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人物簡介

陳獨秀（1879年10月9日(ri)-1942年5月27日(ri)），原名慶同，官(guan)名乾生，字(zi)仲甫，號實庵(an)，安(an)徽(hui)懷寧（今安(an)慶）人(ren)(ren)。中國(guo)近現(xian)代(dai)史上偉(wei)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛國(guo)者(zhe)、偉(wei)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)革命(ming)家與(yu)改革家、偉(wei)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)主(zhu)義者(zhe)、偉(wei)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟蒙(meng)思(si)想(xiang)家。他是(shi)新(xin)文化(hua)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發起者(zhe)，是(shi)20世紀中國(guo)第一(yi)(yi)次思(si)想(xiang)解放運(yun)(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倡導者(zhe)；是(shi)五(wu)四運(yun)(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總司令，是(shi)五(wu)四運(yun)(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)指(zhi)導者(zhe)；是(shi)馬克思(si)主(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極傳(chuan)播者(zhe)；是(shi)中國(guo)共(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創始人(ren)(ren)；是(shi)中國(guo)共(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)第一(yi)(yi)代(dai)領導集體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領導人(ren)(ren)；是(shi)中國(guo)近現(xian)代(dai)歷(li)史上第一(yi)(yi)個深刻總結(jie)、反思(si)蘇聯和社會主(zhu)義民(min)(min)主(zhu)政治建設經驗、教訓(xun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)。

主要經歷

個人經歷

陳獨秀于1879年(nian)(nian)10月9日(ri)（清光緒五年(nian)(nian)）出生在安(an)徽(hui)省安(an)慶市城北的一(yi)間(jian)別墅里。

1896年考中(zhong)秀才。1897年入杭州求(qiu)是書院（浙江大學前身）學習(xi)，開始接受近代西方思想(xiang)文化。1899年因有反清言論被書院開除。

1901年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)因為進行反(fan)(fan)清宣傳(chuan)活動，受清政府(fu)通緝(ji)，從(cong)安慶(qing)逃亡日(ri)本(ben)，入(ru)東京高等(deng)師范學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)速成科學(xue)(xue)習。1903年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月在(zai)上海(hai)協(xie)助章士(shi)釗主編(bian)《國民(min)日(ri)報》。1904年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初在(zai)蕪(wu)湖(hu)創辦(ban)《安徽(hui)俗(su)話報》，宣傳(chuan)革(ge)命思想。1905年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)組織反(fan)(fan)清秘(mi)密革(ge)命組織岳(yue)王會，任(ren)總會長。1907年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)入(ru)東京正則英語(yu)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)，后(hou)(hou)轉(zhuan)入(ru)早稻(dao)田大學(xue)(xue)。1909年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬去浙江陸軍(jun)學(xue)(xue)堂任(ren)教。1911年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)辛亥(hai)革(ge)命后(hou)(hou)不久，任(ren)安徽(hui)省都督(du)府(fu)秘(mi)書(shu)長。1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)參加討伐袁世凱的“二次革(ge)命”，失敗后(hou)(hou)被捕入(ru)獄，出獄后(hou)(hou)于1914年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)到日(ri)本(ben)，幫(bang)助章士(shi)釗創辦(ban)《甲寅》雜志。

1916年任北(bei)京大(da)學(xue)文科學(xue)長（相當(dang)于系主任）。

1918年和(he)李(li)大釗創辦《每(mei)周評論》，提倡新(xin)文化(hua)，宣(xuan)傳馬克(ke)思主(zhu)義，俗稱“南陳北(bei)李(li)”。是“五(wu)·四”“新(xin)文化(hua)運動”的主(zhu)要領導人之一。

1919年6月(yue)11日(ri)，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)在(zai)北(bei)京街頭親自散發(fa)(fa)《北(bei)京市民(min)宣言》時被捕(bu)入(ru)獄。消息迅速傳遍全國(guo)，各界、各省(sheng)函電交(jiao)馳，要求釋放陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)。學界有(you)(you)(you)69名(ming)署名(ming)保釋陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)，其(qi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)著名(ming)的(de)教(jiao)授，也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)普通(tong)的(de)中(zhong)學教(jiao)員(yuan)；有(you)(you)(you)新派人物，也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)舊派人物。對五四運動(dong)持反對態(tai)度的(de)田(tian)桐(tong)，也(ye)發(fa)(fa)表(biao)函電，要求立(li)即釋放陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)。在(zai)各方(fang)的(de)壓力(li)下，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)恢復了自由(you)。胡(hu)適在(zai)6年后還念念不忘(wang)這件(jian)(jian)事。1925年12月(yue)，他在(zai)“北(bei)京群眾燒(shao)毀晨報館事件(jian)(jian)”發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)后寫給陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)的(de)信(xin)中(zhong)提及此事。

