芒果视频下载

人物簡介

陳獨(du)秀（1879年10月9日(ri)-1942年5月27日(ri)），原名慶同(tong)，官名乾生，字(zi)仲甫，號實庵，安徽懷寧（今安慶）人(ren)。中國(guo)近(jin)(jin)現代(dai)史上(shang)偉(wei)(wei)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)愛國(guo)者、偉(wei)(wei)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)革(ge)命家(jia)與改革(ge)家(jia)、偉(wei)(wei)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)民主主義(yi)者、偉(wei)(wei)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)啟蒙(meng)思(si)(si)想(xiang)家(jia)。他是(shi)(shi)新文化運動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)發起者，是(shi)(shi)20世(shi)紀中國(guo)第一次思(si)(si)想(xiang)解放運動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)倡導(dao)者；是(shi)(shi)五四運動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)總司令，是(shi)(shi)五四運動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)指(zhi)導(dao)者；是(shi)(shi)馬克思(si)(si)主義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)積極傳播者；是(shi)(shi)中國(guo)共產(chan)黨重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)創始人(ren)；是(shi)(shi)中國(guo)共產(chan)黨第一代(dai)領導(dao)集體的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)領導(dao)人(ren)；是(shi)(shi)中國(guo)近(jin)(jin)現代(dai)歷史上(shang)第一個深刻總結、反思(si)(si)蘇聯和(he)社會主義(yi)民主政治建(jian)設經驗、教訓的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)。

主要經歷

個人經歷

陳獨秀于1879年(nian)10月9日（清光緒(xu)五年(nian)）出(chu)生在安(an)徽省安(an)慶市城北的一間別(bie)墅里。

1896年(nian)考(kao)中秀才。1897年(nian)入杭州求是書院(yuan)(yuan)（浙江大學前身）學習，開始接受近代西方思想文化。1899年(nian)因(yin)有反清言論被書院(yuan)(yuan)開除。

1901年(nian)(nian)(nian)因為進行反(fan)清(qing)宣傳(chuan)活動，受清(qing)政府通緝，從安慶逃亡日(ri)本，入(ru)東(dong)(dong)京高等師范(fan)學校速成科學習。1903年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月在上海(hai)協助章(zhang)士(shi)釗(zhao)主(zhu)編(bian)《國民日(ri)報(bao)》。1904年(nian)(nian)(nian)初(chu)在蕪(wu)湖創辦(ban)《安徽俗(su)話報(bao)》，宣傳(chuan)革命思想。1905年(nian)(nian)(nian)組織反(fan)清(qing)秘密革命組織岳王(wang)會，任總會長。1907年(nian)(nian)(nian)入(ru)東(dong)(dong)京正則(ze)英語(yu)學校，后(hou)(hou)轉(zhuan)入(ru)早稻田大學。1909年(nian)(nian)(nian)冬去浙江陸軍學堂任教。1911年(nian)(nian)(nian)辛(xin)亥革命后(hou)(hou)不(bu)久，任安徽省都(dou)督府秘書(shu)長。1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)參(can)加討(tao)伐袁世凱的“二次革命”，失敗后(hou)(hou)被捕入(ru)獄，出(chu)獄后(hou)(hou)于(yu)1914年(nian)(nian)(nian)到日(ri)本，幫助章(zhang)士(shi)釗(zhao)創辦(ban)《甲寅(yin)》雜(za)志。

1916年任(ren)北京大學文科學長（相(xiang)當于(yu)系(xi)主任(ren)）。

1918年和李大釗創辦《每(mei)周評論》，提倡(chang)新文(wen)化，宣傳馬克(ke)思主義，俗(su)稱“南(nan)陳(chen)北李”。是“五·四(si)”“新文(wen)化運動”的(de)主要領(ling)導人之一。

