芒果视频下载

基本介紹

黃(huang)鼬(you)（學名：Mustela sibirica）：是哺乳綱、鼬(you)科(ke)的(de)(de)小型的(de)(de)食(shi)肉動物。俗名黃(huang)鼠狼。體長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)28-40厘(li)米，尾(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)12-25厘(li)米，體重210-1200克。雌性小于雄性1/2-1/3。頭骨(gu)為(wei)狹長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)形，頂部較(jiao)平(ping)。體形中等，身體細長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。頭細，頸較(jiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。耳(er)殼短(duan)而寬，稍突出(chu)于毛(mao)叢。尾(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約為(wei)體長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)之半。冬季尾(wei)毛(mao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)而蓬松，夏秋毛(mao)絨稀薄，尾(wei)毛(mao)不散開(kai)。四(si)肢較(jiao)短(duan)，均(jun)具(ju)5趾(zhi)(zhi)，趾(zhi)(zhi)端爪尖銳，趾(zhi)(zhi)間有很小的(de)(de)皮(pi)膜。肛門腺(xian)發達。雄獸的(de)(de)陰莖骨(gu)基部膨大成結節狀，端部呈鉤狀。周身皮(pi)毛(mao)棕黃(huang)或橙(cheng)黃(huang)色。

棲息于(yu)平(ping)原、沼澤、河谷、村(cun)莊、城市和山區等地帶(dai)。夜行性，主要以(yi)(yi)嚙齒類動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)為食，偶(ou)爾(er)也吃(chi)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)小(xiao)型哺乳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)，每(mei)(mei)年3-4月(yue)發情交配。選擇柴草垛下、堤岸(an)洞(dong)穴(xue)、墓地、亂石(shi)堆、樹洞(dong)等隱蔽處筑巢。雌獸妊娠期為33-37天。通常5月(yue)產仔，每(mei)(mei)胎產2-8仔。與很多(duo)鼬(you)科動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)一樣，它們(men)體內(nei)具有臭腺，可以(yi)(yi)排出(chu)臭氣，在遇到威脅時(shi)，起到麻痹敵人的作用。主要以(yi)(yi)嚙齒類動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)為食，偶(ou)爾(er)也吃(chi)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)小(xiao)型哺乳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)。

亞種細分

生長與分布

世界分布

分布于不丹、中國(guo)(guo)、印度、日本、韓國(guo)(guo)、朝鮮人民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主共和國(guo)(guo)、老撾人民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主共和國(guo)(guo)、蒙古(gu)、緬甸、尼泊(bo)爾、巴基斯(si)坦(tan)、俄羅(luo)斯(si)、泰國(guo)(guo)、越南(nan)。

