劉秉璋(1826~1905),晚清重臣,淮軍名(ming)將(jiang)。字仲良,安徽廬(lu)江人。胸懷大志,青(qing)年中(zhong)舉成名(ming),由(you)于國家動(dong)亂,由(you)翰林(lin)院(yuan)編修而入(ru)軍幕(mu),投筆從戎,平吳剿捻后逐步(bu)成長為一(yi)名(ming)封建官吏(li)。中(zhong)法戰爭期間(jian),力抗(kang)外侮,指揮了著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)“鎮海之役(yi)”,維(wei)護(hu)了國家尊嚴。督(du)蜀十(shi)年,勤政廉(lian)潔,用竹籠古法維(wei)修都(dou)江堰水利(li)(li)工程,造福百(bai)姓。在“成都(dou)教(jiao)案(an)”中(zhong)維(wei)護(hu)民族利(li)(li)益,清廷罷其職(zhi)。一(yi)生淡泊名(ming)利(li)(li),卻十(shi)分重視教(jiao)育,為家鄉捐建了三樂(le)堂書院(yuan)、南(nan)京(jing)廬(lu)江試館(guan),培養了一(yi)大批(pi)有(you)用之材。
劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(1826~1905),字仲良,安徽省廬(lu)江(jiang)縣(xian)礬山鎮劉(liu)墩村(cun)人(明永樂間(jian)劉(liu)秉(bing)璋祖(zu)先遷此(ci)定居,改此(ci)地為(wei)(wei)劉(liu)家墩,后1983年地名(ming)普查時改名(ming)劉(liu)墩),農民(min)家庭,自幼讀書。咸豐(feng)十(shi)年(1860年),中進士,選為(wei)(wei)庶吉士,授編修。
同(tong)治元年(1862年),太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)占(zhan)(zhan)據江寧,劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)隨欽(qin)差大臣張芾軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)至皖南(nan),常(chang)(chang)(chang)為其籌(chou)劃進(jin)(jin)剿之(zhi)(zhi)策,深得李(li)鴻(hong)章(zhang)贊賞(shang)。李(li)鴻(hong)章(zhang)任(ren)江蘇巡撫(fu),移軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)上海(hai),鎮壓太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)時,即奏調劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)于(yu)帳下。劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)遂(sui)入淮軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。時上海(hai)駐有英人(ren)戈(ge)登(deng)訓練的(de)常(chang)(chang)(chang)勝軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),見(jian)淮軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)裝備低劣,服飾又差,皆(jie)笑而(er)侮(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)。劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)對(dui)諸(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)士說(shuo):“此不足(zu)病也,顧吾曹能戰否耳!”后經數戰,淮軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)戰勇(yong)敢,常(chang)(chang)(chang)獲大捷,深得常(chang)(chang)(chang)勝軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)飲佩,并積(ji)極配合淮軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)鎮壓太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。同(tong)治二年,太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)占(zhan)(zhan)福(fu)山,進(jin)(jin)圍(wei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)熟(shu)(shu),形勢(shi)(shi)(shi)危急。劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)會同(tong)潘(pan)鼎新、劉(liu)銘傳諸(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)福(fu)山,以救常(chang)(chang)(chang)熟(shu)(shu),并約常(chang)(chang)(chang)勝軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)以大炮轟擊(ji)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)營(ying)(ying)。太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)遂(sui)解常(chang)(chang)(chang)熟(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)圍(wei),回軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)福(fu)山。不久太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)占(zhan)(zhan)浙西(xi)各郡,危及江蘇,李(li)鴻(hong)章(zhang)急令(ling)劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)自募一軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),進(jin)(jin)圍(wei)嘉(jia)善(shan)(shan)。太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在水陸(lu)要沖(chong)的(de)楓涇、西(xi)塘(tang)筑石(shi)為壘(lei),遣(qian)數萬人(ren)防守(shou),與嘉(jia)善(shan)(shan)成(cheng)犄角之(zhi)(zhi)勢(shi)(shi)(shi),構成(cheng)嚴密防御陣勢(shi)(shi)(shi)。劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)率6000余人(ren),以吳(wu)長慶、況文榜、王占(zhan)(zhan)魁(kui)為將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),逼壘(lei)而(er)營(ying)(ying)。先(xian)集中兵力攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)破(po)西(xi)塘(tang),而(er)后乘(cheng)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)進(jin)(jin),攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)占(zhan)(zhan)楓涇,并擊(ji)敗太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)從(cong)嘉(jia)興(xing)、平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)湖(hu)、乍浦(pu)(pu)等地前(qian)(qian)來的(de)數萬援軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。因鎮壓太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有功,清(qing)(qing)廷(ting)降(jiang)旨(zhi)嘉(jia)獎(jiang),以侍(shi)講(jiang)遇缺(que)題奏。太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)雖累敗,但仍以張涇匯為護(hu)衛,據守(shou)嘉(jia)善(shan)(shan)。劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)約太(tai)湖(hu)師(shi)船,水陸(lu)夾擊(ji)張涇匯。嘉(jia)善(shan)(shan)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)來援,劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)憑河督戰,腿受(shou)槍(qiang)傷,不后退。士卒鳧濠直(zhi)進(jin)(jin),將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)張涇匯攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)破(po)。嘉(jia)善(shan)(shan)及平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)湖(hu)、乍浦(pu)(pu)等地亦(yi)被克復。同(tong)治三年七月(yue),劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)會同(tong)總兵程啟學進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)嘉(jia)興(xing),盡(jin)毀城外太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)營(ying)(ying)壘(lei)。他肉搏(bo)登(deng)城,晝夜仰攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),擲火焚城中火藥庫,將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)城攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)破(po),殺害(hai)榮王廖發(fa)壽(shou)、挺王劉(liu)德(de)功,清(qing)(qing)廷(ting)降(jiang)旨(zhi)賞(shang)戴花翎。繼而(er)進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)湖(hu)州,攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)占(zhan)(zhan)吳(wu)溇、南(nan)澤,連戰皆(jie)捷,將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)浙西(xi)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)肅(su)清(qing)(qing)。因劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)治軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)嚴整,親冒矢石(shi),清(qing)(qing)廷(ting)降(jiang)旨(zhi)賞(shang)振勇(yong)巴圖魯名(ming)號,遇有應升(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)缺(que),開列在前(qian)(qian)。十月(yue),補右(you)春坊右(you)庶(shu)(shu)子(zi),旋轉正庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)。復升(sheng)侍(shi)講(jiang)學士。
同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)四年(nian)(nian)二月(yue)(yue)(yue),捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)復熾。清(qing)廷命曾(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)欽差(cha)大臣,前往督(du)剿(jiao)。曾(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)即(ji)奏調劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)襄辦(ban)(ban)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)務(wu)。四月(yue)(yue)(yue),授(shou)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)江蘇(su)按察(cha)使(shi)(shi)(shi),統軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)駐(zhu)徐(xu)州。時(shi)捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)轉戰(zhan)無定,忽(hu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)忽(hu)西(xi)(xi)難以(yi)剿(jiao)捕。