1919年6月11日，陳獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)在(zai)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)街頭親自散(san)發(fa)《北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市民宣言(yan)》時被捕入獄。消息(xi)迅速傳(chuan)遍(bian)全國，各(ge)界(jie)(jie)、各(ge)省(sheng)函電(dian)交馳(chi)，要求釋放(fang)陳獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)。學(xue)界(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)69名(ming)署名(ming)保釋陳獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)，其中有(you)(you)著名(ming)的教(jiao)授，也(ye)有(you)(you)普通的中學(xue)教(jiao)員；有(you)(you)新派人物(wu)，也(ye)有(you)(you)舊派人物(wu)。對五四運動持(chi)反對態度的田桐，也(ye)發(fa)表函電(dian)，要求立即釋放(fang)陳獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)。在(zai)各(ge)方的壓力下，陳獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)恢復(fu)了自由。胡適在(zai)6年后(hou)還念(nian)(nian)念(nian)(nian)不(bu)忘這件(jian)事。1925年12月，他在(zai)“北(bei)(bei)京(jing)群眾燒(shao)毀晨報館事件(jian)”發(fa)生后(hou)寫給陳獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)的信中提(ti)及此事。

1920年(nian)，在(zai)(zai)共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)幫助下，首(shou)先(xian)在(zai)(zai)上海(hai)建立中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)發起組(zu)織(zhi)，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)建黨(dang)(dang)活動(dong)。1921年(nian)3月(yue)24日，陳獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)受(shou)陳炯明之邀在(zai)(zai)廣東建黨(dang)(dang)。7月(yue)，在(zai)(zai)上海(hai)舉(ju)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)代表大(da)會(hui)上，被選為中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)局(ju)書記：陳獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)（1921年(nian)7月(yue)，中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)選舉(ju)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)）。后(hou)(hou)被選為中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)第二、第三屆中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)委員(yuan)會(hui)委員(yuan)長，第四、第五屆中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)委員(yuan)會(hui)總(zong)書記。在(zai)(zai)大(da)革命(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)，陳獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)多次(ci)(ci)(ci)反對共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)作指(zhi)示（為了保證合(he)作，共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)要求(qiu)共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)員(yuan)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)）。但是由于缺乏有(you)系統(tong)的(de)(de)、獨(du)(du)立的(de)(de)階級綱領(ling)指(zhi)導，使(shi)得陳獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)等一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)次(ci)(ci)(ci)被共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)領(ling)導層(ceng)(ceng)錯誤的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)指(zhi)令壓下去。激烈的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)是在(zai)(zai)1926年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)山艦事件后(hou)(hou)，陳獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)在(zai)(zai)黨(dang)(dang)報上發表公開信，單方面宣布退出國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)，引起黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)外(wai)轟動(dong)。因(yin)為共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)員(yuan)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)服從(cong)后(hou)(hou)者的(de)(de)紀(ji)律，是共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)為確保國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)作的(de)(de)既定(ding)戰略路(lu)(lu)(lu)線的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)（共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)為何執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)部(bu)分原因(yin)參見百度百科“一(yi)(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建成社會(hui)主(zhu)義論”的(de)(de)詞條(tiao)）。但不(bu)久后(hou)(hou)共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)領(ling)導層(ceng)(ceng)發來的(de)(de)指(zhi)令，使(shi)大(da)多數中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)黨(dang)(dang)員(yuan)繼(ji)續堅持舊政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)，而包括(kuo)陳獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)在(zai)(zai)內(nei)的(de)(de)異議分子無論如(ru)何也想不(bu)到要與(yu)這種路(lu)(lu)(lu)線徹(che)底決裂，另(ling)(ling)立獨(du)(du)立路(lu)(lu)(lu)線的(de)(de)無產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)階級政(zheng)(zheng)黨(dang)(dang)，因(yin)為他們(men)并沒有(you)形成完全有(you)別于共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)的(de)(de)另(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)革命(ming)綱領(ling)，更(geng)不(bu)了解當時(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)領(ling)導層(ceng)(ceng)內(nei)部(bu)托洛茨基一(yi)(yi)(yi)派與(yu)斯大(da)林一(yi)(yi)(yi)派正在(zai)(zai)就同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)革命(ming)問題進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)激烈的(de)(de)綱領(ling)斗爭。

