芒果视频下载

網站分(fen)類
登錄 |    
山羊
0 票數:0 #羊#
山羊(學名:Capra aegagrus hircus)又稱夏羊、黑羊或羖羊,和綿羊一樣,是最早被人類馴化的家畜之一。中國山羊飼養歷史悠久,早在夏商時代就有養羊文字記載。山羊生產具有繁殖率高、適應性強、易管理等特點,至今在中國廣大農牧區廣泛飼養。中國山羊分布的地區廣,遍及全國,全國有一半以上的省(區)山羊頭數超過綿羊。
  • 中文學名: 山羊
  • 拉丁學名: Capra aegagrus hircus
  • 英文名: goat
  • 別稱: 夏(xia)羊,黑羊,羖羊
  • 界: 動(dong)物界
  • 門: 脊索(suo)動物門 Chordata
  • 亞門: 脊椎動物亞門 Vertebrata
  • 綱: 哺乳(ru)綱 Mammalia
  • 亞綱: 真獸亞綱 Eutheria
  • 目: 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
  • 科: 牛科(ke) Bovidae
  • 亞科: 羊(yang)亞科 Caprinae
  • 屬: 山(shan)羊屬 Capra
  • 種: 野山羊Capra aegagrus(原種(zhong))
  • 亞種: 家山羊Capra aegagrus hircus(馴化種)
  • 分布區域: 中國
本百科詞條由網站注冊用戶""編輯上傳提供,詞條屬于開放詞條,當前頁面所展示的百科詞條介紹涉及宣傳內容屬于注冊用戶個人編輯行為。與山羊的所屬企業/主題/所有人主體無關,詞條主體可以提供資料認證申請管理本詞條權限免費更新資料,也可以因內容與實際情況不符快速在線向網站提出反饋修改! 反饋
詳細介紹 PROFILE +

常見種類

安哥拉山羊

安(an)(an)哥(ge)拉山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)是古老的毛(mao)用山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)品(pin)種,屬于毛(mao)用山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)品(pin)種之一(yi)原產于土耳其(qi)草原地帶走耳其(qi)首都安(an)(an)卡拉周圍,主要分布于氣(qi)候(hou)干燥、土層(ceng)瘩(da)薄、牧草稀疏的安(an)(an)納(na)托(tuo)利亞(ya)高(gao)原在安(an)(an)哥(ge)拉高(gao)原上繁殖(zhi)最(zui)多,具有(you)(you)生產光澤(ze)好、價值高(gao)的馬(ma)海毛(mao),因此逐漸被(bei)人們重(zhong)視,16世紀(ji)相繼(ji)出口到(dao)一(yi)些國家(jia)。安(an)(an)哥(ge)拉山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)產毛(mao)量高(gao),毛(mao)長而有(you)(you)光澤(ze),彈(dan)性(xing)大(da),且結(jie)實(shi),國際市場(chang)上稱之為(wei)馬(ma)海毛(mao),用于高(gao)級精紡,是羊(yang)(yang)毛(mao)中價格最(zui)昂貴的一(yi)種。后又擴散到(dao)阿(a)根(gen)廷、萊索(suo)托(tuo)、澳(ao)大(da)利亞(ya)和俄羅斯(si)等國家(jia)飼養。西歐(ou)一(yi)些國家(jia)引進則未獲成(cheng)功。現以土耳其(qi)、美(mei)國和南非(fei)飼養最(zui)多,該品(pin)種公(gong)、母羊(yang)(yang)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)角(jiao)(jiao),顏面平直耳大(da)下垂,嘴唇(chun)端或(huo)耳緣有(you)(you)深色斑點頹短體(ti)軀窄。全身被(bei)毛(mao)白色由辮狀結(jie)構(gou)組(zu)成(cheng)呈波(bo)浪形(xing)具絹絲光澤(ze)。成(cheng)年公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)體(ti)重(zhong)40·5千(qian)克母羊(yang)(yang)30·5千(qian)克。安(an)(an)哥(ge)拉山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)體(ti)格中等,公(gong)、母羊(yang)(yang)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)角(jiao)(jiao),耳大(da)下,垂鼻梁(liang)平直或(huo)微凹(ao),胸狹窄,民傾斜,骨骼細,體(ti)質較(jiao)弱。全身被(bei)毛(mao)白色毛(mao)被(bei)由波(bo)浪形(xing)或(huo)螺旋(xuan)形(xing)的毛(mao)辮組(zu)成(cheng)毛(mao)辮長可垂地。成(cheng)年公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)體(ti)重(zhong)40·5千(qian)克母羊(yang)(yang)30·5千(qian)克。羊(yang)(yang)毛(mao)長度13·6厘米(mi)(mi),細度平均(jun)(jun)32微米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)。

