為膜翅目,胡蜂科(ke)。體長(chang)竟達(da)40毫米,是世界上(shang)最(zui)大的胡蜂。頭(tou)部(bu)(bu)(bu):寬(kuan)較胸(xiong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)窄,但(dan)(dan)略寬(kuan)于前(qian)胸(xiong)背(bei)板(ban)前(qian)緣;胸(xiong)部(bu)(bu)(bu):前(qian)胸(xiong)背(bei)板(ban)前(qian)緣中央略隆起,被中胸(xiong)背(bei)板(ban)端部(bu)(bu)(bu)分開,肩(jian)(jian)角(jiao)(jiao)明(ming)顯,前(qian)緣兩(liang)側黃棕(zong)色(se),其余(yu)均呈黑褐色(se),但(dan)(dan)有(you)(you)(you)的個體肩(jian)(jian)角(jiao)(jiao)處(chu)各有(you)(you)(you)1棕(zong)色(se)斑,刻點幾無(wu),但(dan)(dan)布有(you)(you)(you)棕(zong)色(se)毛。腹部(bu)(bu)(bu):除第6節背(bei)、腹板(ban)全(quan)呈橙黃色(se)外,其余(yu)各節背(bei)板(ban)均為棕(zong)黃色(se)與黑褐色(se)相(xiang)間。捕食多種昆(kun)蟲,在生(sheng)物防治(zhi)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)較大利(li)用價值,同時亦會吸食成熟水(shui)果,帶來一(yi)定(ding)害(hai)處(chu)。屬東(dong)洋、古北區系共有(you)(you)(you)種。
屬(shu)東洋、古北(bei)區系共(gong)有種。
國內分布(bu)面較廣(guang),北起吉林(長白(bai)山),南(nan)至(zhi)臺灣及廣(guang)東、廣(guang)西、云南(nan)南(nan)緣,東接國境線,西向沿遼寧、河北、山西、陜西(延安)、甘肅(慶陽、隴(long)南(nan)地區(qu))西斜,折入四川、云南(nan),止于(yu)盆地西緣和橫斷山系東側,是胡蜂科中常見種類之一(yi)。
國外分布(bu)于朝鮮、日本(ben)(北海道一九州)及歐洲(法國)。
頭(tou)(tou)部(bu)(bu):寬(kuan)較胸部(bu)(bu)窄,但略寬(kuan)于(yu)(yu)前(qian)胸背板前(qian)緣(yuan)。兩觸(chu)角(jiao)窩之間(jian)三(san)角(jiao)狀(zhuang)平(ping)面隆起(qi),隆起(qi)端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)伸達唇基(ji)基(ji)部(bu)(bu),額(e)溝明(ming)顯(xian),整個頭(tou)(tou)部(bu)(bu)桔黃色(se)(se)(se)(se),額(e)部(bu)(bu)及(ji)頰部(bu)(bu)較稀的(de)布(bu)有(you)(you)淺刻(ke)點,僅沿(yan)后頭(tou)(tou)邊(bian)緣(yuan)布(bu)有(you)(you)棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao),頰部(bu)(bu)寬(kuan),棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)單眼(yan)呈倒(dao)三(san)角(jiao)形排(pai)列于(yu)(yu)兩復(fu)眼(yan)頂部(bu)(bu)之間(jian),每個單眼(yan)周(zhou)圍略呈黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。觸(chu)角(jiao)支角(jiao)突深棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se),柄節(jie)(jie)棕(zong)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se),鞭節(jie)(jie)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se),唯(wei)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)數(shu)節(jie)(jie)的(de)腹面及(ji)端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)數(shu)節(jie)(jie)呈銹色(se)(se)(se)(se)。唇基(ji)略隆起(qi),寬(kuan)大(da)于(yu)(yu)高,全呈桔黃色(se)(se)(se)(se),密布(bu)刻(ke)點,沿(yan)端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)布(bu)有(you)(you)棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)中央凹陷,端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)兩側齒(chi)狀(zhuang)突起(qi)。上(shang)顎基(ji)部(bu)(bu)寬(kuan),近三(san)角(jiao)形,桔黃色(se)(se)(se)(se),端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)處呈黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se),端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)下半部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)3個齒(chi),上(shang)半部(bu)(bu)刃狀(zhuang),最上(shang)端(duan)(duan)有(you)(you)1短齒(chi),上(shang)顎布(bu)有(you)(you)刻(ke)點和極短的(de)毛(mao)。頰部(bu)(bu)明(ming)顯(xian)超過復(fu)限寬(kuan)。
胸(xiong)(xiong)部:前(qian)(qian)(qian)胸(xiong)(xiong)背板(ban)(ban)(ban)前(qian)(qian)(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)央(yang)略隆(long)起(qi),被(bei)中(zhong)胸(xiong)(xiong)背板(ban)(ban)(ban)端部分(fen)開(kai),肩角(jiao)明顯,前(qian)(qian)(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan)兩側黃(huang)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),其余均(jun)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),但有(you)(you)的(de)個(ge)體肩角(jiao)處各有(you)(you)1棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑,刻點(dian)(dian)幾無,但布(bu)有(you)(you)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。