黃(huang)橋戰役,共殲國民黨頑固派韓德勤部(bu)1.1萬余人(ren),其中(zhong)俘(fu)3800余名。奠定了蘇北抗日根據地的堅實基礎,打(da)開(kai)了華中(zhong)抗戰的新局(ju)面。
1940年春,堅持(chi)消(xiao)極(ji)抗(kang)日(ri)、積極(ji)反共(gong)(gong)(gong)政策的(de)(de)(de)(de)國民(min)黨頑(wan)(wan)固(gu)(gu)派在第(di)一(yi)次反共(gong)(gong)(gong)高潮被打(da)退后(hou)(hou),密(mi)令第(di)3、第(di)5戰(zhan)區(qu)和魯(lu)蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)戰(zhan)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui),大舉(ju)進(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)華中(zhong)新(xin)四(si)(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)。6月(yue)(yue),新(xin)四(si)(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)江(jiang)南指(zhi)揮(hui)部(bu)(bu)根據(ju)中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)央5月(yue)(yue)4日(ri)關于(yu)放(fang)手發展(zhan)抗(kang)日(ri)力量,抵抗(kang)反共(gong)(gong)(gong)頑(wan)(wan)固(gu)(gu)派進(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示,為執(zhi)行獨立(li)(li)(li)自主(zhu)開(kai)辟蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)北(bei)、發展(zhan)華中(zhong)敵后(hou)(hou)抗(kang)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)任務,率所屬主(zhu)力北(bei)渡長江(jiang),于(yu)7月(yue)(yue)初挺(ting)進(jin)(jin)(jin)蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)北(bei)。下旬,遵照(zhao)中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)央指(zhi)示,組建新(xin)四(si)(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)北(bei)指(zhi)揮(hui)部(bu)(bu),陳(chen)毅、粟裕分任正副(fu)(fu)指(zhi)揮(hui),下轄第(di)1、第(di)2、第(di)3縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)9個團,共(gong)(gong)(gong)7000余(yu)人。為建立(li)(li)(li)以黃(huang)橋為中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)日(ri)根據(ju)地(di),蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)北(bei)指(zhi)揮(hui)部(bu)(bu)所屬部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)隨即東(dong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)黃(huang)橋地(di)區(qu)。8月(yue)(yue),為策應新(xin)四(si)(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)發展(zhan)蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)北(bei),八(ba)(ba)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)第(di)5縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)東(dong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)淮(陰)海(州)地(di)區(qu),形成(cheng)南北(bei)配合、打(da)開(kai)蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)北(bei)抗(kang)戰(zhan)局(ju)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有利(li)態勢。國民(min)黨軍(jun)(jun)魯(lu)蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)戰(zhan)區(qu)副(fu)(fu)總司令兼(jian)江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)省(sheng)主(zhu)席韓(han)德(de)勤(qin)(qin),自詡擁兵(bing)10萬,視新(xin)四(si)(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)為心腹之患(huan),企圖先集中(zhong)兵(bing)力進(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)黃(huang)橋,消(xiao)滅或驅逐立(li)(li)(li)足未穩的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)四(si)(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)移兵(bing)北(bei)上,殲擊(ji)南下的(de)(de)(de)(de)八(ba)(ba)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)第(di)5縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)。蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)北(bei)指(zhi)揮(hui)部(bu)(bu)堅持(chi)有理、有利(li)、有節的(de)(de)(de)(de)自衛立(li)(li)(li)場,在八(ba)(ba)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)第(di)5縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配合下,積極(ji)做好迎擊(ji)韓(han)德(de)勤(qin)(qin)部(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準備,并靈活(huo)運用斗爭(zheng)策略(lve)(lve),爭(zheng)取了(le)駐泰(tai)州地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)魯(lu)蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)皖邊區(qu)游擊(ji)軍(jun)(jun)李(li)明(ming)揚、李(li)長江(jiang)部(bu)(bu)和曲塘一(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)稅警總團陳(chen)泰(tai)運部(bu)(bu)保(bao)持(chi)中(zhong)立(li)(li)(li)。
