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基本介紹

賽城(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)屬于(yu)河(he)(he)跡洼地(di)湖(hu)(hu)，由賽湖(hu)(hu)、長(chang)(chang)港湖(hu)(hu)、大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)湖(hu)(hu)等(deng)(deng)子湖(hu)(hu)組成，各子湖(hu)(hu)間多有(you)低矮堤壩相隔，冬季枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)期各子湖(hu)(hu)形(xing)成獨立水(shui)(shui)(shui)域。水(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)0.5-1.0m，夏季豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)期各子湖(hu)(hu)彼此通成形(xing)成統一大(da)湖(hu)(hu)。湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)形(xing)態極(ji)不(bu)規(gui)則，湖(hu)(hu)底(di)淤泥深(shen)厚(hou)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)17.5m，長(chang)(chang)14.0km，最(zui)大(da)寬6.5km，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)寬4.38km。原(yuan)有(you)面(mian)積84.56平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里，圍墾后(hou)現有(you)面(mian)積61.32平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里。最(zui)大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)3.4米，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)2.24米。湖(hu)(hu)區屬北亞熱帶季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候，年(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)17℃，一月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)4.2℃，極(ji)端最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-9.7℃，七月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)29.0℃，極(ji)端最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)42.0℃。積水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積960.9平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里，補給系數15.7。湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)依賴地(di)表徑流(liu)和湖(hu)(hu)面(mian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)補給，入湖(hu)(hu)河(he)(he)流(liu)位(wei)于(yu)西南、南部(bu)，均(jun)(jun)為山溪性(xing)河(he)(he)流(liu)，源短(duan)流(liu)急，其中以(yi)長(chang)(chang)河(he)(he)最(zui)大(da)，長(chang)(chang)76.0km。次為螞蟻河(he)(he)、烏(wu)石(shi)河(he)(he)和蔡橋河(he)(he)等(deng)(deng)。出湖(hu)(hu)河(he)(he)道位(wei)于(yu)湖(hu)(hu)的東北部(bu)，建有(you)賽城(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)閘。河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)北排長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)，當長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)高(gao)于(yu)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)時，亦可(ke)啟(qi)閘引江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)入湖(hu)(hu)。湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)漁(yu)業生產(chan)原(yuan)以(yi)天然捕撈為主，60年(nian)代后(hou)，養(yang)殖(zhi)生產(chan)逐步得(de)到發展。養(yang)殖(zhi)方(fang)式以(yi)圍欄(lan)為主，放養(yang)種類主要(yao)是魴、草、鯉、鰱(lian)、鳙等(deng)(deng)，此外(wai)還放養(yang)河(he)(he)蟹。

作為九(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)市(shi)郊的一個內湖(hu)(hu)，距著名(ming)的候鳥(niao)越冬(dong)地鄱陽湖(hu)(hu)約20公(gong)里(li)。近年來，來賽城湖(hu)(hu)越冬(dong)的各(ge)類候鳥(niao)超過1萬只，其中更有白鶴、小天(tian)鵝等(deng)國家一、二類保(bao)護鳥(niao)類。九(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)有關部(bu)門更是(shi)成立了(le)賽城湖(hu)(hu)越冬(dong)候鳥(niao)保(bao)護區、野生動物保(bao)護站，對在當地越冬(dong)候鳥(niao)進行(xing)保(bao)護。

1957年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)，江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)直屬機(ji)關、大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)院校500余(yu)名(ming)干部、知識(shi)分子響(xiang)應(ying)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)“上山下鄉”的號(hao)召，與500余(yu)名(ming)解(jie)放軍(jun)轉(zhuan)業軍(jun)官一道(dao)于賽(sai)(sai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)邊創辦“國(guo)營(ying)沙河—賽(sai)(sai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)農(nong)林牧漁綜(zong)合墾(ken)殖場(chang)(chang)”，隸(li)屬省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)墾(ken)廳，九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)代管。1960年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)，改(gai)(gai)隸(li)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)產(chan)廳，時以所(suo)在地域“賽(sai)(sai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”、“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”二湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)首(shou)字和毗鄰九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)市(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區之義(yi)改(gai)(gai)名(ming)為(wei)“國(guo)營(ying)賽(sai)(sai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)綜(zong)合墾(ken)殖場(chang)(chang)”。 1968年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)，下放九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)管理(li)。1982年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)，改(gai)(gai)稱“國(guo)營(ying)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)賽(sai)(sai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)產(chan)養殖場(chang)(chang)”（同(tong)掛“國(guo)營(ying)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)賽(sai)(sai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)綜(zong)合墾(ken)殖場(chang)(chang)”牌），為(wei)政(zheng)企合一單位。2007年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)市(shi)委、市(shi)人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)響(xiang)應(ying)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)“沿(yan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)開(kai)發”的戰略決策，將(jiang)賽(sai)(sai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)轄的陸地納入沿(yan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)開(kai)發板(ban)塊，并于2009年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)將(jiang)其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12個分場(chang)(chang)劃(hua)歸九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)開(kai)發區，成(cheng)立“九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)經濟技術開(kai)發區賽(sai)(sai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)墾(ken)殖場(chang)(chang)”；水(shui)產(chan)分場(chang)(chang)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門分場(chang)(chang)大(da)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)共56000畝(mu)水(shui)面(mian)和賽(sai)(sai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)大(da)堤繼續歸屬九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)。 轄區面(mian)積(ji)6200畝(mu)，戶籍人(ren)口(kou)6102人(ren)。