大(da)(da)(da)(da)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命失敗對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)造成了(le)(le)強烈(lie)沖擊(ji)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)批(pi)優秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)干部（包括陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)）在(zai)反革(ge)(ge)(ge)命屠殺(sha)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)喪生，1927年(nian)(nian)到(dao)30年(nian)(nian)代初的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失敗浪潮使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)城市(shi)工人(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)力(li)嚴重削弱.。大(da)(da)(da)(da)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命失敗后(hou)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重大(da)(da)(da)(da)失誤是(shi)(shi)導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命失敗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)原因。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)不(bu)服(fu)，他(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命失敗了(le)(le)，作為(wei)(wei)總(zong)(zong)書記是(shi)(shi)要(yao)負責(ze)任的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)更有責(ze)任，自己只是(shi)(shi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)忠實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)者(zhe)而(er)(er)已，由他(ta)來承擔全部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任，于(yu)情于(yu)理都(dou)(dou)說(shuo)不(bu)通。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)被(bei)(bei)(bei)指犯了(le)(le)“右傾機(ji)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義”錯誤，在(zai)1927年(nian)(nian)八(ba)·七會(hui)(hui)議(yi)上(shang)(shang)撤銷陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)書記職務。這個(ge)栽贓陷害也是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黨(dang)(dang)史上(shang)(shang)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冤案(an)。其(qi)后(hou)，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)在(zai)苦悶中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)反思(si)，開(kai)始(shi)接受(shou)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)洛茨基派的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點，要(yao)求(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)接受(shou)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)派路(lu)線(xian)，即反對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)斯大(da)(da)(da)(da)林主(zhu)(zhu)義荒唐透(tou)頂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左(zuo)傾暴(bao)動(dong)路(lu)線(xian)，同(tong)時也反對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)盲目(mu)向(xiang)農村發展力(li)量甚(shen)至把游(you)擊(ji)隊高抬為(wei)(wei)紅軍(jun)（誠然，不(bu)僅陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)而(er)(er)且當(dang)(dang)時相當(dang)(dang)多數國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)(dou)低估了(le)(le)農民(min)(min)運動(dong)），而(er)(er)主(zhu)(zhu)張以國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)會(hui)(hui)議(yi)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心，主(zhu)(zhu)張從民(min)(min)權民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)斗爭(zheng)開(kai)始(shi)重新聚(ju)集力(li)量。1929年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)，因為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)東路(lu)事件，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)遠東局(ju)從一(yi)(yi)開(kai)始(shi)就(jiu)明確要(yao)求(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)要(yao)提出(chu)“武(wu)裝保(bao)(bao)衛(wei)蘇(su)聯(lian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口(kou)號，并(bing)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)和(he)(he)擁護(hu)(hu)蘇(su)聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群眾(zhong)示威。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毫不(bu)猶豫地(di)做出(chu)了(le)(le)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)應。他(ta)們(men)(men)召(zhao)開(kai)政(zheng)治局(ju)會(hui)(hui)議(yi)，決定開(kai)動(dong)一(yi)(yi)切宣(xuan)(xuan)傳機(ji)器，并(bing)在(zai)8月(yue)1日(ri)(ri)(ri)“反帝日(ri)(ri)(ri)”舉行(xing)示威，而(er)(er)且爭(zheng)取發動(dong)上(shang)(shang)海工人(ren)(ren)(ren)總(zong)(zong)罷工。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)專門致(zhi)信(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)提出(chu)批(pi)評，主(zhu)(zhu)張在(zai)這個(ge)時候片面宣(xuan)(xuan)傳“擁護(hu)(hu)蘇(su)聯(lian)”“于(yu)我們(men)(men)不(bu)利(li)”，絕不(bu)能簡(jian)單地(di)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)“廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)群眾(zhong)都(dou)(dou)認(ren)同(tong)蘇(su)聯(lian)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)解放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)朋友”（《陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)給(gei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)》，1929年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)28日(ri)(ri)(ri)，8月(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)）為(wei)(wei)此，并(bing)鑒于(yu)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)事實(shi)上(shang)(shang)根本反對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治路(lu)線(xian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)很快正(zheng)式決議(yi)將陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)開(kai)除(chu)出(chu)黨(dang)(dang)。（《江蘇(su)省委(wei)為(wei)(wei)開(kai)除(chu)彭(peng)述(shu)(shu)之、汪澤凱、馬玉夫、蔡(cai)振德(de)(de)及反對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義與托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)洛斯基反對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)派的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決議(yi)》，1929年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)20日(ri)(ri)(ri)；《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)政(zheng)治局(ju)關(guan)于(yu)開(kai)除(chu)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)黨(dang)(dang)籍(ji)并(bing)批(pi)準(zhun)江蘇(su)省委(wei)開(kai)除(chu)彭(peng)述(shu)(shu)之、汪澤凱、馬玉夫、蔡(cai)振德(de)(de)四人(ren)(ren)(ren)決議(yi)案(an)》，1929年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)15日(ri)(ri)(ri)，《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)文(wen)件選集》第(di)5冊，第(di)549－555頁。）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明確認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)東路(lu)問題(ti)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見，“是(shi)(shi)黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)一(yi)(yi)些動(dong)搖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義分子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)露骨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表現。（《評陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)件》）”，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)被(bei)(bei)(bei)開(kai)除(chu)出(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)。12月(yue)，與彭(peng)述(shu)(shu)之等(deng)81人(ren)(ren)(ren)發表《我們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治意見書》，攻擊(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義領(ling)導(dao)(dao)層。同(tong)時，在(zai)上(shang)(shang)海建(jian)立(li)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)派組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)“無產(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)社”，出(chu)版《無產(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)》刊物(wu)，宣(xuan)(xuan)傳托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)派觀(guan)點。1932年(nian)(nian)，在(zai)上(shang)(shang)海淞滬(hu)抗會(hui)(hui)戰中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，支持抗戰，譴責(ze)蔣介石賣(mai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)裁(cai)，而(er)(er)后(hou)被(bei)(bei)(bei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)政(zheng)府(fu)逮捕。1937年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)出(chu)獄，擁護(hu)(hu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合作和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)抗日(ri)(ri)(ri)，在(zai)武(wu)漢聯(lian)絡民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)士和(he)(he)抗日(ri)(ri)(ri)軍(jun)隊，試(shi)圖組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)“不(bu)擁國(guo)(guo)(guo)、不(bu)阿(a)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)三勢(shi)力(li)。此時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)已偏離(li)了(le)(le)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)派綱領(ling)，并(bing)遭到(dao)多數中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)派的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，但仍與托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)派組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)保(bao)(bao)持關(guan)系——直至逝(shi)世也未曾脫(tuo)離(li)過(guo)這種組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)和(he)(he)思(si)想(xiang)、政(zheng)治關(guan)系。1938年(nian)(nian)，被(bei)(bei)(bei)王明、康生誣陷為(wei)(wei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)本間諜(die)，從此與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)徹底決裂。晚(wan)年(nian)(nian)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)最(zui)終的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)場是(shi)(shi)要(yao)求(qiu)建(jian)立(li)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)權，開(kai)始(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)主(zhu)(zhu)義理論進行(xing)反思(si)。

