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人物簡介

陳獨秀（1879年10月(yue)9日-1942年5月(yue)27日），原名慶同，官名乾生，字仲(zhong)甫，號實(shi)庵，安徽懷(huai)寧（今安慶）人。中(zhong)國(guo)近(jin)(jin)現代史上偉(wei)(wei)大的(de)(de)(de)愛國(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)、偉(wei)(wei)大的(de)(de)(de)革命(ming)家(jia)與改革家(jia)、偉(wei)(wei)大的(de)(de)(de)民(min)主(zhu)主(zhu)義者(zhe)(zhe)、偉(wei)(wei)大的(de)(de)(de)啟蒙思想家(jia)。他是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新文化運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)起者(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)20世紀中(zhong)國(guo)第(di)一(yi)次思想解放運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)倡(chang)導(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)；是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五四(si)運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)總司令，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五四(si)運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)思想指導(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)；是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)馬克思主(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)積極傳(chuan)播者(zhe)(zhe)；是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產(chan)黨重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)創始人；是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產(chan)黨第(di)一(yi)代領(ling)導(dao)集體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)人；是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)近(jin)(jin)現代歷史上第(di)一(yi)個深刻總結(jie)、反(fan)思蘇聯和社會主(zhu)義民(min)主(zhu)政治(zhi)建設經(jing)驗、教(jiao)訓的(de)(de)(de)人。

主要經歷

個人經歷

陳獨秀于1879年(nian)10月(yue)9日（清光緒五年(nian)）出生(sheng)在安(an)徽省安(an)慶市城北(bei)的一間別墅里。

1896年(nian)考中秀(xiu)才。1897年(nian)入(ru)杭(hang)州求是書院（浙(zhe)江大(da)學前身）學習(xi)，開始(shi)接受(shou)近代西方思想文化。1899年(nian)因有反清言論被書院開除。

1901年因為進行反清宣傳活(huo)動，受清政府(fu)通緝，從安慶逃(tao)亡(wang)日(ri)本，入(ru)(ru)東京高等師范學(xue)校速成科學(xue)習。1903年7月(yue)在上海協助(zhu)章(zhang)士釗主編《國民日(ri)報》。1904年初在蕪湖(hu)創辦《安徽(hui)俗(su)話報》，宣傳革(ge)命(ming)思想。1905年組(zu)織(zhi)反清秘(mi)密革(ge)命(ming)組(zu)織(zhi)岳王會，任(ren)總會長(chang)。1907年入(ru)(ru)東京正則(ze)英語(yu)學(xue)校，后(hou)轉(zhuan)入(ru)(ru)早稻田大學(xue)。1909年冬去浙江陸(lu)軍學(xue)堂任(ren)教。1911年辛亥(hai)革(ge)命(ming)后(hou)不久，任(ren)安徽(hui)省(sheng)都督府(fu)秘(mi)書長(chang)。1913年參加討伐袁世凱的“二次革(ge)命(ming)”，失(shi)敗后(hou)被捕入(ru)(ru)獄，出獄后(hou)于1914年到日(ri)本，幫助(zhu)章(zhang)士釗創辦《甲寅》雜志。

1916年任(ren)(ren)北(bei)京(jing)大學文科學長（相當于系主任(ren)(ren)）。

1918年(nian)和李(li)大釗(zhao)創(chuang)辦《每周(zhou)評論(lun)》，提倡(chang)新文化，宣傳馬克(ke)思主義，俗稱“南陳北李(li)”。是“五·四”“新文化運(yun)動”的主要領導人之(zhi)一。

1919年(nian)6月(yue)11日(ri)，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)在(zai)北京街(jie)頭親自散(san)發(fa)《北京市民宣言》時(shi)被捕入獄。消息迅速傳(chuan)遍全國，各(ge)(ge)界、各(ge)(ge)省函電交馳(chi)，要(yao)求釋放陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)。學(xue)界有(you)69名(ming)署名(ming)保釋陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)，其中有(you)著名(ming)的(de)(de)教(jiao)授，也(ye)(ye)有(you)普通的(de)(de)中學(xue)教(jiao)員(yuan)；有(you)新派人(ren)物，也(ye)(ye)有(you)舊派人(ren)物。對(dui)五四運動(dong)持(chi)反(fan)對(dui)態度的(de)(de)田桐(tong)，也(ye)(ye)發(fa)表(biao)函電，要(yao)求立(li)即(ji)釋放陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)。在(zai)各(ge)(ge)方的(de)(de)壓(ya)力下，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)恢復(fu)了自由。胡適在(zai)6年(nian)后(hou)還念念不(bu)忘(wang)這(zhe)件事。1925年(nian)12月(yue)，他在(zai)“北京群(qun)眾燒毀晨報館事件”發(fa)生后(hou)寫給陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)的(de)(de)信(xin)中提(ti)及(ji)此事。

