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簡介

抗日(ri)(ri)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭時期，中(zhong)國共(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨為(wei)了(le)團(tuan)結一(yi)切可以(yi)團(tuan)結的(de)(de)人士(shi)參與抗戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，不但(dan)積極(ji)倡導(dao)和推動建(jian)立(li)了(le)抗日(ri)(ri)民(min)(min)族(zu)統(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)線(xian)，而且將(jiang)之付諸于政權(quan)建(jian)設的(de)(de)具體(ti)實(shi)踐(jian)，在抗日(ri)(ri)根據(ju)地(di)建(jian)立(li)了(le)一(yi)種(zhong)嶄新的(de)(de)統(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)線(xian)性質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)政權(quan)——“三三制”政權(quan)，為(wei)抗戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)勝利做出了(le)重要貢獻。1941年，抗日(ri)(ri)根據(ju)地(di)政權(quan)機構在人員分配上(shang)實(shi)行“三三制”原則。“三三制”政權(quan)是共(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨領導(dao)的(de)(de)抗日(ri)(ri)民(min)(min)族(zu)統(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)線(xian)性質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)制度，團(tuan)結了(le)各抗日(ri)(ri)階(jie)(jie)級、階(jie)(jie)層，爭取了(le)中(zhong)間力量，孤(gu)立(li)了(le)頑固(gu)勢力，鞏固(gu)和發展了(le)抗日(ri)(ri)民(min)(min)族(zu)統(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)線(xian)。

根據這一政策，抗日民主政權中人(ren)員的分(fen)配，共產黨員大(da)體(ti)占(zhan)三分(fen)之(zhi)一，左派(pai)進步分(fen)子(zi)大(da)體(ti)占(zhan)三分(fen)之(zhi)一，中間分(fen)子(zi)和(he)其他(ta)分(fen)子(zi)（不包含國(guo)民黨等頑固(gu)勢力）大(da)體(ti)占(zhan)三分(fen)之(zhi)一。

背景

政權人(ren)員如何(he)組成(cheng)，是(shi)政權建設(she)遇(yu)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)第二(er)個大問題，它(ta)既表明了(le)(le)政權的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質，也直(zhi)接關系到它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)階級基礎(chu)是(shi)否鞏固和(he)群眾基礎(chu)是(shi)否廣(guang)(guang)泛。與(yu)土地(di)(di)革(ge)命戰爭時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)農民主(zhu)政權不同，抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日根(gen)據地(di)(di)政權最顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)，是(shi)從1940年(nian)開始實行(xing)"三(san)三(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)"，即在(zai)參議會和(he)政府組成(cheng)人(ren)員中(zhong)，不僅有工(gong)農代(dai)表，還有其(qi)他階級階層的(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表，即共(gong)產(chan)黨員占三(san)分之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，非共(gong)產(chan)黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)左派進步分子占三(san)分之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，不左不右的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間派占三(san)分之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。中(zhong)國共(gong)產(chan)黨之(zhi)所以(yi)在(zai)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日根(gen)據地(di)(di)實行(xing)"三(san)三(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)"，其(qi)實質就(jiu)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)(le)反(fan)對在(zai)黨內(nei)長期存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)"左"傾關門主(zhu)義，實行(xing)更廣(guang)(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)民主(zhu)政治，建立一(yi)(yi)個包容性(xing)(xing)(xing)更強、代(dai)表性(xing)(xing)(xing)更加(jia)廣(guang)(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)政權，以(yi)適應(ying)(ying)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日民族統一(yi)(yi)戰線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)。"三(san)三(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)實行(xing)取得了(le)(le)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果。其(qi)中(zhong)最突出的(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)使邊區(qu)(qu)各(ge)級政權有了(le)(le)廣(guang)(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表性(xing)(xing)(xing)，有力地(di)(di)調動了(le)(le)社會各(ge)界團結抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing)(xing)(xing)。一(yi)(yi)些跑到敵占區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)主(zhu)開始回鄉(xiang)，鄉(xiang)紳(shen)富商(shang)也有了(le)(le)在(zai)根(gen)據地(di)(di)投資經營的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing)(xing)(xing)。華中(zhong)根(gen)據地(di)(di)實行(xing)"三(san)三(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)"以(yi)后(hou)，原(yuan)地(di)(di)方(fang)精英與(yu)新四軍和(he)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日政權出現(xian)了(le)(le)少見的(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)洽氣氛(fen)，特別是(shi)一(yi)(yi)些被選(xuan)進或者聘任為(wei)參議員和(he)區(qu)(qu)代(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉(xiang)紳(shen)，表現(xian)出空(kong)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日熱情。鄉(xiang)紳(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing)(xing)(xing)調動起來以(yi)后(hou)，減(jian)租減(jian)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻力也相應(ying)(ying)地(di)(di)減(jian)小了(le)(le)。另外(wai)，"三(san)三(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)"也使邊區(qu)(qu)政權決(jue)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)民主(zhu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、科學性(xing)(xing)(xing)大大加(jia)強，提高了(le)(le)邊區(qu)(qu)各(ge)級政權機關的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作效(xiao)率。