1940年9月初,韓(han)(han)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)兩路(lu)(lu)(lu)向南進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。新四(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)被(bei)迫(po)自衛(wei)反(fan)擊(ji)(ji)(ji),首戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)營溪,殲(jian)(jian)其(qi)(qi)先頭(tou)保(bao)安第(di)(di)(di)(di)1旅(lv)2個(ge)團(tuan)(tuan),進(jin)而攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)取(qu)姜(jiang)堰(yan),殲(jian)(jian)守(shou)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)千余(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),并繼續(xu)向韓(han)(han)德(de)勤(qin)呼吁停止內戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),團(tuan)(tuan)結(jie)抗(kang)日。韓(han)(han)德(de)勤(qin)則以(yi)(yi)(yi)新四(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)必須退出姜(jiang)堰(yan)為(wei)借口相要挾。蘇北(bei)指(zhi)揮部(bu)(bu)為(wei)顧全抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)大局,慨然允諾,讓出姜(jiang)堰(yan),由(you)李(li)(li)明(ming)揚(yang)、李(li)(li)長江部(bu)(bu)接防,還主(zhu)動送給陳(chen)泰運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)槍(qiang)械,進(jin)一(yi)步爭取(qu)了(le)李(li)(li)、陳(chen),使韓(han)(han)德(de)勤(qin)更加孤立。然而韓(han)(han)德(de)勤(qin)自恃兵(bing)(bing)多糧足、裝備精良,以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)新四(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)退出姜(jiang)堰(yan)是膽(dan)怯,令其(qi)(qi)主(zhu)力(li)第(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(轄第(di)(di)(di)(di)33、第(di)(di)(di)(di)117師)和獨(du)立第(di)(di)(di)(di)6旅(lv)共1.5萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),從海安、曲塘一(yi)線(xian)(xian)進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黃橋(qiao);李(li)(li)明(ming)揚(yang)、陳(chen)泰運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)右路(lu)(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),5個(ge)保(bao)安旅(lv)為(wei)左(zuo)路(lu)(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),向黃橋(qiao)兩翼夾(jia)擊(ji)(ji)(ji),其(qi)(qi)進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總兵(bing)(bing)力(li)達26個(ge)團(tuan)(tuan)3萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),企(qi)圖(tu)于(yu)黃橋(qiao)地區(qu)(qu)聚(ju)殲(jian)(jian)新四(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蘇北(bei)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。蘇北(bei)指(zhi)揮部(bu)(bu)鑒于(yu)決戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)可避(bi)免,決定集中(zhong)(zhong)兵(bing)(bing)力(li),采取(qu)誘(you)其(qi)(qi)深入、各(ge)(ge)個(ge)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)破的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)法,于(yu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動中(zhong)(zhong)殲(jian)(jian)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)韓(han)(han)部(bu)(bu)。據此(ci),部(bu)(bu)署第(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)堅守(shou)黃橋(qiao);第(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)隱蔽集結(jie)于(yu)黃橋(qiao)西(xi)北(bei)地區(qu)(qu),作(zuo)為(wei)突(tu)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)力(li)量。10月4日,韓(han)(han)部(bu)(bu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)33師由(you)分(fen)界直撲黃橋(qiao)東(dong)北(bei)前沿陣地,實施猛烈攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji),一(yi)部(bu)(bu)突(tu)入東(dong)門。第(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)頑強反(fan)擊(ji)(ji)(ji),予(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)殺傷(shang),將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)逐出。