永(yong)(yong)濟(ji)(ji)市伍姓(xing)湖濕(shi)地(di)(di)自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)緊鄰山(shan)西省(sheng)西南端永(yong)(yong)濟(ji)(ji)市區(qu)。以(yi)伍姓(xing)湖水面為中心(xin),西接市區(qu)東外(wai)環路(lu)(lu),東到涑水河(he)與姚暹渠交叉入湖口,南臨中條山(shan)下運(yun)(yun)風旅(lv)(lv)游路(lu)(lu),北(bei)(bei)至運(yun)(yun)風高速路(lu)(lu)以(yi)北(bei)(bei)約1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)處(chu)。東西長7.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),南北(bei)(bei)寬5.9公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。總控(kong)制面積38平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),其中核心(xin)水面11.3平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),是山(shan)西乃至華北(bei)(bei)半干旱地(di)(di)區(qu)罕見(jian)的一座(zuo)大(da)型濕(shi)地(di)(di)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內有多(duo)種鳥類及野生(sheng)(sheng)植物,是許多(duo)珍稀鳥類遷徙的棲息(xi)地(di)(di)和中轉站。為有效(xiao)的保(bao)護(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統和野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植物,開發生(sheng)(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)游,永(yong)(yong)濟(ji)(ji)市人民政府(fu)于2010年9月批準成立了伍姓(xing)湖濕(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)開發領(ling)導組(zu),負責濕(shi)地(di)(di)的保(bao)護(hu)(hu),科研科普,開發利用等工作。
伍(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)其(qi)實(shi)沒有(you)十(shi)分清晰(xi)的湖(hu)界,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多則湖(hu)面(mian)大,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)少(shao)則湖(hu)面(mian)小。1959年湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)最(zui)高,湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)容積(ji)(ji)達4555.6萬立方米。據(ju)多年監測,伍(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)一般在10平方公(gong)里至20平方公(gong)里,最(zui)大時可(ke)達40平方公(gong)里;水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)1米到3米,最(zui)大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)達到過4米(1956年)。1946年,連續干旱曾導(dao)致(zhi)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干涸。20世紀60年代(dai),上游涑水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河、姚暹(xian)渠興建多座水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,70年代(dai)周邊(bian)地(di)區(qu)大面(mian)積(ji)(ji)開采地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),加(jia)(jia)之(zhi)氣候干旱少(shao)雨,致(zhi)伍(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)長期干涸無水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),變成荒灘。后來尊村引黃泵站(zhan)建成運(yun)行,實(shi)施大面(mian)積(ji)(ji)灌溉,加(jia)(jia)之(zhi)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量的增多,伍(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)內復又蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),并利用其(qi)有(you)限的湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發展(zhan)起水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產漁業。
翻看歷史文獻,一個煙波浩渺(miao)、風景(jing)如畫的大湖(hu)(hu)迎面而來(lai)。明(ming)代(dai)襄垣人王(wang)子俊曾在伍(wu)(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)(hu)旁(pang)建(jian)起別(bie)墅,并自(zi)記(ji)曰:“煙波渺(miao)彌,沙(sha)鳥上下,秋(qiu)則蘆花(hua)吹雪(xue),夏則蓮葉(xie)披云,把(ba)釣浮舟開(kai)窗待月,村樵漁(yu)子共(gong)話田園(yuan)”描繪出當時湖(hu)(hu)岸四(si)周(zhou)(zhou)山水依(yi)傍(bang)、耕讀漁(yu)樵的美好生活(huo)。明(ming)版《永濟(ji)縣志(zhi)·伍(wu)(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)(hu)》記(ji)載:“湖(hu)(hu)旁(pang)昔多樓臺,居人環繞,每夏荷花(hua)盡(jin)發,燦若霞錦,雜以綠萍、紅(hong)蓼、漁(yu)人、罟師,水鳧鷺,疑乃間作,飛浴相翔,致為勝觀”也(ye)印證了王(wang)子俊所記(ji)。公(gong)元1813年,清(qing)代(dai)蒲州知(zhi)府周(zhou)(zhou)景(jing)柱主(zhu)持對湖(hu)(hu)塘(tang)挑挖疏浚,并作賦《伍(wu)(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)(hu)歌》:“湖(hu)(hu)波泮淼不知(zhi)遠,澄作汪汪千頃(qing)波。平開(kai)鏡面天上下,靴紋屈織(zhi)鋪琉璃……”這位(wei)周(zhou)(zhou)知(zhi)府筆下的伍(wu)(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)(hu),儼然(ran)可與江南魚米之鄉(xiang)洞庭(ting)、鄱(po)陽(yang)媲美。