賽(sai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)歷(li)史悠久，本名(ming)(ming)“鶴問(wen)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”，由(you)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)畔一(yi)座(zuo)古(gu)村(cun)莊——鶴問(wen)塞而(er)得名(ming)(ming)，“鶴問(wen)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”被(bei)使用了一(yi)千七百多年，1958年才被(bei)“賽(sai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”代替(ti)。“鶴問(wen)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”傳說(shuo)頗多，其中“陶侃葬(zang)母(mu)(mu)(mu)”最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)出(chu)名(ming)(ming)，據《九(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)府(fu)志》記載：“鶴問(wen)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)一(yi)十五里(li)。世傳晉陶侃擇地(di)葬(zang)母(mu)(mu)(mu)至(zhi)(zhi)此，遇異人云(yun)：‘前有(you)牛眠處(chu)可葬(zang)’。言畢，化(hua)鶴而(er)去，因名(ming)(ming)。陶侃母(mu)(mu)(mu)親湛氏(shi)是(shi)歷(li)史上少有(you)的(de)幾位(wei)賢母(mu)(mu)(mu)之一(yi)。她和孟母(mu)(mu)(mu)仉氏(shi)、岳(yue)母(mu)(mu)(mu)姚氏(shi)齊名(ming)(ming)，“截(jie)發延賓”、“封鮓(zha)責(ze)子”的(de)故事(shi)傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)佳話。 此外，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)風景優美，康熙年間(jian)，九(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)府(fu)通判(三把手)江(jiang)(jiang)皋(gao)(字在眉(mei)安徽(hui)桐城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人)于某年初春，率二三僚屬前往鶴問(wen)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)踏青，寫下《過鶴問(wen)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)》詩(shi)。詩(shi)云(yun)：鶴問(wen)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)邊(bian)草(cao)乍青，馬(ma)蹄沖濕雨初停。村(cun)煙(yan)過午深聯(lian)屋，野水(shui)當春遠上汀；雁(yan)落殘沙(sha)飛(fei)欲倦，鷗眠芳渚(zhu)夢難(nan)醒。漁人隔歲移家去，白(bai)晝雙扉傍(bang)岸扃。1981年5月，江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)省文(wen)物(wu)普(pu)查在九(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)縣搞試點。一(yi)支由(you)專業人員(yuan)組(zu)成的(de)調查小組(zu)對賽(sai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)村(cun)(即(ji)鶴問(wen)賽(sai))屬境七里(li)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)灘古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)及附(fu)近(jin)塞口、塞墩、玉(yu)兔山的(de)古(gu)墓葬(zang)群作了全面(mian)調查,采集(ji)和征集(ji)到大量(liang)文(wen)物(wu)、標本，肯定(ding)了古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)的(de)位(wei)置，定(ding)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“六朝尋陽(yang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)”，并認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其曾為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)縣、郡、州所。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)面(mian)都(dou)是(shi)面(mian)積萬畝以上的(de)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊，東邊(bian)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)明(ming)代叫(jiao)陶家湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，現名(ming)(ming)七里(li)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(也有(you)叫(jiao)八里(li)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu))；西(xi)(xi)邊(bian)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)叫(jiao)鶴問(wen)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)（即(ji)賽(sai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)），兩(liang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)由(you)謐(mi)水(shui)溝(gou)通。古(gu)時(shi)只(zhi)有(you)兩(liang)條早道(dao)出(chu)人，東北(bei)方(fang)向至(zhi)(zhi)謐(mi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);南道(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)廬(lu)山腳下連接釋道(dao)。運(yun)輸依賴舟揖,戰爭(zheng)憑(ping)借船艦、六朝時(shi)是(shi)介(jie)于建康與荊州之間(jian)的(de)長江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)道(dao)上的(de)重(zhong)鎮，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兵家必爭(zheng)之地(di)。此外有(you)學者(zhe)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，三國柴(chai)桑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，即(ji)“六朝尋陽(yang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。