安哥拉山羊(yang)性(xing)成(cheng)熟(shu)較(jiao)晚(wan),一般母羊(yang)18齡開始配種(zhong)多產(chan)單羔(gao),繁(fan)殖率(lv)及泌乳量均低。羔(gao)羊(yang)在大(da)群粗放(fang)條件(jian)下放(fang)牧成(cheng)活率(lv)為75%。安哥拉山羊(yang)被毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)主要由(you)無髓同型毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)纖維組成(cheng),部分羊(yang)只的被毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)中含有3%左右的有髓毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。剪毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)量公羊(yang)為35·.0千(qian)克,母羊(yang)為25·5千(qian)克。毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)股(gu)自然長度18·5厘米(mi),最長可(ke)達35厘米(mi),毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)纖維直徑35·2納(na)米(mi),羊(yang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)細度隨(sui)年齡增大(da)而(er)變粗。羊(yang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)含脂率(lv)6%,凈毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)率(lv)65%。在土(tu)耳其每(mei)年剪毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)一次美國和南非年剪兩次。與本(ben)地品(pin)種(zhong)羊(yang)的雜(za)交其后(hou)代產(chan)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)量和羊(yang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)品(pin)質一般隨(sui)雜(za)交代數的增加(jia)而(er)提高但(dan)體重則(ze)降低。

滄山黑羊

滄(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)全名(ming)滄(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang),肌(ji)纖維(wei)細,肉質(zhi)細嫩,味道鮮美,膻(shan)味極(ji)小,營養價(jia)值高(gao)(gao),被認定為(wei)(wei)(wei)綠(lv)色(se)(se)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)種,養殖(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)攝取(qu)多種中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)成分的(de)(de)(de)草食(shi)(shi)(shi),肉質(zhi)并具有(you)藥(yao)(yao)用滄(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)價(jia)值,經權威部門進行(xing)肉質(zhi)分析,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)達(da)20%,脂肪(fang)低(di)(di)于(yu)3%,膽固(gu)醇(chun)含(han)(han)量(liang)僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)60mg/kg,15種氨基酸(suan)含(han)(han)量(liang)齊全,特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)體(ti)必須氨基酸(suan)尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)豐富,滋補(bu)(bu)作用極(ji)強(qiang)(qiang),長期食(shi)(shi)(shi)用,可(ke)(ke)補(bu)(bu)虛(xu)(xu)、強(qiang)(qiang)體(ti),特(te)別適(shi)用于(yu)年老、體(ti)弱(ruo)、多病(bing)者(zhe),常(chang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)用黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)或(huo)配以適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)滋補(bu)(bu)藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin),以達(da)到補(bu)(bu)虛(xu)(xu)、健(jian)康、延(yan)年的(de)(de)(de)作用.經過養殖(zhi)(zhi)發現滄(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)適(shi)宜(yi)規(gui)模圈養或(huo)放養的(de)(de)(de)。滄(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)全身(shen)純黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)光亮,無雜(za)毛,皮呈青緞色(se)(se),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種極(ji)其珍(zhen)貴食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)資源(yuan)。肉質(zhi)優(you)良(liang)等特(te)點受到眾(zhong)多消費(fei)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)愛,酒店餐飲(yin)行(xing)業(ye),肉制品(pin)(pin)加工(gong)業(ye)對(dui)此的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)日益上升(sheng),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在中(zhong)國(guo)東南沿海一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)及港(gang)澳臺地區享有(you)較高(gao)(gao)聲譽、傳統專(zhuan)供(gong)香(xiang)港(gang)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)質(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)種。該(gai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)抗(kang)(kang)病(bing)力強(qiang)(qiang),耐寒、耐熱(re)、耐粗(cu)飼(si),能適(shi)應產(chan)區0~40℃的(de)(de)(de)氣溫(wen)環境,繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)率高(gao)(gao),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)可(ke)(ke)年產(chan)兩(liang)(liang)胎(tai),每胎(tai)可(ke)(ke)產(chan)兩(liang)(liang)羔,養殖(zhi)(zhi)滄(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)經濟效益好是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區農民發家致富的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)養殖(zhi)(zhi)門路。飼(si)草資源(yuan)豐富的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區農民可(ke)(ke)大力發展山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。湖南地區特(te)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)滄(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經湖南常(chang)德鼎(ding)城區黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)種苗繁(fan)育基地多年培育的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)種,純綠(lv)色(se)(se)草食(shi)(shi)(shi)動(dong)物,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)確認的(de)(de)(de)無公害(hai)(hai)草食(shi)(shi)(shi)類肉用性地方良(liang)種羊(yang)(yang)(yang)之一(yi)(yi),業(ye)已被列為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)保護種群。滄(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)主要采(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)天(tian)然牧草和無公害(hai)(hai)綠(lv)色(se)(se)植(zhi)物,其毛色(se)(se)純黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei),有(you)著體(ti)型高(gao)(gao)健(jian),性情溫(wen)順(shun),出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong),生(sheng)(sheng)長快,耐潮濕炎熱(re),抗(kang)(kang)病(bing)力強(qiang)(qiang),出(chu)肉率高(gao)(gao),肉質(zhi)好等優(you)勢特(te)點,幼羊(yang)(yang)(yang)出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)達(da)3~5公斤,成年羊(yang)(yang)(yang)最重(zhong)可(ke)(ke)達(da)100公斤左右,出(chu)肉率高(gao)(gao)達(da)58.9%至60%,為(wei)(wei)(wei)純綠(lv)色(se)(se)最佳肉食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin);其毛皮光澤度(du)強(qiang)(qiang),為(wei)(wei)(wei)優(you)質(zhi)板皮。隨(sui)著近些年來(lai),人(ren)們生(sheng)(sheng)活水平的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao),膳(shan)食(shi)(shi)(shi)結構的(de)(de)(de)改變,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉作為(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)蛋白(bai)、低(di)(di)脂肪(fang)、低(di)(di)膽固(gu)醇(chun)的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)色(se)(se)安全食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)市(shi)場需(xu)求(qiu)日益增大,特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)滄(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)已成為(wei)(wei)(wei)最搶手(shou)的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)色(se)(se)肉食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),被國(guo)內外市(shi)場普遍看好,供(gong)不應求(qiu)。滄(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)以其容易繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)長,經濟價(jia)值高(gao)(gao),市(shi)場需(xu)求(qiu)旺(wang),為(wei)(wei)(wei)無公害(hai)(hai)草食(shi)(shi)(shi)類肉用性動(dong)物,發展前景十分廣(guang)闊。