1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)，在共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)幫助下(xia)，首先在上(shang)海(hai)建(jian)立(li)(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)發(fa)(fa)起(qi)組織，進行(xing)建(jian)黨(dang)(dang)活(huo)動。1921年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月24日，陳獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)受陳炯明之(zhi)邀在廣東(dong)建(jian)黨(dang)(dang)。7月，在上(shang)海(hai)舉行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)代表(biao)大(da)會上(shang)，被選為(wei)中(zhong)央局書(shu)(shu)記(ji)：陳獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)（1921年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月，中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)選舉產(chan)(chan)(chan)生）。后被選為(wei)中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)第(di)(di)二、第(di)(di)三屆中(zhong)央執(zhi)行(xing)委(wei)員(yuan)會委(wei)員(yuan)長，第(di)(di)四、第(di)(di)五屆中(zhong)央委(wei)員(yuan)會總(zong)書(shu)(shu)記(ji)。在大(da)革命(ming)(ming)中(zhong)，陳獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)多次(ci)(ci)反(fan)對共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合作指(zhi)(zhi)示（為(wei)了(le)保證(zheng)合作，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)要求共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)員(yuan)留在國(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)）。但(dan)是由(you)于缺乏有系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)、獨(du)(du)(du)(du)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)級綱領(ling)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)，使得陳獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)等(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)次(ci)(ci)被共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)領(ling)導(dao)層錯(cuo)誤(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)指(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)壓下(xia)去。激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)是在1926年(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)山艦事件后，陳獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)在黨(dang)(dang)報上(shang)發(fa)(fa)表(biao)公(gong)開信，單方面宣布退出(chu)國(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)，引起(qi)黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)外轟動。因(yin)為(wei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)員(yuan)留在國(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)服從后者的(de)(de)(de)(de)紀(ji)律，是共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)為(wei)確保國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合作的(de)(de)(de)(de)既定戰略(lve)路線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心政(zheng)(zheng)策（共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)為(wei)何執(zhi)行(xing)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)原因(yin)參見百(bai)(bai)度百(bai)(bai)科(ke)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)成(cheng)社會主義論”的(de)(de)(de)(de)詞條）。但(dan)不久后共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)領(ling)導(dao)層發(fa)(fa)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)，使大(da)多數(shu)中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黨(dang)(dang)員(yuan)繼續堅持舊政(zheng)(zheng)策，而包括陳獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)在內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)異議(yi)分(fen)子(zi)無(wu)論如何也想不到要與(yu)這種(zhong)路線(xian)徹底決裂，另(ling)立(li)(li)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)立(li)(li)路線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)階(jie)級政(zheng)(zheng)黨(dang)(dang)，因(yin)為(wei)他們并沒(mei)有形成(cheng)完全(quan)(quan)有別于共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)革命(ming)(ming)綱領(ling)，更不了(le)解(jie)當時國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)領(ling)導(dao)層內(nei)部托洛茨基一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)派與(yu)斯大(da)林(lin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)派正在就同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)革命(ming)(ming)問題進行(xing)激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)綱領(ling)斗爭。

