呂文煥(?—1298年(nian)?),中(zhong)國南(nan)宋后期(qi)將領(ling)。號常山,小名呂六,安豐軍(jun)霍丘縣(今安徽霍邱)人。呂文煥在(zai)宋蒙(meng)襄(xiang)樊之(zhi)戰后期(qi)任宋朝守將,與(yu)蒙(meng)元(yuan)相(xiang)持達(da)6年(nian)之(zhi)久。1273年(nian),襄(xiang)陽(yang)兵(bing)盡糧(liang)絕,呂文煥投(tou)降元(yuan)朝,并(bing)為元(yuan)朝策劃攻打(da)鄂州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(今湖北武(wu)漢),自請(qing)為先(xian)鋒(feng)。隨后為伯顏(yan)向導(dao),引元(yuan)軍(jun)東下,攻破(po)及招降沿江(jiang)諸州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。1276年(nian),元(yuan)軍(jun)占領(ling)南(nan)宋都城臨安(今浙江(jiang)杭州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)),呂文煥與(yu)伯顏(yan)一起入城。他官至江(jiang)淮行省右丞,1286年(nian)告老(lao)還(huan)鄉,大德年(nian)間卒于(yu)家。
呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)煥是南宋淮南西路安豐軍霍(huo)丘縣(今安徽霍(huo)邱)人,小名呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)六。他(ta)與(yu)(yu)另(ling)一南宋抗蒙將領(ling)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)德(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)出同(tong)門,關于(yu)他(ta)們(men)(men)之間的(de)關系(xi)(xi)(xi),一般認(ren)為是親兄(xiong)弟(di),但1959年出土于(yu)蘇州(zhou)的(de)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)孟的(de)墓志(zhi)銘(ming)中(zhong)稱(cheng)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)德(de)為呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)孟之“伯”,而稱(cheng)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)煥為呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)孟之“從叔父(fu)(fu)”,也就(jiu)是說他(ta)們(men)(men)并(bing)非親兄(xiong)弟(di)、而是堂(tang)兄(xiong)弟(di)的(de)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)。此(ci)外《宋史》中(zhong)記載(zai)(zai)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)福(呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)孟之父(fu)(fu))稱(cheng)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)煥為“從兄(xiong)”,也可以(yi)與(yu)(yu)墓志(zhi)銘(ming)中(zhong)記載(zai)(zai)的(de)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)氏家族關系(xi)(xi)(xi)互為印證(惟呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)煥與(yu)(yu)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)福年齡孰長待考)。
關于呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)鎮守襄陽以(yi)前(qian)的經歷,史書(shu)缺(que)乏記(ji)載(zai)。呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)曾自述“少服戎行,壯臨邊徼。干戈滿(man)眼,輕性命(ming)于鴻毛;弓箭在腰,系死生于馬足(zu)。不但馳驅于西(xi)北(bei),誓將屏(ping)蔽于東(dong)南”。呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)去世后(hou),與(yu)呂(lv)家過從甚密的方回在酬和呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)的詩中(zhong)有“猶憶妙年(nian)伐鬼(gui)國(guo)(羅氏(shi)鬼(gui)國(guo)),貳師擊宛(wan)騎斬郁”之(zhi)句,在為(wei)呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)作的挽詞中(zhong)又(you)言:“燕(yan)頷逢荊鄂,于今四十秋(qiu)。始聞降鬼(gui)國(guo),遄見拔(ba)瀘州(zhou)”。