1942年5月(yue)27日，陳獨(du)秀作為(wei)二十多年來(lai)一直為(wei)無產(chan)階級解放事業而(er)奮斗(dou)的(de)革命(ming)戰士(shi)于四川江(jiang)津(jin)病逝。主要著作收(shou)入《獨(du)秀文存(cun)》、《陳獨(du)秀文章選編》等。

革命后期

放棄(qi)對(dui)農民、城市小資(zi)產(chan)(chan)階(jie)級和中(zhong)(zhong)等資(zi)產(chan)(chan)階(jie)級的(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)權(quan)(quan)，尤其(qi)是放棄(qi)對(dui)武裝力量的(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)權(quan)(quan)，對(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民黨右派的(de)(de)進攻，采取妥協投降的(de)(de)政(zheng)策。1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)革(ge)命遭到失敗(bai)，除了來自共產(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際指導(dao)上的(de)(de)原因(yin)，他(ta)的(de)(de)右傾錯誤也是重要的(de)(de)原因(yin)。1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬，中(zhong)(zhong)央政(zheng)治(zhi)局改組(zu)，他(ta)離(li)開(kai)中(zhong)(zhong)央領(ling)(ling)導(dao)崗位(wei)。此后，他(ta)接受托(tuo)(tuo)派觀點，以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黨內成(cheng)立小組(zu)織的(de)(de)方式(shi)進行活動(dong)。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)，因(yin)為他(ta)在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)東路(lu)問題上發表(biao)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央的(de)(de)公開(kai)信，而被開(kai)除黨籍。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)發表(biao)由81人署(shu)名的(de)(de)作(zuo)為托(tuo)(tuo)陳(chen)取消(xiao)派綱領(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)《我們的(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)意見書》。同(tong)時，在(zai)(zai)(zai)上海(hai)組(zu)成(cheng)托(tuo)(tuo)派小組(zu)織無(wu)產(chan)(chan)者社，出版刊物《無(wu)產(chan)(chan)者》。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)，出席中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)各托(tuo)(tuo)派小組(zu)織的(de)(de)“統(tong)一大(da)會”，被推選為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)托(tuo)(tuo)派組(zu)織的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)央書記。1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)上海(hai)被國(guo)(guo)(guo)民黨政(zheng)府逮捕，判刑(xing)后囚(qiu)禁于南京模范監獄。