政權建立

1935年12月，中(zhong)共中(zhong)央在陜北瓦窯堡(bao)召開政治局(ju)會議，決定把蘇維(wei)埃工農共和(he)國(guo)改(gai)為蘇維(wei)埃人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)共和(he)國(guo)。這意(yi)味(wei)著政權不再僅(jin)僅(jin)歸(gui)(gui)屬(shu)于工農，而應歸(gui)(gui)屬(shu)于一(yi)切(qie)抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)的(de)(de)階級、階層(ceng)和(he)黨派。1936年9月，中(zhong)共中(zhong)央根據(ju)形勢的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，又將“人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)共和(he)國(guo)”改(gai)為“民(min)(min)(min)主共和(he)國(guo)”，并(bing)指(zhi)出：“這是(shi)團結一(yi)切(qie)抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)力量來保(bao)障中(zhong)國(guo)領(ling)土完整和(he)預防中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)遭受亡國(guo)滅種慘(can)禍的(de)(de)最好(hao)方法，而且這也是(shi)從廣大(da)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)主要求產生出來的(de)(de)最適當的(de)(de)統一(yi)戰(zhan)線(xian)的(de)(de)口號(hao)，是(shi)較(jiao)之一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)領(ling)土上的(de)(de)蘇維(wei)埃制(zhi)度在地(di)域上更(geng)普及的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)主，較(jiao)之全中(zhong)國(guo)主要地(di)區(qu)上國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)黨的(de)(de)一(yi)黨專政大(da)大(da)進步的(de)(de)政治制(zhi)度，因(yin)此便(bian)更(geng)能保(bao)障抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)的(de)(de)普遍發動與徹底勝利”。

1937年，抗戰(zhan)全面(mian)爆發后不久，抗日(ri)(ri)(ri)民(min)族(zu)(zu)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)線正式(shi)建立。與(yu)此(ci)同時(shi)，中國共(gong)產黨積極主(zhu)動(dong)地將統(tong)(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)線思想(xiang)付(fu)諸于根據地政(zheng)權(quan)建設(she)的(de)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)實(shi)踐，到(dao)1940年初，中共(gong)領(ling)導的(de)各(ge)抗日(ri)(ri)(ri)根據地已普遍建立了(le)包括各(ge)抗日(ri)(ri)(ri)階級、階層(ceng)、黨派(pai)和(he)(he)團體(ti)(ti)在內的(de)抗日(ri)(ri)(ri)民(min)主(zhu)政(zheng)權(quan)。在這些政(zheng)權(quan)中，盡管中共(gong)以(yi)(yi)外(wai)的(de)其(qi)他(ta)黨派(pai)、團體(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)工農以(yi)(yi)外(wai)的(de)其(qi)他(ta)階級、階層(ceng)人士數量(liang)還(huan)比較(jiao)少，但其(qi)已基本改變了(le)此(ci)前的(de)蘇維埃政(zheng)權(quan)模式(shi)，初步(bu)具(ju)有了(le)抗日(ri)(ri)(ri)民(min)族(zu)(zu)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)線的(de)政(zheng)權(quan)性質，從而為“三三制(zhi)”政(zheng)權(quan)的(de)建立奠定了(le)堅實(shi)的(de)基礎。