波爾山羊

波(bo)爾(er)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)原產(chan)自于南非,是世界上十(shi)分著名的(de)(de)(de)以(yi)肉(rou)用為(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)品種。目前主要(yao)(yao)分布在德國(guo)、美國(guo)、新西蘭等(deng)地。波(bo)爾(er)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)可分為(wei)5種類型(xing)(xing)(xing),普通型(xing)(xing)(xing)、長毛型(xing)(xing)(xing)、無角型(xing)(xing)(xing)、土種型(xing)(xing)(xing)和改(gai)良(liang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。改(gai)良(liang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)體(ti)型(xing)(xing)(xing)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)均勻,羊(yang)毛色澤一(yi)致,生長較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)快、體(ti)型(xing)(xing)(xing)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大,內(nei)質(zhi)好,有很(hen)強的(de)(de)(de)適應性,是一(yi)種作為(wei)理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)品種。當前,世界上肉(rou)用最(zui)為(wei)優(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)品種就是原產(chan)自于南非的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)爾(er)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang),波(bo)爾(er)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)有著十(shi)分明顯的(de)(de)(de)肉(rou)用體(ti)型(xing)(xing)(xing),背部寬(kuan)并(bing)且平直,腿部短(duan)、粗壯,肋骨開張較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好。山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)部位(wei)有著豐滿的(de)(de)(de)肌肉(rou),身體(ti)呈(cheng)現圓桶(tong)形狀。羔羊(yang)的(de)(de)(de)生長速(su)度也比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)快。