1920年，在(zai)(zai)(zai)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)幫助下，首先在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)建(jian)立中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)發(fa)起組(zu)織，進行(xing)建(jian)黨(dang)(dang)活動。1921年3月24日，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)秀受陳(chen)(chen)炯明之邀在(zai)(zai)(zai)廣東建(jian)黨(dang)(dang)。7月，在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)舉行(xing)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)第一(yi)次全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)代表(biao)大(da)會(hui)(hui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，被(bei)選為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央局書記：陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)秀（1921年7月，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)大(da)選舉產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生）。后(hou)被(bei)選為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)第二(er)、第三屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央執(zhi)行(xing)委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)委(wei)員長，第四、第五屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)總書記。在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)革命(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)秀多(duo)次反對共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)作(zuo)指示(shi)（為(wei)(wei)了(le)保(bao)證合(he)作(zuo)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)要求共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)員留在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)內）。但是由于缺乏有(you)系(xi)統的(de)(de)、獨(du)立的(de)(de)階(jie)(jie)級綱領指導(dao)，使(shi)得陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)秀等一(yi)次次被(bei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)領導(dao)層(ceng)錯(cuo)誤的(de)(de)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)指令(ling)壓下去。激(ji)烈的(de)(de)一(yi)次是在(zai)(zai)(zai)1926年中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山艦(jian)事件后(hou)，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)秀在(zai)(zai)(zai)黨(dang)(dang)報上(shang)(shang)(shang)發(fa)表(biao)公開信，單方(fang)面宣(xuan)布退出(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)，引(yin)起黨(dang)(dang)內外轟動。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)員留在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)內服(fu)從后(hou)者的(de)(de)紀(ji)律(lv)，是共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)為(wei)(wei)確保(bao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)作(zuo)的(de)(de)既定戰略路(lu)(lu)(lu)線(xian)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)（共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)為(wei)(wei)何執(zhi)行(xing)這(zhe)一(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)部分原因(yin)參見百度百科“一(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)成社會(hui)(hui)主義論”的(de)(de)詞(ci)條(tiao)）。但不久后(hou)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)領導(dao)層(ceng)發(fa)來的(de)(de)指令(ling)，使(shi)大(da)多(duo)數中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黨(dang)(dang)員繼續堅持舊政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，而包括陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)秀在(zai)(zai)(zai)內的(de)(de)異議(yi)分子無論如何也想不到(dao)要與這(zhe)種(zhong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)線(xian)徹底決(jue)裂，另立獨(du)立路(lu)(lu)(lu)線(xian)的(de)(de)無產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)階(jie)(jie)級政(zheng)(zheng)黨(dang)(dang)，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)他們并沒有(you)形成完全有(you)別于共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)的(de)(de)另一(yi)種(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內革命(ming)綱領，更不了(le)解當時國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)領導(dao)層(ceng)內部托洛(luo)茨基一(yi)派與斯大(da)林一(yi)派正在(zai)(zai)(zai)就同一(yi)個中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)革命(ming)問題進行(xing)激(ji)烈的(de)(de)綱領斗爭。

