經常活躍于樹葉,樹干等地方,春天和(he)夏天多.
鱗翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(Lepidoptera)是昆(kun)蟲(chong)綱中最(zui)常見的(de)一目(mu)。色彩美(mei)麗(li),成蟲(chong)體肢和(he)翅(chi)(chi)滿被鱗片和(he)毛(mao)(mao),故2對(dui)(dui)翅(chi)(chi)為(wei)鱗翅(chi)(chi),且前翅(chi)(chi)大于后翅(chi)(chi);虹(hong)吸式口器(原始的(de)小翅(chi)(chi)蛾(e)類(lei)上顎發達,為(wei)咀(ju)嚼式);觸角絲(si)狀、雙櫛(zhi)狀、櫛(zhi)狀、棍棒狀等多(duo)型(xing);復眼發達,單眼2個或無單眼。幼(you)蟲(chong)也叫毛(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)蟲(chong),蠕(ru)蟲(chong)狀,具3對(dui)(dui)胸足(zu),腹(fu)足(zu)和(he)尾足(zu)大多(duo)為(wei)5對(dui)(dui)。幼(you)蟲(chong)體上生有剛毛(mao)(mao),對(dui)(dui)剛毛(mao)(mao)的(de)排列和(he)命名稱毛(mao)(mao)序,在分類(lei)上有重要(yao)意義。約有112000種,包括(kuo)蛾(e)類(lei)和(he)蝶類(lei)。有些可作魚餌(er)、喂魚。
頭部:為下口式,口器為咀嚼式,有(you)(you)(you)堅硬的牙(ya)齒,便于咬食各(ge)(ge)種植物;頭殼(ke)硬化(hua)(hua)而色(se)深,兩側(ce)各(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)(you)6只黑點狀(zhuang)的眼睛。胸(xiong)部:有(you)(you)(you)3節(jie)(jie)(jie),每(mei)節(jie)(jie)(jie)生(sheng)(sheng)有(you)(you)(you)1對強健的胸(xiong)足(zu),便于爬行(xing)和攀援。部分潛葉(xie)蛾(e)的幼蟲因(yin)不需要(yao)爬行(xing),導致胸(xiong)足(zu)退(tui)化(hua)(hua)或消失。腹(fu)部:通常(chang)10節(jie)(jie)(jie),每(mei)節(jie)(jie)(jie)兩側(ce)各(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)有(you)(you)(you)1個氣門,用于呼(hu)吸。腹(fu)足(zu)通常(chang)5對,著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)于第(di)3~6腹(fu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)及第(di)10腹(fu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)上(shang)。腹(fu)足(zu)有(you)(you)(you)時減(jian)少(shao)或退(tui)化(hua)(hua)。
毛(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)中(zhong)還有(you)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)叫劇毒(du)十二點,它的(de)(de)體(ti)內(nei)含有(you)劇毒(du)。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生活在(zai)巴西(xi)南(nan)部(bu)的(de)(de)飛蛾幼蟲(chong)(chong)。盡(jin)管,我(wo)們對毛(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)惡心模(mo)樣(yang)早就有(you)心理準備,可是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)巴西(xi)毛(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)惡心的(de)(de)模(mo)樣(yang)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)嚇(xia)了我(wo)一(yi)跳。從(cong)它身上(shang)漂亮的(de)(de)保護色便可知道他的(de)(de)毒(du)性(xing)也不容小(xiao)視(shi)。據(ju)說每(mei)年都(dou)有(you)許多人(ren)因這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毛(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)毒(du)而死(si)亡。但(dan)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毛(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)毒(du)素也是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非常好的(de)(de)抗凝血劑,可以用于(yu)突(tu)發(fa)事故傷口的(de)(de)處理。毛(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)掉到人(ren)身上(shang),其眾多的(de)(de)刺毛(mao)(mao)接觸皮(pi)膚后可斷(duan)折,毛(mao)(mao)腔內(nei)的(de)(de)毒(du)液便注入皮(pi)內(nei),因毒(du)毛(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)毛(mao)(mao)腔內(nei)充(chong)滿毒(du)液可引起皮(pi)膚劇烈瘙癢與疼痛,有(you)時(shi)痛得像被火燒一(yi)樣(yang)。被蟄傷的(de)(de)皮(pi)膚中(zhong)心可有(you)小(xiao)丘疹,癢痛癥狀可持續(xu)數小(xiao)時(shi)或更(geng)久。毛(mao)(mao)毛(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)皮(pi)炎是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)某一(yi)部(bu)位出現大小(xiao)一(yi)致、且數量較多的(de)(de)紅色丘疹。
毛(mao)毛(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)分(fen)布很廣,各種樹(shu)木上(shang)(shang)多(duo)生有這種小毛(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)。到(dao)樹(shu)下納(na)涼時(shi)應戴寬邊(bian)草帽或(huo)(huo)遮陽帽,穿長(chang)袖衣服(fu),不(bu)(bu)要在(zai)有毛(mao)毛(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)的樹(shu)下停留。若不(bu)(bu)慎身(shen)上(shang)(shang)落有毛(mao)毛(mao)蟲(chong)(chong),不(bu)(bu)要亂拍打,應輕輕抖動(dong)掉,皮(pi)膚(fu)上(shang)(shang)如(ru)(ru)沾有毒(du)毛(mao),可(ke)用醫用膠布把毒(du)毛(mao)粘去。若一時(shi)找不(bu)(bu)到(dao)醫用膠布,可(ke)用透明膠紙代用。千萬不(bu)(bu)可(ke)抓(zhua)撓或(huo)(huo)亂摸,否則會(hui)越(yue)發嚴重(zhong)(zhong),身(shen)體局(ju)部(bu)就會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)極癢(yang)的紅疹,且會(hui)快速擴散,癢(yang)不(bu)(bu)堪言,嚴重(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)紅疹還會(hui)形成水皰。毒(du)毛(mao)徹(che)底清除干凈后,在(zai)局(ju)部(bu)受(shou)傷的皮(pi)膚(fu)上(shang)(shang)涂(tu)抹皮(pi)炎平(ping)、膚(fu)輕松(song)或(huo)(huo)爐甘(gan)石洗劑(ji),每日可(ke)涂(tu)抹多(duo)次,并經常自(zi)行冰敷(fu),兩個星期即可(ke)痊(quan)愈。癢(yang)痛劇烈者(zhe),或(huo)(huo)有全(quan)身(shen)癥狀,或(huo)(huo)發生嚴重(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)疹,可(ke)口服(fu)能止癢(yang)的克敏(min)(min)能、撲爾敏(min)(min)等抗組胺(an)類(lei)藥物,重(zhong)(zhong)癥患者(zhe)需(xu)及時(shi)送醫院治療。如(ru)(ru)果全(quan)身(shen)有反應?如(ru)(ru)發熱、頭痛、腹(fu)痛等,應馬(ma)上(shang)(shang)送醫院搶救。