波爾山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)(de)結構比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)勻稱,身(shen)體結實(shi),有十分明(ming)顯的(de)(de)肉用特點,波爾山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)(de)鼻梁隆起,耳朵長、寬,較(jiao)光(guang)(guang)滑,呈下垂勢(shi)。公(gong)(gong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)羊(yang)角的(de)(de)彎曲方(fang)向(xiang)是(shi)向(xiang)后、向(xiang)下,母(mu)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)(de)羊(yang)角則是(shi)向(xiang)上、向(xiang)外。波爾山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)(de)眼睛(jing)是(shi)棕(zong)(zong)色的(de)(de),有一定的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)澤。頭(tou)、頸以(yi)(yi)及肩(jian)部(bu)結合較(jiao)好(hao),頸部(bu)粗壯。山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)胸部(bu)寬深,肋(lei)骨(gu)開張較(jiao)好(hao),有平直的(de)(de)背腰,腹部(bu)大而緊湊。脊骨(gu)末(mo)端的(de)(de)長和寬比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)鈄小(xiao),山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)(de)臀部(bu)以(yi)(yi)及股部(bu)的(de)(de)肌肉比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)豐(feng)滿。有粗壯的(de)(de)四肢,羊(yang)蹄堅實(shi),山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)(de)步態比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)穩健。公(gong)(gong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)(de)胸頸部(bu)褶(zhe)皺褶(zhe)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)明(ming)顯,睪丸(wan)發(fa)(fa)育良好(hao),大小(xiao)對稱、適中。母(mu)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)(de)乳房(fang)發(fa)(fa)育比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)好(hao),比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)柔軟,富有彈(dan)性,乳頭(tou)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)勻稱。被毛是(shi)白色的(de)(de),毛質短且有光(guang)(guang)澤,頭(tou)部(bu)以(yi)(yi)及耳部(bu)呈現(xian)淺棕(zong)(zong)色或(huo)者是(shi)深棕(zong)(zong)色,額部(bu)呈現(xian)廣流(liu)星。

生長與分布

分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于(yu)草原(yuan)、山地等干燥區域;主要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于(yu)溫(wen)帶。人類也有馴養。

形態及特征

角細,它的角很長,向兩側開張。山(shan)羊的(de)瞳孔在(zai)擴(kuo)大(da)時(shi)(shi),其形(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)就接近矩(ju)形(xing),這(zhe)是由山(shan)羊眼睛玻(bo)璃體的(de)光(guang)學特性、視網(wang)膜的(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)敏感度,以(yi)及山(shan)羊的(de)生(sheng)存環境和(he)需要(yao)決定(ding)。事(shi)實上,大(da)多數(shu)蹄趾類動物的(de)瞳孔在(zai)放大(da)時(shi)(shi),都(dou)近似于矩(ju)形(xing)。

生活習性

好動性

山羊勇敢活潑(po),敏捷機智(zhi),喜歡登高,善于游走,屬活潑(po)型小反芻動物(wu),愛角斗。

覓食性

山羊的(de)(de)覓(mi)食(shi)(shi)力強(qiang),食(shi)(shi)性雜(za),能(neng)食(shi)(shi)百樣草(cao),對(dui)各種牧(mu)草(cao)、灌木枝葉(xie)、作物(wu)(wu)秸(jie)稈、菜葉(xie)、果皮(pi)、藤蔓(man)、農副產品等均可(ke)采(cai)食(shi)(shi),其采(cai)食(shi)(shi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)種類較其他家畜廣泛。據(ju)(ju)對(dui)5種家畜飼喂植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan),山羊能(neng)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有607種,不(bu)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)有83種,采(cai)食(shi)(shi)率為88%,而綿(mian)羊、牛(niu)、馬、豬的(de)(de)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)率分別(bie)為80%、64%、73%和(he)46%在(zai)(zai)飼草(cao)匱乏的(de)(de)情況下(xia),山羊覓(mi)食(shi)(shi)力較強(qiang)。在(zai)(zai)荒漠、半荒漠地(di)區,牛(niu)不(bu)能(neng)利用的(de)(de)多數植(zhi)物(wu)(wu),山羊也能(neng)有效利用。山羊的(de)(de)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)間大多集中在(zai)(zai)白天(tian),日出時(shi)(shi)開始采(cai)食(shi)(shi),但并不(bu)連續(xu)采(cai)食(shi)(shi),而是在(zai)(zai)每(mei)天(tian)的(de)(de)一定時(shi)(shi)間內攝食(shi)(shi)量大,而在(zai)(zai)其他時(shi)(shi)間進行反(fan)芻、休息。據(ju)(ju)測定,每(mei)天(tian)清(qing)晨和(he)黃昏(hun),山羊的(de)(de)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)量大。因此(ci),在(zai)(zai)舍飼或半舍飼半放牧(mu)時(shi)(shi),供給山羊的(de)(de)草(cao)料(liao)應多樣化(hua),且需少食(shi)(shi)多餐。