中國分布

分布(bu)于北京、天(tian)(tian)津、河(he)(he)北、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西、內蒙古、遼(liao)寧、吉林(lin)、黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)、上海、江(jiang)蘇、浙(zhe)江(jiang)、安徽、福(fu)建、江(jiang)西、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東、河(he)(he)南(nan)、湖(hu)(hu)北、湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)、廣(guang)東、廣(guang)西、四川、貴州、云(yun)(yun)南(nan)、西藏、陜西、甘(gan)肅、青海、寧夏、新(xin)疆、臺(tai)灣；分布(bu)在(zai)以下保護區：天(tian)(tian)堂寨、松山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（北京）、牛(niu)姆林(lin)、武夷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（福(fu)建與(yu)江(jiang)西的(de)交界處）、戴云(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、興隆山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、南(nan)嶺(ling)(ling)、南(nan)昆山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、黑石頂(ding)、豫北黃河(he)(he)故道濕(shi)地(di)、鼎(ding)湖(hu)(hu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大(da)明山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大(da)瑤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)源(yuan)林(lin)（廣(guang)西）、十(shi)萬大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)源(yuan)林(lin)、道真(zhen)大(da)沙河(he)(he)、赤(chi)水(shui)桫欏(luo)、麻陽(yang)河(he)(he)、雷公(gong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、習水(shui)、佛頂(ding)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（石阡）、梵(fan)凈(jing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、茂蘭、董寨鳥(niao)類、濟源(yuan)獼猴(hou)、雞公(gong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、寶天(tian)(tian)曼(man)（內鄉）、洪(hong)河(he)(he)、涼水(shui)、興凱湖(hu)(hu)、九宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、神農架(jia)、后(hou)河(he)(he)、桃源(yuan)洞、壺(hu)瓶山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、八大(da)公(gong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、東洞庭湖(hu)(hu)、索溪(xi)峪、八面(mian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、莽山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、莫莫格(ge)、鄱(po)陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)、巖泉、桃紅嶺(ling)(ling)、井岡山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、雙臺(tai)河(he)(he)口、老禿頂(ding)子(zi)、白(bai)石砬子(zi)、羅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、白(bai)芨(ji)灘(tan)、白(bai)芨(ji)灘(tan)、六盤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（寧夏）、龐泉溝、太白(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、佛坪、王朗、臥龍(long)(long)、縉云(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、金佛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、珠(zhu)穆朗瑪峰、蒼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)洱海、大(da)圍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、怒江(jiang)、高(gao)黎貢山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、銅壁關、南(nan)麂列島、清(qing)(qing)涼峰、天(tian)(tian)目山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（浙(zhe)江(jiang)）、古田山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、烏(wu)巖嶺(ling)(ling)、三江(jiang)（黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)）、瓦(wa)屋山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大(da)霧嶺(ling)(ling)、南(nan)洞庭湖(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地(di)和水(shui)禽、賽罕烏(wu)拉(la)、朱家山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、安溪(xi)云(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、小(xiao)溪(xi)、黃河(he)(he)三角洲、額濟納胡楊林(lin)、南(nan)靖南(nan)亞(ya)熱(re)帶雨(yu)林(lin)；分布(bu)在(zai)以下山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈湖(hu)(hu)泊：長(chang)白(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、中條山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大(da)別山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、玉龍(long)(long)雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、都龐嶺(ling)(ling)、高(gao)黎貢山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰、關帝山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、賀蘭山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、小(xiao)興安嶺(ling)(ling)、香山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、五臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、六盤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、蘆牙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、太岳山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、清(qing)(qing)涼峰、秦嶺(ling)(ling)、阿爾泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)、伏牛(niu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。

形態及特征

黃鼬體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)28-40厘米，尾長(chang)(chang)12-25厘米，體(ti)(ti)重210-1200克。體(ti)(ti)形中等，身體(ti)(ti)細(xi)長(chang)(chang)。頭細(xi)，頸較長(chang)(chang)。耳殼短(duan)而寬(kuan)，稍突出(chu)于毛(mao)叢。尾長(chang)(chang)約為體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)之半。冬季(ji)尾毛(mao)長(chang)(chang)而蓬松，夏(xia)秋毛(mao)絨稀薄，尾毛(mao)不散開。四肢(zhi)較短(duan)，均具5趾，趾端爪尖銳，趾間有(you)很小的(de)皮膜(mo)。肛(gang)門腺(xian)發達(da)。雄獸的(de)陰莖骨基部膨(peng)大成結節狀，端部呈(cheng)鉤狀。

黃鼬的毛(mao)(mao)(mao)色(se)(se)從淺沙棕(zong)色(se)(se)到黃棕(zong)色(se)(se)，色(se)(se)澤較(jiao)淡。毛(mao)(mao)(mao)絨(rong)相對較(jiao)稀短，針毛(mao)(mao)(mao)長25-29毫米(mi)，絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)長15-18毫米(mi)，針毛(mao)(mao)(mao)粗118-130微米(mi)。背毛(mao)(mao)(mao)略深；腹毛(mao)(mao)(mao)稍淺，四肢、尾與身(shen)體同色(se)(se)。鼻基部(bu)、前額及眼周(zhou)淺褐色(se)(se)，略似(si)面紋。鼻墊基部(bu)及上、下(xia)唇(chun)為白色(se)(se)，喉(hou)部(bu)及頸下(xia)常(chang)有(you)(you)白斑(ban)(ban)。但變異極大(da)，即使同一地點，有(you)(you)些個體缺(que)如。有(you)(you)的呈(cheng)大(da)形斑(ban)(ban)，有(you)(you)的從喉(hou)部(bu)延(yan)伸至胸部(bu)。