大(da)(da)革(ge)命失(shi)(shi)(shi)敗(bai)(bai)對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)造(zao)成了(le)強烈沖擊，大(da)(da)批(pi)優秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)干部(bu)（包括陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個兒子）在(zai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)革(ge)命屠(tu)殺(sha)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)喪生(sheng)，1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)到(dao)(dao)30年(nian)(nian)(nian)代初的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)敗(bai)(bai)浪潮(chao)使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)城市工(gong)人中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響力(li)嚴重削弱.。大(da)(da)革(ge)命失(shi)(shi)(shi)敗(bai)(bai)后，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重大(da)(da)失(shi)(shi)(shi)誤是(shi)(shi)(shi)導致大(da)(da)革(ge)命失(shi)(shi)(shi)敗(bai)(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因。陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)不(bu)服，他(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，大(da)(da)革(ge)命失(shi)(shi)(shi)敗(bai)(bai)了(le)，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)總(zong)書(shu)記是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)負責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)更有(you)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)，自己只是(shi)(shi)(shi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個忠實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執(zhi)行(xing)者(zhe)而(er)已，由(you)他(ta)來承(cheng)擔全部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)，于(yu)情于(yu)理都(dou)說不(bu)通。陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)被指犯了(le)“右傾機會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)”錯誤，在(zai)1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)八·七(qi)會(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)撤銷陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)書(shu)記職務。這個栽贓陷害也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)史上(shang)最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冤(yuan)案。其后，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)在(zai)苦悶中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)思，開(kai)始接受國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)托(tuo)(tuo)洛茨基派的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)接受托(tuo)(tuo)派路線(xian)，即反(fan)(fan)(fan)對(dui)(dui)斯大(da)(da)林主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)荒唐透頂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左傾暴(bao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)路線(xian)，同(tong)時也(ye)(ye)反(fan)(fan)(fan)對(dui)(dui)盲目(mu)向農村發(fa)展力(li)量甚(shen)至(zhi)把游擊隊(dui)高抬為(wei)(wei)(wei)紅軍（誠然(ran)，不(bu)僅陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)而(er)且當時相當多數國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)人都(dou)低(di)估了(le)農民(min)(min)(min)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)），而(er)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張(zhang)以國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)會(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張(zhang)從民(min)(min)(min)權民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)斗(dou)爭(zheng)開(kai)始重新聚集(ji)力(li)量。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)東路事(shi)件，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)遠東局從一(yi)開(kai)始就明確要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)提出“武(wu)裝保衛蘇(su)(su)聯”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口(kou)號，并組織(zhi)大(da)(da)規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)對(dui)(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)和擁(yong)護(hu)蘇(su)(su)聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群眾示(shi)威(wei)。對(dui)(dui)此(ci)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)毫不(bu)猶豫地(di)(di)做出了(le)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)響應。他(ta)們(men)召開(kai)政(zheng)治(zhi)局會(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)，決(jue)定開(kai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)切宣(xuan)傳機器，并在(zai)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)“反(fan)(fan)(fan)帝日(ri)(ri)”舉(ju)行(xing)示(shi)威(wei)，而(er)且爭(zheng)取發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)工(gong)人總(zong)罷(ba)工(gong)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)專門致信中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)提出批(pi)評，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張(zhang)在(zai)這個時候片面(mian)宣(xuan)傳“擁(yong)護(hu)蘇(su)(su)聯”“于(yu)我(wo)們(men)不(bu)利”，絕不(bu)能(neng)簡單(dan)地(di)(di)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“廣大(da)(da)群眾都(dou)認(ren)同(tong)蘇(su)(su)聯是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)解(jie)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)朋友”（《陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)給中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信》，1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)28日(ri)(ri)，8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)，并鑒于(yu)陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等人事(shi)實(shi)上(shang)根本反(fan)(fan)(fan)對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)路線(xian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)很快正(zheng)式決(jue)議(yi)(yi)(yi)將陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等人開(kai)除(chu)出黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)。（《江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)開(kai)除(chu)彭述(shu)(shu)之、汪(wang)澤(ze)凱、馬玉夫、蔡(cai)(cai)振(zhen)德及反(fan)(fan)(fan)對(dui)(dui)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)內機會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)與托(tuo)(tuo)洛斯基反(fan)(fan)(fan)對(dui)(dui)派的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)議(yi)(yi)(yi)》，1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20日(ri)(ri)；《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)政(zheng)治(zhi)局關(guan)于(yu)開(kai)除(chu)陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)籍并批(pi)準江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)開(kai)除(chu)彭述(shu)(shu)之、汪(wang)澤(ze)凱、馬玉夫、蔡(cai)(cai)振(zhen)德四人決(jue)議(yi)(yi)(yi)案》，1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)15日(ri)(ri)，《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)文(wen)件選集(ji)》第5冊，第549－555頁。）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)明確認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等人在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)東路問(wen)題上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見(jian)，“是(shi)(shi)(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)內一(yi)些動(dong)(dong)(dong)搖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)分子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)露骨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現。（《評陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信件》）”，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)被開(kai)除(chu)出中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)。12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，與彭述(shu)(shu)之等81人發(fa)表(biao)《我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)意見(jian)書(shu)》，攻擊中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)領(ling)導層。同(tong)時，在(zai)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)建立托(tuo)(tuo)派組織(zhi)“無(wu)產(chan)者(zhe)社”，出版《無(wu)產(chan)者(zhe)》刊物，宣(xuan)傳托(tuo)(tuo)派觀點。1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)，在(zai)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)淞滬抗會(hui)(hui)戰中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，支持(chi)抗戰，譴責(ze)(ze)(ze)蔣(jiang)介(jie)石賣國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)裁，而(er)后被國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)政(zheng)府逮捕。1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)出獄(yu)，擁(yong)護(hu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合作(zuo)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)領(ling)導抗日(ri)(ri)，在(zai)武(wu)漢(han)聯絡民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人士和抗日(ri)(ri)軍隊(dui)，試圖組織(zhi)“不(bu)擁(yong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、不(bu)阿共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第三勢力(li)。此(ci)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)已偏(pian)離(li)了(le)托(tuo)(tuo)派綱(gang)領(ling)，并遭(zao)到(dao)(dao)多數中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)托(tuo)(tuo)派的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)對(dui)(dui)，但仍與托(tuo)(tuo)派組織(zhi)保持(chi)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)——直至(zhi)逝世也(ye)(ye)未曾脫離(li)過這種組織(zhi)和思想、政(zheng)治(zhi)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)。1938年(nian)(nian)(nian)，被王(wang)明、康生(sheng)誣陷為(wei)(wei)(wei)日(ri)(ri)本間諜，從此(ci)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)徹底決(jue)裂。晚年(nian)(nian)(nian)陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)最(zui)終(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立場(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)建立民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)權，開(kai)始對(dui)(dui)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)理論進行(xing)反(fan)(fan)(fan)思。