大(da)革(ge)命失敗(bai)(bai)(bai)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)造成了強(qiang)烈沖(chong)擊(ji)，大(da)批優秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)干部（包括陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)兒子）在反(fan)(fan)革(ge)命屠殺中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)喪生，1927年(nian)(nian)到30年(nian)(nian)代初(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失敗(bai)(bai)(bai)浪(lang)潮(chao)使(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在城市(shi)工人(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響力嚴重(zhong)(zhong)削弱.。大(da)革(ge)命失敗(bai)(bai)(bai)后(hou)(hou)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)認為(wei)(wei)，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)失誤(wu)(wu)是(shi)導致大(da)革(ge)命失敗(bai)(bai)(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要原因。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)服，他(ta)認為(wei)(wei)，大(da)革(ge)命失敗(bai)(bai)(bai)了，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)總書記(ji)是(shi)要負(fu)責任(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但(dan)(dan)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)更有責任(ren)，自己只是(shi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)忠實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行者而(er)已，由他(ta)來承擔(dan)全部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)，于(yu)情于(yu)理都(dou)(dou)說不(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)被(bei)(bei)指犯了“右傾(qing)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義”錯(cuo)誤(wu)(wu)，在1927年(nian)(nian)八·七會(hui)(hui)議上(shang)撤(che)銷陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總書記(ji)職(zhi)務。這個(ge)栽贓陷害也(ye)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)史上(shang)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冤案。其后(hou)(hou)，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)在苦悶(men)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)反(fan)(fan)思，開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)受國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)托(tuo)(tuo)洛(luo)茨基派的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點，要求(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)接(jie)受托(tuo)(tuo)派路線，即反(fan)(fan)對(dui)斯大(da)林主(zhu)(zhu)義荒唐透頂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左傾(qing)暴(bao)動路線，同時(shi)也(ye)反(fan)(fan)對(dui)盲目(mu)向農(nong)村發(fa)展力量(liang)甚(shen)至把游(you)擊(ji)隊(dui)高抬(tai)為(wei)(wei)紅(hong)軍（誠然(ran)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)而(er)且當(dang)時(shi)相當(dang)多數(shu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)人(ren)(ren)都(dou)(dou)低估了農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)運動），而(er)主(zhu)(zhu)張以(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)會(hui)(hui)議為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心，主(zhu)(zhu)張從(cong)(cong)(cong)民(min)(min)(min)權民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)斗爭開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)新聚集力量(liang)。1929年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)，因為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)東路事(shi)件，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)遠東局從(cong)(cong)(cong)一開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)(shi)就明確要求(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)要提(ti)出“武裝(zhuang)保(bao)(bao)衛蘇(su)(su)聯”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口(kou)號，并(bing)組(zu)織大(da)規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)對(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)和(he)擁護(hu)蘇(su)(su)聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群眾示(shi)威。對(dui)此(ci)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)毫不(bu)(bu)(bu)猶豫地(di)做出了積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)響應。他(ta)們(men)召開(kai)(kai)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)局會(hui)(hui)議，決(jue)定開(kai)(kai)動一切宣傳(chuan)機(ji)器，并(bing)在8月(yue)1日(ri)(ri)“反(fan)(fan)帝日(ri)(ri)”舉行示(shi)威，而(er)且爭取(qu)發(fa)動上(shang)海(hai)工人(ren)(ren)總罷工。對(dui)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)專門致信(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)提(ti)出批評，主(zhu)(zhu)張在這個(ge)時(shi)候片面宣傳(chuan)“擁護(hu)蘇(su)(su)聯”“于(yu)我們(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利”，絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)能簡單(dan)地(di)認為(wei)(wei)“廣大(da)群眾都(dou)(dou)認同蘇(su)(su)聯是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)解放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)朋友(you)”（《陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)給中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)》，1929年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)28日(ri)(ri)，8月(yue)11日(ri)(ri)）為(wei)(wei)此(ci)，并(bing)鑒(jian)于(yu)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等人(ren)(ren)事(shi)實上(shang)根本反(fan)(fan)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路線，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)很快正式決(jue)議將(jiang)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等人(ren)(ren)開(kai)(kai)除出黨(dang)(dang)(dang)。（《江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)省(sheng)委為(wei)(wei)開(kai)(kai)除彭述之、汪(wang)澤(ze)(ze)凱、馬玉夫、蔡振德及反(fan)(fan)對(dui)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義與(yu)托(tuo)(tuo)洛(luo)斯基反(fan)(fan)對(dui)派的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)議》，1929年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)20日(ri)(ri)；《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)局關于(yu)開(kai)(kai)除陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)籍并(bing)批準江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)省(sheng)委開(kai)(kai)除彭述之、汪(wang)澤(ze)(ze)凱、馬玉夫、蔡振德四人(ren)(ren)決(jue)議案》，1929年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)15日(ri)(ri)，《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)文件選(xuan)集》第5冊，第549－555頁。）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)明確認為(wei)(wei)，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等人(ren)(ren)在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)東路問題上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)見，“是(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)一些(xie)動搖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義分子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)露(lu)骨(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現(xian)。（《評陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)件》）”，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)被(bei)(bei)開(kai)(kai)除出中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)。12月(yue)，與(yu)彭述之等81人(ren)(ren)發(fa)表(biao)《我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)見書》，攻擊(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義領導層。同時(shi)，在上(shang)海(hai)建立(li)(li)托(tuo)(tuo)派組(zu)織“無產者社”，出版(ban)《無產者》刊物，宣傳(chuan)托(tuo)(tuo)派觀(guan)點。1932年(nian)(nian)，在上(shang)海(hai)淞(song)滬(hu)抗(kang)會(hui)(hui)戰(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，支持(chi)抗(kang)戰(zhan)，譴責蔣介石賣國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)獨(du)(du)(du)裁，而(er)后(hou)(hou)被(bei)(bei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)政(zheng)(zheng)府逮捕。1937年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)出獄，擁護(hu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合作(zuo)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)領導抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)，在武漢聯絡民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)士和(he)抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)軍隊(dui)，試圖(tu)組(zu)織“不(bu)(bu)(bu)擁國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)阿共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第三勢(shi)力。此(ci)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)已偏離了托(tuo)(tuo)派綱領，并(bing)遭到多數(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)托(tuo)(tuo)派的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)對(dui)，但(dan)(dan)仍與(yu)托(tuo)(tuo)派組(zu)織保(bao)(bao)持(chi)關系——直(zhi)至逝世也(ye)未曾(ceng)脫離過(guo)這種組(zu)織和(he)思想、政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關系。1938年(nian)(nian)，被(bei)(bei)王明、康(kang)生誣陷為(wei)(wei)日(ri)(ri)本間(jian)諜，從(cong)(cong)(cong)此(ci)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)徹底決(jue)裂(lie)。晚年(nian)(nian)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)最終的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)場是(shi)要求(qiu)建立(li)(li)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)權，開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產主(zhu)(zhu)義理論進(jin)行反(fan)(fan)思。

