經常活躍于樹葉,樹干等地方,春天和(he)夏天多.
鱗(lin)(lin)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)目(Lepidoptera)是(shi)昆蟲綱中最常(chang)見的(de)一目。色(se)彩美麗,成蟲體肢和翅(chi)(chi)(chi)滿(man)被鱗(lin)(lin)片和毛,故(gu)2對(dui)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)為鱗(lin)(lin)翅(chi)(chi)(chi),且前(qian)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)大于(yu)后翅(chi)(chi)(chi);虹吸式口(kou)器(原始(shi)的(de)小翅(chi)(chi)(chi)蛾類(lei)上(shang)(shang)顎發(fa)達,為咀嚼式);觸角絲狀(zhuang)、雙櫛(zhi)狀(zhuang)、櫛(zhi)狀(zhuang)、棍棒狀(zhuang)等多型;復眼發(fa)達,單(dan)眼2個或無單(dan)眼。幼蟲也叫毛毛蟲,蠕蟲狀(zhuang),具3對(dui)胸足,腹足和尾足大多為5對(dui)。幼蟲體上(shang)(shang)生有剛毛,對(dui)剛毛的(de)排列和命名稱毛序,在分(fen)類(lei)上(shang)(shang)有重要意(yi)義。約有112000種,包括蛾類(lei)和蝶類(lei)。有些可作魚(yu)餌、喂(wei)魚(yu)。
頭(tou)部(bu):為下(xia)口(kou)式(shi)(shi),口(kou)器為咀嚼式(shi)(shi),有(you)堅硬(ying)的牙齒,便(bian)于(yu)咬食(shi)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)植物;頭(tou)殼硬(ying)化(hua)而色深,兩(liang)側(ce)各(ge)(ge)有(you)6只黑點狀的眼睛(jing)。胸部(bu):有(you)3節(jie),每(mei)(mei)節(jie)生(sheng)有(you)1對(dui)強(qiang)健(jian)的胸足(zu),便(bian)于(yu)爬行和攀援(yuan)。部(bu)分潛(qian)葉蛾的幼蟲因不需要爬行,導致胸足(zu)退化(hua)或消失。腹(fu)部(bu):通常(chang)10節(jie),每(mei)(mei)節(jie)兩(liang)側(ce)各(ge)(ge)生(sheng)有(you)1個氣門,用于(yu)呼吸。腹(fu)足(zu)通常(chang)5對(dui),著生(sheng)于(yu)第3~6腹(fu)節(jie)及第10腹(fu)節(jie)上。腹(fu)足(zu)有(you)時減少或退化(hua)。
毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)中還(huan)有(you)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)叫劇毒十二(er)點,它(ta)的(de)體內(nei)(nei)含有(you)劇毒。這是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)活在巴西(xi)南(nan)部的(de)飛蛾幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。盡管,我(wo)們(men)對毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)惡心(xin)模樣早就有(you)心(xin)理準備,可(ke)(ke)是(shi)這種(zhong)(zhong)巴西(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)惡心(xin)的(de)模樣還(huan)是(shi)嚇了(le)我(wo)一(yi)(yi)跳。從它(ta)身上(shang)(shang)漂亮(liang)的(de)保護色便可(ke)(ke)知道他的(de)毒性也不容小(xiao)視(shi)。據(ju)說每年都(dou)有(you)許多人因(yin)這種(zhong)(zhong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)毒而(er)死亡(wang)。但這種(zhong)(zhong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)毒素也是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)非常好的(de)抗凝血劑,可(ke)(ke)以用于突發事故傷(shang)口(kou)的(de)處(chu)理。毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)掉到人身上(shang)(shang),其眾多的(de)刺毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)接(jie)觸皮(pi)(pi)膚(fu)后可(ke)(ke)斷折(zhe),毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)腔內(nei)(nei)的(de)毒液(ye)便注(zhu)入皮(pi)(pi)內(nei)(nei),因(yin)毒毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)的(de)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)腔內(nei)(nei)充滿毒液(ye)可(ke)(ke)引(yin)起皮(pi)(pi)膚(fu)劇烈瘙癢與疼痛,有(you)時痛得像被(bei)火燒一(yi)(yi)樣。被(bei)蟄傷(shang)的(de)皮(pi)(pi)膚(fu)中心(xin)可(ke)(ke)有(you)小(xiao)丘(qiu)疹(zhen)(zhen),癢痛癥(zheng)狀可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續數(shu)小(xiao)時或更久。毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)皮(pi)(pi)炎(yan)是(shi)在某一(yi)(yi)部位出現大小(xiao)一(yi)(yi)致、且數(shu)量較多的(de)紅色丘(qiu)疹(zhen)(zhen)。
毛毛蟲(chong)分布(bu)很廣,各種(zhong)樹(shu)木上多生(sheng)(sheng)有(you)這(zhe)種(zhong)小毛蟲(chong)。到(dao)樹(shu)下納涼時(shi)應(ying)戴寬(kuan)邊草(cao)帽或遮(zhe)陽帽,穿長袖衣服(fu),不(bu)(bu)要在(zai)有(you)毛毛蟲(chong)的樹(shu)下停留。若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)慎(shen)身(shen)(shen)上落有(you)毛毛蟲(chong),不(bu)(bu)要亂(luan)拍打(da),應(ying)輕(qing)輕(qing)抖動(dong)掉,皮(pi)(pi)膚上如沾有(you)毒毛,可(ke)(ke)用(yong)醫(yi)(yi)用(yong)膠(jiao)布(bu)把毒毛粘去。若(ruo)一(yi)時(shi)找(zhao)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)醫(yi)(yi)用(yong)膠(jiao)布(bu),可(ke)(ke)用(yong)透明膠(jiao)紙代用(yong)。千(qian)萬不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)抓撓或亂(luan)摸,否則會(hui)越發(fa)(fa)嚴(yan)重(zhong),身(shen)(shen)體局(ju)部就會(hui)出現極癢(yang)(yang)的紅(hong)疹,且會(hui)快速(su)擴(kuo)散,癢(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)堪(kan)言,嚴(yan)重(zhong)時(shi)紅(hong)疹還會(hui)形成水皰。毒毛徹底清除干凈(jing)后,在(zai)局(ju)部受(shou)傷(shang)的皮(pi)(pi)膚上涂(tu)抹(mo)皮(pi)(pi)炎平、膚輕(qing)松或爐甘石洗(xi)劑,每日可(ke)(ke)涂(tu)抹(mo)多次(ci),并經(jing)常(chang)自行冰(bing)敷,兩(liang)個(ge)星(xing)期即(ji)可(ke)(ke)痊愈。癢(yang)(yang)痛劇烈者,或有(you)全身(shen)(shen)癥(zheng)狀,或發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)疹,可(ke)(ke)口服(fu)能(neng)止癢(yang)(yang)的克敏能(neng)、撲爾(er)敏等(deng)抗組胺類藥物,重(zhong)癥(zheng)患者需及(ji)時(shi)送醫(yi)(yi)院治(zhi)療。如果全身(shen)(shen)有(you)反(fan)應(ying)?如發(fa)(fa)熱、頭痛、腹痛等(deng),應(ying)馬上送醫(yi)(yi)院搶救。