1942年5月27日，陳獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)作(zuo)為(wei)二十多年來一直為(wei)無產階級解(jie)放事(shi)業而奮斗的革命戰士于四川江津病(bing)逝。主要著(zhu)作(zuo)收入(ru)《獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)文存》、《陳獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)文章選編》等。

革命后期

放棄(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)農民(min)、城市小資(zi)產(chan)(chan)階級和(he)中(zhong)等資(zi)產(chan)(chan)階級的(de)(de)(de)領導權，尤其是(shi)(shi)放棄(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)武裝力量的(de)(de)(de)領導權，對(dui)(dui)國(guo)民(min)黨右派(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)進攻，采取(qu)妥協(xie)投降的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策。1927年中(zhong)國(guo)大革命遭到(dao)失敗(bai)，除(chu)了來(lai)自共產(chan)(chan)國(guo)際指導上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)原因，他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)右傾(qing)錯(cuo)誤也是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)原因。1927年7月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬，中(zhong)央(yang)政(zheng)治(zhi)局改組(zu)(zu)，他(ta)離開(kai)(kai)中(zhong)央(yang)領導崗位。此(ci)后，他(ta)接受托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)(pai)觀點，以在(zai)(zai)黨內成立(li)小組(zu)(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)方式進行活動。1929年11月(yue)(yue)，因為(wei)他(ta)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)東(dong)路問題上(shang)發表對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)公開(kai)(kai)信，而被開(kai)(kai)除(chu)黨籍。同年12月(yue)(yue)發表由81人署名的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)為(wei)托(tuo)(tuo)陳取(qu)消派(pai)(pai)綱領的(de)(de)(de)《我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)意見書》。同時，在(zai)(zai)上(shang)海組(zu)(zu)成托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)(pai)小組(zu)(zu)織無產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)社，出版刊物(wu)《無產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)》。1931年5月(yue)(yue)，出席中(zhong)國(guo)各托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)(pai)小組(zu)(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)“統一(yi)大會”，被推選為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)(pai)組(zu)(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)央(yang)書記。1932年10月(yue)(yue)，在(zai)(zai)上(shang)海被國(guo)民(min)黨政(zheng)府逮捕，判刑后囚禁于(yu)南京模范監(jian)獄。