可(ke)見呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)早年(nian)從軍(jun),在宋理(li)宗(zong)寶祐年(nian)間(jian)隨(sui)呂(lv)文(wen)德(de)經略貴州(zhou)地區,開慶、景(jing)定年(nian)間(jian)隨(sui)呂(lv)文(wen)德(de)在鄂州(zhou)、四川等戰(zhan)場與(yu)蒙古作戰(zhan)。其間(jian)宋廷曾特授其中(zhong)亮大(da)夫州(zhou)防(fang)御使之(zhi)職,在制(zhi)書(shu)中(zhong)寫道:“敵王所(suo)愾(kai),既斬馘而獻俘;振旅(lv)而還,乃(nai)策(ce)勛而舍爵。具(ju)官(呂(lv))某,見推勛閥,蚤總戎昭。傳授六韜(tao)而起家,間(jian)關萬(wan)里而赴授。朕(zhen)拊(fu)髀思名將,一掃兵氛(fen);爾束發戰(zhan)匈奴,屢騰凱(kai)奏。宜加品秩(zhi),以(yi)獎忠勞。”從這(zhe)段制(zhi)書(shu)中(zhong)可(ke)知呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)在從軍(jun)前(qian)學習兵法,后(hou)被召至前(qian)線(xian),建(jian)有不少戰(zhan)功,已是一員頗(po)有名氣(qi)的年(nian)輕驍(xiao)將。
1262年(nian)(南宋(song)景定(ding)三(san)年(nian),蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)中統三(san)年(nian))十月(yue),當時鎮守(shou)四川的(de)呂(lv)文(wen)(wen)德(de)(de)將不聽(ting)調遣(qian)、御敵多逗遛不進(jin)且(qie)奏功(gong)(gong)失實的(de)將校姓名(ming)上報宋(song)廷(ting),其中有呂(lv)文(wen)(wen)煥(huan)的(de)名(ming)字,結果呂(lv)文(wen)(wen)煥(huan)遭到削兩秩的(de)處分。而后(hou)(hou)呂(lv)文(wen)(wen)煥(huan)隨呂(lv)文(wen)(wen)德(de)(de)鎮守(shou)京湖(hu)邊境,1266年(nian)(南宋(song)咸淳二年(nian),蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)至元(yuan)三(san)年(nian))與蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)將領張禧戰(zhan)于高頭赤山,不勝,被蒙(meng)(meng)軍奪(duo)去了(le)均州。當時,呂(lv)文(wen)(wen)德(de)(de)中蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)計,欲開(kai)榷場于襄陽城外,呂(lv)文(wen)(wen)煥(huan)曾捎信勸(quan)諫,但沒成(cheng)功(gong)(gong),事(shi)后(hou)(hou)呂(lv)文(wen)(wen)德(de)(de)頗為后(hou)(hou)悔。1267年(nian)(南宋(song)咸淳三(san)年(nian),蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)至元(yuan)四年(nian))十二月(yue),呂(lv)文(wen)(wen)煥(huan)以功(gong)(gong)累(lei)擢知襄陽府兼京西安撫副使,正式接替程(cheng)大元(yuan)守(shou)襄陽,抵(di)御蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)將領阿術(shu)、劉整圍攻。
從1267年(nian)(南(nan)(nan)宋(song)(song)咸淳三(san)年(nian),蒙古至(zhi)元四(si)年(nian))十一月(yue)開始,蒙古軍隊就(jiu)長期圍困襄陽(yang)城(cheng)(cheng),他們先(xian)后在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)西南(nan)(nan)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)東北修筑城(cheng)(cheng)堡,控制宋(song)(song)軍白河、漢水(shui)(shui)及陸路(lu)交(jiao)通,在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)西和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)立柵(zha),切斷宋(song)(song)軍東路(lu),又在(zai)迎旭門外(wai)漢水(shui)(shui)中筑臺阻遏南(nan)(nan)宋(song)(song)水(shui)(shui)軍。呂(lv)文(wen)煥急向呂(lv)文(wen)德求(qiu)援,呂(lv)文(wen)德認為(wei)襄陽(yang)城(cheng)(cheng)堅池深,未予重視。呂(lv)文(wen)煥多次出擊,均(jun)未能破圍。次年(nian)九月(yue),阿術采納(na)劉整(zheng)建議,訓練水(shui)(shui)軍7萬,造戰(zhan)船5000艘,以加強水(shui)(shui)上作(zuo)戰(zhan)能力,使(shi)宋(song)(song)軍無法再經漢水(shui)(shui)入援襄陽(yang)。
呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)困守孤城,間(jian)有張(zhang)世杰、夏(xia)貴、范(fan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)虎(hu)等人(ren)多次(ci)入(ru)援,但都以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)失(shi)敗告(gao)終。而(er)宋(song)廷(ting)(ting)對(dui)于呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)甚(shen)放心,朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷有人(ren)呼(hu)吁以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)經營襄(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)有經驗的(de)(de)高(gao)達代替呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)。1270年(nian)(南宋(song)咸(xian)淳六年(nian),蒙(meng)古至元七(qi)年(nian))春,呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)騎一萬五千人(ren)、兵(bing)船(chuan)百(bai)余人(ren)奇襲襄(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)西北的(de)(de)蒙(meng)軍的(de)(de)造船(chuan)基(ji)地萬山堡,反被蒙(meng)古將(jiang)(jiang)領張(zhang)弘范(fan)打敗。御(yu)史李旺向宰相(xiang)賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)(dao)(dao)進言起用高(gao)達,賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)(dao)(dao)說(shuo):“吾(wu)用達,如(ru)呂(lv)(lv)氏(shi)何?”李旺說(shuo):“呂(lv)(lv)氏(shi)安,則趙氏(shi)危矣(yi)!”呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)也聽(ting)到這(zhe)個傳聞,心里很不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)爽。他幕府中的(de)(de)一個門客獻計道(dao)(dao)(dao):“今朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)襄(xiang)急,故(gu)遣達;吾(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)捷聞,則達必(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成遣矣(yi)。”呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)采用了這(zhe)個計策(ce),抓獲了幾個蒙(meng)軍哨騎后就向朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)報捷。但事實上朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)并(bing)沒有急于派高(gao)達援襄(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)。從此事可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)看出(chu)賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)(dao)(dao)對(dui)呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)支持及呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)南宋(song)朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)相(xiang)互不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)信(xin)任關(guan)系(xi)。這(zhe)一年(nian),蒙(meng)古命宋(song)衜寫信(xin)勸降(jiang)呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),就稱(cheng):“足下在(zai)呂(lv)(lv)氏(shi)族中,最才最賢,(宋(song)廷(ting)(ting))必(bi)將(jiang)(jiang)易(yi)置腹心,尺書(shu)見(jian)召(zhao),魚(yu)脫于淵,其(qi)禍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可測也。”企(qi)圖(tu)離間(jian)呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)南宋(song)朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)間(jian)的(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)。