黃鼬的頭骨(gu)為(wei)狹長(chang)形(xing)，頂部較(jiao)平(ping)。鼻骨(gu)、上頜骨(gu)、額骨(gu)和(he)頂骨(gu)完全愈(yu)合，不見骨(gu)縫(feng)。顴弓窄。聽(ting)泡為(wei)長(chang)橢圓形(xing)。雄(xiong)獸的矢狀嵴和(he)人字嵴明顯，眶間(jian)寬較(jiao)眶后突后之(zhi)腦顱前端為(wei)寬。

牙齒的齒式為：3·1·3·1/3·1·3·2=34。上門齒成一橫(heng)列，第(di)二下(xia)門齒著(zhu)生位置略靠(kao)后。犬齒長而直。上裂齒前緣內(nei)側、下(xia)裂齒的后葉(xie)均有一明顯小尖。上臼齒橫(heng)列，內(nei)葉(xie)大于(yu)外葉(xie)。內(nei)葉(xie)中(zhong)央小尖明顯，外葉(xie)具二個小尖。

生活習性

夜行性，尤其是清晨(chen)和黃昏活動頻繁，有時也(ye)在(zai)白天活動。通常(chang)(chang)單(dan)獨行動。善于奔走，能貼伏地(di)面前進、鉆越縫隙(xi)和洞穴，也(ye)能游泳(yong)、攀樹和墻(qiang)壁等。除繁殖期外，一般沒有固定的巢穴。通常(chang)(chang)隱藏在(zai)柴草堆(dui)(dui)下、亂石堆(dui)(dui)、墻(qiang)洞等處。嗅(xiu)覺十分靈敏，但視覺較(jiao)差。性情兇猛，常(chang)(chang)捕殺超過其食量的獵(lie)物。

警惕性

黃鼬(you)(you)冬季常追(zhui)(zhui)隨(sui)鼠類(lei)遷移而潛入村落(luo)附近，在(zai)石(shi)穴(xue)和樹洞中(zhong)(zhong)筑窩。它(ta)(ta)們擅長攀(pan)援登高和下(xia)水(shui)游泳，也能高蹦低(di)竄，在(zai)干溝的(de)(de)(de)亂石(shi)堆里閃(shan)電般的(de)(de)(de)追(zhui)(zhui)襲獵(lie)食對(dui)象。黃鼬(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)警覺性很(hen)(hen)高，時(shi)刻保持著高度戒備狀態，要(yao)想(xiang)對(dui)黃鼬(you)(you)出其不(bu)(bu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)偷襲是很(hen)(hen)困難的(de)(de)(de)。一旦遭到狗或人的(de)(de)(de)追(zhui)(zhui)擊，在(zai)沒有(you)退路和無法逃(tao)脫(tuo)時(shi)，黃鼬(you)(you)就會(hui)兇猛地對(dui)進犯者發起(qi)(qi)殊死的(de)(de)(de)反攻，顯(xian)得無畏而又十分兇猛。黃鼬(you)(you)及其家族的(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)成員還有(you)一種(zhong)退敵(di)的(de)(de)(de)武器，那就是位于肛門兩旁(pang)的(de)(de)(de)一對(dui)黃豆(dou)形的(de)(de)(de)臭(chou)腺(xian)，它(ta)(ta)們在(zai)奔逃(tao)的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，能從臭(chou)腺(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)迸(beng)射(she)出一股臭(chou)不(bu)(bu)可忍的(de)(de)(de)分泌(mi)物。假(jia)如追(zhui)(zhui)敵(di)被這種(zhong)分泌(mi)物射(she)中(zhong)(zhong)頭部的(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，就會(hui)引起(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)毒，輕者感到頭暈目眩，惡(e)心嘔(ou)吐，嚴重的(de)(de)(de)還會(hui)倒地昏迷不(bu)(bu)醒。

食雜性

黃(huang)鼬(you)(you)食性很(hen)雜，在(zai)野(ye)(ye)外(wai)以老鼠和(he)野(ye)(ye)兔為主食，盡(jin)管(guan)野(ye)(ye)兔在(zai)短距離內跑(pao)得很(hen)快，但在(zai)長時間(jian)的高速追逐下(xia)，最后(hou)總會由于恐懼(ju)和(he)力竭而被(bei)趕上(shang)咬斷脖頸，做了黃(huang)鼬(you)(you)口下(xia)的犧牲品(pin)。也吃鳥卵及幼(you)雛、魚(yu)、蛙和(he)昆蟲；在(zai)住家附近(jin)，常在(zai)夜間(jian)偷襲家禽，首先(xian)吸(xi)食其血液，再吃內臟及軀體，性嗜吸(xi)血。以臭腺放出臭氣自衛。據調查(cha)，每頭(tou)黃(huang)鼬(you)(you)一夜之間(jian)可以捕食6～7只老鼠。