1942年(nian)5月27日，陳獨(du)(du)秀作為二十多年(nian)來一直為無產階級解放事業(ye)而奮斗(dou)的革命戰士于四(si)川江津病(bing)逝。主要(yao)著作收(shou)入(ru)《獨(du)(du)秀文存》、《陳獨(du)(du)秀文章選編》等。

革命后期

放棄對農民(min)、城市小(xiao)資產(chan)階級(ji)和中(zhong)(zhong)等資產(chan)階級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)權，尤(you)其是放棄對武(wu)裝力量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)權，對國(guo)(guo)民(min)黨右派的(de)(de)(de)(de)進攻，采取妥協投降(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。1927年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)大革命遭到失敗，除(chu)了來自共產(chan)國(guo)(guo)際指導(dao)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)，他的(de)(de)(de)(de)右傾錯誤也(ye)是重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)。1927年(nian)7月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬，中(zhong)(zhong)央政(zheng)(zheng)治局改組(zu)，他離開中(zhong)(zhong)央領(ling)導(dao)崗位。此后，他接受(shou)托(tuo)派觀點，以(yi)在黨內成立小(xiao)組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式進行活動。1929年(nian)11月(yue)(yue)，因(yin)(yin)為他在中(zhong)(zhong)東路問題上(shang)(shang)發表(biao)對中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央的(de)(de)(de)(de)公開信，而被開除(chu)黨籍(ji)。同年(nian)12月(yue)(yue)發表(biao)由81人署名的(de)(de)(de)(de)作為托(tuo)陳取消派綱領(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治意見書》。同時，在上(shang)(shang)海(hai)組(zu)成托(tuo)派小(xiao)組(zu)織(zhi)無產(chan)者(zhe)社(she)，出版(ban)刊(kan)物《無產(chan)者(zhe)》。1931年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)，出席中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)各托(tuo)派小(xiao)組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“統一大會”，被推選為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)托(tuo)派組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)央書記(ji)。1932年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)，在上(shang)(shang)海(hai)被國(guo)(guo)民(min)黨政(zheng)(zheng)府逮(dai)捕，判刑后囚(qiu)禁于南(nan)京模范監獄。

