為膜翅目,胡(hu)蜂科。體長竟(jing)達40毫米,是世界上(shang)最(zui)大的胡(hu)蜂。頭部(bu):寬較胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)部(bu)窄,但略寬于前(qian)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)背板(ban)(ban)前(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan);胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)部(bu):前(qian)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)背板(ban)(ban)前(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan)中央略隆起(qi),被中胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)背板(ban)(ban)端(duan)部(bu)分(fen)開(kai),肩角明(ming)顯,前(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)側(ce)黃(huang)(huang)棕色(se),其(qi)余均呈黑褐色(se),但有的個體肩角處(chu)各有1棕色(se)斑,刻點(dian)幾(ji)無,但布有棕色(se)毛。腹部(bu):除第6節背、腹板(ban)(ban)全呈橙黃(huang)(huang)色(se)外,其(qi)余各節背板(ban)(ban)均為棕黃(huang)(huang)色(se)與黑褐色(se)相間。捕食(shi)多種(zhong)(zhong)昆蟲,在(zai)生物防治上(shang)有較大利用價值(zhi),同時亦會吸食(shi)成熟水果,帶來一定害處(chu)。屬東(dong)洋、古北區系共有種(zhong)(zhong)。
屬(shu)東洋、古北區系共有種(zhong)。
國內分布面較廣(guang),北起(qi)吉林(lin)(長白山),南(nan)至臺(tai)灣及廣(guang)東(dong)、廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、云南(nan)南(nan)緣(yuan),東(dong)接國境線,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)向(xiang)沿遼寧、河北、山西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(延(yan)安)、甘肅(su)(慶陽、隴南(nan)地(di)區(qu))西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)斜(xie),折入四川(chuan)、云南(nan),止于(yu)盆地(di)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)緣(yuan)和橫斷(duan)山系東(dong)側,是胡蜂科(ke)中常(chang)見(jian)種類之一。
國外分布(bu)于朝鮮、日本(ben)(北海道一九州(zhou))及歐洲(法國)。
頭(tou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu):寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)較(jiao)胸部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)窄,但略寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)于前(qian)胸背板(ban)前(qian)緣(yuan)。兩(liang)觸角(jiao)窩之(zhi)間三(san)角(jiao)狀(zhuang)平(ping)面(mian)隆(long)起(qi),隆(long)起(qi)端(duan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伸達唇(chun)基(ji)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),額溝明(ming)顯(xian),整(zheng)個(ge)頭(tou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)桔黃(huang)色(se)(se),額部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及頰(jia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)較(jiao)稀的布有淺刻點,僅沿后頭(tou)邊緣(yuan)布有棕(zong)色(se)(se)毛,頰(jia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan),棕(zong)色(se)(se)單眼呈(cheng)(cheng)倒三(san)角(jiao)形排列于兩(liang)復(fu)眼頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)間,每個(ge)單眼周圍略呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)色(se)(se)。觸角(jiao)支角(jiao)突深棕(zong)色(se)(se),柄節棕(zong)黃(huang)色(se)(se),鞭(bian)節黑(hei)色(se)(se),唯基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)數(shu)節的腹面(mian)及端(duan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)數(shu)節呈(cheng)(cheng)銹色(se)(se)。唇(chun)基(ji)略隆(long)起(qi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)大(da)于高(gao),全呈(cheng)(cheng)桔黃(huang)色(se)(se),密布刻點,沿端(duan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)布有棕(zong)色(se)(se)毛,基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)央凹陷(xian),端(duan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)兩(liang)側齒(chi)狀(zhuang)突起(qi)。上顎基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan),近(jin)三(san)角(jiao)形,桔黃(huang)色(se)(se),端(duan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)處呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)色(se)(se),端(duan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下半(ban)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有3個(ge)齒(chi),上半(ban)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)刃狀(zhuang),最上端(duan)有1短齒(chi),上顎布有刻點和極短的毛。頰(jia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)顯(xian)超過復(fu)限寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)。