合群性

山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)具(ju)有較(jiao)強的(de)合群(qun)性。無(wu)論放牧還是舍飼,山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)總喜(xi)歡在一起活動(dong),其中年齡大、后(hou)代(dai)多、身強體壯(zhuang)的(de)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)擔任“頭(tou)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)”的(de)角色。在頭(tou)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)帶領下(xia),其他羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只能順從地跟隨放牧、出入(ru)、起臥、過橋(qiao)及通過狹窄處。合群(qun)性給山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)大群(qun)放牧提供(gong)了便利。

多胎性

山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)成熟早,繁(fan)殖力(li)強(qiang),具有多(duo)(duo)胎多(duo)(duo)產的特點(dian)。大多(duo)(duo)數品種的山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)每胎可產羔(gao)(gao)2~3只,平均產羔(gao)(gao)率(lv)200%以上,比綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)產羔(gao)(gao)率(lv)高(gao)得多(duo)(duo)。山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)的多(duo)(duo)胎性(xing)使(shi)其(qi)繁(fan)殖效率(lv)遠大于綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang),為自繁(fan)自養,發展肉羊(yang)(yang)(yang)規模養殖創造了條(tiao)件。

喜潔性

山羊喜清潔、愛干(gan)(gan)燥(zao),厭惡污濁、潮(chao)濕,其(qi)嗅(xiu)覺高度發達,采食(shi)前(qian)總是先用鼻子嗅(xiu)一(yi)嗅(xiu),凡是有(you)(you)異味(wei)、沾(zhan)有(you)(you)糞便或(huo)腐敗的飼料(liao),被(bei)污染的飲(yin)水(shui)或(huo)被(bei)踐踏過的草料(liao),山羊寧愿受渴挨餓(e)也不采食(shi)。因(yin)此(ci),羊場應選擇在(zai)(zai)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)、通風(feng)、向(xiang)陽的地方,喂給的草料(liao)要(yao)少給勤添,飲(yin)水(shui)要(yao)放在(zai)(zai)水(shui)槽或(huo)水(shui)盆里,保持清潔衛生。

飼養方法

圈舍的選擇

羊(yang)(yang)舍應選在(zai)地(di)(di)勢高(gao)燥(zao)、排水良好(hao),向陽的(de)地(di)(di)方。羊(yang)(yang)舍地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)要(yao)高(gao)出地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)20cm以上。建筑材料應就地(di)(di)取材,總的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)堅固、保(bao)暖(nuan)和通(tong)風(feng)良好(hao)。羊(yang)(yang)舍的(de)面(mian)(mian)積可根據飼(si)(si)養(yang)規(gui)模而定,一般每只(zhi)(zhi)羊(yang)(yang)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)1.0~2.0m2。每間羊(yang)(yang)舍不能飼(si)(si)養(yang)太多羊(yang)(yang),否則不易管(guan)理,還(huan)增加了傳(chuan)染(ran)病發生的(de)幾率。參考值為種公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)1.5~2.0m2/只(zhi)(zhi),空懷母羊(yang)(yang)0.8~1.0m2/只(zhi)(zhi),妊娠或哺(bu)乳母羊(yang)(yang)2.0~2.3m2/只(zhi)(zhi),幼齡羊(yang)(yang)0.5~0.6m2/只(zhi)(zhi)。羊(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)多時(shi)(shi),為方便飼(si)(si)養(yang)管(guan)理,應設飼(si)(si)養(yang)員通(tong)道,通(tong)道兩側用鐵筋或木桿隔開,羊(yang)(yang)吃料和飲水時(shi)(shi),從欄桿探出頭采食或飲水。羊(yang)(yang)舍的(de)高(gao)視(shi)羊(yang)(yang)舍的(de)面(mian)(mian)積而定,如果是(shi)封閉羊(yang)(yang)舍,高(gao)度要(yao)考慮陽光照(zhao)射的(de)面(mian)(mian)積