抗戰時期

抗戰全面爆發(fa)后，他(ta)于(yu)1937年8月出獄，先后住(zhu)在(zai)武漢、重慶，最后長期居住(zhu)于(yu)四川江(jiang)津（今重慶市江(jiang)津區）。1942年5月在(zai)貧(pin)病交(jiao)加(jia)中逝世。

主要作品

文選

主要著作(zuo)(zuo)收入(ru)《獨(du)秀文存》、《陳獨(du)秀文章選編(bian)》、《陳獨(du)秀思(si)想論稿》、《陳獨(du)秀著作(zuo)(zuo)選編(bian)》等。

1984-1993年間，三卷本《陳(chen)獨(du)秀著作選》相繼由上海人民(min)出版社出版。編者寫于1991年12月的“編輯(ji)說明”中說：“對(dui)于陳(chen)獨(du)秀詆(di)毀(hui)中國(guo)共產黨，誣(wu)蔑工(gong)農紅(hong)軍和(he)反對(dui)農村包(bao)圍城市革命道路(lu)的錯(cuo)誤言(yan)論，本書全文照錄(lu)，不予刪節，以(yi)供讀(du)者研(yan)究和(he)批判”。字里(li)行間，“批判”遺風猶在(zai)，且不無防身自保之慮。

2009年1月(yue)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)人(ren)民(min)出版社推出《陳(chen)獨(du)秀著作選編》六卷本，輯文890篇(pian)，272萬字(zi)。較原三(san)卷本600多篇(pian)、162萬字(zi)，多出200多篇(pian)、115萬字(zi)。校正舊編中(zhong)錯、別、漏字(zi)句上(shang)(shang)千處。新輯作品(pin)主要是檔案文件、新發現的文章書(shu)(shu)信，以(yi)及音韻學、文字(zi)學方面(mian)的著作。其中(zhong)有陳(chen)獨(du)秀在(zai)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)工人(ren)第三(san)次武(wu)裝起(qi)義前后(hou)主持特別委(wei)員會的發言，五卅運動中(zhong)在(zai)《熱血日報(bao)》上(shang)(shang)發表的文章，在(zai)南(nan)京獄中(zhong)寫給(gei)汪(wang)原放(fang)的54封書(shu)(shu)信，入(ru)川(chuan)后(hou)寫給(gei)臺靜農等(deng)人(ren)的近百封書(shu)(shu)信，等(deng)等(deng)。

《陳獨(du)(du)秀著作選》第六卷，收入(ru)陳獨(du)(du)秀音韻學(xue)著作《古音陰陽入(ru)互用例表》、《連語類編》以及與(yu)他的學(xue)生、語言學(xue)家(jia)魏建功來往書(shu)信。文字(zi)學(xue)著作，收入(ru)《小(xiao)學(xue)識(shi)字(zi)教本》、致臺靜農、陳立(li)夫、陳可忠等人書(shu)信。