1940年3月(yue)，中(zhong)國共(gong)產(chan)黨在(zai)(zai)總(zong)結抗(kang)戰(zhan)以(yi)來根據地政(zheng)權建(jian)設(she)經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，為(wei)了更好(hao)地貫(guan)徹執行抗(kang)日(ri)民(min)族統(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略策略，爭取和團結各界人士(shi)共(gong)同(tong)抗(kang)戰(zhan)，首次在(zai)(zai)黨內正式提(ti)出了“三三制”政(zheng)權建(jian)設(she)思想，指出：“在(zai)(zai)抗(kang)日(ri)時期，我們所建(jian)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)權的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)質(zhi)，是(shi)民(min)族統(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這種(zhong)政(zheng)權，是(shi)一(yi)切(qie)贊成(cheng)抗(kang)日(ri)又贊成(cheng)民(min)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)權，是(shi)幾個革(ge)命階級(ji)聯合(he)起來對于漢(han)奸和反(fan)動(dong)派的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)主專(zhuan)政(zheng)。”“根據抗(kang)日(ri)民(min)族統(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)線(xian)政(zheng)權的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則，在(zai)(zai)人員(yuan)分(fen)配上，應規定為(wei)共(gong)產(chan)黨員(yuan)占三分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)，非黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)左(zuo)派進步(bu)分(fen)子占三分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)，不(bu)左(zuo)不(bu)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間派占三分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)。”“必須(xu)使黨外(wai)進步(bu)分(fen)子占三分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)，因為(wei)他們聯系著廣(guang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)小資產(chan)階級(ji)。”“給中(zhong)間派以(yi)三分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置，目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)于爭取中(zhong)等(deng)資產(chan)階級(ji)和開明紳士(shi)。”

同年(nian)7月，毛澤東在(zai)為紀(ji)念抗戰(zhan)3周年(nian)所發表(biao)的(de)(de)《團結到底》一(yi)文中(zhong)，首次公開向全國(guo)人民提出(chu)了建立“三(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)制”政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)張(zhang)，指出(chu)：“在(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)問(wen)題上，我(wo)(wo)們(men)主(zhu)張(zhang)統一(yi)戰(zhan)線(xian)(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，既(ji)不(bu)(bu)贊成別的(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)一(yi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)專(zhuan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，也不(bu)(bu)主(zhu)張(zhang)共(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)一(yi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)專(zhuan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，而主(zhu)張(zhang)各(ge)(ge)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)、各(ge)(ge)派(pai)(pai)(pai)、各(ge)(ge)界、各(ge)(ge)軍(jun)的(de)(de)聯合專(zhuan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，這(zhe)即是統一(yi)戰(zhan)線(xian)(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。共(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員在(zai)敵(di)人后方(fang)消滅(mie)敵(di)偽(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)建立抗日(ri)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)時，應該采取(qu)我(wo)(wo)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)所決定的(de)(de)‘三(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)制’，不(bu)(bu)論(lun)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府人員中(zhong)或民意機關(guan)中(zhong)，共(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員只占三(san)(san)(san)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)，而使(shi)其他主(zhu)張(zhang)抗日(ri)民主(zhu)的(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)(pai)(pai)和無(wu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)(pai)(pai)人士占三(san)(san)(san)分(fen)之(zhi)二。無(wu)論(lun)何(he)人，只要不(bu)(bu)投降(jiang)不(bu)(bu)反共(gong)，均可(ke)參加政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府工作。任何(he)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)(pai)(pai)，只要是不(bu)(bu)投降(jiang)不(bu)(bu)反共(gong)的(de)(de)，應使(shi)其在(zai)抗日(ri)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)下(xia)面有存在(zai)和活動(dong)之(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。”此后，根(gen)據上述“三(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)制”原則，具有統一(yi)戰(zhan)線(xian)(xian)性質的(de)(de)“三(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)制”政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)在(zai)敵(di)后各(ge)(ge)抗日(ri)根(gen)據地相(xiang)繼建立起(qi)來。