曾(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)、李鴻(hong)章皆主張將捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)驅之一隅,聚而(er)(er)殲之。眾認為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)法不切實際,唯劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)“獨(du)深(shen)贊(zan)之”。五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue),捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)進(jin)攻(gong)宿(su)遷埠了(le)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、洋河(he)集,徑(jing)趨運(yun)(yun)河(he)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)遣吳長(chang)慶、王占魁夜襲(xi)其營,循舊堤追(zhui)(zhui)擊(ji)(ji),大敗(bai)捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)首領任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)柱(zhu)、賴文(wen)光(guang)(guang)與張宗禹(yu)失散,復折(zhe)而(er)(er)南(nan),渡澮、渦兩河(he),入懷(huai)遠(yuan)、鳳臺境。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)追(zhui)(zhui)至(zhi)蒙城,會盛軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)共剿(jiao)。七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue),任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)柱(zhu)、賴文(wen)光(guang)(guang)與張宗禹(yu)會合于(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)南(nan)石固鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),將攻(gong)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)追(zhui)(zhui)至(zhi)禹(yu)城寨(zhai),以(yi)馬隊進(jin)擊(ji)(ji),又大破捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)擺脫困境,免遭全殲,分為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩部(bu)(bu)(bu)。張宗禹(yu)率(lv)一部(bu)(bu)(bu)西(xi)(xi)往,是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)捻(nian)(nian)。任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)柱(zhu)、賴文(wen)光(guang)(guang)率(lv)一部(bu)(bu)(bu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)往,是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)。曾(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)將進(jin)剿(jiao)西(xi)(xi)捻(nian)(nian)之任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),委(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)松山,命劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)與提(ti)督(du)楊鼎(ding)勛(xun)等軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)豫(yu)西(xi)(xi),以(yi)圍東(dong)(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)。十二月(yue)(yue)(yue),東(dong)(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)轉戰(zhan)入湖(hu)北,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)追(zhui)(zhui)擊(ji)(ji),敗(bai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)德(de)安(an)(an)。同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)六年(nian)(nian)二月(yue)(yue)(yue),功授(shou)山西(xi)(xi)布政使(shi)(shi)(shi),因剿(jiao)捻(nian)(nian)在(zai)急(ji),未(wei)能到任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)德(de)安(an)(an)之敗(bai)后,折(zhe)入安(an)(an)徽霍山、太湖(hu)間。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)日(ri)夜疾馳宿(su)松,迎頭將其擊(ji)(ji)敗(bai)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)復走(zou)湖(hu)北,自(zi)(zi)孝(xiao)感小(xiao)河(he)溪(xi)徑(jing)趨河(he)口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)會勛(xun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)進(jin)擊(ji)(ji),勛(xun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)先(xian)至(zhi)遇(yu)伏(fu),總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)張遵(zun)道遭擊(ji)(ji)斃(bi)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)乘勝而(er)(er)下(xia),勢(shi)不可遏(e)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)予以(yi)橫(heng)擊(ji)(ji),吳長(chang)慶、況文(wen)榜等各殊死戰(zhan),東(dong)(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)始潰走(zou)豫(yu)。