飼養方法

籠舍設施

籠(long)舍由(you)鐵(tie)絲(si)籠(long)和(he)巢(chao)箱(xiang)聯接組成(cheng)。鐵(tie)絲(si)籠(long)是吃食和(he)活動的場所，長70厘(li)米(mi)(mi)、寬40厘(li)米(mi)(mi)、高40厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，由(you)鋼筋(jin)或角鋼焊成(cheng)框架(jia)，圍(wei)以(yi)鐵(tie)絲(si)網，網眼直徑1-2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。籠(long)的上面設門，以(yi)便喂料、清(qing)掃；籠(long)的側面底部(bu)留一(yi)孔與巢(chao)箱(xiang)貫(guan)通，供黃鼬出入。巢(chao)箱(xiang)供黃鼬休息和(he)產仔(zi)用，較籠(long)略(lve)小，由(you)硬厚木(mu)板釘成(cheng)，箱(xiang)上也設一(yi)個門，供清(qing)掃和(he)檢查用。籠(long)舍場地應干(gan)燥(zao)、通風、向陽、衛生和(he)安靜，盡(jin)量避免(mian)人為干(gan)擾，大規(gui)模飼(si)養或有條(tiao)件者，可在籠(long)舍上搭設遮雨(yu)防曬(shai)的棚(peng)頂，另用磚石或鐵(tie)皮(pi)建圍(wei)墻。

繁殖

黃鼬(you)8-10月齡性(xing)成熟，年產(chan)1胎，可利用3-4年，懷(huai)孕期33-38天，每胎產(chan)仔數5-10只。黃鼬(you)屬(shu)于季節性(xing)繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)動(dong)物，南方每年2-4月，北(bei)方4-5月為發情(qing)交(jiao)配期。發情(qing)期雄、雌鼬(you)活動(dong)頻(pin)繁(fan)(fan)，食(shi)(shi)量減少，時(shi)常呼叫(jiao)，尋(xun)求異性(xing)。雄鼬(you)睪丸膨(peng)大，呈圓(yuan)形(xing)，性(xing)情(qing)急躁，不時(shi)發出(chu)“咕咕”叫(jiao)聲。雌鼬(you)發情(qing)初(chu)期，外陰(yin)(yin)部(bu)(bu)略腫脹(zhang)突(tu)出(chu)，呈粉(fen)紅(hong)色(se)，外露明顯；發情(qing)旺(wang)期，外陰(yin)(yin)部(bu)(bu)明顯紅(hong)腫，呈紅(hong)色(se)或紫紅(hong)色(se)，陰(yin)(yin)唇(chun)外翻，有粘(zhan)液(ye)，陰(yin)(yin)毛束倒(dao)向(xiang)兩側，性(xing)情(qing)溫(wen)和。在此種情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)交(jiao)配，受孕率最高，初(chu)配后應復配2-3次，公母比(bi)例以(yi)1：4-5為宜。黃鼬(you)懷(huai)孕30天左右時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)營巢，這時(shi)將柔軟干凈的(de)干草放入(ru)巢箱。雌鼬(you)產(chan)前興奮(fen)不安，出(chu)入(ru)頻(pin)繁(fan)(fan)，甚至(zhi)拒食(shi)(shi)，產(chan)仔過程20-30分鐘(zhong)。繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)期保持環境(jing)安靜，以(yi)免雌鼬(you)受驚而(er)流產(chan)、早產(chan)、難產(chan)或咬食(shi)(shi)仔鼬(you)。

