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戰前情況

國民黨軍

以國民黨軍(jun)胡宗南部楊蔭(yin)寰(huan)為(wei)首之(zhi)六十(shi)一旅，憑借城周天(tian)然斷溝和(he)堅固(gu)筑(zhu)城固(gu)守洛川。何文鼎整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)十(shi)七師(shi)(shi)守延安（工事亦堅固(gu)）。第(di)五兵團裴(pei)昌會指揮整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)三十(shi)六師(shi)(shi)、整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)三十(shi)八師(shi)(shi)、整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)六十(shi)五師(shi)(shi)、整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)三十(shi)師(shi)(shi)等(deng)共8個旅以上(shang)兵力(li)，4月5日由同官(guan)（即(ji)銅川）增援洛川，11日始進(jin)(jin)至宜君(jun)，7天(tian)前進(jin)(jin)52公里，行(xing)動(dong)空(kong)前謹慎。整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)一師(shi)(shi)位(wei)蒲城作機動(dong)。暫編(bian)二旅、新編(bian)九旅、騎二旅等(deng)守備涇陽、耀縣、淳化之(zhi)三角(jiao)地區。

解放軍

彭德(de)懷認為，由于(yu)解放(fang)軍繼續(xu)圍攻(gong)洛川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)與待機打援比較困(kun)難(nan)，但是原攻(gong)奪(duo)洛川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，準備收復延安(an)的計(ji)劃不(bu)能不(bu)有所改變，故決(jue)心向胡宗南部后(hou)方之(zhi)西(xi)府（西(xi)安(an)以(yi)西(xi)，涇(jing)河與渭河之(zhi)間的地(di)(di)區(qu)，古稱西(xi)府，首府鳳(feng)翔。包括今寶(bao)雞(ji)、咸陽等地(di)(di)，地(di)(di)處關(guan)中、漢中和四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的咽喉要沖，自古以(yi)來就是兵家必(bi)爭之(zhi)地(di)(di)）挺進(jin)，攻(gong)敵要害之(zhi)寶(bao)雞(ji)，調退延安(an)、洛川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)守敵，以(yi)達鞏(gong)固后(hou)方和黃龍(long)新區(qu)之(zhi)目的。除(chu)以(yi)三縱(zong)隊(dui)繼續(xu)圍困(kun)洛川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，迷惑敵人外，主力（一、二、四(si)、六(liu)縱(zong)隊(dui)）于(yu)4月7日由洛川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、中部（即(ji)黃陵(ling)縣(xian)）地(di)(di)區(qu)向關(guan)中移(yi)動，4月12日先后(hou)抵(di)馬欄(lan)、轉(zhuan)角、廟灣(wan)、照金地(di)(di)區(qu)集結。并依下列部署西(xi)進(jin)：

（1）二(er)、四(si)縱(zong)隊統由張宗(zong)遜副司令員指揮為左(zuo)路(lu)，取(qu)道(dao)高王鎮南渡涇河(he)，奪取(qu)監軍(jun)鎮（永(yong)壽(shou)縣(xian)址）、乾縣(xian)，得手后(hou)一部奪取(qu)禮泉、興平(ping)向(xiang)咸陽佯動，主(zhu)力迅速奪取(qu)武功、扶風、岐山，相機攻占(zhan)寶雞，并徹底破壞興平(ping)附近鐵路(lu)。

（2）一(yi)縱隊為中路(lu)，攻占旬邑(yi)后，經(jing)張(zhang)洪鎮渡(du)涇(jing)河，奪取(qu)彬縣(xian)，向(xiang)麟(lin)游、鳳翔挺進，協同二縱隊相機奪取(qu)寶雞。

（3）六縱隊為右路，于掃(sao)清(qing)職田鎮(zhen)、太峪鎮(zhen)、世(shi)店鎮(zhen)之(zhi)反動地方(fang)武裝后，由亭口、彬(bin)縣間渡涇河，爾后依情況相機使用。

