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黃橋戰役，共(gong)殲國民黨頑固派韓德勤(qin)部1.1萬余(yu)人，其中俘3800余(yu)名。奠(dian)定了蘇北抗(kang)日根據地的(de)堅實基礎，打開了華中抗(kang)戰的(de)新局面(mian)。

戰役背景

1940年春(chun)，堅(jian)持消(xiao)極(ji)抗日、積極(ji)反(fan)共政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國民(min)黨頑(wan)固派在(zai)第一次(ci)反(fan)共高潮被打退后(hou)(hou)，密令第3、第5戰(zhan)區(qu)和(he)魯(lu)蘇(su)(su)戰(zhan)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部隊(dui)(dui)，大舉進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)華中(zhong)新(xin)四(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。6月，新(xin)四(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)江(jiang)南(nan)指(zhi)揮(hui)部根據中(zhong)共中(zhong)央5月4日關于放手發(fa)展抗日力(li)量，抵(di)抗反(fan)共頑(wan)固派進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示，為執行獨(du)立(li)(li)自主開辟蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)、發(fa)展華中(zhong)敵(di)后(hou)(hou)抗戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略任(ren)務(wu)，率(lv)所屬主力(li)北(bei)(bei)(bei)渡(du)長江(jiang)，于7月初挺進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)。下(xia)旬，遵照(zhao)中(zhong)共中(zhong)央指(zhi)示，組建新(xin)四(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)指(zhi)揮(hui)部，陳(chen)毅、粟裕(yu)分任(ren)正副(fu)指(zhi)揮(hui)，下(xia)轄第1、第2、第3縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)9個團(tuan)，共7000余(yu)人(ren)。為建立(li)(li)以黃(huang)橋(qiao)為中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗日根據地，蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)指(zhi)揮(hui)部所屬部隊(dui)(dui)隨即東進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)黃(huang)橋(qiao)地區(qu)。8月，為策(ce)應新(xin)四(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)發(fa)展蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)，八路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第5縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)東進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)淮（陰）海（州(zhou)(zhou)）地區(qu)，形(xing)成(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)配(pei)合、打開蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)抗戰(zhan)局面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)利(li)態勢。國民(min)黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)魯(lu)蘇(su)(su)戰(zhan)區(qu)副(fu)總(zong)司令兼(jian)江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)省主席韓德勤，自詡擁(yong)兵(bing)10萬，視(shi)新(xin)四(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部隊(dui)(dui)為心腹之患，企圖(tu)先集中(zhong)兵(bing)力(li)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)黃(huang)橋(qiao)，消(xiao)滅或驅逐立(li)(li)足未穩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)四(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部隊(dui)(dui)，然后(hou)(hou)移(yi)兵(bing)北(bei)(bei)(bei)上，殲擊(ji)南(nan)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)八路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第5縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)。蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)指(zhi)揮(hui)部堅(jian)持有(you)(you)理、有(you)(you)利(li)、有(you)(you)節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自衛(wei)立(li)(li)場(chang)，在(zai)八路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第5縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)合下(xia)，積極(ji)做好(hao)迎擊(ji)韓德勤部進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)備，并靈活運用斗爭(zheng)策(ce)略，爭(zheng)取了駐(zhu)泰州(zhou)(zhou)地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魯(lu)蘇(su)(su)皖邊(bian)區(qu)游擊(ji)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)李明揚(yang)、李長江(jiang)部和(he)曲(qu)塘一帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稅(shui)警總(zong)團(tuan)陳(chen)泰運部保持中(zhong)立(li)(li)。