種公羊的飼養管理

一(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況下,優(you)質(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)10月齡時(shi)可(ke)適量(liang)(liang)配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)初(chu)期,要(yao)(yao)適當配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)放牧后,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚上要(yao)(yao)單獨分(fen)(fen)圈飼(si)養,讓種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)有(you)(you)充分(fen)(fen)時(shi)間休息,還(huan)要(yao)(yao)補(bu)飼(si)一(yi)定的(de)(de)精(jing)料(liao)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)一(yi)歲(sui)可(ke)正式投(tou)入配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生產(chan),但(dan)都必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)行(xing)補(bu)料(liao)。每只(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)受(shou)體(ti)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)受(shou)配(pei)情(qing)況,都要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)詳(xiang)細的(de)(de)記錄(lu),以便根(gen)據實(shi)際情(qing)況進(jin)(jin)行(xing)合理(li)調整,使每只(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)發(fa)揮最大(da)效(xiao)能。要(yao)(yao)想(xiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)格健(jian)壯(zhuang)、膘情(qing)適中、精(jing)力(li)充沛、性欲旺盛并具有(you)(you)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)精(jing)液品質(zhi),必(bi)須加強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)飼(si)養管理(li),以提(ti)高種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)利用率并延長(chang)其使用年(nian)限。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)飼(si)養,要(yao)(yao)求飼(si)料(liao)營(ying)養價值高,有(you)(you)足量(liang)(liang)優(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)蛋白質(zhi)、維生素及(ji)無機鹽等,且(qie)易消化,適口性好(hao)。非配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期,每天(tian)(tian)定時(shi)喂給(gei)(gei)兩次優(you)質(zhi)青干草和(he)少量(liang)(liang)鮮綠多(duo)汁飼(si)料(liao),同時(shi)每只(zhi)(zhi)成年(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)每天(tian)(tian)補(bu)給(gei)(gei)全價配(pei)合飼(si)料(liao)0.3kg左右(you)。采(cai)精(jing)期每天(tian)(tian)補(bu)給(gei)(gei)全價配(pei)合飼(si)料(liao)0.4kg左右(you),最好(hao)補(bu)飼(si)生雞(ji)蛋1~2枚。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)每天(tian)(tian)放牧的(de)(de)時(shi)間為6~8h,任其自由采(cai)食。這樣不僅(jin)可(ke)以保(bao)持種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)良(liang)好(hao)體(ti)型(xing),增強抗(kang)病(bing)能力(li),而且(qie)可(ke)增強其性欲。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)定期進(jin)(jin)行(xing)檢查、預(yu)防接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)防治體(ti)內、外寄生蟲,日常應注意觀察種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)狀態,發(fa)現疾病(bing),要(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)治療(liao)。

懷孕母羊的飼養管理

在母(mu)羊懷孕前3個(ge)(ge)月,加(jia)(jia)強放(fang)牧(mu),做到不(bu)急(ji)趕、不(bu)打(da)、不(bu)嚇、慢(man)出、慢(man)進、嚴禁擁擠。使母(mu)羊盡快復膘,保證胎兒(er)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發育,防止(zhi)流產。在懷孕最后兩個(ge)(ge)月,一(yi)方(fang)面胎兒(er)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發育快,新增體(ti)重約占羔(gao)羊初生(sheng)(sheng)體(ti)重的90%,需要(yao)營養物質較多;另一(yi)方(fang)面母(mu)羊胃容積隨胎兒(er)增長(chang)受到影(ying)響。因此,加(jia)(jia)強放(fang)牧(mu)的同(tong)時要(yao)補以適(shi)量的營養全面的精(jing)料,在滿足能量、蛋白需要(yao)的同(tong)時,要(yao)適(shi)當添加(jia)(jia)一(yi)些(xie)礦(kuang)物質,多種維生(sheng)(sheng)素等,以滿足羔(gao)羊生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)及基礎(chu)代(dai)謝(xie)需要(yao)。

初生羔羊的飼養管理

(1)羔羊(yang)落地后,立即掏盡和(he)(he)(he)擦干(gan)(gan)口鼻腔(qiang)內粘液(ye),不僅利于呼吸,還避免(mian)誤咽羊(yang)水而(er)造成異物(wu)性肺(fei)炎;同時擦干(gan)(gan)頭、四肢、腹(fu)下(xia)粘液(ye),身軀上讓母羊(yang)自行舔食干(gan)(gan),以利母子親和(he)(he)(he);及(ji)時斷(duan)臍(qi)和(he)(he)(he)消毒,將臍(qi)帶距(ju)腹(fu)部3~4cm處用5%碘酒溶液(ye)消毒后剪斷(duan)。