仔鼬哺育

仔(zi)(zi)(zi)鼬(you)出生2周(zhou)內，完全靠母(mu)乳(ru)生活。當雌(ci)鼬(you)開(kai)始喂仔(zi)(zi)(zi)鼬(you)時，應供(gong)應營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豐富，并富含維生素(su)A、維生素(su)D的飼(si)料(liao)。仔(zi)(zi)(zi)鼬(you)能(neng)自由采食(shi)時，日喂2次，飼(si)料(liao)以易消化而富營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的半液狀或粘稠狀食(shi)物(wu)為好，如牛奶、蛋(dan)類和切碎的鮮魚等(deng)，注(zhu)意保溫和新鮮。正常情(qing)況下，30日齡可斷(duan)乳(ru)，斷(duan)乳(ru)后(hou)分(fen)窩(wo)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，按同等(deng)大小仔(zi)(zi)(zi)鼬(you)合籠(long)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，每籠(long)2-3只。夏(xia)季做好籠(long)舍(she)(she)遮蔭，保證充足飲水，防止(zhi)中暑。用具(ju)經(jing)常清(qing)洗，消毒，籠(long)舍(she)(she)及(ji)時清(qing)掃。發現仔(zi)(zi)(zi)鼬(you)精神萎靡、行動遲緩、豎毛、眼睛(jing)干燥、后(hou)背拱起(qi)、尾毛沾糞(fen)便(bian)，拒食(shi)等(deng)反常表現，應及(ji)時檢(jian)查治(zhi)療(liao)。90日齡后(hou)按成(cheng)鼬(you)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管理(li)。當年的仔(zi)(zi)(zi)鼬(you)入冬即(ji)可取皮，或翌春投入種群繁殖。

喂養

日(ri)喂(wei)(wei)兩次(ci)，上(shang)午(wu)(wu)7-8點投喂(wei)(wei)日(ri)糧(liang)的(de)40%，下午(wu)(wu)5-6點（冬季(ji)4-5點）投喂(wei)(wei)日(ri)糧(liang)的(de)60%。妊娠和哺乳(ru)期的(de)雌鼬(you)，中午(wu)(wu)少量增喂(wei)(wei)1次(ci)。除冬季(ji)和哺乳(ru)期外每周停食(shi)(shi)1次(ci)，刺(ci)激其采食(shi)(shi)。每日(ri)檢查(cha)黃鼬(you)的(de)精神、活動、食(shi)(shi)欲、糞(fen)便等狀況，發病(bing)時(shi)及時(shi)治療。經(jing)常(chang)檢查(cha)籠(long)舍(she)(she)，破損處(chu)馬(ma)上(shang)修補。每日(ri)傍晚飼(si)喂(wei)(wei)前(qian)，徹底清掃籠(long)舍(she)(she)，更換(huan)墊草(cao)，刷洗食(shi)(shi)具(ju)，補足(zu)清水。場地、籠(long)舍(she)(she)和用(yong)具(ju)定期消毒。夏季(ji)做好防暑、防潮、防病(bing)工作。

飼料

黃鼬(you)混(hun)合料(liao)力(li)求多樣化(hua)，營養豐(feng)富，適口性(xing)強。動物性(xing)飼料(liao)包(bao)括(kuo)畜、禽及鼠、蛙、魚、鳥、蛇、昆蟲等(deng)；谷物飼料(liao)包(bao)括(kuo)玉米面、麩糠、豆餅等(deng)；蔬菜(cai)飼料(liao)包(bao)括(kuo)蘿卜、白菜(cai)、甜菜(cai)等(deng)，新鮮或干(gan)貯的均可，礦物質飼料(liao)包(bao)括(kuo)食鹽、骨粉(fen)等(deng)。

日糧(liang)配(pei)方：非繁殖期為(wei)魚、肉30%、內臟(zang)25%、谷物35%、蔬(shu)菜(cai)10%、另加(jia)食(shi)鹽(yan)0．5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、骨粉2克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、酵母2克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、魚肝油(you)0．5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。繁殖期為(wei)魚、肉40%、內臟(zang)25%、乳類(lei)5%、谷物20%、蔬(shu)菜(cai)10%、外加(jia)食(shi)鹽(yan)0．5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、骨粉1．5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、酵母2克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、魚肝油(you)1克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。90日齡以(yi)上(shang)的(de)成鼬(you)(you)日糧(liang)為(wei)雄鼬(you)(you)150-200克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、雌(ci)鼬(you)(you)130-180克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，以(yi)吃飽而(er)不(bu)剩余為(wei)好。