貫徹落實

“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)約束(shu)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)項制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)身體(ti)力行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，才能(neng)(neng)真(zhen)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)落(luo)到(dao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)處。當時(shi)，盡管中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)選(xuan)舉中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)既無(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)干涉人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)多(duo)(duo)選(xuan)或少(shao)選(xuan)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)通(tong)(tong)過法(fa)律形(xing)式(shi)去(qu)(qu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)硬性(xing)(xing)規定，然而(er)(er)事(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)由于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長(chang)期(qi)以(yi)(yi)來在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崇(chong)高威望，往往會(hui)有(you)(you)較多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)被選(xuan)到(dao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)關中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。這就(jiu)(jiu)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)(tong)過中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)各(ge)(ge)級(ji)組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴格自(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)約束(shu)，通(tong)(tong)過共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)(zi)覺帶(dai)頭(tou)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”去(qu)(qu)獲(huo)得解決(jue)，以(yi)(yi)保障“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)組織(zhi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)滿實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。例(li)(li)如(ru)(ru)，1941年11月15日，陜甘寧邊區參議(yi)會(hui)各(ge)(ge)議(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)小組提(ti)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常駐議(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)委員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)候(hou)選(xuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)名單(dan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)較多(duo)(duo)，于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)謝覺哉、馬(ma)文瑞(rui)等(deng)12名黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)(zi)動要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求退(tui)(tui)(tui)出(chu)(chu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)委員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)候(hou)選(xuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，肖勁光等(deng)6名黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)退(tui)(tui)(tui)出(chu)(chu)常駐議(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)候(hou)選(xuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，后(hou)經(jing)無(wu)記名秘密投票方(fang)(fang)式(shi)從(cong)39名候(hou)選(xuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)出(chu)(chu)18名政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)委員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)(zhan)7名，略超過三(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。此時(shi)，著名共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)徐特(te)立當即聲明退(tui)(tui)(tui)出(chu)(chu)，經(jing)大(da)(da)會(hui)通(tong)(tong)過，以(yi)(yi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)白文煥(huan)遞補(bu)。此外(wai)(wai)(wai)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)使(shi)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”原(yuan)則(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)邊區以(yi)(yi)下單(dan)位(wei)也(ye)能(neng)(neng)順(shun)利(li)(li)(li)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，還采取(qu)了(le)(le)(le)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)補(bu)救辦法(fa)，如(ru)(ru)對(dui)(dui)落(luo)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)候(hou)補(bu)議(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，由政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)酌(zhuo)量(liang)聘請，或由共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)式(shi)議(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)辭職，以(yi)(yi)使(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)候(hou)補(bu)議(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)補(bu)上(shang)；對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)超過三(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)委員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，由共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)辭職后(hou)，另選(xuan)有(you)(you)威望有(you)(you)能(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)任職，或在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)調動離職后(hou)，以(yi)(yi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)補(bu)充等(deng)。這些辦法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但(dan)有(you)(you)效地(di)保障了(le)(le)(le)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)組織(zhi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)滿實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，而(er)(er)且充分(fen)(fen)地(di)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)貫(guan)(guan)(guan)徹落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)心和(he)(he)誠(cheng)意。 　當然，“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”原(yuan)則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貫(guan)(guan)(guan)徹落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)蹴而(er)(er)就(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)歷了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)思(si)(si)想(xiang)轉(zhuan)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)建設(she)之(zhi)初(chu)，許(xu)多(duo)(duo)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)干部在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)思(si)(si)想(xiang)上(shang)想(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動上(shang)存有(you)(you)抵觸情(qing)緒(xu)。對(dui)(dui)此，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)耐心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)服(fu)(fu)教(jiao)育(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。例(li)(li)如(ru)(ru)，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)干部認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)定非(fei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)二多(duo)(duo)數(shu)，致使(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)使(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)發揮(hui)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)“請客(ke)”，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愉快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客(ke)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尷尬局(ju)面。對(dui)(dui)此，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)明確(que)指出(chu)(chu)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治，我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)“要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)各(ge)(ge)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)各(ge)(ge)派及(ji)無(wu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)無(wu)派的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)，都有(you)(you)說(shuo)話辦事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)機(ji)(ji)會(hui)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)，而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)替天行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)‘明主(zhu)(zhu)’，所以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)切(qie)抗日人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表，都一(yi)(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)享有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)議(yi)會(hui)里(li)講(jiang)話、在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)里(li)辦事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)會(hui)和(he)(he)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)。”