盡(jin)管如此,呂文(wen)(wen)煥仍奮力抗敵。1272年(nian)(南(nan)宋咸淳八年(nian),元朝至元九年(nian))五(wu)月,京湖(hu)制置(zhi)大使李庭芝派張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)順、張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)貴兄弟(di)入援襄(xiang)樊(fan),成功(gong)突(tu)破元軍封鎖,為(wei)(wei)襄(xiang)樊(fan)軍民送(song)來鹽、布(bu)等寶貴的物資。其間張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)順戰(zhan)死,呂文(wen)(wen)煥留張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)貴共守(shou)襄(xiang)陽,后來張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)貴試圖突(tu)圍(wei)與郢(ying)州(今湖(hu)北(bei)鐘祥)守(shou)將范文(wen)(wen)虎的援軍會(hui)合(he)時(shi),被元軍俘(fu)虜后遇害(hai),元軍派四名南(nan)宋降兵運(yun)送(song)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)貴的尸(shi)體到襄(xiang)陽,呂文(wen)(wen)煥將四名降兵全部斬(zhan)殺,并為(wei)(wei)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)順、張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)貴立雙廟以祀。
二(er)張入(ru)援失敗(bai)后,襄陽城(cheng)內物資緊(jin)缺,對外聯(lian)系也被斷絕,宋(song)朝援兵遲遲不來(lai),史載(zai)呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)“捍御應酬,備殫心力(li)。糧食雖(sui)可支吾,而衣裝(zhuang)薪(xin)芻斷絕不至(zhi)。文(wen)煥(huan)撤(che)屋為薪(xin),緝麻為衣,每一(yi)巡(xun)城(cheng),南望慟(tong)哭(ku)”。1273年(nian)(nian)(南宋(song)咸淳九年(nian)(nian),元(yuan)至(zhi)元(yuan)十(shi)年(nian)(nian))正(zheng)月九日,在(zai)回回炮的(de)助攻(gong)下,元(yuan)軍將領阿(a)里海牙攻(gong)克與(yu)襄陽唇齒相依的(de)樊(fan)城(cheng),并(bing)屠(tu)其(qi)全城(cheng),襄陽徹(che)底(di)成為孤城(cheng),元(yuan)世祖忽必烈降詔諭呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan):“爾等拒守(shou)孤城(cheng),于今五年(nian)(nian),宜力(li)爾主,固其(qi)宜也。然勢究援絕,如數萬生靈何?若能納款,悉赦勿治,且加(jia)遷(qian)擢。”呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)開始動搖了(le)。
攻(gong)破(po)樊城(cheng)(cheng)后,元(yuan)軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)領阿(a)里海(hai)(hai)牙移攻(gong)襄(xiang)陽,仍發回回炮轟擊(ji),所中無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)摧陷(xian),城(cheng)(cheng)中守軍(jun)大(da)(da)亂,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少宋(song)軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)士逾城(cheng)(cheng)降元(yuan)。劉整(zheng)以前曾到襄(xiang)陽城(cheng)(cheng)下(xia)勸(quan)降呂文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),被伏弩所傷(shang),因此主張(zhang)毀滅襄(xiang)陽城(cheng)(cheng)、俘虜(lu)呂文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),阿(a)里海(hai)(hai)牙不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)意,親(qin)自至城(cheng)(cheng)下(xia)再次勸(quan)降,告訴呂文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan):“君(jun)以孤城(cheng)(cheng)御我(wo)數(shu)年,今(jin)鳥飛路(lu)絕,帝(di)(忽必烈)實嘉能忠而(er)主。信降,必尊官重賜以勸(quan)方來,終不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仇汝置死所也!”張(zhang)庭珍也在城(cheng)(cheng)下(xia)喊道(dao):“我(wo)師(shi)所攻(gong),無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取(qu)者,汝孤城(cheng)(cheng)路(lu)絕,外無(wu)(wu)一兵(bing)之援,而(er)欲以死守求(qiu)空名,如(ru)闔郡之人何?汝宜早圖之!”