六月(yue)(yue)(yue),李鴻(hong)章奉旨(zhi)代曾(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)督(du)師,自(zi)(zi)歸德(de)移駐(zhu)濟(ji)寧,擬采取“圍制”之策,扼(e)守運(yun)(yun)河(he),蹙東(dong)(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)海隅,進(jin)行聚殲。檄劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)速(su)赴(fu)濟(ji)寧,布置運(yun)(yun)防。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)得令(ling),即(ji)率(lv)部(bu)(bu)(bu)屯駐(zhu)運(yun)(yun)西(xi)(xi),會魯(lu)、豫(yu)、皖(wan)3省兵(bing)(bing)(bing),并為(wei)(wei)(wei)合剿(jiao)。七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue),東(dong)(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)敗(bai)魯(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)濰河(he),自(zi)(zi)安(an)(an)邱(qiu)、臨朐南(nan)走(zou),以(yi)規江淮。李鴻(hong)章急(ji)令(ling)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)由臺莊過(guo)河(he),會浙軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)防守清(qing)江。八至(zhi)十一月(yue)(yue)(yue),提(ti)督(du)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)銘傳(chuan)、郭松林(lin)等軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)累獲大捷,任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)柱(zhu)戰(zhan)歿,賴文(wen)光(guang)(guang)率(lv)余騎(qi)千余,南(nan)走(zou)清(qing)江。十二月(yue)(yue)(yue),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)與道員李昭慶,大敗(bai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)淮城。賴文(wen)光(guang)(guang)率(lv)部(bu)(bu)(bu)退(tui)走(zou)高寶水鄉,遭吳毓蘭華字營襲(xi)擊(ji)(ji),全軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)覆沒。同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)八年(nian)(nian),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)家父(fu)病逝,乞歸守孝(xiao)3年(nian)(nian)。十一年(nian)(nian),服闋入都(dou),詔授(shou)江西(xi)(xi)布政使(shi)(shi)(shi)。光(guang)(guang)緒元年(nian)(nian)(1875年(nian)(nian)),升江西(xi)(xi)巡撫(fu)(fu)。光(guang)(guang)緒六年(nian)(nian),因劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)江西(xi)(xi)巡撫(fu)(fu)期間,在(zai)平息新疆事件(jian)中,籌解甘餉,予以(yi)大力(li)支持,賞頭品頂帶。八年(nian)(nian),授(shou)浙江巡撫(fu)(fu)。此(ci)間,臺灣黃(huang)(huang)金滿嘯聚海濱,結伙為(wei)(wei)(wei)匪,官兵(bing)(bing)(bing)清(qing)剿(jiao),他遠(yuan)逃重洋,官兵(bing)(bing)(bing)撤走(zou),則又復出。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)到任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)后,經過(guo)詳細偵察(cha),發現(xian)內(nei)(nei)地(di)多有(you)間諜,故兵(bing)(bing)(bing)機泄露。他采取嚴辦(ban)(ban)保甲的辦(ban)(ban)法,割斷其與內(nei)(nei)地(di)的聯系。黃(huang)(huang)金滿因內(nei)(nei)地(di)坐(zuo)探被除,兵(bing)(bing)(bing)機莫測,窮蹙就撫(fu)(fu)。
光(guang)緒(xu)十年(nian),法軍侵略越南事起(qi),劉(liu)秉(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)為防(fang)御(yu)法軍入侵中國,遂親巡(xun)海(hai)口(kou)沿岸,筑長(chang)墻(qiang)綿(mian)亙(gen)數十里,置(zhi)地(di)雷,封(feng)海(hai)口(kou),令(ling)所有(you)兵輪(lun)加強戒備(bei)。光(guang)緒(xu)十一年(nian)一月,法軍果突(tu)入蛟門,劉(liu)秉(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)令(ling)炮臺守(shou)將守(shou)備(bei)吳杰,發巨炮將法艦(jian)(jian)擊(ji)(ji)退。越數日,法艦(jian)(jian)復入虎蹲山(shan)北,劉(liu)秉(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)令(ling)守(shou)軍迎擊(ji)(ji),發炮擊(ji)(ji)中法艦(jian)(jian)煙筒(tong)和后艄,法將迷祿中炮身亡,大(da)敗而逃(tao)。法軍大(da)艦(jian)(jian)進攻受挫,則放小(xiao)(xiao)輪(lun)潛(qian)窺南岸,竄犯寶山(shan)口(kou),劉(liu)秉(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)令(ling)總兵錢(qian)(qian)玉興挑選驍(xiao)勇之(zhi)士,組(zu)成敢死隊潛(qian)伏清(qing)泉嶺下,突(tu)而擊(ji)(ji)之(zhi),將法軍打得大(da)敗,擊(ji)(ji)斃(bi)和落水死者不(bu)(bu)計(ji)其(qi)數。鎮海(hai)之(zhi)役,計(ji)擊(ji)(ji)沉法艦(jian)(jian)一艘,重(zhong)創三艘,火輪(lun)、小(xiao)(xiao)船多只,給侵略者以沉重(zhong)的打擊(ji)(ji)。