抗戰時期

抗戰全(quan)面爆發后(hou)，他于1937年8月(yue)出獄(yu)，先(xian)后(hou)住(zhu)在武漢(han)、重慶(qing)，最(zui)后(hou)長(chang)期(qi)居住(zhu)于四川江(jiang)津(jin)（今重慶(qing)市(shi)江(jiang)津(jin)區(qu)）。1942年5月(yue)在貧(pin)病(bing)交加中逝世。

主要作品

文選

主要著(zhu)作(zuo)收入《獨(du)秀文存》、《陳(chen)獨(du)秀文章選編》、《陳(chen)獨(du)秀思(si)想論稿》、《陳(chen)獨(du)秀著(zhu)作(zuo)選編》等。

1984-1993年(nian)間(jian)，三卷本《陳獨(du)秀著作選》相繼由上海人民出版社(she)出版。編者寫于1991年(nian)12月的“編輯(ji)說明”中說：“對于陳獨(du)秀詆毀中國共產(chan)黨，誣蔑(mie)工農(nong)紅軍和(he)反對農(nong)村包圍城市革命道路的錯誤(wu)言論，本書全文照錄(lu)，不(bu)予刪節，以(yi)供讀(du)者研究和(he)批判”。字里(li)行間(jian)，“批判”遺(yi)風(feng)猶在，且不(bu)無防身自保(bao)之慮。

2009年1月上(shang)(shang)海人(ren)民出(chu)版社(she)推出(chu)《陳獨秀著(zhu)作(zuo)選編(bian)》六卷本，輯文(wen)(wen)(wen)890篇(pian)，272萬(wan)字(zi)。較原三(san)卷本600多(duo)篇(pian)、162萬(wan)字(zi)，多(duo)出(chu)200多(duo)篇(pian)、115萬(wan)字(zi)。校正舊編(bian)中(zhong)錯、別(bie)、漏字(zi)句上(shang)(shang)千處。新(xin)輯作(zuo)品主要(yao)是(shi)檔案文(wen)(wen)(wen)件、新(xin)發現的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)章(zhang)書信，以及(ji)音韻學、文(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)學方面的(de)著(zhu)作(zuo)。其中(zhong)有陳獨秀在上(shang)(shang)海工人(ren)第三(san)次武(wu)裝(zhuang)起義前后主持(chi)特別(bie)委員會(hui)的(de)發言，五卅運動(dong)中(zhong)在《熱血日報》上(shang)(shang)發表的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)章(zhang)，在南京獄中(zhong)寫(xie)(xie)給汪原放的(de)54封書信，入川(chuan)后寫(xie)(xie)給臺(tai)靜(jing)農等人(ren)的(de)近百封書信，等等。

《陳獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)著(zhu)作(zuo)選》第六卷(juan)，收入陳獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)音(yin)韻學著(zhu)作(zuo)《古音(yin)陰陽入互(hu)用例(li)表》、《連語類編(bian)》以及(ji)與他(ta)的學生、語言學家(jia)魏建功來往(wang)書信。文字(zi)學著(zhu)作(zuo)，收入《小學識字(zi)教(jiao)本》、致臺靜農、陳立夫(fu)、陳可忠等人書信。

