基本內容
中文名稱: 廣(guang)昌戰役
又名: 廣(guang)昌保衛戰
發生時(shi)間: 1934年4月10~27日
發(fa)生地點: 江西省廣昌縣
過程
1934年4月(yue)10日(ri),國民黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)發(fa)起(qi)進攻(gong)。國民黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)河東(dong)縱隊向大羅山(shan)、延福(fu)嶂的(de)紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)陣地發(fa)起(qi)猛攻(gong)。中共(gong)中革(ge)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)委以(yi)紅(hong)(hong)一(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)、紅(hong)(hong)三軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)和紅(hong)(hong)五軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)第十三師等部頑強(qiang)抗擊,使(shi)敵進攻(gong)受挫(cuo)。而(er)河西縱隊則乘(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主力集中于盱河東(dong)岸作戰(zhan)之機,突破了(le)紅(hong)(hong)九軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)和第二十三師的(de)陣地,于4月(yue)14日(ri)占領(ling)甘竹(zhu),實現(xian)了(le)其第一(yi)期進攻(gong)計劃。
4月19日(ri),國(guo)民黨(dang)軍(jun)河(he)東縱(zong)隊(dui)攻占(zhan)了紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)大羅(luo)山、延福嶂陣地。當(dang)日(ri)黃(huang)昏(hun),紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)以(yi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)一(yi) 軍(jun)團和紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)三軍(jun)團主(zhu)力(li)向(xiang)進(jin)占(zhan)大羅(luo)山之敵(di)(di)發起(qi)反(fan)擊,但(dan)經多次沖(chong)殺,未(wei)能(neng)阻(zu)止敵(di)(di)人的進(jin)攻,被迫撤退。20日(ri),國(guo)民黨(dang)軍(jun)河(he)西縱(zong)隊(dui)由(you)(you)甘竹(zhu)向(xiang)長(chang)生(sheng)橋(qiao)(qiao)進(jin)攻,河(he)東縱(zong)隊(dui)由(you)(you)大羅(luo)山、延福嶂向(xiang)高州塅(duan)推進(jin)。當(dang)日(ri)黃(huang)昏(hun),紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)一(yi)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)三軍(jun)團再次在盱河(he)東岸向(xiang)饒(rao)家(jia)堡(bao)、苦竹(zhu)坑之敵(di)(di)發起(qi)反(fan)擊。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)三軍(jun)團6次與敵(di)(di)爭奪饒(rao)家(jia)堡(bao)陣地,但(dan)終因缺乏火力(li),得而復失,被迫撤出戰斗,結果(guo)未(wei)能(neng)殲滅敵(di)(di)人。至(zhi)23日(ri),國(guo)民黨(dang)軍(jun)河(he)東、河(he)西兩路縱(zong)隊(dui)相繼(ji)占(zhan)領香爐(lu)峰、高州塅(duan)和長(chang)生(sheng)橋(qiao)(qiao)、傘(san)蓋尖等陣地,逼近(jin)廣昌城,完(wan)成了第二期進(jin)攻計劃。
4月(yue)27日,國(guo)民(min)黨軍(jun)河(he)(he)(he)東(dong)(dong)、河(he)(he)(he)西縱(zong)(zong)隊同(tong)時向廣(guang)(guang)昌(chang)城發起總攻。中(zhong)共中(zhong)革軍(jun)委(wei)以(yi)紅九軍(jun)團(tuan)第三(san)師(shi)(shi)和紅五軍(jun)團(tuan)第十三(san)師(shi)(shi)在盱(xu)河(he)(he)(he)東(dong)(dong)岸牽制敵(di)人,以(yi)紅九軍(jun)團(tuan)第十四(si)師(shi)(shi)扼守廣(guang)(guang)昌(chang),集中(zhong)紅一軍(jun)團(tuan)、紅三(san)軍(jun)團(tuan)和第二(er)十三(san)師(shi)(shi),又一次向廣(guang)(guang)昌(chang)西北(bei)之敵(di)反擊,仍未奏(zou)效。與此同(tong)時,國(guo)民(min)黨軍(jun)河(he)(he)(he)東(dong)(dong)縱(zong)(zong)隊接(jie)連(lian)突破紅九軍(jun)團(tuan)等的防御(yu),并與河(he)(he)(he)西縱(zong)(zong)隊取得聯系(xi)。這時廣(guang)(guang)昌(chang)城已處于國(guo)民(min)黨軍(jun)東(dong)(dong)、北(bei)、西三(san)面包圍之中(zhong)。紅軍(jun)被(bei)迫(po)于當晚(wan)撤出廣(guang)(guang)昌(chang)城,向廣(guang)(guang)昌(chang)以(yi)西以(yi)南轉(zhuan)移。至此,廣(guang)(guang)昌(chang)戰役結束。
主要指揮官
彭德懷
廣(guang)昌戰(zhan)(zhan)役是中(zhong)央紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)在第五(wu)次(ci)反"圍剿"作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)進(jin)行的(de)一(yi)次(ci)防御戰(zhan)(zhan)役。廣(guang)昌保(bao)衛戰(zhan)(zhan),中(zhong)央紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)采取處(chu)處(chu)設防、節(jie)節(jie)抵御的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)法,硬是以較弱小的(de)力量同優勢的(de)國民黨軍(jun)(jun)在固定的(de)陣地上(shang)拼消(xiao)耗(hao),結果,雖然(ran)在歷時18天的(de)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)斃傷俘(fu)敵共(gong)2626人,但是自(zi)身卻傷亡了(le)5093人,約(yue)占參戰(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)人數(shu)的(de)五(wu)分之一(yi)。其中(zhong)紅(hong)三軍(jun)(jun)團傷亡2705人,約(yue)占全軍(jun)(jun)團總(zong)人數(shu)的(de)四分之一(yi)。這是紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)歷史上(shang)最典型的(de)陣地戰(zhan)(zhan)、消(xiao)耗(hao)戰(zhan)(zhan)。它給紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)日后(hou)的(de)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)帶(dai)來了(le)極(ji)為有害的(de)影響。