(2)初(chu)產羔(gao)要吃(chi)好初(chu)乳(ru),用(yong)溫消毒藥水清洗母(mu)羊(yang)乳(ru)房并擦干(gan),擠掉最初(chu)幾(ji)滴奶后,盡快讓羔(gao)羊(yang)吃(chi)上、吃(chi)好初(chu)乳(ru),以(yi)獲(huo)得較(jiao)高(gao)的母(mu)源(yuan)抗體。

(3)搞好(hao)羔羊(yang)(yang)的欄(lan)舍(she)衛(wei)生(sheng),勤換產(chan)(chan)(chan)欄(lan)墊草,保(bao)持產(chan)(chan)(chan)欄(lan)清(qing)潔干燥及母仔羊(yang)(yang)衛(wei)生(sheng),夏季產(chan)(chan)(chan)欄(lan)舍(she)要通風良(liang)好(hao),冬(dong)季要做好(hao)防(fang)寒保(bao)暖(nuan)工(gong)作。

(4)加(jia)強缺(que)奶羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)的補飼(si)和護理,無母(mu)孤(gu)羔(gao)(gao)及一胎多(duo)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang),我們應采用寄養,擠其他母(mu)羊(yang)奶哺喂(wei)或用牛(niu)奶人(ren)工補飼(si)。

山羊放牧管理

放牧(mu)管理的(de)主(zhu)要目的(de)是羊(yang)兒吃(chi)飽吃(chi)好,達到膘肥體壯(zhuang)。

根據筆(bi)者(zhe)多(duo)年(nian)的牧羊(yang)經(jing)驗,羊(yang)一天(tian)的攝食時間應不低于8h,要達到“四個(ge)飽(bao)(bao)”。羊(yang)從上山采食到反芻叫一個(ge)飽(bao)(bao),一個(ge)飽(bao)(bao)的周(zhou)期是2h左右,四個(ge)飽(bao)(bao)應是8h。

(1)夏(xia)秋季因日長夜短,氣溫高,羊(yang)的飲水(shui)量增加,需(xu)食量增加,此時(shi)應(ying)一天(tian)放牧(mu)兩次,中午讓(rang)羊(yang)回到(dao)圈舍中休息、飲水(shui)并適當(dang)補鹽,具體的時(shi)間是早(zao)晨7~11點,下午4~8點。

(2)冬春季晝短(duan)夜長,氣溫低,牧(mu)草老化,此時必(bi)須延長放牧(mu)時間,讓(rang)羊只多攝入營養,應全(quan)天放羊,早9~10點(dian)上山,下午5~6點(dian)收羊。

(3)適(shi)當輪(lun)牧,緩解(jie)草場(chang)壓力,減(jian)少寄生蟲病發生。

山羊的越冬管理

山羊越冬管(guan)理時(shi)(shi)間是(shi)指每年農歷(li)十一(yi)月(yue)到次年二月(yue)上(shang)旬。歷(li)時(shi)(shi)3個半月(yue)時(shi)(shi)間,在此期間氣(qi)溫(wen)低,牧(mu)草枯(ku),所以(yi)越冬管(guan)理實(shi)際就(jiu)是(shi)人(ren)為(wei)地在越冬期內造就(jiu)一(yi)個溫(wen)暖的(de)生活(huo)環境和補(bu)給(gei)充(chong)分的(de)草料或精料。

(1)山羊(yang)性(xing)溫(wen)怕寒,適宜的(de)溫(wen)度(du)15~25℃。當溫(wen)度(du)低(di)于(yu)10℃時(shi)(shi)(shi),山羊(yang)采(cai)食(shi)量(liang)、采(cai)食(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)減(jian)少(shao),好動性(xing)不明顯。當氣(qi)溫(wen)低(di)于(yu)5℃時(shi)(shi)(shi),多數(shu)(shu)羊(yang)只停止采(cai)食(shi),出現群體取暖或往低(di)洼處(chu)避寒。如果(guo)哺乳(ru)母羊(yang)在(zai)5℃以(yi)下,連續(xu)受寒兩天,多數(shu)(shu)母羊(yang)停止泌乳(ru),這是(shi)(shi)造(zao)成冬羔(gao)大(da)量(liang)死亡的(de)致(zhi)命因(yin)素,也是(shi)(shi)多數(shu)(shu)養(yang)羊(yang)戶(hu)失敗(bai)的(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)要原因(yin)。如果(guo)長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)陰雨和下雪結冰時(shi)(shi)(shi),應停止放牧,轉(zhuan)為圈養(yang)。