抗戰時期

抗戰全面(mian)爆發后，他于(yu)1937年8月(yue)出(chu)獄，先后住在武漢、重慶，最后長期居住于(yu)四(si)川江津（今重慶市江津區）。1942年5月(yue)在貧病交加中逝(shi)世。

主要作品

文選

主要著(zhu)作(zuo)收入《獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)文存》、《陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)文章(zhang)選編(bian)(bian)》、《陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)思想(xiang)論稿》、《陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)著(zhu)作(zuo)選編(bian)(bian)》等。

1984-1993年間，三(san)卷(juan)本《陳獨秀著作選》相繼由上海人民(min)出(chu)版社(she)出(chu)版。編(bian)者寫于(yu)1991年12月的“編(bian)輯說(shuo)明”中說(shuo)：“對于(yu)陳獨秀詆毀中國共(gong)產黨(dang)，誣蔑(mie)工農(nong)紅軍和反(fan)對農(nong)村包圍城市革命道路(lu)的錯誤言(yan)論，本書全文照錄，不予刪節(jie)，以供讀(du)者研究和批判”。字里行間，“批判”遺風猶(you)在，且不無防(fang)身自保(bao)之慮(lv)。

2009年1月(yue)上海人民(min)出(chu)(chu)版社推出(chu)(chu)《陳獨秀著(zhu)作選(xuan)編(bian)》六卷(juan)本(ben)，輯文(wen)890篇，272萬(wan)字(zi)(zi)。較原(yuan)三卷(juan)本(ben)600多篇、162萬(wan)字(zi)(zi)，多出(chu)(chu)200多篇、115萬(wan)字(zi)(zi)。校正(zheng)舊(jiu)編(bian)中錯、別(bie)、漏字(zi)(zi)句上千處。新輯作品(pin)主(zhu)要是檔(dang)案文(wen)件、新發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)章書信，以及音韻學、文(wen)字(zi)(zi)學方面的(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)作。其中有陳獨秀在上海工人第三次武(wu)裝起義前后主(zhu)持特(te)別(bie)委員會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)言，五卅運(yun)動中在《熱血日(ri)報》上發(fa)表的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)章，在南京獄(yu)中寫(xie)給(gei)汪原(yuan)放的(de)(de)(de)54封書信，入川(chuan)后寫(xie)給(gei)臺(tai)靜農等(deng)(deng)人的(de)(de)(de)近(jin)百封書信，等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。

《陳獨(du)(du)秀著作選》第六卷，收入(ru)陳獨(du)(du)秀音(yin)韻學著作《古音(yin)陰陽入(ru)互(hu)用例表》、《連語類編》以及與(yu)他的學生、語言學家魏建功來往(wang)書信。文字(zi)學著作，收入(ru)《小學識字(zi)教本》、致臺靜農、陳立夫、陳可忠等人書信。

