黑(hei)盾胡蜂主(zhu)要(yao)分布在河北、陜西、四川(chuan)、浙江、福建、廣東、廣西、云南(nan);印(yin)度,越(yue)南(nan),法國(guo)。雌蜂體長約(yue)21毫(hao)米,頭部(bu)寬略(lve)窄(zhai)于胸部(bu)。兩(liang)(liang)觸角窩之間整個(ge)隆起,黃色(se)(se),額溝不明顯(xian),布有棕色(se)(se)較長的毛,刻點(dian)淺細,除兩(liang)(liang)復眼內緣凹陷及下(xia)側為(wei)鮮黃色(se)(se)外,額部(bu)及顱頂部(bu)均(jun)為(wei)黑(hei)色(se)(se)。雄(xiong)蜂:近似雌蜂。唇(chun)基端部(bu)無明顯(xian)突起的兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)齒;腹部(bu)7節。 在田野和林間較為(wei)常見,寄(ji)生菜青蟲(chong)、棉(mian)鈴蟲(chong)等(deng)。
河北、陜西(xi)(xi)、浙江(jiang)、四川、廣東(dong)、廣西(xi)(xi)、福建、云南(nan)、西(xi)(xi)藏;印度,越南(nan),法國。
雌蜂(feng):頭部(bu)寬略窄(zhai)于胸部(bu)。兩(liang)觸角窩之(zhi)間整個隆(long)起,黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),額(e)溝不明顯,布有棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)較長的(de)毛,刻點淺(qian)細(xi),除兩(liang)復(fu)(fu)眼(yan)(yan)內緣凹(ao)陷及下側為(wei)鮮(xian)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)外,額(e)部(bu)及顱頂(ding)部(bu)均為(wei)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。刻點細(xi)密(mi),布棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)較長毛,額(e)部(bu)單眼(yan)(yan)區略凹(ao)陷,棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)單眼(yan)(yan)呈(cheng)倒(dao)三角形排列于兩(liang)復(fu)(fu)眼(yan)(yan)頂(ding)部(bu)之(zhi)間。頰部(bu)鮮(xian)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),刻點淺(qian)細(xi),覆(fu)(fu)棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)毛。觸角支角突(tu)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),柄節(jie)背(bei)部(bu)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),腹面(mian)淡黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),鞭節(jie)背(bei)面(mian)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),腹面(mian)銹色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);端部(bu)數節(jie)背(bei)面(mian)亦(yi)呈(cheng)銹色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。唇(chun)基鮮(xian)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),略隆(long)起,布有細(xi)淺(qian)刻點及短毛,基部(bu)中央有小凹(ao)陷,端部(bu)呈(cheng)2鈍圓形的(de)齒狀(zhuang)突(tu)起。上顎鮮(xian)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),稀布淺(qian)刻點,覆(fu)(fu)短毛,端部(bu)齒黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),下部(bu)1/2有3個齒,上部(bu)呈(cheng)刃狀(zhuang),最上1個齒短而寬,極不明顯。
胸(xiong)(xiong)部(bu):前胸(xiong)(xiong)背板中(zhong)部(bu)呈(cheng)圓形隆(long)(long)起(qi)(qi),兩肩角(jiao)可見、全(quan)呈(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),布(bu)有細線刻(ke)(ke)點(dian)(dian),并(bing)覆(fu)(fu)較(jiao)長的棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)。中(zhong)胸(xiong)(xiong)背板全(quan)呈(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),略(lve)(lve)隆(long)(long)起(qi)(qi),中(zhong)央(yang)縱(zong)隆(long)(long)線明顯;刻(ke)(ke)點(dian)(dian)淺細,覆(fu)(fu)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)較(jiao)長毛(mao)(mao)。小(xiao)盾片(pian)(pian)全(quan)呈(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),中(zhong)央(yang)有1深(shen)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)縱(zong)溝(gou),刻(ke)(ke)點(dian)(dian)淺細,覆(fu)(fu)較(jiao)長棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao),隆(long)(long)起(qi)(qi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。后小(xiao)盾片(pian)(pian)五邊形,端部(bu)中(zhong)央(yang)角(jiao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)突出(chu),刻(ke)(ke)點(dian)(dian)細淺,全(quan)呈(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),向下(xia)垂直狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。