胸(xiong)(xiong)部(bu)(bu):前(qian)胸(xiong)(xiong)背(bei)板(ban)前(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)略(lve)隆(long)起,被中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)胸(xiong)(xiong)背(bei)板(ban)端部(bu)(bu)分開(kai),肩角(jiao)明顯,前(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)側黃棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se),其余均(jun)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se),但有(you)(you)的(de)個體(ti)肩角(jiao)處(chu)各(ge)有(you)(you)1棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban),刻(ke)(ke)點幾無(wu)(wu),但布(bu)有(you)(you)棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)胸(xiong)(xiong)背(bei)板(ban)略(lve)隆(long)起,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)有(you)(you)細(xi)縱隆(long)線,刻(ke)(ke)點細(xi)淺而稀,布(bu)有(you)(you)稀的(de)棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao),全(quan)(quan)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se),但有(you)(you)些個體(ti)于前(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)側及近翅基片(pian)處(chu)各(ge)有(you)(you)l條狀棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)。小盾片(pian)矩形,略(lve)隆(long)起,光(guang)滑,稀布(bu)棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao),全(quan)(quan)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se),或棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。后(hou)小盾片(pian)向下垂直,五邊(bian)形,端部(bu)(bu)突(tu)出,光(guang)滑、無(wu)(wu)刻(ke)(ke)點,稀布(bu)棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao),全(quan)(quan)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se),有(you)(you)時于兩(liang)側各(ge)有(you)(you)1點狀棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)。并胸(xiong)(xiong)腹節(jie)全(quan)(quan)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se),稀布(bu)淺刻(ke)(ke)點,布(bu)有(you)(you)棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)自淺溝(gou),背(bei)面(mian)平。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)胸(xiong)(xiong)側板(ban)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se),布(bu)有(you)(you)淺刻(ke)(ke)點及棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)。后(hou)胸(xiong)(xiong)側板(ban)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se),光(guang)滑、無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)及刻(ke)(ke)點。翅基片(pian)棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se),內緣(yuan)(yuan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)暗,光(guang)滑,后(hou)緣(yuan)(yuan)稀布(bu)短毛(mao)(mao)。翅呈(cheng)(cheng)棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se),前(qian)翅前(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)略(lve)深。前(qian)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、后(hou)足(zu)之各(ge)節(jie)均(jun)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se),僅膝部(bu)(bu)及前(qian)足(zu)脛節(jie)背(bei)面(mian)呈(cheng)(cheng)棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。爪光(guang)滑無(wu)(wu)齒。
腹(fu)(fu)部(bu):除第(di)(di)(di)6節(jie)(jie)背(bei)、腹(fu)(fu)板(ban)全呈(cheng)橙(cheng)黃(huang)色(se)(se)外(wai),其余各(ge)節(jie)(jie)背(bei)板(ban)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)棕(zong)黃(huang)色(se)(se)與(yu)黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)相間。第(di)(di)(di)1節(jie)(jie)腹(fu)(fu)板(ban)全呈(cheng)黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se),第(di)(di)(di)2至5節(jie)(jie)腹(fu)(fu)板(ban)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se),僅于端部(bu)確1棕(zong)黃(huang)色(se)(se)窄帶。第(di)(di)(di)1節(jie)(jie)背(bei)板(ban)與(yu)第(di)(di)(di)2節(jie)(jie)背(bei)板(ban)兩(liang)端橙(cheng)色(se)(se),中間黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)。第(di)(di)(di)3至5節(jie)(jie)背(bei)板(ban)僅于端部(bu)邊緣為(wei)(wei)橙(cheng)色(se)(se),基(ji)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se),兩(liang)色(se)(se)橫帶相間之寬(kuan)窄,個體(ti)間常(chang)略有差(cha)異。各(ge)節(jie)(jie)均(jun)(jun)較光滑(hua),僅能略見(jian)淺細的(de)刻點,均(jun)(jun)布有棕(zong)色(se)(se)毛(mao)。
體(ti)長約(yue)30至40毫(hao)米(mi)。職蜂較小。
近似于雌(ci)蜂。棕色毛較(jiao)密,體上常(chang)有(you)些棕色斑。
體長34毫米。
捕食多種昆蟲,在生物防(fang)治上(shang)有較大(da)利用價值,同時亦會吸食成熟水果,帶(dai)來一定害(hai)處(chu)。
鱗翅目幼蟲。