戰役過程

1948年3月，西(xi)北野(ye)戰軍(jun)(jun)由宜川(chuan)(chuan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)南(nan)下，發起黃虎山麓戰役，解放黃陵、鄜(fu)縣(xian)（今富縣(xian)）、宜君、白水(shui)等縣(xian)，逼近蒲城，圍攻(gong)洛(luo)(luo)(luo)川(chuan)(chuan)，并準備(bei)(bei)打(da)援(yuan)(yuan)。國(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)西(xi)安“綏靖”公署主任胡宗南(nan)即令所屬(shu)第(di)5兵(bing)團率5個(ge)整編師從豫陜邊界地(di)區(qu)(qu)馳援(yuan)(yuan)洛(luo)(luo)(luo)川(chuan)(chuan)，增防(fang)西(xi)安。4月6日，西(xi)北野(ye)戰軍(jun)(jun)司(si)令員(yuan)兼政治委員(yuan)彭德懷鑒(jian)于洛(luo)(luo)(luo)川(chuan)(chuan)久攻(gong)不(bu)克，國(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)軍(jun)(jun)增援(yuan)(yuan)洛(luo)(luo)(luo)川(chuan)(chuan)行動謹慎(shen)，原準備(bei)(bei)攻(gong)取洛(luo)(luo)(luo)川(chuan)(chuan)后收(shou)復延安并殲(jian)滅國(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)援(yuan)(yuan)軍(jun)(jun)一(yi)部(bu)的計(ji)劃難以實現(xian)，且黃龍山區(qu)(qu)糧食(shi)匱乏(fa)，部(bu)隊(dui)不(bu)宜久留，而西(xi)府地(di)區(qu)(qu)（西(xi)安以西(xi)涇滑兩河(he)之問(wen)）國(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)軍(jun)(jun)兵(bing)力(li)空虛等情況，遂改變作戰計(ji)劃，決心以第(di)3縱隊(dui)繼續圍困洛(luo)(luo)(luo)川(chuan)(chuan)，第(di)1、第(di)2、第(di)4、第(di)6縱隊(dui)向西(xi)府地(di)區(qu)(qu)挺進，調動，分散敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)，尋機(ji)殲(jian)其第(di)5兵(bing)團一(yi)部(bu)，并相機(ji)奪取胡宗南(nan)集團的補(bu)給(gei)基地(di)寶雞(ji)。