《小(xiao)學(xue)識(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)本(ben)》，是陳(chen)獨(du)(du)秀文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)研究(jiu)集(ji)大成(cheng)之(zhi)作。1929年(nian)寫成(cheng)《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)拼(pin)音(yin)(yin)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)草案》，售予商務印(yin)(yin)(yin)書(shu)館(guan)。當時(shi)，陳(chen)獨(du)(du)秀是當局通緝(ji)的“共黨首領”，自然不能(neng)出版，書(shu)稿亦(yi)杳無(wu)下落。居川期(qi)間，陳(chen)獨(du)(du)秀在《實(shi)庵字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)說》《識(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)初階》基礎上，寫《小(xiao)學(xue)識(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)本(ben)》。原(yuan)定由(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民政(zheng)府教(jiao)(jiao)育部出版，并兩次預支稿酬一萬元。教(jiao)(jiao)育部長陳(chen)立夫認為“小(xiao)學(xue)”二字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不妥(tuo)，建議改書(shu)名(ming)為《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)說明》。陳(chen)獨(du)(du)秀以“小(xiao)學(xue)”乃音(yin)(yin)韻字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)綜合之(zhi)古稱，也是他研究(jiu)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形、聲(sheng)、義三者統(tong)一而非三者分立的特(te)點，拒改書(shu)名(ming)。此書(shu)不能(neng)出版，他令家人(ren)不得動用稿酬。《小(xiao)學(xue)識(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)本(ben)》書(shu)稿由(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)立編譯(yi)館(guan)油(you)印(yin)(yin)(yin)50冊(ce)(ce)分贈專家。梁(liang)(liang)(liang)實(shi)秋(qiu)分得一冊(ce)(ce)，十分珍(zhen)愛，日(ri)后帶(dai)往臺灣，請專人(ren)描(miao)清(qing)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)跡不清(qing)處，影印(yin)(yin)(yin)500冊(ce)(ce)，仍感不佳。再請人(ren)費時(shi)十月，將全稿重描(miao)無(wu)誤(wu)，書(shu)名(ming)改作《文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)新詮》，隱(yin)去作者姓名(ming)與《自敘》，代之(zhi)以梁(liang)(liang)(liang)序(xu)，于1971年(nian)由(you)臺灣語文(wen)(wen)研究(jiu)中(zhong)心(xin)影印(yin)(yin)(yin)出版。梁(liang)(liang)(liang)私下告友人(ren)，此為陳(chen)獨(du)(du)秀遺作。《小(xiao)學(xue)識(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)本(ben)》得以傳世，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)氏功莫大焉。

在獄(yu)中，陳獨秀寫了《荀子韻(yun)表及考(kao)釋(shi)(shi)》、《實庵字(zi)說》、《老子考(kao)略》、《中國(guo)古代語音(yin)有復聲母說》、《古音(yin)陰(yin)陽入互(hu)用例表》、《連語類編》、《屈宋(song)韻(yun)表及考(kao)釋(shi)(shi)》、《晉呂靜韻(yun)集目》、《戊寅(yin)年登石筍(sun)山》《干(gan)支為(wei)字(zi)母說》等音(yin)韻(yun)訓詁(gu)學著作。

書法

陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)論書(shu)法(fa)，有一(yi)則佳話流(liu)傳甚(shen)廣(guang)。即我們都知道的(de)(de)書(shu)法(fa)家沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)先生，早年(nian)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)受了(le)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)一(yi)語(yu)“刺激”，而(er)(er)發憤(fen)練字(zi)，終(zhong)成(cheng)一(yi)代大(da)(da)(da)師的(de)(de)。當時(shi)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)與沈(shen)還不(bu)熟悉，但性格率直(zhi)、快人快語(yu)的(de)(de)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)初次(ci)相見，就當面說(shuo)：“昨在(zai)(zai)劉(liu)(liu)三壁(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)見了(le)你(ni)寫的(de)(de)詩，詩很(hen)好，而(er)(er)字(zi)則其(qi)俗在(zai)(zai)骨。可謂(wei)詩在(zai)(zai)天上(shang)(shang)(shang)，字(zi)在(zai)(zai)地下(xia)(xia)(xia)！”劉(liu)(liu)三則是(shi)(shi)(shi)江南名(ming)士劉(liu)(liu)季(ji)平也，其(qi)時(shi)劉(liu)(liu)三和蘇曼殊以(yi)(yi)及陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)、沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)等，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)東瀛留(liu)學(xue)歸來(lai)(lai)(lai)常在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起詩酒風(feng)流(liu)的(de)(de)名(ming)士。沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)并不(bu)因陳(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)批評(ping)為忤，相反后來(lai)(lai)(lai)沈(shen)入北大(da)(da)(da)任教，還把(ba)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)推(tui)薦(jian)給了(le)蔡元培校(xiao)長(chang)，并委(wei)以(yi)(yi)文科學(xue)長(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)職，足見舊(jiu)時(shi)學(xue)人謙虛寬博之(zhi)(zhi)胸(xiong)懷。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)批評(ping)沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)的(de)(de)字(zi)“俗在(zai)(zai)骨”，實際上(shang)(shang)(shang)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)透(tou)露了(le)他自(zi)己書(shu)法(fa)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)審美觀。一(yi)般以(yi)(yi)帖(tie)學(xue)為宗的(de)(de)書(shu)法(fa)，若無(wu)厚實的(de)(de)北碑為底，用筆(bi)單調柔(rou)弱，則容(rong)易滑向(xiang)“媚(mei)俗”一(yi)路。這一(yi)觀點也和清(qing)代末期由(you)尊(zun)帖(tie)轉而(er)(er)尊(zun)碑風(feng)尚(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)致的(de)(de)。不(bu)過后來(lai)(lai)(lai)即便是(shi)(shi)(shi)沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)的(de)(de)書(shu)法(fa)已經達到很(hen)高的(de)(de)境界了(le)，但陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)在(zai)(zai)肯(ken)定的(de)(de)同時(shi)，依舊(jiu)保留(liu)了(le)自(zi)己的(de)(de)獨(du)(du)到見解，他在(zai)(zai)1941年(nian)給臺靜(jing)農的(de)(de)信中說(shuo)：“尹(yin)默(mo)字(zi)素來(lai)(lai)(lai)工(gong)力甚(shen)深，非眼面朋友(you)所(suo)(suo)可及，然其(qi)字(zi)外無(wu)字(zi)，視三十(shi)年(nian)前無(wu)大(da)(da)(da)異也。存世二王(wang)字(zi)，獻之(zhi)(zhi)數種近真(zhen)，羲之(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)多為米南宮臨(lin)本，神韻猶在(zai)(zai)歐褚所(suo)(suo)臨(lin)蘭(lan)亭(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，即刻意學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)，字(zi)品終(zhong)在(zai)(zai)唐賢以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)也。”反觀陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)自(zi)己的(de)(de)書(shu)法(fa)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)碑帖(tie)結合，寫得汪洋(yang)閎肆(si)、兼(jian)備眾體。

