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南疆(jiang)10萬大山旳密林之中常有旅(lv)人不幸遇難,尸體被沼氣(qi),瘴氣(qi),戾氣(qi)所染,經歷百年則成(cheng)夏(xia)耕尸,這惹來無(wu)窮(qiong)禍害。

《山(shan)海經．大荒西經》說(shuo)：爰(yuan)有(you)大暑，不可以往(wang)，有(you)人無首(shou)，操戈盾(dun)立，名(ming)曰夏耕之尸。夏耕是(shi)夏朝最後一任帝(di)王夏桀的部將，負責鎮守章山(shan)，商(shang)湯伐桀時，被砍掉了(le)頭，夏耕的靈(ling)魂不死，逃到了(le)巫(wu)山(shan)，成為夏耕尸，他雖然沒有(you)腦袋(dai)，卻依舊(jiu)手操戈盾(dun)，盡忠職守地護衛(wei)巫(wu)山(shan)。

主要經歷

《中國神怪》：

”有(you)個人沒了(le)腦(nao)(nao)袋,手拿一把(ba)戈和一面(mian)盾牌立著,名叫夏(xia)耕尸。 從(cong)前成湯在章山(shan)討(tao)伐(fa)夏(xia)桀(jie),打敗了(le)夏(xia)桀(jie),斬殺夏(xia)耕尸于他(ta)的面(mian)前。夏(xia)耕尸站(zhan)立起來后,發覺沒了(le)腦(nao)(nao)袋,為(wei)逃(tao)避他(ta)的罪咎(jiu),于是(shi)(shi)竄到巫(wu)山(shan)去了(le)。夏(xia)耕是(shi)(shi)夏(xia)朝(chao)最后一任帝(di)王(wang)夏(xia)桀(jie)的部將，負責鎮守章山(shan)，商湯伐(fa)桀(jie)時，被砍掉了(le)頭，夏(xia)耕的靈魂不死，逃(tao)到了(le)巫(wu)山(shan)，成為(wei)夏(xia)耕尸，他(ta)雖(sui)然(ran)沒有(you)腦(nao)(nao)袋，卻依舊手操(cao)戈盾，盡忠(zhong)職守地護衛巫(wu)山(shan)。

《山海經》《大荒西經》記載：

有人(ren)無(wu)首，操戈盾立(li)，名曰夏耕(geng)之(zhi)尸。故成湯伐(fa)夏桀于章山(shan)，克之(zhi)，斬耕(geng)厥前。耕(geng)既立(li)，無(wu)首，走厥咎，乃(nai)降于巫山(shan)。

郭(guo)璞注(zhu)：亦形天尸之類。

夏耕是(shi)(shi)夏桀的將軍，戰敗(bai)逃亡(wang)，被成(cheng)湯斬首(shou)，與(yu)斷(duan)(duan)首(shou)的刑天有幾分相似。但刑天是(shi)(shi)“與(yu)天帝爭神，帝斷(duan)(duan)其(qi)首(shou)”的不屈英雄(xiong)。而夏耕是(shi)(shi)以敗(bai)將來襯托成(cheng)湯的英雄(xiong)形象。

其他信息

二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)諸(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)是在二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的基礎(chu)上增入四(si)(si)位(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)而成(cheng)“二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”的。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的名稱(cheng)都(dou)本于印度教（婆(po)羅門教），具體是：一大梵(fan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、二(er)(er)帝釋(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、三(san)多聞天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、四(si)(si)持國天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、五(wu)增長(chang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、六廣目天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、七(qi)金(jin)剛密跡、八(ba)大自在天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)或摩(mo)醯首羅、九散脂大將、十(shi)(shi)大辯才天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、十(shi)(shi)一大功德天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)韋馱(tuo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、十(shi)(shi)三(san)堅牢地神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)菩提樹(shu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、十(shi)(shi)五(wu)鬼子母、十(shi)(shi)六摩(mo)利支天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、十(shi)(shi)七(qi)日宮(gong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子、十(shi)(shi)八(ba)月宮(gong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子、十(shi)(shi)九娑竭龍王(wang)(wang)(wang)、二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)閻摩(mo)羅王(wang)(wang)(wang)。隋(sui)代(dai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)臺智者大師依據《金(jin)光(guang)明經·功德天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)品(pin)》，制定了(le)(le)《金(jin)光(guang)明三(san)昧懺法》。后代(dai)據此簡略成(cheng)《齋天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)科(ke)儀》，為(wei)寺(si)廟(miao)中祭天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的儀軌，依《金(jin)光(guang)明經·鬼神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)品(pin)》等所說，選下(xia)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)位(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，即(ji)此二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。到(dao)了(le)(le)明代(dai)，又(you)增入四(si)(si)位(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，則(ze)成(cheng)了(le)(le)“二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”，即(ji)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)一緊(jin)那羅、二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)紫微大帝、二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)三(san)東岳(yue)大帝、二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)雷神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。

后(hou)三(san)位是道教(jiao)神明，這顯示了(le)明以后(hou)佛(fo)(fo)道二(er)教(jiao)相互借用與融合的(de)(de)(de)趨向(xiang)。前一(yi)位是天(tian)龍八部之一(yi)，我(wo)(wo)們將(jiang)在天(tian)龍八部條(tiao)中(zhong)介紹(shao)。其中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)十(shi)(shi)諸天(tian)常常作為一(yi)組出(chu)(chu)現在塑像和(he)壁(bi)畫中(zhong)，而且(qie)也(ye)時或出(chu)(chu)現于(yu)水陸法會時懸掛的(de)(de)(de)水陸畫中(zhong)。但(dan)供奉(feng)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四諸天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)寺(si)廟也(ye)不少，如昆明的(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)通寶殿、山西大同的(de)(de)(de)善化(hua)寺(si)、五(wu)臺山金(jin)閣寺(si)等。在佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)藝術(shu)中(zhong)，“天(tian)”像也(ye)常有(you)單(dan)獨或以其他組合出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)情況。在中(zhong)國佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)石窟(ku)(ku)藝術(shu)中(zhong)，很早就出(chu)(chu)現了(le)諸天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)象(xiang)。如新疆克孜爾石窟(ku)(ku)第一(yi)百十(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku)主室左壁(bi)所繪“夜半逾(yu)城”的(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)故事(shi)壁(bi)畫中(zhong)，就出(chu)(chu)現了(le)帝(di)釋天(tian)和(he)四天(tian)王天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)象(xiang)。云岡石窟(ku)(ku)第八窟(ku)(ku)窟(ku)(ku)門(men)兩側(ce)，則雕有(you)騎(qi)牛的(de)(de)(de)摩醯首羅天(tian)和(he)騎(qi)金(jin)翅(chi)鳥的(de)(de)(de)鳩摩羅天(tian)。以下我(wo)(wo)們將(jiang)一(yi)一(yi)介紹(shao)除緊那(nei)羅和(he)四大天(tian)王以外的(de)(de)(de)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四諸天(tian)。