4月(yue)15日(ri)(ri)(ri)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)3路西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)進。17~25日(ri)(ri)(ri)攻克(ke)常寧(ning)(ning)、靈臺、風翔(xiang)、郿(mei)縣(xian)(xian)（今眉縣(xian)(xian)）等12座城鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，逼近(jin)寶雞。此時，胡宗南令整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)17師、整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)90師第(di)(di)(di)61旅(lv)(lv)(lv)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別放棄延(yan)(yan)安(an)(an)、洛(luo)川(chuan)，回防西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)；調第(di)(di)(di)5兵團(tuan)會同西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)行轅副主(zhu)任馬(ma)步(bu)(bu)芳部(bu)整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)82師，共Il個(ge)(ge)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)兵力，自三原、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)原地(di)(di)區(qu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)路馳(chi)援寶雞。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)21日(ri)(ri)(ri)收復延(yan)(yan)安(an)(an)，25日(ri)(ri)(ri)解放洛(luo)川(chuan)，并追(zhui)殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)國(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)一部(bu)；第(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)26日(ri)(ri)(ri)攻占(zhan)寶雞，殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)76師師部(bu)及2個(ge)(ge)團(tuan)。23~27日(ri)(ri)(ri)，整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)82師4個(ge)(ge)步(bu)(bu)騎(qi)團(tuan)在飛機配合下，突(tu)破西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)教(jiao)圍(wei)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為拖(tuo)住并殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)滅該敵(di)，令教(jiao)導(dao)(dao)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)固守(shou)，6日(ri)(ri)(ri)以(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)4縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)及第(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)新編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)4旅(lv)(lv)(lv)從(cong)敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)側后發(fa)起攻擊(ji)，因協同不(bu)好，僅殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)其(qi)(qi)2000余人(ren)，接(jie)應教(jiao)導(dao)(dao)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)突(tu)出(chu)了重圍(wei)。7日(ri)(ri)(ri)，胡宗南、馬(ma)步(bu)(bu)芳兩(liang)(liang)部(bu)南追(zhui)北(bei)(bei)(bei)堵(du)，企圖圍(wei)殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)屯子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)峰(feng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、涇川(chuan)之間(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)區(qu)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)經激戰(zhan)(zhan)，殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)其(qi)(qi)3000余人(ren)后，從(cong)荔鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)附近(jin)向東(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)移。8~兒(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)，叉分(fen)(fen)(fen)別在蕭(xiao)金(jin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)以(yi)(yi)東(dong)三不(bu)同、寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)東(dong)良(liang)平鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、枸邑（今旬邑）縣(xian)(xian)城以(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)職田鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)等地(di)(di)沖破國(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)合圍(wei)，于(yu)(yu)12日(ri)(ri)(ri)擺脫(tuo)追(zhui)堵(du)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)至解放區(qu)馬(ma)欄、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角等地(di)(di)。此役，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)共殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)滅國(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)2.1萬余人(ren)，鞏固和(he)擴(kuo)大了黃(huang)龍解放區(qu)。導(dao)(dao)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)在長武、亭口的(de)陣地(di)(di)，抵達崔木鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)；第(di)(di)(di)5兵團(tuan)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)突(tu)破第(di)(di)(di)4縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)在杏林、扶風一帶的(de)陣地(di)(di)，抵達風翔(xiang)附近(jin)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為擺脫(tuo)被(bei)夾擊(ji)的(de)不(bu)利態勢，于(yu)(yu)28日(ri)(ri)(ri)撤出(chu)寶雞，向隴東(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)移。5月(yue)3日(ri)(ri)(ri)晚，從(cong)平涼(liang)、涇川(chuan)間(jian)(jian)花鎖鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、王(wang)村(cun)通過(guo)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)（安(an)(an)）蘭（州）公路及涇河(he)繼續北(bei)(bei)(bei)上(shang)。整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)36、第(di)(di)(di)65師尾追(zhui)其(qi)(qi)后。5日(ri)(ri)(ri)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)先(xian)頭第(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)教(jiao)導(dao)(dao)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)在鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)原東(dong)南屯子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)被(bei)整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)82師3個(ge)(ge)步(bu)(bu)騎(qi)團(tuan)包圍(wei)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為拖(tuo)住并殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)滅該敵(di)，令教(jiao)導(dao)(dao)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)固守(shou)，6日(ri)(ri)(ri)以(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)4縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)及第(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)新編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)4旅(lv)(lv)(lv)從(cong)敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)側后發(fa)起攻擊(ji)，因協同不(bu)好，僅殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)其(qi)(qi)2000余人(ren)，接(jie)應教(jiao)導(dao)(dao)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)突(tu)出(chu)了重圍(wei)。7日(ri)(ri)(ri)，胡宗南、馬(ma)步(bu)(bu)芳兩(liang)(liang)部(bu)南追(zhui)北(bei)(bei)(bei)堵(du)，企圖圍(wei)殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)屯子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)峰(feng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、涇川(chuan)之間(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)區(qu)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)經激戰(zhan)(zhan)，殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)其(qi)(qi)3000余人(ren)后，從(cong)荔鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)附近(jin)向東(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)移。8~11日(ri)(ri)(ri)，叉分(fen)(fen)(fen)別在蕭(xiao)金(jin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)以(yi)(yi)東(dong)三不(bu)同、寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)東(dong)良(liang)平鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、枸邑（今旬邑）縣(xian)(xian)城以(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)職田鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)等地(di)(di)沖破國(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)合圍(wei)，于(yu)(yu)12日(ri)(ri)(ri)擺脫(tuo)追(zhui)堵(du)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)至解放區(qu)馬(ma)欄、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角等地(di)(di)。

戰役結果

此役，西(xi)北野戰軍共殲滅(mie)國民黨軍2.1萬余人，鞏固和擴大(da)了黃(huang)龍(long)解放區(qu)。