貢獻影響

第一，他是新文化運動的發起者，是20世紀中國第一次思想解放運動的(de)(de)倡導者。他(ta)在中(zhong)國歷(li)(li)史上第一個舉起了(le)民主(zhu)、科學(xue)兩面大(da)旗，對(dui)于中(zhong)國近現(xian)代歷(li)(li)史的(de)(de)發展(zhan)產生了(le)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，至今還在影響(xiang)(xiang)著中(zhong)國歷(li)(li)史的(de)(de)進程(cheng)。他(ta)創辦的(de)(de)《新青年》雜志，是中(zhong)國近現(xian)代歷(li)(li)史上影響(xiang)(xiang)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)刊物，教育、引導了(le)整整一代人。

第二，他(ta)是(shi)五(wu)四運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的總司(si)令，是(shi)五(wu)四運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)思(si)想指導者。五(wu)四運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)能夠在中國(guo)近現(xian)代歷史上(shang)發生那么大(da)的影響(xiang)，與(yu)他(ta)的活動(dong)(dong)(dong)、指導、影響(xiang)是(shi)分(fen)不(bu)開的。在高(gao)度評價五(wu)四運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)歷史功績的同時(shi)，不(bu)能忘記陳獨秀在其中的巨(ju)大(da)歷史功勞。

第三，他(ta)(ta)是馬克(ke)(ke)思主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)的(de)積極傳(chuan)播者。他(ta)(ta)傳(chuan)播馬克(ke)(ke)思主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)雖然(ran)沒(mei)有(you)李大釗早，但他(ta)(ta)創辦的(de)《新青(qing)年(nian)》雜志是當時傳(chuan)播馬克(ke)(ke)思主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要陣地，其重要作(zuo)用(yong)是任何別(bie)的(de)報刊不(bu)能(neng)替代的(de)。

第四(si)，他是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共產黨主要的(de)創始人。陳獨秀是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共產黨創始人之一的(de)說法不準確。如果沒(mei)有陳獨秀，就(jiu)沒(mei)有中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共產黨在(zai)1921年的(de)成立。僅(jin)僅(jin)這一條，他就(jiu)可以名垂千古，光照千秋。

第(di)五(wu)，他是中國共產黨第(di)一代領(ling)導(dao)集體的(de)(de)主要的(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)人。

第六，他(ta)是(shi)中(zhong)國近現(xian)代歷史上第一(yi)個(ge)深刻總結、反思蘇聯(lian)和社會主義民(min)主政治(zhi)建設經驗教(jiao)訓的人(ren)。與孫中(zhong)山共事。