自此,法軍不(bu)(bu)敢再(zai)犯。事畢,劉(liu)秉(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)具(ju)疏,力諫擴充海(hai)防(fang),以備(bei)不(bu)(bu)虞。光(guang)緒(xu)十二(er)年(nian),劉(liu)秉(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)升四川(chuan)總督。川(chuan)省幅(fu)員遼闊,外接(jie)少數民(min)族地(di)區,內(nei)多匪盜,社會(hui)極不(bu)(bu)穩定(ding)。劉(liu)秉(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)到任后,先后將萬縣崔英河、茂州何三木匠(jiang),川(chuan)北陳坤山(shan),秀山(shan)姚(yao)復乾(qian)等(deng)勢力平定(ding)。繼而采取屯田之(zhi)策,安(an)撫(fu)少數民(min)族,大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)涼(liang)山(shan)拉(la)布浪蟾對(dui)等(deng)少數民(min)族皆請服。光(guang)緒(xu)二(er)十年(nian)元(yuan)月,奉懿旨(zhi)賞加太(tai)子少保(bao)銜并御(yu)書長(chang)壽字(zi)、福壽字(zi)和如意蟒袍等(deng)件。劉(liu)秉(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)剛任四川(chuan)總督時,即奏調試(shi)用道葉毓榮(rong)、總兵錢(qian)(qian)玉興等(deng)至蜀,對(dui)其(qi)非常(chang)信任。御(yu)史鐘(zhong)德(de)祥對(dui)劉(liu)秉(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)此舉,進行強烈彈劾。清(qing)廷以濫舉非人,照溺職(zhi)例,降旨(zhi)革職(zhi)留任。十月,奉旨(zhi)開(kai)缺至京,令(ling)其(qi)俟新督到任,再(zai)行交卸。
光緒(xu)十二年(1886),劉(liu)秉璋(zhang)(zhang)任(ren)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)總督(du),在(zai)川(chuan)(chuan)先(xian)后派兵(bing)鎮壓萬(wan)縣(xian)、川(chuan)(chuan)北(bei)、酉陽(yang)等地(di)農民起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi),剿滅西昌(chang)地(di)區(qu)彝民起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)和藏民起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事,又一再(zai)增(zeng)兵(bing)屯駐(zhu)西南邊陲,以(yi)(yi)(yi)資鎮懾。查辦(ban)遺(yi)留的“重慶教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)案”。因美(mei)、英(ying)(ying)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會強行占地(di)建(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂,民眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)反對,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會組織武裝(zhuang)殺傷30余(yu)人,激起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)公(gong)憤(fen)反教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會,焚毀教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學,散(san)發傳單,揭(jie)露美(mei)、英(ying)(ying)幫助日本侵(qin)略中(zhong)國(guo)的罪行,使(shi)美(mei)、英(ying)(ying)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會更為不(bu)(bu)滿,關殺兒童和民眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。洋人踐踏中(zhong)國(guo)主權,激起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)川(chuan)(chuan)西11縣(xian)民眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來反教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會。劉(liu)秉璋(zhang)(zhang)在(zai)查處中(zhong),他只是逮捕(bu)亂民石匯等,繩之以(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa),并(bing)殺教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)紳羅元義(yi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)泄民憤(fen)。至是省(sheng)城民教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)構(gou)釁(xin),各屬繼(ji)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。旬日間,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂被(bei)燒10余(yu)處,且蔓延(yan)到省(sheng)外(wai)。對外(wai)國(guo)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)設立的教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂,清(qing)廷早有旨諭,令(ling)“各省(sheng)督(du)撫,嚴飭地(di)方官加(jia)意保護”。