元(yuan)將(jiang)(jiang)大(da)(da)達立主動請(qing)纓,偕(xie)譯史阿(a)里、員外郎王(wang)某(mou)進入襄(xiang)陽勸(quan)降,呂文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)設宴招(zhao)待(dai)他們,大(da)(da)達立綜合分析國(guo)際形勢、雙方軍(jun)事實力對比及襄(xiang)陽面臨的困境,對呂文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)說:“天(tian)眷吾有(you)元(yuan),海(hai)(hai)外內罔非臣(chen)(chen)屬,獨爾一隅漏王(wang)澤。今(jin)天(tian)兵(bing)云集,帶(dai)甲百萬,以中國(guo)之大(da)(da),供億無(wu)(wu)窮,筑長(chang)圍(wei),扼鹿門,橫亙江路(lu),攻(gong)具之奇,有(you)西域機石,飛三(san)百余步,以是(shi)樊破(po)無(wu)(wu)噍類(lei)爾。嬰(ying)城(cheng)(cheng)固守六(liu)載,為人臣(chen)(chen)義(yi)無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足,如(ru)生民何?圣(sheng)朝(chao)(chao)上應天(tian)時,下(xia)徇地利,中察時變(bian),平宋(song)必矣,其審思之!”此外元(yuan)將(jiang)(jiang)張(zhang)宏亦(yi)進行了招(zhao)諭。經(jing)過(guo)元(yuan)朝(chao)(chao)的多(duo)番工(gong)作,呂文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)內心(xin)已(yi)欲投降,但猶疑未決。于是(shi)阿(a)里海(hai)(hai)牙和(he)呂文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)折箭為誓擔保,呂文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)感泣,1273年(南(nan)宋(song)咸淳九年,元(yuan)至元(yuan)十(shi)年)二月二十(shi)四日,呂文(wen)煥(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)和(he)兒子出城(cheng)(cheng)投降,歸順(shun)元(yuan)朝(chao)(chao)。襄(xiang)陽因而(er)失(shi)守,南(nan)宋(song)滅亡已(yi)成定局。
呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)投(tou)降(jiang),元(yuan)(yuan)朝(chao)如(ru)獲(huo)至寶(bao),不(bu)僅由于(yu)襄陽的(de)戰略重(zhong)要性(xing),更加上呂(lv)(lv)氏家(jia)族在南宋(song)(song)舉足輕重(zhong)的(de)地位,正如(ru)胡祇遹(yu)所(suo)言(yan):“呂(lv)(lv)生(呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan))世握(wo)兵(bing)柄,兄(xiong)弟(di)子侄布滿(man)臺(tai)閣,宋(song)(song)君臣(chen)之孰賢孰愚,宋(song)(song)河山城郭之何瑕何堅(jian),宋(song)(song)兵(bing)民之多寡虛實,宋(song)(song)兵(bing)刑政之得失巧(qiao)拙,不(bu)為不(bu)知。”所(suo)以元(yuan)(yuan)朝(chao)決定優(you)待呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)、招降(jiang)呂(lv)(lv)氏子弟(di)與部下。呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)降(jiang)元(yuan)(yuan)后,奉旨(zhi)入朝(chao)覲見元(yuan)(yuan)世祖,1273年(南宋(song)(song)咸淳(chun)九年,元(yuan)(yuan)至元(yuan)(yuan)十年)四月(yue),呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)到達元(yuan)(yuan)大都(dou)(dou),并主動為元(yuan)(yuan)朝(chao)策劃攻打(da)南宋(song)(song)鄂州(今湖(hu)北(bei)武(wu)漢(han)),自請為先鋒(feng)。元(yuan)(yuan)世祖忽必烈封呂(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)煥(huan)(huan)為昭(zhao)勇(yong)大將軍、侍衛親(qin)軍都(dou)(dou)指揮使(shi)、襄漢(han)大都(dou)(dou)督,賜其將校有(you)差。