韓(han)(han)部(bu)(bu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)部(bu)(bu)率第(di)(di)(di)(di)117師經古(gu)溪進(jin)至野屋基、何家塘一(yi)線(xian)(xian);獨(du)立第(di)(di)(di)(di)6旅(lv)經高(gao)橋(qiao)南進(jin),企(qi)圖(tu)襲擊(ji)(ji)(ji)黃橋(qiao)側背。第(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)適時(shi)勇猛出擊(ji)(ji)(ji),一(yi)舉(ju)將(jiang)開(kai)進(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)獨(du)立第(di)(di)(di)(di)6旅(lv)分(fen)割包圍(wei)于(yu)高(gao)橋(qiao)一(yi)帶,經3小時(shi)激戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),全殲(jian)(jian)該旅(lv)。4日午夜,第(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)經八(ba)字橋(qiao)插到(dao)分(fen)界,切斷了(le)第(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)退路(lu)(lu)(lu),協同第(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)形(xing)成三面夾(jia)擊(ji)(ji)(ji),將(jiang)第(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)力(li)分(fen)割包圍(wei)于(yu)黃橋(qiao)東(dong)北(bei)地區(qu)(qu)。5日中(zhong)(zhong)午,第(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)第(di)(di)(di)(di)4團(tuan)(tuan)首先攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)部(bu)(bu),第(di)(di)(di)(di)1團(tuan)(tuan)主(zhu)力(li)隨(sui)后勇猛出擊(ji)(ji)(ji),各(ge)(ge)縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)旋即緊縮(suo)包圍(wei),奮(fen)勇沖殺。第(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)長李(li)(li)守(shou)維在逃跑中(zhong)(zhong)落水(shui)斃(bi)命。經火線(xian)(xian)喊話,第(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)官(guan)兵(bing)(bing)紛紛繳械,主(zhu)力(li)于(yu)當晚被(bei)殲(jian)(jian)。6日,第(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)又追殲(jian)(jian)該軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)余(yu)(yu)(yu)部(bu)(bu)于(yu)營溪,乘(cheng)勝攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)占(zhan)海安、東(dong)臺(tai)等地。韓(han)(han)德(de)勤(qin)率殘部(bu)(bu)千余(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)向興(xing)化潰(kui)敗。左(zuo)路(lu)(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)各(ge)(ge)保(bao)安旅(lv)團(tuan)(tuan)陳(chen)兵(bing)(bing)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)糧河東(dong)西(xi)之線(xian)(xian),頻頻查(cha)詢戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)況,企(qi)圖(tu)坐收漁利(li)的(de)李(li)(li)明(ming)揚(yang)、李(li)(li)長江部(bu)(bu)和陳(chen)泰運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)部(bu)(bu)亦隨(sui)之撤退。與此(ci)同時(shi),八(ba)路(lu)(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)5縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)漣(lian)水(shui)東(dong)進(jin),攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)占(zhan)阜寧、東(dong)溝、益林,殲(jian)(jian)韓(han)(han)部(bu)(bu)保(bao)安旅(lv)一(yi)部(bu)(bu)后,直下鹽城。10月10日,新四(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蘇北(bei)指(zhi)揮部(bu)(bu)所屬(shu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)前鋒與八(ba)路(lu)(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)5縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)先頭(tou)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),于(yu)東(dong)臺(tai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)北(bei)的(de)白駒鎮勝利(li)會師。黃橋(qiao)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)期(qi)間(jian),當地人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)群眾在中(zhong)(zhong)共蘇北(bei)區(qu)(qu)委(wei)領導(dao)下,積極(ji)支援新四(si)(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),對保(bao)證戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)的(de)勝利(li)起了(le)重要作(zuo)用。此(ci)役(yi),共殲(jian)(jian)國民(min)黨頑固派(pai)韓(han)(han)德(de)勤(qin)部(bu)(bu)1.1萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)俘3800余(yu)(yu)(yu)名。
黃橋戰(zhan)役的勝利(li),奠定了蘇(su)北抗日根據地(di)的堅實基(ji)礎,打開了華中抗戰(zhan)的新局面。