御史(shi)吳光奎奏(zou)參:“省(sheng)城滋事之始,劉(liu)秉璋(zhang)(zhang)堅置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)理(li),并(bing)未(wei)派兵(bing)彈壓,無(wu)業游民愈聚(ju)愈多,以(yi)(yi)(yi)致省(sheng)外(wai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)案層見累出”,加(jia)之在(zai)處理(li)“重慶教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)案”中(zhong),僅處死殺人兇手和鬧事首領,未(wei)鎮壓群眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),美(mei)、英(ying)(ying)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士不(bu)(bu)滿,紛紛致電總署,要(yao)求懲辦(ban)秉璋(zhang)(zhang),清(qing)廷據此,并(bing)迫于(yu)(yu)英(ying)(ying)、美(mei)、法(fa)公(gong)使(shi)要(yao)挾,將劉(liu)秉璋(zhang)(zhang)罷(ba)官歸(gui)里,以(yi)(yi)(yi)劉(liu)秉璋(zhang)(zhang)“任(ren)意廢弛,有負(fu)委任(ren)”,“著(zhu)行革職,永不(bu)(bu)敘(xu)用,以(yi)(yi)(yi)示懲儆(jing)”。光緒(xu)二十五年,清(qing)廷復(fu)用劉(liu)秉璋(zhang)(zhang),“詔再(zai)征之”。劉(liu)秉璋(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)疾不(bu)(bu)能(neng)赴。光緒(xu)三十一年(1905)病逝。逝后,由于(yu)(yu)兩江總督(du)周馥(fu)的疏(shu)奏(zou),清(qing)廷準其“復(fu)官,予優恤,建(jian)(jian)祠”。
閱(yue)兵松(song)潘道中作鈴轅小(xiao)隊擁旌旗,嘉命(ming)恭承遠(yuan)視師。馬(ma)齒六旬吾老(lao)矣,羊(yang)腸九折命(ming)驅(qu)之。層巒細入龍眠畫,秀嶺雄于太白詩。匹練(lian)懸(xuan)流三百里(li),匡廬瀑布未云奇。
舊院習已荒,榛蕪(wu)翳(yi)眾(zhong)綠(lv)。命匠稍經營(ying),累石間(jian)疏竹。習靜亦(yi)偶然(ran),為迓高賢躅。詼詭語驚(jing)人,嘯歌聲滿(man)屋。賓朋亦(yi)既(ji)醉,主人請繼燭。官(guan)樣與(yu)儒風(feng),一(yi)(yi)齊高閣束(shu)。歡笑忽欷(xi)歔,驚(jing)心羲馭速。皓(hao)首(shou)百(bai)(bai)無(wu)成,終須同草木。蓬蓽多窮黎,眾(zhong)樂慚于獨。寵(chong)命忝(tian)纓(ying)組,幽(you)懷(huai)寄泉谷。《道德(de)》五千言,止足(zu)義(yi)已熟。欲乞衰(shuai)朽身(shen),鄉關馳(chi)夢轂。一(yi)(yi)壑(he)猶能專(zhuan),生平愿(yuan)已足(zu)。此如傳舍然(ran),徒爾(er)勞板筑。新詩惠(hui)袞褒,盥手百(bai)(bai)回讀。
元龍意氣昔(xi)何如,荏(ren)苒光陰(yin)付(fu)子虛。政績不登循吏傳,文(wen)章豈有(you)茂陵書。死猶腐草螢光點,生比寒花(hua)蝶夢(meng)蘇(su)。壯不如人今(jin)老矣,片帆東去啖鰣魚。
望見(jian)蓬廬喜欲顛,弟兄慰問笑(xiao)喧闐(tian)。豪貲(zi)富擁書千卷,醉態狂歌詩一(yi)篇。清白差堪貽子姓,燒丹(dan)何必學神仙。興來沽酒(jiu)招(zhao)朋好,斫膾(kuai)烹雌足(zu)俸錢。
劉(liu)(liu)家(jia)第二代五兄弟,子承父志,后(hou)來(lai)也都(dou)曾風云(yun)過一(yi)時(shi)。老大劉(liu)(liu)體(ti)乾,在袁世凱當政(zheng)時(shi)官(guan)(guan)至四川省省長(chang)(宣慰使),所謂兩代人先(xian)后(hou)督蜀(shu),一(yi)時(shi)傳為美談(tan);老二劉(liu)(liu)體(ti)仁(ren)是舉(ju)人,原(yuan)在京城(cheng)為官(guan)(guan),因不愿與袁世凱合作,遂(sui)棄官(guan)(guan)回家(jia);老三劉(liu)(liu)體(ti)信(聲木)成為著名(ming)的學者(zhe)(zhe)、藏書家(jia),他的關于(yu)楚(chu)辭類的藏書,被郭沫若稱(cheng)為海內(nei)第一(yi)。五兄弟中最負盛名(ming)者(zhe)(zhe),是后(hou)來(lai)出任中國實(shi)業銀行(xing)總經理(li)的劉(liu)(liu)體(ti)智(即老四晦之(zhi))。
劉晦之
劉(liu)晦之(zhi)(1879~1962年)名(ming)體(ti)(ti)智,晚號善齋老(lao)人,安徽廬江縣礬(fan)山鎮劉(liu)墩村(cun)人,晚清(qing)重臣四(si)(si)川總督劉(liu)秉璋(zhang)之(zhi)子。劉(liu)秉璋(zhang)在(zai)(zai)浙江巡撫任上(shang)時(shi),正值中法(fa)戰(zhan)爭爆發。他(ta)率(lv)軍坐(zuo)鎮杭州(zhou)。在(zai)(zai)戰(zhan)爭的(de)(de)關鍵時(shi)刻,他(ta)對家人說(shuo):“萬一戰(zhan)場失利,吾得(de)對國(guo)盡(jin)(jin)忠,夫(fu)人要盡(jin)(jin)節,三個兒子(指老(lao)大(da)劉(liu)體(ti)(ti)乾(qian)、老(lao)二劉(liu)體(ti)(ti)仁、老(lao)三劉(liu)體(ti)(ti)信)要盡(jin)(jin)孝,小四(si)(si)、小五尚小,送給李鴻章了。”此(ci)言一出,軍中將士無不鐵(tie)心報(bao)國(guo)。中法(fa)之(zhi)戰(zhan)鎮海一役(yi)歷(li)時(shi)103天,空前(qian)酷(ku)烈,全憑浙江一省的(de)(de)財力和兵力支持,最終戰(zhan)勝(sheng)法(fa)軍。法(fa)軍艦隊司令孤(gu)拔受重傷(shang),不久死在(zai)(zai)澎(peng)湖列島。劉(liu)秉璋(zhang)因此(ci)戰(zhan)獲勝(sheng)而擢升(sheng)為四(si)(si)川總督。
劉晦(hui)之正是劉秉璋的“小(xiao)四(si)”,自(zi)幼(you)聰慧好(hao)讀。因劉秉璋是李(li)鴻章(zhang)的至交,兩家又是姻(yin)親,故(gu)劉晦(hui)之從小(xiao)就得(de)以進入天津李(li)鴻章(zhang)的家塾,與李(li)氏諸子(zi)弟一(yi)起(qi)讀書,中(zhong)西文(wen)俱佳,又得(de)以與李(li)氏門生故(gu)吏及其子(zi)弟朝夕相處,過(guo)從無間(jian),還(huan)飽(bao)覽了故(gu)家舊族多年秘示人(ren)的典(dian)籍和收藏,這都(dou)為他后(hou)來從事(shi)(shi)銀行(xing)業(ye)和收藏事(shi)(shi)業(ye)打下了基礎(chu)。
劉晦(hui)之(zhi)的(de)文(wen)物收藏堪稱海內一流(liu),尤(you)其是龜(gui)甲(jia)骨片和青銅器的(de)收藏,世間罕有其比。
其(qi)甲骨文(wen)的(de)(de)收藏在戰前就(jiu)(jiu)達28000余(yu)片(pian),1953年(nian)全部出讓給國家(jia)。據文(wen)物部門統(tong)計(ji),現存我國大陸的(de)(de)龜甲骨片(pian),總共(gong)9萬余(yu)片(pian),分布(bu)在95個機關單位和44位私(si)人收藏家(jia)手里,而劉(liu)晦之(zhi)的(de)(de)28000片(pian),差不(bu)多就(jiu)(jiu)占了三分之(zhi)一,是(shi)私(si)人收藏甲骨最大的(de)(de)一宗。
