基本內容
中文名稱: 廣(guang)昌(chang)戰役
又名(ming): 廣昌(chang)保衛(wei)戰
發生時間: 1934年4月10~27日
發生地點: 江西(xi)省(sheng)廣昌(chang)縣
過程
1934年4月10日,國民黨(dang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)發(fa)起(qi)進(jin)攻。國民黨(dang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)河(he)東(dong)縱隊向(xiang)大(da)羅山、延福(fu)嶂(zhang)的(de)紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)陣地發(fa)起(qi)猛(meng)攻。中(zhong)共中(zhong)革軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)委以紅(hong)一軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團、紅(hong)三(san)(san)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團和(he)紅(hong)五軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團第(di)(di)十(shi)三(san)(san)師等部頑強抗擊,使敵進(jin)攻受挫。而(er)河(he)西縱隊則乘紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主力集中(zhong)于盱河(he)東(dong)岸作戰之機,突破了紅(hong)九軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團和(he)第(di)(di)二(er)十(shi)三(san)(san)師的(de)陣地,于4月14日占領(ling)甘竹,實(shi)現了其第(di)(di)一期進(jin)攻計劃。
4月19日(ri)(ri)(ri),國(guo)民黨軍(jun)河(he)東(dong)縱(zong)隊(dui)攻(gong)占(zhan)了(le)紅(hong)軍(jun)大(da)(da)羅山、延(yan)福(fu)(fu)嶂陣地(di)(di)(di)。當日(ri)(ri)(ri)黃(huang)昏(hun),紅(hong)軍(jun)以紅(hong)一 軍(jun)團和紅(hong)三(san)軍(jun)團主力向進(jin)(jin)占(zhan)大(da)(da)羅山之敵(di)(di)(di)發起反擊,但經多次(ci)沖殺,未能(neng)阻止敵(di)(di)(di)人的進(jin)(jin)攻(gong),被迫(po)撤(che)退。20日(ri)(ri)(ri),國(guo)民黨軍(jun)河(he)西縱(zong)隊(dui)由甘竹向長生(sheng)橋進(jin)(jin)攻(gong),河(he)東(dong)縱(zong)隊(dui)由大(da)(da)羅山、延(yan)福(fu)(fu)嶂向高州塅(duan)(duan)推進(jin)(jin)。當日(ri)(ri)(ri)黃(huang)昏(hun),紅(hong)一、紅(hong)三(san)軍(jun)團再次(ci)在(zai)盱河(he)東(dong)岸(an)向饒家堡(bao)(bao)、苦竹坑(keng)之敵(di)(di)(di)發起反擊。紅(hong)三(san)軍(jun)團6次(ci)與敵(di)(di)(di)爭(zheng)奪(duo)饒家堡(bao)(bao)陣地(di)(di)(di),但終因(yin)缺乏(fa)火力,得而(er)復失,被迫(po)撤(che)出戰斗,結果未能(neng)殲(jian)滅敵(di)(di)(di)人。至23日(ri)(ri)(ri),國(guo)民黨軍(jun)河(he)東(dong)、河(he)西兩路縱(zong)隊(dui)相繼占(zhan)領香爐峰、高州塅(duan)(duan)和長生(sheng)橋、傘蓋尖等陣地(di)(di)(di),逼近廣昌城,完成(cheng)了(le)第二期(qi)進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)計劃。
4月27日(ri),國民(min)黨軍(jun)(jun)河(he)(he)東、河(he)(he)西(xi)縱隊(dui)(dui)同時(shi)向(xiang)廣(guang)昌城發起(qi)總攻。中共中革軍(jun)(jun)委以(yi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)九軍(jun)(jun)團第(di)(di)三(san)師和紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)五軍(jun)(jun)團第(di)(di)十三(san)師在(zai)盱河(he)(he)東岸(an)牽制敵人,以(yi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)九軍(jun)(jun)團第(di)(di)十四師扼守廣(guang)昌,集中紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)一軍(jun)(jun)團、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)三(san)軍(jun)(jun)團和第(di)(di)二十三(san)師,又一次(ci)向(xiang)廣(guang)昌西(xi)北之(zhi)敵反擊(ji),仍未(wei)奏效。與(yu)此(ci)同時(shi),國民(min)黨軍(jun)(jun)河(he)(he)東縱隊(dui)(dui)接連(lian)突(tu)破紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)九軍(jun)(jun)團等的防御,并(bing)與(yu)河(he)(he)西(xi)縱隊(dui)(dui)取得(de)聯系。這時(shi)廣(guang)昌城已(yi)處于國民(min)黨軍(jun)(jun)東、北、西(xi)三(san)面(mian)包圍之(zhi)中。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)被迫(po)于當(dang)晚撤出廣(guang)昌城,向(xiang)廣(guang)昌以(yi)西(xi)以(yi)南轉移(yi)。至此(ci),廣(guang)昌戰役結束。
主要指揮官
彭德懷
廣昌戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)央紅(hong)軍(jun)在第五(wu)次(ci)反"圍剿"作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)進(jin)行的(de)(de)一次(ci)防御戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役。廣昌保(bao)衛戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),中(zhong)央紅(hong)軍(jun)采取處(chu)處(chu)設防、節節抵御的(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)法,硬是(shi)(shi)以較弱小的(de)(de)力量同(tong)優勢的(de)(de)國(guo)民黨軍(jun)在固(gu)定(ding)的(de)(de)陣地上拼(pin)消耗,結果,雖然在歷(li)時18天的(de)(de)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)斃傷(shang)俘敵共2626人,但是(shi)(shi)自身卻傷(shang)亡了(le)(le)5093人,約(yue)占參戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)人數的(de)(de)五(wu)分之(zhi)(zhi)一。其中(zhong)紅(hong)三軍(jun)團傷(shang)亡2705人,約(yue)占全軍(jun)團總(zong)人數的(de)(de)四分之(zhi)(zhi)一。這是(shi)(shi)紅(hong)軍(jun)歷(li)史上最(zui)典型(xing)的(de)(de)陣地戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、消耗戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。它給紅(hong)軍(jun)日(ri)后的(de)(de)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)帶(dai)來了(le)(le)極(ji)為有害的(de)(de)影響。