并(bing)胸(xiong)(xiong)腹(fu)節亦(yi)全(quan)呈(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),但與后小(xiao)盾片(pian)(pian)相(xiang)鄰處為(wei)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),中(zhong)央(yang)縱(zong)溝(gou)亦(yi)為(wei)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),形成(cheng)1“Y”狀(zhuang)(zhuang)黑(hei)(hei)紋,刻(ke)(ke)點(dian)(dian)細淺幾不(bu)見,覆(fu)(fu)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)較(jiao)長毛(mao)(mao)。中(zhong)胸(xiong)(xiong)側板不(bu)隆(long)(long)起(qi)(qi),全(quan)呈(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),刻(ke)(ke)點(dian)(dian)細淺幾不(bu)見,覆(fu)(fu)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)較(jiao)長毛(mao)(mao)。后胸(xiong)(xiong)側板全(quan)呈(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),較(jiao)窄,下(xia)側片(pian)(pian)后緣與并(bing)胸(xiong)(xiong)腹(fu)節幾愈合(he),光(guang)滑。翅基片(pian)(pian)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),外緣略(lve)(lve)呈(cheng)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),光(guang)滑。翅呈(cheng)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),前翅前緣色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)略(lve)(lve)深(shen)。前、中(zhong)、后足均呈(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),唯各足跗節略(lve)(lve)呈(cheng)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),脛(jing)節距及各足爪的端半部(bu)、爪墊近黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),爪均無齒(chi)。
腹部(bu)(bu)(bu):第(di)1節背(bei)板全(quan)呈(cheng)(cheng)黃色(se),僅(jin)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)細柄處黑色(se),垂(chui)直(zhi)截面處中(zhong)央及背(bei)面中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)橫(heng)向各(ge)有1棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)線,刻(ke)點(dian)幾不見,覆棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)較(jiao)長毛(mao),腹板黃色(se),橫(heng)寬而短,呈(cheng)(cheng)扁三角(jiao)形(xing),覆短毛(mao)。第(di)2節背(bei)板黃色(se),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)有1黑色(se)窄線,近(jin)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)略(lve)呈(cheng)(cheng)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)橫(heng)帶,光(guang)滑(hua)無刻(ke)點(dian),覆棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)較(jiao)長毛(mao),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)兩側(ce)(ce)各(ge)有1略(lve)呈(cheng)(cheng)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)的(de)小(xiao)斑(ban)(ban),第(di)3 至5節背(bei)板,全(quan)呈(cheng)(cheng)黃色(se),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)兩側(ce)(ce)各(ge)有1略(lve)呈(cheng)(cheng)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)的(de)小(xiao)斑(ban)(ban),光(guang)滑(hua),覆較(jiao)長棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)毛(mao)。第(di)2至5節腹板全(quan)呈(cheng)(cheng)黃色(se),僅(jin)于中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)兩側(ce)(ce)各(ge)有1略(lve)呈(cheng)(cheng)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)的(de)淺斑(ban)(ban),光(guang)滑(hua),覆較(jiao)長棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)毛(mao)。第(di)6節背(bei)、腹板均呈(cheng)(cheng)黃色(se),近(jin)三角(jiao)形(xing),光(guang)滑(hua),覆棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)較(jiao)長毛(mao)。
體長約21毫(hao)米。
雄(xiong)蜂:近似雌蜂。唇(chun)基端部無明顯突(tu)起的(de)兩個齒。腹(fu)部7節。
體長約24毫(hao)米。
在田野和林間較為常(chang)見。據(ju)在廣(guang)西(xi)欽(qin)州三(san)十六曲林場觀察,蜂(feng)(feng)群在掛放鳥箱內過冬,根據(ju)這一特性,可(ke)采取保護過冬措(cuo)施,有利(li)次年繁蜂(feng)(feng)。此蜂(feng)(feng)喜食多種植物(wu)的花蜜和松毛蟲幼蟲。
菜青蟲、棉鈴蟲等。