中(zhong)胸(xiong)(xiong)背板(ban)(ban)(ban)略隆(long)起(qi),中(zhong)央(yang)有(you)(you)細(xi)(xi)縱(zong)隆(long)線,刻點(dian)(dian)細(xi)(xi)淺而(er)稀(xi),布(bu)有(you)(you)稀(xi)的(de)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),全呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),但有(you)(you)些個(ge)體于前(qian)(qian)(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan)兩側及近翅基(ji)片(pian)(pian)處各有(you)(you)l條狀棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑。小盾片(pian)(pian)矩形(xing),略隆(long)起(qi),光(guang)滑(hua)(hua),稀(xi)布(bu)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),全呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),或棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。后(hou)小盾片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)下(xia)垂直,五邊(bian)形(xing),端部突出,光(guang)滑(hua)(hua)、無刻點(dian)(dian),稀(xi)布(bu)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),全呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),有(you)(you)時于兩側各有(you)(you)1點(dian)(dian)狀棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑。并胸(xiong)(xiong)腹(fu)節全呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),稀(xi)布(bu)淺刻點(dian)(dian),布(bu)有(you)(you)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),中(zhong)央(yang)自淺溝,背面平。中(zhong)胸(xiong)(xiong)側板(ban)(ban)(ban)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),布(bu)有(you)(you)淺刻點(dian)(dian)及棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。后(hou)胸(xiong)(xiong)側板(ban)(ban)(ban)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),光(guang)滑(hua)(hua)、無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)及刻點(dian)(dian)。翅基(ji)片(pian)(pian)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),內(nei)緣(yuan)(yuan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)暗,光(guang)滑(hua)(hua),后(hou)緣(yuan)(yuan)稀(xi)布(bu)短毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。翅呈(cheng)(cheng)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),前(qian)(qian)(qian)翅前(qian)(qian)(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)略深。前(qian)(qian)(qian)、中(zhong)、后(hou)足之各節均(jun)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),僅膝部及前(qian)(qian)(qian)足脛節背面呈(cheng)(cheng)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。爪光(guang)滑(hua)(hua)無齒。
腹(fu)部(bu)(bu):除第(di)6節(jie)(jie)背(bei)(bei)、腹(fu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)全(quan)呈(cheng)橙(cheng)黃(huang)色(se)(se)外,其余各節(jie)(jie)背(bei)(bei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)棕黃(huang)色(se)(se)與黑(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)相間(jian)。第(di)1節(jie)(jie)腹(fu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)全(quan)呈(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se),第(di)2至5節(jie)(jie)腹(fu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)黑(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se),僅(jin)于端部(bu)(bu)確(que)1棕黃(huang)色(se)(se)窄帶。第(di)1節(jie)(jie)背(bei)(bei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)與第(di)2節(jie)(jie)背(bei)(bei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)兩(liang)(liang)端橙(cheng)色(se)(se),中(zhong)間(jian)黑(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)。第(di)3至5節(jie)(jie)背(bei)(bei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)僅(jin)于端部(bu)(bu)邊緣為(wei)橙(cheng)色(se)(se),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)黑(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se),兩(liang)(liang)色(se)(se)橫帶相間(jian)之寬窄,個體間(jian)常略(lve)有差異。各節(jie)(jie)均(jun)(jun)較光滑,僅(jin)能略(lve)見淺細的刻點(dian),均(jun)(jun)布有棕色(se)(se)毛。
體長約(yue)30至(zhi)40毫米。職蜂較小。
近似于(yu)雌蜂(feng)。棕(zong)色(se)毛較密,體(ti)上常有些棕(zong)色(se)斑。
體長34毫米。
捕食多種昆蟲,在生物防治(zhi)上(shang)有較(jiao)大利用價值,同時亦會吸食成熟水果(guo),帶來一定害處。
鱗翅目幼蟲。