《小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)識(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)教本(ben)》，是陳(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)研究(jiu)集(ji)大(da)成之(zhi)作(zuo)。1929年寫成《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)拼音(yin)(yin)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)草案(an)》，售予商(shang)務印(yin)書(shu)館。當時(shi)，陳(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)是當局通(tong)緝的“共黨首領”，自然不(bu)(bu)能出(chu)版，書(shu)稿(gao)(gao)(gao)亦杳無下(xia)落。居(ju)川期間，陳(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)在《實(shi)庵字(zi)(zi)(zi)說》《識(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)初階》基礎上，寫《小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)識(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)教本(ben)》。原定(ding)由(you)國(guo)(guo)民(min)政府教育部出(chu)版，并兩次預支稿(gao)(gao)(gao)酬一萬元。教育部長陳(chen)立(li)夫認為“小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)”二(er)字(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)妥，建(jian)議(yi)改書(shu)名(ming)為《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)說明》。陳(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)以(yi)(yi)“小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)”乃(nai)音(yin)(yin)韻字(zi)(zi)(zi)、文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)綜合之(zhi)古稱(cheng)，也是他(ta)研究(jiu)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)形、聲、義三者統一而非(fei)三者分(fen)立(li)的特(te)點(dian)，拒改書(shu)名(ming)。此書(shu)不(bu)(bu)能出(chu)版，他(ta)令(ling)家人(ren)不(bu)(bu)得動用(yong)稿(gao)(gao)(gao)酬。《小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)識(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)教本(ben)》書(shu)稿(gao)(gao)(gao)由(you)國(guo)(guo)立(li)編譯館油印(yin)50冊(ce)(ce)分(fen)贈專家。梁(liang)實(shi)秋分(fen)得一冊(ce)(ce)，十(shi)分(fen)珍(zhen)愛，日后帶往臺灣，請(qing)專人(ren)描清字(zi)(zi)(zi)跡不(bu)(bu)清處(chu)，影(ying)印(yin)500冊(ce)(ce)，仍感不(bu)(bu)佳。再(zai)請(qing)人(ren)費時(shi)十(shi)月，將全稿(gao)(gao)(gao)重描無誤，書(shu)名(ming)改作(zuo)《文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)新詮(quan)》，隱去作(zuo)者姓名(ming)與《自敘》，代(dai)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)梁(liang)序，于1971年由(you)臺灣語文(wen)研究(jiu)中(zhong)心(xin)影(ying)印(yin)出(chu)版。梁(liang)私下(xia)告友(you)人(ren)，此為陳(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)遺作(zuo)。《小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)識(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)教本(ben)》得以(yi)(yi)傳世(shi)，梁(liang)氏功莫大(da)焉(yan)。

在獄中，陳獨秀寫了《荀子韻表及考(kao)釋》、《實庵(an)字說(shuo)(shuo)》、《老子考(kao)略》、《中國古代語音有(you)復聲母說(shuo)(shuo)》、《古音陰陽入互用例表》、《連語類編》、《屈宋韻表及考(kao)釋》、《晉呂靜韻集(ji)目》、《戊寅年(nian)登石筍山》《干(gan)支為字母說(shuo)(shuo)》等音韻訓詁學著作。

書法

陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨秀(xiu)(xiu)論書(shu)法，有一(yi)(yi)則(ze)佳話流傳甚廣。即我們都知道的(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)法家沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)(mo)(mo)先(xian)生，早年就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)受了陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨秀(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)語(yu)“刺激”，而(er)(er)發(fa)憤練(lian)字(zi)，終(zhong)成一(yi)(yi)代大(da)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)。當(dang)時陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)與沈(shen)還不熟悉，但性格率直、快人(ren)快語(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨秀(xiu)(xiu)初次相見(jian)，就(jiu)(jiu)當(dang)面(mian)說：“昨(zuo)在劉(liu)三(san)壁(bi)上(shang)見(jian)了你寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)詩，詩很好，而(er)(er)字(zi)則(ze)其(qi)(qi)俗在骨。可謂詩在天(tian)上(shang)，字(zi)在地下！”劉(liu)三(san)則(ze)是(shi)江南名士劉(liu)季平(ping)也，其(qi)(qi)時劉(liu)三(san)和蘇曼殊以(yi)及陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨秀(xiu)(xiu)、沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)(mo)(mo)等，都是(shi)東瀛留學(xue)歸來(lai)(lai)常在一(yi)(yi)起詩酒風(feng)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)名士。沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)(mo)(mo)并不因陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)批評為(wei)忤，相反后來(lai)(lai)沈(shen)入北大(da)任教，還把陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)推薦給了蔡(cai)元培(pei)校(xiao)長(chang)(chang)，并委(wei)以(yi)文科(ke)學(xue)長(chang)(chang)之職，足見(jian)舊時學(xue)人(ren)謙虛(xu)寬博之胸懷。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨秀(xiu)(xiu)批評沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)“俗在骨”，實(shi)際上(shang)也是(shi)透(tou)露(lu)了他(ta)自己(ji)書(shu)法上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)美(mei)觀(guan)(guan)。一(yi)(yi)般以(yi)帖(tie)學(xue)為(wei)宗的(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)法，若無(wu)(wu)厚實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)北碑(bei)為(wei)底(di)，用筆單調柔弱，則(ze)容易(yi)滑向“媚俗”一(yi)(yi)路。這一(yi)(yi)觀(guan)(guan)點也和清代末期由(you)尊(zun)帖(tie)轉而(er)(er)尊(zun)碑(bei)風(feng)尚是(shi)一(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)。不過后來(lai)(lai)即便(bian)是(shi)沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)法已經(jing)達到(dao)很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)境(jing)界(jie)了，但陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨秀(xiu)(xiu)在肯定的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，依舊保留了自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨到(dao)見(jian)解(jie)，他(ta)在1941年給臺(tai)靜農的(de)(de)(de)(de)信中說：“尹(yin)默(mo)(mo)(mo)字(zi)素來(lai)(lai)工力甚深，非眼面(mian)朋友所(suo)可及，然其(qi)(qi)字(zi)外(wai)無(wu)(wu)字(zi)，視(shi)三(san)十(shi)年前無(wu)(wu)大(da)異也。存世二王(wang)字(zi)，獻(xian)之數種近真，羲之字(zi)多(duo)為(wei)米南宮臨(lin)本，神韻猶在歐褚所(suo)臨(lin)蘭亭之下，即刻意學(xue)之，字(zi)品終(zhong)在唐(tang)賢以(yi)下也。”反觀(guan)(guan)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨秀(xiu)(xiu)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)法則(ze)是(shi)碑(bei)帖(tie)結合，寫(xie)得汪洋(yang)閎肆(si)、兼(jian)備眾(zhong)體。