(2)越冬(dong)期氣溫低、草質(zhi)(zhi)差(cha),放牧時山(shan)羊攝(she)(she)食(shi)量減少(shao),攝(she)(she)入的(de)(de)牧草營(ying)養差(cha),而抵御風寒,又要消耗過多體能(neng),如不人工補料,羊的(de)(de)代謝就(jiu)會失去平衡而紊亂,膘力下降,體質(zhi)(zhi)變差(cha),免(mian)疫力降低,發病率升高,造成(cheng)大批死(si)亡,所以冬(dong)季(ji)必須補料和(he)調整營(ying)養。

病害防治

山(shan)羊(yang)疾病防治一直是山(shan)羊(yang)生(sheng)產中的(de)薄弱環節,必(bi)須(xu)引起養殖(zhi)戶的(de)高(gao)(gao)度重(zhong)(zhong)視。在管(guan)理上除(chu)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)清潔衛生(sheng)和防寒(han)保暖(nuan)外(wai),定期消(xiao)(xiao)毒、免疫(yi)注(zhu)射(she)(she)和驅除(chu)體內(nei)、外(wai)寄(ji)生(sheng)蟲是預防山(shan)羊(yang)疾病、降低死亡率(lv)和提高(gao)(gao)養殖(zhi)效(xiao)益的(de)3大技術措施。養殖(zhi)戶每月需(xu)對羊(yang)圈和運動場進行一次(ci)(ci)徹底(di)消(xiao)(xiao)毒。消(xiao)(xiao)毒藥可(ke)選用高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)碘、百(bai)毒殺(sha)或(huo)燒堿等,最好(hao)(hao)輪流使用不同的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)毒藥,以增加消(xiao)(xiao)毒效(xiao)果。山(shan)羊(yang)體內(nei)、外(wai)寄(ji)生(sheng)蟲春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)各(ge)(ge)驅蟲一次(ci)(ci)。本著以預防為主(zhu)的(de)原則,除(chu)每年應進行的(de)春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)兩季(ji)口(kou)蹄(ti)疫(yi)強制免疫(yi)外(wai),還應在羔羊(yang)15日(ri)齡(ling)時(shi),內(nei)唇(chun)粘(zhan)膜注(zhu)射(she)(she)傳(chuan)(chuan)染性膿皰皮炎活疫(yi)苗(羊(yang)口(kou)瘡(chuang));30日(ri)齡(ling)時(shi)肌(ji)肉注(zhu)射(she)(she)傳(chuan)(chuan)染性胸(xiong)膜肺炎滅活苗;60日(ri)齡(ling)時(shi)尾根皮下(xia)注(zhu)射(she)(she)山(shan)羊(yang)痘疫(yi)苗;90日(ri)齡(ling)時(shi)肌(ji)肉注(zhu)射(she)(she)口(kou)蹄(ti)疫(yi)疫(yi)苗,21~28d重(zhong)(zhong)復一次(ci)(ci)。各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)疫(yi)苗使用時(shi)要(yao)詳(xiang)細閱讀說明(ming)書,接種(zhong)前應搖均,嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)劑量注(zhu)射(she)(she),減少免疫(yi)失(shi)敗的(de)發生(sheng)。

發表評論
您還未登錄,依《網絡安全法》相關要求,請您登錄賬戶后再提交發布信息。點擊登錄>>如您還未注冊,可,感謝您的理解及支持!
最(zui)新評論(lun)
暫無評論
網站提醒和聲明
本站(zhan)為注(zhu)冊用(yong)戶(hu)提供信息存儲空(kong)間服務,非(fei)“MAIGOO編輯上(shang)傳提供”的文(wen)章/文(wen)字均是注(zhu)冊用(yong)戶(hu)自主發布上(shang)傳,不代表(biao)本站(zhan)觀點,更不表(biao)示本站(zhan)支持購買和交易,本站(zhan)對網頁(ye)中內容(rong)的合法性、準確性、真實性、適(shi)用(yong)性、安全性等概不負責(ze)。版權(quan)歸(gui)原作者所有,如有侵權(quan)、虛假信息、錯誤信息或任何問題(ti),請及時(shi)聯(lian)系我們,我們將在第一時(shi)間刪除(chu)或更正。 申請刪除>> 糾錯>> 投訴侵權>>
提(ti)交說明: 查看提交幫助>> 注冊登錄>>
頁面相關分類
熱門模塊
已有1642928個品牌入駐 更新517447個招商信息 已發布1571341個加盟需求 已有1300636條品牌點贊