此外(wai)(wai)(wai)，還有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)干部認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)宜之(zhi)計，只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“拉(la)攏”黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)“手段”。對(dui)(dui)此，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)指出(chu)(chu)：“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國社會(hui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)兩頭(tou)小中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)”，無(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)階級(ji)和(he)(he)大(da)(da)地(di)主(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)階級(ji)都占(zhan)(zhan)少(shao)數(shu)，而(er)(er)最廣大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間階級(ji)。任何(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策，如(ru)(ru)果不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間階級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)益(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尊重(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間階級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)把中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)情(qing)辦好(hao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這些說(shuo)服(fu)(fu)教(jiao)育(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)及(ji)時(shi)糾正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)了(le)(le)(le)當時(shi)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)干部在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”問題上(shang)所存留的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關門(men)主(zhu)(zhu)義和(he)(he)宗派主(zhu)(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錯誤觀(guan)念，為(wei)(wei)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建立提(ti)供了(le)(le)(le)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)保證(zheng)。 實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)只(zhi)占(zhan)(zhan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，如(ru)(ru)何(he)(he)保持中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)地(di)位(wei)，就(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)加以(yi)(yi)解決(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)問題。對(dui)(dui)此，毛澤東指出(chu)(chu)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)地(di)位(wei)，“必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)使(shi)占(zhan)(zhan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)質量(liang)上(shang)具(ju)有(you)(you)優(you)(you)越的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)。只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)這個(ge)(ge)條(tiao)件(jian)，就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)保證(zheng)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)權(quan)(quan)(quan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)更(geng)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)。”因(yin)為(wei)(wei)“所謂領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)權(quan)(quan)(quan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)天到(dao)晚當作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)口號(hao)去(qu)(qu)高喊，也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)盛氣凌(ling)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)地(di)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家服(fu)(fu)從(cong)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)，而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)確(que)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策和(he)(he)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)范(fan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，說(shuo)服(fu)(fu)和(he)(he)教(jiao)育(yu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)，使(shi)他們(men)(men)(men)愿意接(jie)受(shou)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建議(yi)。”當時(shi)，盡管中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)根據(ju)地(di)內占(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)絕對(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治優(you)(you)勢，但(dan)“黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)對(dui)(dui)參議(yi)會(hui)及(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)，只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)經(jing)過自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)團，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)委及(ji)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)關無(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)直(zhi)接(jie)命(ming)令(ling)參議(yi)會(hui)及(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)機(ji)(ji)關”。這樣，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)通(tong)(tong)過自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)確(que)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策和(he)(he)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)范(fan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，去(qu)(qu)影(ying)響和(he)(he)帶(dai)動群眾，按照其(qi)指引的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道路前(qian)進，而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)依靠(kao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)命(ming)令(ling)去(qu)(qu)站在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)群眾之(zhi)上(shang)發號(hao)施令(ling)，更(geng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)允許(xu)靠(kao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)“官衙門(men)”里(li)多(duo)(duo)搶位(wei)置去(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)所欲為(wei)(wei)。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變也(ye)給在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)部門(men)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。毛澤東指出(chu)(chu)，為(wei)(wei)貫(guan)(guan)(guan)徹執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策，“必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)教(jiao)育(yu)擔任政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，克服(fu)(fu)他們(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿和(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慣同(tong)(tong)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狹隘性(xing)(xing)，提(ti)倡民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)風，遇事(shi)先和(he)(he)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)商量(liang)，取(qu)得多(duo)(duo)數(shu)同(tong)(tong)意，然后(hou)去(qu)(qu)做。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)，盡量(liang)地(di)鼓(gu)勵黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)問題提(ti)出(chu)(chu)意見(jian)(jian)，并傾(qing)聽他們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見(jian)(jian)。絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)有(you)(you)軍隊和(he)(he)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)手，一(yi)(yi)切(qie)都要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)無(wu)條(tiao)件(jian)地(di)照我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)定去(qu)(qu)做，因(yin)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)注意去(qu)(qu)努(nu)力說(shuo)服(fu)(fu)非(fei)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)意我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見(jian)(jian)，并心悅誠(cheng)服(fu)(fu)地(di)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐證(zheng)明，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)，并沒(mei)有(you)(you)因(yin)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減少(shao)而(er)(er)受(shou)到(dao)削弱，反而(er)(er)因(yin)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)質量(liang)上(shang)占(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)優(you)(you)勢，能(neng)(neng)夠以(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)范(fan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)帶(dai)頭(tou)貫(guan)(guan)(guan)徹執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)確(que)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策，從(cong)而(er)(er)更(geng)加有(you)(you)效地(di)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)。