貢獻影響

第一，他是新文化運動的發起者，是20世紀中國第一次思想解放運動的(de)倡導者。他(ta)在中國(guo)歷(li)史(shi)上第一個舉起(qi)了民主、科學兩面大旗(qi)，對于中國(guo)近現代歷(li)史(shi)的(de)發展產(chan)生了巨大的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，至今還在影(ying)響(xiang)著(zhu)中國(guo)歷(li)史(shi)的(de)進程。他(ta)創辦的(de)《新(xin)青(qing)年》雜志(zhi)，是中國(guo)近現代歷(li)史(shi)上影(ying)響(xiang)最(zui)大的(de)刊(kan)物，教育、引導了整整一代人。

第(di)二，他是五四(si)(si)(si)運(yun)動的(de)總司(si)令，是五四(si)(si)(si)運(yun)動思想指導(dao)者。五四(si)(si)(si)運(yun)動能(neng)夠在中國近現代歷(li)史上(shang)發生(sheng)那么大的(de)影(ying)響，與他的(de)活動、指導(dao)、影(ying)響是分不(bu)(bu)開的(de)。在高度評價五四(si)(si)(si)運(yun)動歷(li)史功績的(de)同時，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)忘記陳獨秀在其中的(de)巨(ju)大歷(li)史功勞。

第三(san)，他是(shi)馬克思主義的積(ji)極傳(chuan)播(bo)(bo)者。他傳(chuan)播(bo)(bo)馬克思主義雖然沒有(you)李大釗早，但他創辦的《新青年》雜志是(shi)當時傳(chuan)播(bo)(bo)馬克思主義的主要陣(zhen)地，其重(zhong)要作用(yong)是(shi)任何(he)別的報刊不能(neng)替代的。

第四，他是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產黨主要的創始(shi)人(ren)。陳(chen)獨秀是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產黨創始(shi)人(ren)之一(yi)的說法不準確。如果沒有(you)陳(chen)獨秀，就沒有(you)中(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產黨在1921年的成立。僅(jin)僅(jin)這一(yi)條，他就可以(yi)名垂千古，光照(zhao)千秋(qiu)。

第五(wu)，他(ta)是中國(guo)共產黨第一代領導集(ji)體(ti)的主要的領導人。

第六(liu)，他是中(zhong)國近現代歷(li)史上(shang)第一個(ge)深刻總結、反思蘇聯和社(she)會主(zhu)義民主(zhu)政治建設經驗教訓的人(ren)。與孫中(zhong)山共事。