《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)識字(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)本(ben)(ben)》，是(shi)陳獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)研究(jiu)集(ji)大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)之作。1929年寫(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)《中國拼音文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)草案》，售予商(shang)務印(yin)書(shu)(shu)館。當(dang)時(shi)，陳獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)是(shi)當(dang)局通緝的“共黨(dang)首領”，自然(ran)不(bu)能出(chu)(chu)版(ban)，書(shu)(shu)稿亦(yi)杳無下(xia)落(luo)。居川期(qi)間，陳獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)在(zai)《實(shi)(shi)庵字(zi)(zi)(zi)說(shuo)(shuo)》《識字(zi)(zi)(zi)初階》基礎上，寫(xie)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)識字(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)本(ben)(ben)》。原定由(you)國民政府教(jiao)(jiao)育部出(chu)(chu)版(ban)，并兩次預支稿酬一(yi)萬元。教(jiao)(jiao)育部長陳立(li)夫認為(wei)“小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)”二字(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)妥，建議改(gai)(gai)書(shu)(shu)名(ming)為(wei)《中國文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)》。陳獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)以(yi)“小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)”乃音韻字(zi)(zi)(zi)、文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)綜合之古稱，也是(shi)他(ta)研究(jiu)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)形、聲、義三者(zhe)統一(yi)而非三者(zhe)分(fen)立(li)的特點，拒改(gai)(gai)書(shu)(shu)名(ming)。此書(shu)(shu)不(bu)能出(chu)(chu)版(ban)，他(ta)令家人(ren)(ren)不(bu)得(de)動用稿酬。《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)識字(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)本(ben)(ben)》書(shu)(shu)稿由(you)國立(li)編譯館油印(yin)50冊分(fen)贈專家。梁(liang)實(shi)(shi)秋分(fen)得(de)一(yi)冊，十分(fen)珍(zhen)愛，日后帶往臺灣(wan)，請專人(ren)(ren)描(miao)(miao)清(qing)字(zi)(zi)(zi)跡不(bu)清(qing)處(chu)，影(ying)(ying)印(yin)500冊，仍感不(bu)佳。再(zai)請人(ren)(ren)費時(shi)十月，將全稿重描(miao)(miao)無誤(wu)，書(shu)(shu)名(ming)改(gai)(gai)作《文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)新詮(quan)》，隱去作者(zhe)姓(xing)名(ming)與《自敘》，代之以(yi)梁(liang)序，于1971年由(you)臺灣(wan)語文(wen)研究(jiu)中心影(ying)(ying)印(yin)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)。梁(liang)私下(xia)告友人(ren)(ren)，此為(wei)陳獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)遺作。《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)識字(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)本(ben)(ben)》得(de)以(yi)傳(chuan)世，梁(liang)氏功莫大(da)焉。

在獄(yu)中，陳獨秀寫(xie)了《荀子(zi)韻(yun)表(biao)及考釋》、《實庵字(zi)說》、《老子(zi)考略(lve)》、《中國古(gu)代語(yu)音(yin)有復聲母(mu)說》、《古(gu)音(yin)陰陽入互用(yong)例表(biao)》、《連語(yu)類編》、《屈(qu)宋(song)韻(yun)表(biao)及考釋》、《晉呂靜韻(yun)集目》、《戊寅(yin)年登石筍山(shan)》《干支為字(zi)母(mu)說》等(deng)音(yin)韻(yun)訓詁學著作。