非繁殖期動物性飼料(liao)以雞內(nei)臟、魚類及青蛙、蟬蛹為佳(jia)，以保(bao)證對蛋白質(zhi)的需要，提(ti)高毛皮質(zhi)量；在(zai)發(fa)情配種期增喂魚粉，畜禽頭和內(nei)臟，促進性器官的發(fa)育；在(zai)妊娠和哺(bu)乳期，要喂全價飼料(liao)，多喂青蛙、活泥鰍(qiu)等適口飼料(liao)。蔬(shu)菜要新鮮(xian)衛生，不喂變質(zhi)的飼料(liao)。

繁殖方式

每年(nian)3-4月發情交配。懷孕(yun)后期的雌獸行動(dong)謹慎(shen)、緩慢(man)。臨產(chan)前(qian)選擇柴草(cao)垛下、堤岸洞穴、墓地、亂(luan)石堆、樹(shu)洞等隱(yin)蔽處(chu)筑(zhu)巢。雌獸妊娠期為33-37天。通常5月產(chan)仔，每胎產(chan)2-8仔。初生的幼(you)仔全身被白色胎毛(mao)，雙眼緊閉(bi)，側身躺臥。9-10月齡達(da)到性成(cheng)熟(shu)。壽命(ming)為10-20年(nian)。

價值及其他

經濟價值

黃鼬(you)(you)大量捕食鼠(shu)(shu)類(lei)，是害鼠(shu)(shu)的(de)天敵(di)。據估算，一只鼬(you)(you)一年(nian)可吃1500-3200只老鼠(shu)(shu)。黃鼠(shu)(shu)狼的(de)毛(mao)皮，經加工后(hou)可制成裘皮大衣，不過它的(de)皮，夏天不值錢(qian)，非要入冬(dong)以(yi)后(hou)的(de)大雪(xue)、小雪(xue)時節(jie)的(de)皮才很(hen)昂貴。中國用(yong)其尾毛(mao)制做毛(mao)筆(bi)，稱為狼毫。鼬(you)(you)皮、鼬(you)(you)毛(mao)是中國傳統的(de)野生(sheng)毛(mao)皮動物出口項目(mu)商(shang)品。

藥用價值

【藥材名】鼬鼠肉

【拉丁名】MustelasibiricaPallas

【名(ming)稱考證】黃(huang)鼬，黃(huang)鼠(shu)狼，鼪鼠(shu)，地(di)猴，鬛鼠(shu)。

【科(ke)目來源】鼬科(ke)動物。

【藥用部位】黃(huang)鼬(you)的肉。

【性(xing)味(wei)歸(gui)經】甘、溫、有(you)小毒入肺、腎二經。

【功(gong)效主(zhu)治(zhi)】殺(sha)蟲療瘡、溫(wen)腎縮尿(niao)。治(zhi)疥瘡、瘡潰(kui)不愈合、尿(niao)頻(pin)。

【用(yong)法用(yong)量】內服：燒(shao)(shao)存(cun)性研末(mo)(mo)，0.5一(yi)1錢。外(wai)用(yong)：煎油徐(xu)或(huo)燒(shao)(shao)灰研末(mo)(mo)撤。

【資源(yuan)分(fen)布】分(fen)布遍及全國(guo)。

【古籍(ji)考證】出自《本草(cao)綱目(mu)(mu)》；《綱目(mu)(mu)》：“按《廣雅(ya)》，鼠(shu)狼即鼬也。此物(wu)健于(yu)搏鼠(shu)及離畜，又能制(zhi)蛇虺(hui)。”“鼬，處處有之，狀(zhuang)似(si)鼠(shu)而身長尾大，黃(huang)色帶亦，其氣極臊奧。”“鼬鼠(shu)心(xin)(xin)肝(gan)(gan)，氣味臭，微毒，治心(xin)(xin)腹痛，殺蟲(chong)。《海上仙(xian)方(fang)》用黃(huang)鼠(shu)心(xin)(xin)、肝(gan)(gan)、肺一(yi)具，陰干(gan)瓦焙為(wei)末，入乳香、沒藥(yao)、孩兒茶、血竭末各三分，每(mei)服一(yi)錢，燒酒調(diao)下立(li)止。”

【相(xiang)關選方(fang)】治淋病：鼬鼠(shu)全(quan)身(shen)黑燒粉末(mo)，與等量之梓白皮細末(mo)混合(he)，每次約服一匙許，開(kai)水送。