歷史意義

“三(san)(san)三(san)(san)制”政權作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)線(xian)性質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)民主政權，從制度上為(wei)黨外人士(shi)進入(ru)政權并占有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定比例提供了保障(zhang)。這對(dui)進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步鞏固(gu)和(he)(he)擴大抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)民族統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)線(xian)，爭取和(he)(he)團結各(ge)階(jie)級、階(jie)層、黨派和(he)(he)團體參與(yu)抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，最終奪取抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭的(de)(de)(de)徹底勝利(li)，無(wu)疑具有(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)意(yi)義。對(dui)此，彭真的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)段講(jiang)話曾從一(yi)(yi)(yi)個側(ce)面反映(ying)了“三(san)(san)三(san)(san)制”政權的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)價(jia)值。他指(zhi)出(chu)，“三(san)(san)三(san)(san)制”政權能“使地(di)主資產(chan)階(jie)級容(rong)(rong)易(yi)脫離日(ri)寇的(de)(de)(de)反動宣傳(chuan)和(he)(he)頑固(gu)分(fen)子挑撥(bo)離間的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，比較安心地(di)與(yu)我們合作(zuo)(zuo)抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，支(zhi)持根據地(di)的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)事業(ye)。因為(wei)‘三(san)(san)三(san)(san)制’這種政權規定是(shi)用簡單的(de)(de)(de)數字(zi)表(biao)現出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)，所以(yi)異常明確(que)，容(rong)(rong)易(yi)使黨員及各(ge)界人士(shi)了解(jie)和(he)(he)執行，并以(yi)之(zhi)與(yu)國民黨的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)黨專政來(lai)對(dui)照比較，權衡其(qi)利(li)弊是(shi)非。”正是(shi)通過這種鮮(xian)明對(dui)比，使“三(san)(san)三(san)(san)制”在(zai)黨外人士(shi)中(zhong)引(yin)起強烈反響(xiang)，激發了其(qi)抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)熱情(qing)。當時，被選為(wei)陜(shan)甘(gan)寧邊區政府(fu)副主席的(de)(de)(de)開明紳(shen)士(shi)李鼎銘在(zai)就職演(yan)說中(zhong)指(zhi)出(chu)，共產(chan)黨“很(hen)愿意(yi)大公無(wu)私做到(dao)精誠團結”，各(ge)黨派、無(wu)黨派人士(shi)應“互(hu)(hu)相(xiang)信任、互(hu)(hu)相(xiang)親愛(ai)”，“看成一(yi)(yi)(yi)家人，同力合作(zuo)(zuo)，干這抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)建國的(de)(de)(de)事。”

“三三制”政權的成(cheng)功實踐，不僅保(bao)證了(le)抗(kang)日(ri)戰爭的勝利，還為(wei)中國共產(chan)黨領(ling)導(dao)的多黨合作和政治協商制度的形成(cheng)進行了(le)初步(bu)探索并(bing)積累了(le)豐富經(jing)驗。