1274年(nian)(南(nan)(nan)宋咸(xian)淳十年(nian),元至元十一年(nian))二(er)月,呂(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)拜荊(jing)湖行省(sheng)參知政事,跟(gen)隨伯顏等(deng)征(zheng)討南(nan)(nan)宋,招降沿江(jiang)州郡(jun)(jun),陷沙洋、新(xin)(xin)城(cheng)(今(jin)湖北(bei)潛(qian)江(jiang)西北(bei))、鄂州等(deng)城(cheng)。元世(shi)祖命呂(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)率其(qi)麾下(xia)(xia),以善遇(yu)降將的圣旨,招諭(yu)元軍(jun)尚未攻(gong)下(xia)(xia)的州郡(jun)(jun)。當時沿江(jiang)諸將多(duo)是呂(lv)(lv)(lv)氏舊部(bu),爭相望風款附,投降元朝(chao)。當然也大有忠貞愛國(guo)之(zhi)士,如新(xin)(xin)城(cheng)守將邊居誼(yi)佯裝接受呂(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)的招降,誘其(qi)至城(cheng)下(xia)(xia),伏弩(nu)亂(luan)發,差點將呂(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)射死(邊居誼(yi)在(zai)城(cheng)破后赴火(huo)而(er)死)。宋廷多(duo)次派人請和,呂(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)不聽。元軍(jun)一路高歌猛進(jin),直抵南(nan)(nan)宋都城(cheng)臨安(今(jin)浙(zhe)江(jiang)杭州)。1275年(nian)(南(nan)(nan)宋德祐元年(nian),元至元十二(er)年(nian))五月,南(nan)(nan)宋太皇太后謝道清下(xia)(xia)詔曉諭(yu)呂(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)等(deng)人,呂(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)回書一封,不為(wei)所動,于(yu)是南(nan)(nan)宋朝(chao)廷下(xia)(xia)令(ling)籍沒呂(lv)(lv)(lv)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煥(huan)等(deng)人全家。
1276年(南宋(song)德祐二年,元至(zhi)(zhi)元十(shi)三(san)年)正月(yue),伯顏(yan)大(da)軍進(jin)逼臨(lin)安,南宋(song)投降(jiang),呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)率先入城,持黃榜宣諭軍民,并與范文(wen)虎(hu)參拜兩宮太后。1277年(元至(zhi)(zhi)元十(shi)四年),呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)被任命(ming)為江(jiang)淮(huai)行省左丞,仍(reng)宣慰江(jiang)東(dong),負責安撫南宋(song)軍民的工作(zuo),并提出了征收(shou)江(jiang)西(xi)茶稅的建議,使元朝在(zai)當(dang)地的統(tong)治秩序得(de)以鞏(gong)固。在(zai)這一(yi)過程中(zhong),呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)奉元世(shi)祖之命(ming)對能(neng)用的新附軍(南宋(song)降(jiang)兵(bing))每月(yue)發衣(yi)服糧(liang)餉(xiang),不(bu)能(neng)用的命(ming)他(ta)們屯田。跟從呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)辦事的江(jiang)東(dong)道按察使阿(a)八(ba)赤要求(qiu)呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)分(fen)金銀和宅邸、奴婢(bi)給他(ta),呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan)不(bu)同意。于是阿(a)八(ba)赤陷害呂(lv)文(wen)煥(huan),稱其“私匿(ni)兵(bing)仗(zhang)”。元世(shi)祖派御史大(da)夫相威前去調查,真相大(da)白后罷免了阿(a)八(ba)赤的官。
1286年(nian)(元至元二十三年(nian))正月,呂(lv)(lv)文煥以江淮行省右(you)丞(cheng)請老,辭官(guan)歸(gui)鄉,元世(shi)祖許之,仍任其(qi)子(zi)呂(lv)(lv)師圣(sheng)為(wei)江東宣慰(wei)使(shi)。
關于呂文(wen)(wen)煥致仕后的(de)情(qing)況,方回(hui)寫道(dao):“今平章政事常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)呂公以將相歸(gui)老金(jin)陵(今江蘇(su)南(nan)京)……扁(bian)舊百(bai)花(hua)亭(ting)(ting)曰‘錦(jin)繡香中’……又有亭(ting)(ting)曰‘知止’”。元朝(chao)文(wen)(wen)學家白樸(pu)的(de)《天(tian)籟集》收錄有他為已致仕的(de)呂文(wen)(wen)煥寫的(de)祝壽(shou)詞,內容是(shi):“蓋世(shi)名豪(hao),壯歲(sui)鷹(ying)揚,擁兵上(shang)流。把金(jin)湯固守(shou),精(jing)誠(cheng)貫日,衣冠不改,意氣橫秋(qiu)。北闕絲(si)綸(lun),南(nan)朝(chao)家世(shi),好在(zai)云間建(jian)節樓。平章事,便急流勇退,黃閣難留。菟(tu)裘喜遂歸(gui)休,著(zhu)宮錦(jin)何妨萬里游。似謝安笑傲(ao),東山(shan)(shan)別(bie)墅(shu),鴟夷放浪(lang),西子扁(bian)舟。醉眼乾(qian)坤,歌鬟風(feng)霧,笑折(zhe)梅花(hua)插滿頭。千(qian)秋(qiu)歲(sui),望壽(shou)星光(guang)彩,長照南(nan)州(zhou)。”直到1298年(元大德(de)二年),還有呂文(wen)(wen)煥修建(jian)金(jin)陵常(chang)(chang)照庵的(de)記載。大約就在(zai)這年,呂文(wen)(wen)煥卒于家。