1936年郭(guo)沫(mo)(mo)若亡命日(ri)(ri)本時,日(ri)(ri)子過(guo)得很困(kun)窘,有時連毛筆也(ye)買不起。劉晦之(zhi)(zhi)知其(qi)(qi)(qi)博學多(duo)才,就將自(zi)己歷年所收集(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)龜甲骨(gu)片,請人(ren)拓(tuo)出(chu)文(wen)(wen)字(zi),集(ji)(ji)(ji)為《書契叢編(bian)》,分裝成(cheng)20冊,托中國(guo)書店(dian)的(de)金祖同帶(dai)到(dao)日(ri)(ri)本,親手交給(gei)郭(guo)沫(mo)(mo)若,供其(qi)(qi)(qi)研究、著書。郭(guo)沫(mo)(mo)若見(jian)后嘆(tan)為觀止,從中挑(tiao)選(xuan)了(le)1595片,先期研讀(du)考釋,并(bing)據此著成(cheng)了(le)甲骨(gu)學上具(ju)有重要意義的(de)巨著《殷(yin)契粹編(bian)》,在日(ri)(ri)本出(chu)版。郭(guo)沫(mo)(mo)若在書序(xu)中一再感(gan)嘆(tan)道:“劉氏體智所藏(zang)甲骨(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)而(er)未見(jian),殆為海內外之(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan)。已盡拓(tuo)出(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)字(zi),集(ji)(ji)(ji)為《書契叢編(bian)》,冊凡二十,去(qu)歲夏間(jian),蒙托金祖同君遠道見(jian)示(shi),更(geng)允(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)選(xuan)輯若干(gan),先行景布,如此高誼,世所罕(han)遘。余即深(shen)受感(gan)發(fa),不揣谫陋(lou),取其(qi)(qi)(qi)1595片而(er)成(cheng)茲編(bian),視諸原著雖僅略當十之(zhi)(zhi)一,然其(qi)(qi)(qi)精華大(da)率(lv)已萃于(yu)是矣。”“……然此均賴(lai)劉氏搜集(ji)(ji)(ji)椎拓(tuo)之(zhi)(zhi)力,得以(yi)幸存。余僅坐享其(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)者,自(zi)無待論。”(郭(guo)沫(mo)(mo)若《殷(yin)契粹編(bian)·序(xu)》)感(gan)激之(zhi)(zhi)情,溢于(yu)言(yan)表。
抗日戰(zhan)爭(zheng)結束后,復旦大學胡厚宣教授從大后方返(fan)回滬,即常往市區(qu)新閘(zha)路上的小(xiao)校經閣拜訪劉(liu)晦(hui)之先生(sheng),與之訂(ding)交,參(can)觀過(guo)他(ta)的藏品(pin),并(bing)專門安(an)排學生(sheng)們前去參(can)觀他(ta)收(shou)藏的甲骨(gu)。那是(shi)用楠(nan)木(mu)盒子規(gui)(gui)規(gui)(gui)整(zheng)整(zheng)分裝起來(lai)的100盒甲骨(gu)。打開(kai)盒蓋,滿目粲(can)然。
另有甲骨拓本《書契叢編》20冊,每冊后附(fu)簡單(dan)釋文。這(zhe)套拓本,與盒內的(de)甲骨實(shi)物先(xian)后次序正相對照(zhao)。胡厚宣(xuan)曾查其甲骨實(shi)數,實(shi)為28192片。著名(ming)學(xue)者陳(chen)夢家還(huan)考(kao)證過,其中有300余片為徐乃昌隨庵的(de)舊(jiu)藏。
1953年,劉氏甲骨出讓(rang)國家,由中央文(wen)化部文(wen)物(wu)局接收,中國科學院考古(gu)研究(jiu)所將其又重新墨拓(tuo)(tuo)了(le)一遍(bian),拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)題名(ming)《善齋所藏甲骨拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)》。
對于劉(liu)氏所(suo)藏甲(jia)(jia)骨(gu)(gu)(gu),前(qian)些(xie)(xie)年(nian)中(zhong)國臺(tai)灣學者董作賓(bin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知何(he)故,認(ren)為“劉(liu)晦之(zhi)所(suo)藏甲(jia)(jia)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)號稱二萬片(pian),但大者多是(shi)偽刻(ke)”(《甲(jia)(jia)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)五十年(nian)》)。解放(fang)后,中(zhong)科院考古所(suo)主持甲(jia)(jia)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)學史上最權威的著錄《甲(jia)(jia)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)合集》時,認(ren)真考證(zheng)過一(yi)遍(bian),認(ren)為劉(liu)氏所(suo)捐(juan)獻的甲(jia)(jia)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)中(zhong),偽刻(ke)只有(you)112片(pian),還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到1/250,這(zhe)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)能算是(shi)“多”。董作賓(bin)還(huan)說(shuo):“他(ta)(劉(liu)氏)的精品,已(yi)選入《殷(yin)(yin)契粹(cui)編》,共1595片(pian),真是(shi)其(qi)余不(bu)(bu)(bu)足觀(guan)也已(yi)。”而(er)事實是(shi),郭(guo)(guo)沫若、胡厚宣在編《甲(jia)(jia)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)合集》時,經詳(xiang)加考證(zheng),證(zheng)明(ming)郭(guo)(guo)氏當(dang)年(nian)編的《殷(yin)(yin)契粹(cui)編》所(suo)收(shou),固然(ran)都(dou)是(shi)精品,但精品并(bing)沒有(you)收(shou)完,如四方風名刻(ke)辭和一(yi)些(xie)(xie)特大的牛胛骨(gu)(gu)(gu)卜辭,就沒有(you)收(shou)進(jin)。
而《甲骨文(wen)合集》在(zai)編輯過程中,就從善齋(zhai)拓本中又(you)選(xuan)錄了不少精(jing)品,而且(qie)有的還很重要(yao),并(bing)非“其余不足(zu)觀也已”。董(dong)氏所說,不知何據?