戰役過程

1940年9月初，韓(han)(han)(han)(han)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)兩(liang)(liang)路(lu)向南(nan)進攻(gong)(gong)。新(xin)四(si)軍(jun)(jun)被迫(po)自衛反(fan)擊(ji)(ji)，首戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)營溪(xi)，殲(jian)(jian)(jian)其(qi)先頭保(bao)安(an)(an)(an)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1旅(lv)2個團(tuan)(tuan)，進而(er)攻(gong)(gong)取姜(jiang)堰(yan)(yan)(yan)，殲(jian)(jian)(jian)守(shou)軍(jun)(jun)千(qian)余(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，并繼(ji)續向韓(han)(han)(han)(han)德(de)勤(qin)呼吁停止內戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，團(tuan)(tuan)結(jie)抗日。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)德(de)勤(qin)則(ze)以新(xin)四(si)軍(jun)(jun)必(bi)須退出(chu)(chu)姜(jiang)堰(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)借口相要挾。蘇北(bei)(bei)指揮部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)顧全(quan)抗戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)大局，慨然允諾，讓出(chu)(chu)姜(jiang)堰(yan)(yan)(yan)，由(you)李(li)(li)明(ming)揚(yang)、李(li)(li)長江(jiang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)接(jie)防，還主動送給陳(chen)(chen)(chen)泰運部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)槍械，進一(yi)步爭取了李(li)(li)、陳(chen)(chen)(chen)，使韓(han)(han)(han)(han)德(de)勤(qin)更加孤立(li)。然而(er)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)德(de)勤(qin)自恃兵(bing)多(duo)糧(liang)足、裝備精良(liang)，以為(wei)(wei)新(xin)四(si)軍(jun)(jun)退出(chu)(chu)姜(jiang)堰(yan)(yan)(yan)是膽(dan)怯，令(ling)其(qi)主力(li)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)（轄第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)33、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)117師(shi)）和獨(du)立(li)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6旅(lv)共1.5萬余(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)，從海安(an)(an)(an)、曲塘一(yi)線(xian)進攻(gong)(gong)黃(huang)(huang)橋(qiao)；李(li)(li)明(ming)揚(yang)、陳(chen)(chen)(chen)泰運部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)右(you)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)，5個保(bao)安(an)(an)(an)旅(lv)為(wei)(wei)左(zuo)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)，向黃(huang)(huang)橋(qiao)兩(liang)(liang)翼(yi)夾擊(ji)(ji)，其(qi)進攻(gong)(gong)總兵(bing)力(li)達(da)26個團(tuan)(tuan)3萬余(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，企(qi)圖于(yu)(yu)黃(huang)(huang)橋(qiao)地(di)區聚殲(jian)(jian)(jian)新(xin)四(si)軍(jun)(jun)蘇北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊。蘇北(bei)(bei)指揮部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鑒于(yu)(yu)決戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不可避免，決定集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兵(bing)力(li)，采取誘其(qi)深入、各(ge)個擊(ji)(ji)破的戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)法，于(yu)(yu)運動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殲(jian)(jian)(jian)擊(ji)(ji)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。據此，部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)署第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱隊堅守(shou)黃(huang)(huang)橋(qiao)；第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱隊隱蔽集結(jie)于(yu)(yu)黃(huang)(huang)橋(qiao)西北(bei)(bei)地(di)區，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)突擊(ji)(ji)力(li)量。10月4日，韓(han)(han)(han)(han)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)33師(shi)由(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)界直撲黃(huang)(huang)橋(qiao)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)前(qian)沿陣地(di)，實(shi)施猛(meng)烈(lie)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)，一(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)突入東(dong)門。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱隊頑強反(fan)擊(ji)(ji)，予以殺(sha)傷(shang)，將其(qi)逐出(chu)(chu)。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)率第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)117師(shi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)古溪(xi)進至野(ye)屋基、何家塘一(yi)線(xian)；獨(du)立(li)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6旅(lv)經(jing)(jing)(jing)高橋(qiao)南(nan)進，企(qi)圖襲擊(ji)(ji)黃(huang)(huang)橋(qiao)側背。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱隊適時勇(yong)猛(meng)出(chu)(chu)擊(ji)(ji)，一(yi)舉將開進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的獨(du)立(li)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6旅(lv)分(fen)(fen)(fen)割(ge)包圍于(yu)(yu)高橋(qiao)一(yi)帶，經(jing)(jing)(jing)3小(xiao)時激戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，全(quan)殲(jian)(jian)(jian)該旅(lv)。4日午夜(ye)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱隊經(jing)(jing)(jing)八字橋(qiao)插到分(fen)(fen)(fen)界，切斷了第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)退路(lu)，協同(tong)(tong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱隊形成三面夾擊(ji)(ji)，將第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)主力(li)分(fen)(fen)(fen)割(ge)包圍于(yu)(yu)黃(huang)(huang)橋(qiao)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)地(di)區。5日中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)午，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱隊第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4團(tuan)(tuan)首先攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)其(qi)軍(jun)(jun)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1團(tuan)(tuan)主力(li)隨后(hou)勇(yong)猛(meng)出(chu)(chu)擊(ji)(ji)，各(ge)縱隊旋(xuan)即緊縮包圍，奮(fen)勇(yong)沖(chong)殺(sha)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)長李(li)(li)守(shou)維在逃跑中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)落水(shui)斃命。經(jing)(jing)(jing)火(huo)線(xian)喊話，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)官兵(bing)紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)繳械，主力(li)于(yu)(yu)當晚被殲(jian)(jian)(jian)。6日，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱隊又追殲(jian)(jian)(jian)該軍(jun)(jun)余(yu)(yu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)營溪(xi)，乘勝(sheng)攻(gong)(gong)占(zhan)海安(an)(an)(an)、東(dong)臺等地(di)。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)德(de)勤(qin)率殘部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)千(qian)余(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)向興化潰(kui)敗。左(zuo)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)各(ge)保(bao)安(an)(an)(an)旅(lv)團(tuan)(tuan)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)兵(bing)運糧(liang)河(he)東(dong)西之(zhi)線(xian)，頻頻查詢(xun)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)況，企(qi)圖坐收漁(yu)利的李(li)(li)明(ming)揚(yang)、李(li)(li)長江(jiang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和陳(chen)(chen)(chen)泰運部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦隨之(zhi)撤退。與此同(tong)(tong)時，八路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)5縱隊由(you)漣水(shui)東(dong)進，攻(gong)(gong)占(zhan)阜(fu)寧、東(dong)溝、益(yi)林(lin)，殲(jian)(jian)(jian)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)保(bao)安(an)(an)(an)旅(lv)一(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)后(hou)，直下鹽城。10月10日，新(xin)四(si)軍(jun)(jun)蘇北(bei)(bei)指揮部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)所屬第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱隊前(qian)鋒與八路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)5縱隊先頭部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊，于(yu)(yu)東(dong)臺以北(bei)(bei)的白駒鎮勝(sheng)利會師(shi)。黃(huang)(huang)橋(qiao)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役期間，當地(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民群眾(zhong)在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共蘇北(bei)(bei)區委領導下，積(ji)極(ji)支援新(xin)四(si)軍(jun)(jun)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，對保(bao)證戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役的勝(sheng)利起了重要作(zuo)用。此役，共殲(jian)(jian)(jian)國民黨頑固派韓(han)(han)(han)(han)德(de)勤(qin)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)1.1萬余(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)俘3800余(yu)(yu)名。

戰爭影響

黃橋戰(zhan)役的勝利，奠定(ding)了蘇北抗(kang)日(ri)根據地(di)的堅實(shi)基礎，打(da)開了華中抗(kang)戰(zhan)的新局面。