呂(lv)文煥與呂(lv)文德不同,他(ta)頗有才華,擅長詩文,故被元(yuan)人稱(cheng)為(wei)“呂(lv)生(sheng)”。現存他(ta)的一封《回本國書》,是1275年(南宋德祐元(yuan)年,元(yuan)至(zhi)元(yuan)十二年)南宋招諭他(ta)時所答復(fu)宋廷的信。該信用駢(pian)文寫成(cheng),不僅文采斐然(ran),也詳實披(pi)露他(ta)降元(yuan)的心路歷程,其內容如下:
“報國(guo)(guo)盡(jin)(jin)忠,自許初心之(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)愧;居(ju)城守難,豈圖末路(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)多差。茲祈轉念(nian)(nian)昔日之(zhi)(zhi)功,庶可(ke)少伸今日之(zhi)(zhi)款。明公問(wen)信(xin),歸人欲(yu)言:伏(fu)念(nian)(nian)某少服(fu)戎(rong)行,壯臨邊徼, 干戈滿眼,輕性命(ming)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鴻毛;弓箭在(zai)腰,系死生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)馬足。不(bu)(bu)但馳驅于(yu)(yu)(yu)西北,誓將屏蔽于(yu)(yu)(yu)東南(nan)。幸以(yi)微(wei)勞,屢收薄效,至(zhi)若襄城之(zhi)(zhi)計,最為淮甸之(zhi)(zhi)危(wei)。蠢茲無(wu)厭之(zhi)(zhi)戎(rong), 指為必攻之(zhi)(zhi)地,迅裂如(ru)水火之(zhi)(zhi)沖(chong)擊(ji),飄(piao)蕩如(ru)風(feng)雨之(zhi)(zhi)去來。坐一日以(yi)猶難,居(ju)九年而(er)(er)(er)可(ke)奈!南(nan)向高筑,蓋(gai)欲(yu)拒(ju)吾喉襟;樊(fan)城盡(jin)(jin)屠(tu),又(you)已去我(wo)(wo)羽翼。雖(sui)劉整(zheng)首先(xian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)犯(fan)順,而(er)(er)(er)焦(jiao)然中苦于(yu)(yu)(yu)黨奸。孤城其(qi)如(ru)彈丸,謂靴(xue)尖之(zhi)(zhi)踢(ti)倒(dao);長江(jiang)雖(sui)曰天塹,欲(yu)投鞭而(er)(er)(er)斷流。兇焰如(ru)斯,先(xian)聲(sheng)屢至(zhi)。臣能(neng)死爾,仰(yang)天而(er)(er)(er)哭,伏(fu)地而(er)(er)(er)哀;敵既深(shen)乎,析(xi)骸(hai)而(er)(er)(er)爨(cuan),易子(zi)而(er)(er)(er)食(shi)。尚冀廟堂之(zhi)(zhi)念(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo),急令鄰(lin)郡之(zhi)(zhi)聚兵(bing)(bing),委病(bing)痛于(yu)(yu)(yu)九年之(zhi)(zhi)間,投肌(ji)肉于(yu)(yu)(yu)群虎之(zhi)(zhi)口。因念(nian)(nian)張巡(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)死守,不(bu)(bu)如(ru)李陵之(zhi)(zhi)詐降,猶期后(hou)圖,可(ke)作內應。國(guo)(guo)手敗局留著,豈異尋常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)機(ji);俗眼據(ju)圖觀形(xing),寧識(shi)驪黃(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)馬?蓋(gai)使忠臣偶陷于(yu)(yu)(yu)敵國(guo)(guo),烏能(neng)絕意不(bu)(bu)念(nian)(nian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鄉閭?固(gu)知死也(ye)何補于(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng),安有(you)食(shi)焉不(bu)(bu)任(ren)其(qi)事(shi)?因銜北命(ming),乃擁(yong)南(nan)兵(bing)(bing),視以(yi)犬馬,報以(yi)仇讎。非曰子(zi)弟,攻其(qi)父母,不(bu)(bu)得已也(ye),尚何言哉!今我(wo)(wo)皇上亶其(qi)好生(sheng),開以(yi)自新(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu);明公都督(du)雖(sui)是問(wen)罪(zui),藹然念(nian)(nian)舊之(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)。安敢固(gu)違(wei),永為背叛?現(xian)今按(an)兵(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)動(dong),臥轍(che)不(bu)(bu)驚,撫此良辰,伏(fu)觀景命(ming)。且秦穆公之(zhi)(zhi)赦(she)殺馬,在(zai)野人猶知報恩(en);如(ru)齊威王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)相射鉤,愿(yuan)君子(zi)終(zhong)無(wu)忌怨。”