除(chu)去甲(jia)骨和青銅(tong)器的收藏之(zhi)外(wai),小校經閣內還以藏書著(zhu)名。劉氏藏書達10萬冊之(zhi)巨。
1934年(nian)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)住宅里實在(zai)容納不下日益增多的(de)(de)(de)藏(zang)(zang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)了(le),只好專門造一藏(zang)(zang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)樓,取名小校經閣。他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)藏(zang)(zang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)以明清精刻為主,亦不乏宋元古本(ben)。至解放時,尚有宋版9部、各(ge)地方(fang)志1000余部,善本(ben)達1928冊(此(ci)為解放初上海市文管會接收時考訂的(de)(de)(de)結果)。這些書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)籍(ji)分(fen)裝在(zai)500只特制的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)箱(xiang)里,打(da)開書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)箱(xiang)箱(xiang)蓋,上面罩了(le)一層細細的(de)(de)(de)鐵絲網,這是為了(le)在(zai)曝(pu)曬時防(fang)止老(lao)鼠鉆進去而特設(she)的(de)(de)(de)。
劉氏(shi)藏(zang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)還(huan)有(you)一個與眾不同的(de)特點,就(jiu)是《四庫全書(shu)(shu)(shu)》中(zhong)被當時四庫館(guan)臣們刪改(gai)過(guo)的(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu),他必須收(shou)得原來的(de)舊本(ben)。他立志(zhi)要把《四庫》中(zhong)“存目(mu)”之書(shu)(shu)(shu),依目(mu)錄統(tong)統(tong)收(shou)齊(qi),收(shou)不齊(qi)就(jiu)借來抄錄副(fu)本(ben)。他要以(yi)一己之力,收(shou)齊(qi)《四庫全書(shu)(shu)(shu)》所收(shou)書(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)原刻本(ben),統(tong)統(tong)恢復舊貌,因此(ci)這小(xiao)校經(jing)閣,長年雇著十(shi)幾名抄書(shu)(shu)(shu)、校書(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)工匠(jiang),書(shu)(shu)(shu)山書(shu)(shu)(shu)海,忙得不停。
解放(fang)后,劉(liu)氏所有的藏書(shu)連同那500只箱(xiang)子(zi),全部捐(juan)給上(shang)海市文(wen)管(guan)會,后又轉入上(shang)海圖書(shu)館。第(di)一(yi)批(pi)捐(juan)書(shu)326箱(xiang),67873冊(ce);第(di)二(er)批(pi)捐(juan)歷代碑(bei)刻(ke)拓本282種(zhong)(zhong),共436冊(ce),其(qi)中有漢(han)魏名碑(bei)50種(zhong)(zhong);晉至隋79種(zhong)(zhong)、唐185種(zhong)(zhong)、宋金(jin)元明122種(zhong)(zhong)、雜帖(tie)36種(zhong)(zhong);第(di)三批(pi)捐(juan)書(shu)34箱(xiang)。
1951年9月,還捐獻了上古三代及秦(qin)漢時期(qi)的(de)兵器130件,分裝(zhuang)二十個箱(xiang)子里,后(hou)由上海(hai)市(shi)文管(guan)會(hui)轉交上海(hai)博物館保存(cun)。為此(ci),陳毅市(shi)長曾(ceng)頒發(fa)嘉獎令,表彰他的(de)愛國精(jing)神(shen)。
劉晦之(zhi)逝于(yu)1962年,在(zai)(zai)生前已把(ba)所有藏品捐(juan)獻殆(dai)盡(還有一大(da)批古(gu)墨、古(gu)硯捐(juan)獻給安徽省(sheng)博(bo)物(wu)館,該(gai)館為之(zhi)特辟“中國(guo)歷代古(gu)墨陳列室”),身后不留一石一木,這(zhe)在(zai)(zai)私(si)家收藏史上,亦是為數不多的(de)。