dong)北(bei)(bei)民主_聯(lian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)以第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2師，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3師（轄(xia)4個(ge)旅(lv)另3個(ge)團(tuan)）和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)7縱隊(dui)等(deng)(deng)(deng)部在昌圖以北(bei)(bei)、四平(ping)(ping)(ping)街以南(nan)地區(qu)實施運動防御，阻敵進(jin)(jin)攻，并力(li)求殲(jian)其一部。8日晚，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2師和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)7縱隊(dui)、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3師主力(li)向(xiang)進(jin)(jin)至四平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡西南(nan)興隆泉(quan)地區(qu)的(de)國(guo)民黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)新編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)38師發(fa)起(qi)反(fan)擊(ji)；第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3師第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)7旅(lv)向(xiang)進(jin)(jin)至朝陽堡(bao)的(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)50師1個(ge)團(tuan)發(fa)起(qi)反(fan)擊(ji)。至9日，共殲(jian)國(guo)民黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)1000余(yu)人(ren)。15日黃昏(hun)，當國(guo)民黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)71軍(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)87師孤軍(jun)(jun)(jun)冒進(jin)(jin)至金山堡(bao)、秦家窩(wo)棚一帶(dai)時，東(dong)北(bei)(bei)民主聯(lian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)集中(zhong)14個(ge)團(tuan)的(de)兵力(li)，將其逐步壓縮(suo)于(yu)大洼以南(nan)金山堡(bao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)10余(yu)個(ge)村落內，激戰至16日晨，殲(jian)其4000余(yu)人(ren)。在此期間，擔負阻援的(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3師第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)10旅(lv)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)28團(tuan)、獨立(li)旅(lv)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3團(tuan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)部，于(yu)金山堡(bao)以南(nan)擊(ji)潰國(guo)民黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)援軍(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)91師一部。

1946年4月(yue)17日(ri)(ri)，國民(min)黨軍新編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1軍和第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)71軍主(zhu)力逼近四平街(jie)以(yi)(yi)東(dong)(dong)、以(yi)(yi)南(nan)地(di)區，東(dong)(dong)北(bei)民(min)主(zhu)聯軍部隊即(ji)轉(zhuan)入(ru)四平市郊實施防御作戰。自18日(ri)(ri)起，新編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1軍以(yi)(yi)新編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)30師(shi)在飛機、坦克的支援下，向四平街(jie)南(nan)郊海方屯、泊羅林子、鴨(ya)湖(hu)泡(pao)等地(di)發起連續進(jin)攻(gong)，遭東(dong)(dong)北(bei)民(min)主(zhu)聯軍第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)7縱隊第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)56團(tuan)和保(bao)安(an)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1團(tuan)的頑強抗(kang)擊(ji)。21日(ri)(ri)，新編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)38師(shi)迂回四平街(jie)西北(bei)郊，進(jin)攻(gong)三(san)道林子北(bei)山，于22日(ri)(ri)一度攻(gong).占保(bao)安(an)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1團(tuan)部分警戒陣地(di)。東(dong)(dong)北(bei)民(min)主(zhu)聯軍組織保(bao)安(an)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1旅(lv)、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)7縱隊、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3師(shi)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)7師(shi)等部采取晝守(shou)夜襲的戰法頑強抗(kang)擊(ji)，對一些主(zhu)要陣地(di)進(jin)行反復爭奪。國民(min)黨軍攻(gong)擊(ji)受挫(cuo)，停滯不前。東(dong)(dong)北(bei)民(min)主(zhu)聯軍為保(bao)障四平街(jie)翼(yi)側安(an)全，逐步向四平街(jie)東(dong)(dong)西兩(liang)側延伸防線，在東(dong)(dong)起火石(shi)嶺、西到(dao)八(ba)面城(cheng)百里戰線上部署了6個師(shi)（旅(lv)）的兵力。27日(ri)(ri)后戰局呈對峙狀態。