書法

陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)論書法，有(you)一(yi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)佳話(hua)流傳甚廣(guang)。即我們都知(zhi)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書法家沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)(mo)(mo)先(xian)生，早年就(jiu)是受了陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)語“刺激”，而發憤練字(zi)(zi)(zi)，終(zhong)成(cheng)一(yi)代大(da)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。當時(shi)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)與沈(shen)還不(bu)熟悉，但性格率(lv)直、快人(ren)快語的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)初次相(xiang)見(jian)(jian)，就(jiu)當面(mian)說：“昨(zuo)在(zai)劉三壁上(shang)見(jian)(jian)了你寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)，詩(shi)很好，而字(zi)(zi)(zi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)其俗(su)(su)在(zai)骨。可謂詩(shi)在(zai)天上(shang)，字(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)地下(xia)！”劉三則(ze)(ze)(ze)是江南(nan)名士(shi)劉季(ji)平也，其時(shi)劉三和(he)蘇(su)曼殊以及陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)、沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)(mo)(mo)等，都是東(dong)瀛留學歸來常在(zai)一(yi)起詩(shi)酒(jiu)風流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名士(shi)。沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)(mo)(mo)并不(bu)因陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)批(pi)評為(wei)(wei)忤，相(xiang)反后來沈(shen)入北大(da)任教，還把陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)推(tui)薦給了蔡元培校長，并委(wei)以文科(ke)學長之(zhi)(zhi)職，足(zu)見(jian)(jian)舊(jiu)時(shi)學人(ren)謙虛寬博之(zhi)(zhi)胸(xiong)懷。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)批(pi)評沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)“俗(su)(su)在(zai)骨”，實際上(shang)也是透露了他自(zi)(zi)己書法上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)美觀(guan)。一(yi)般以帖學為(wei)(wei)宗(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書法，若無(wu)厚實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北碑為(wei)(wei)底，用筆單調柔弱，則(ze)(ze)(ze)容易滑(hua)向“媚俗(su)(su)”一(yi)路。這一(yi)觀(guan)點也和(he)清代末期由尊帖轉(zhuan)而尊碑風尚是一(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。不(bu)過后來即便(bian)是沈(shen)尹(yin)默(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書法已(yi)經達到很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境界(jie)了，但陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)在(zai)肯(ken)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，依舊(jiu)保留了自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)(du)到見(jian)(jian)解，他在(zai)1941年給臺靜農(nong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信中說：“尹(yin)默(mo)(mo)(mo)字(zi)(zi)(zi)素來工力甚深，非眼(yan)面(mian)朋(peng)友所可及，然其字(zi)(zi)(zi)外無(wu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，視三十年前無(wu)大(da)異也。存世二王字(zi)(zi)(zi)，獻(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)數種近真，羲之(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)多為(wei)(wei)米南(nan)宮(gong)臨本，神韻猶在(zai)歐褚所臨蘭亭之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)，即刻意學之(zhi)(zhi)，字(zi)(zi)(zi)品終(zhong)在(zai)唐賢以下(xia)也。”反觀(guan)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書法則(ze)(ze)(ze)是碑帖結(jie)合，寫得汪(wang)洋閎肆、兼備眾體。

貢獻影響

第一，他是新文化運動的發起者，是20世紀中國第一次思想解放運動的倡導者。他(ta)(ta)在中國(guo)歷史上第一(yi)個舉起了民主、科學兩面大旗，對于(yu)中國(guo)近現代(dai)歷史的發(fa)展產生了巨(ju)大的影響(xiang)，至今還(huan)在影響(xiang)著中國(guo)歷史的進程。他(ta)(ta)創(chuang)辦的《新青年》雜志，是中國(guo)近現代(dai)歷史上影響(xiang)最(zui)大的刊物(wu)，教(jiao)育、引(yin)導了整整一(yi)代(dai)人。

第二，他是(shi)(shi)五四(si)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)總司令，是(shi)(shi)五四(si)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)思想指導者。五四(si)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)夠在中國近現代歷(li)史(shi)上發生(sheng)那么大的(de)影響，與他的(de)活動(dong)(dong)、指導、影響是(shi)(shi)分(fen)不(bu)開(kai)的(de)。在高度(du)評價五四(si)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)歷(li)史(shi)功績的(de)同時，不(bu)能(neng)忘記陳獨秀在其中的(de)巨大歷(li)史(shi)功勞。

第三，他是馬克思主義的(de)積極傳(chuan)播(bo)者。他傳(chuan)播(bo)馬克思主義雖然沒(mei)有李大(da)釗早(zao)，但他創辦的(de)《新青年》雜志是當時傳(chuan)播(bo)馬克思主義的(de)主要陣地，其重要作用是任何(he)別的(de)報(bao)刊不能替代(dai)的(de)。

第(di)四，他是(shi)中(zhong)國共(gong)產黨(dang)主要的創始(shi)人。陳(chen)獨(du)秀是(shi)中(zhong)國共(gong)產黨(dang)創始(shi)人之(zhi)一的說法不準確。如果沒(mei)有陳(chen)獨(du)秀，就(jiu)(jiu)沒(mei)有中(zhong)國共(gong)產黨(dang)在(zai)1921年的成立(li)。僅僅這一條，他就(jiu)(jiu)可以名垂(chui)千(qian)古，光照千(qian)秋。

第(di)五，他(ta)是中國共產黨第(di)一代領(ling)導集體的主要的領(ling)導人。

第六(liu)，他是(shi)中國近現代歷(li)史上第一個深(shen)刻總結、反(fan)思蘇聯和(he)社會主(zhu)義民(min)主(zhu)政(zheng)治建設經(jing)驗(yan)教訓的人(ren)。與(yu)孫中山共事。