1946年4月(yue)(yue)底，國民黨(dang)政(zheng)府主(zhu)(zhu)席蔣介(jie)石(shi)拒絕關(guan)于東(dong)北(bei)(bei)停戰的談判，令(ling)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)國民黨(dang)軍(jun)迅速攻占四(si)(si)平(ping)(ping)街(jie)繼續向(xiang)北(bei)(bei)推進，并將(jiang)第(di)52軍(jun)第(di)195師、新編第(di)6軍(jun)和第(di)71軍(jun)第(di)88師由(you)南滿北(bei)(bei)調(diao)增(zeng)援四(si)(si)平(ping)(ping)街(jie)。至(zhi)(zhi)此‘，國民黨(dang)軍(jun)進攻四(si)(si)平(ping)(ping)街(jie)的兵力(li)已增(zeng)加到10個(ge)師。東(dong)北(bei)(bei)民主(zhu)(zhu)聯軍(jun)總部(bu)為抗擊國民黨(dang)軍(jun)新的進攻，于5月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)令(ling)第(di)3縱隊主(zhu)(zhu)力(li)和保安第(di)3旅(lv)由(you)南滿北(bei)(bei)上(shang)，第(di)359旅(lv)由(you)哈(ha)爾濱南下，使參(can)加保衛四(si)(si)平(ping)(ping)街(jie)作戰的兵力(li)增(zeng)加到14個(ge)師（旅(lv)）。國民黨(dang)軍(jun)調(diao)整部(bu)署后，于5月(yue)(yue)15日分3路(lu)(lu)向(xiang)四(si)(si)平(ping)(ping)街(jie)發起全面(mian)(mian)(mian)進攻。左路(lu)(lu)第(di)71軍(jun)2個(ge)師沿八面(mian)(mian)(mian)城(cheng)以北(bei)(bei)推進，從(cong)西面(mian)(mian)(mian)迂回四(si)(si)平(ping)(ping)街(jie)；中路(lu)(lu)新編第(di)1軍(jun)3個(ge)師由(you)南向(xiang)北(bei)(bei)對(dui)四(si)(si)平(ping)(ping)街(jie)實施正面(mian)(mian)(mian)攻擊；右路(lu)(lu)新編第(di)6軍(jun)等4個(ge)師沿開原至(zhi)(zhi)西豐、開原至(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)赫(he)站兩條公路(lu)(lu)并肩推進，從(cong)東(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)迂回四(si)(si)平(ping)(ping)街(jie)。

第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)71軍(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)力進(jin)(jin)至(zhi)四(si)(si)平街(jie)西北歡子(zi)洞(dong)、海清(qing)窩棚一(yi)線受阻，其第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)91師(shi)以整(zheng)營、整(zheng)團(tuan)兵力進(jin)(jin)行集團(tuan)沖(chong)鋒10余次，均遭東(dong)北民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)聯(lian)軍(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1師(shi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2目的(de)頑強抗擊(ji)，停(ting)滯(zhi)不前，新編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1軍(jun)左翼第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)38師(shi)在(zai)三道林子(zi)地區遭東(dong)北民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)聯(lian)軍(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)7旅第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)20團(tuan)的(de)阻擊(ji)，右(you)翼第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)50師(shi)經兩(liang)天激戰于17日攻占第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)7縱隊(dui)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)19旅扼守的(de)331.5高地；新編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6軍(jun)在(zai)飛機、坦克支援下，于16日攻占葉赫站，17日攻占火石嶺子(zi)、平崗等地，并(bing)向四(si)(si)平街(jie)東(dong)北赫爾蘇急(ji)進(jin)(jin)。擔任(ren)總預備隊(dui)的(de)國民(min)黨(dang)軍(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)195師(shi)投(tou)入(ru)戰斗后，于18日也攻占哈福電。至(zhi)此，國民(min)黨(dang)軍(jun)對東(dong)北民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)聯(lian)軍(jun)扼守四(si)(si)平街(jie)的(de)咽(yan)喉陣地塔(ta)子(zi)山構成三面包圍之勢。東(dong)北民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)聯(lian)軍(jun)遂(sui)令(ling)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)10旅緊急(ji)向塔(ta)子(zi)山增援。

18日(ri)上午，新編(bian)第(di)6軍和新編(bian)第(di)1軍開始圍(wei)攻塔子山。東北(bei)民主(zhu)聯軍第(di)7旅(lv)第(di)19團(tuan)雖(sui)竭力抗擊，終因(yin)寡不敵眾、傷亡(wang)過(guo)多(duo)，于下(xia)午奉命撤離陣地。新編(bian)第(di)6軍占領(ling)塔子山后，繼(ji)續(xu)迂(yu)回四平東北(bei)，企圖(tu)封閉東北(bei)民主(zhu)聯退(tui)路。東北(bei)民主(zhu)聯軍總部鑒于戰(zhan)場形勢不利，人員傷亡(wang)較(jiao)多(duo)，為擺脫被動，保(bao)存(cun)實力，即令各部隊(dui)于18日(ri)夜撤出(chu)戰(zhan)斗。19日(ri)國民黨(dang)軍進占四平街(jie)。

戰役結果

東(dong)北民主聯軍作(zuo)戰月余，傷亡(wang)8000余人(ren)，殲敵6868人(ren)（據國軍四平(ping)長(chang)吉會戰戰斗(dou)詳報：“此戰含追擊作(zuo)戰陣亡(wang)官兵1363人(ren)，負傷2496人(ren)，失蹤(zong)606人(ren)。”），遲滯了(le)國民黨軍的北進行(xing)動，對鞏固北滿(man)根(gen)據地起了(le)重(zhong)要作(zuo)用。