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節日來源

“龍(long)抬頭(tou)(tou)”的(de)(de)說辭，來自古老(lao)的(de)(de)天(tian)文學(xue)，上古時代(dai)人(ren)(ren)們(men)選擇黃道(dao)赤(chi)道(dao)附近(jin)的(de)(de)二(er)十(shi)八(ba)個(ge)(ge)組星(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)作(zuo)為(wei)坐(zuo)標，以此作(zuo)為(wei)觀測天(tian)象(xiang)參照物。古人(ren)(ren)根據日月星(xing)(xing)(xing)辰的(de)(de)運行軌跡和位置，把黃道(dao)附近(jin)的(de)(de)星(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)劃分為(wei)二(er)十(shi)八(ba)組，俗稱“二(er)十(shi)八(ba)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)”。“宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)”表(biao)(biao)示居住，因為(wei)它們(men)環列在(zai)日、月、五星(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)四(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)，很像(xiang)日、月、五星(xing)(xing)(xing)棲宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)場所，所以稱作(zuo)“宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)”。“二(er)十(shi)八(ba)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)”按(an)照東(dong)西(xi)南北(bei)四(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)劃分為(wei)四(si)(si)大組，產生(sheng)“四(si)(si)象(xiang)”：東(dong)方(fang)(fang)蒼(cang)(cang)龍(long)，西(xi)方(fang)(fang)白(bai)虎，南方(fang)(fang)朱雀(que)，北(bei)方(fang)(fang)玄武。在(zai)東(dong)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)7個(ge)(ge)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)分別叫(jiao)做(zuo)：“角(jiao)(jiao)、亢、氐(di)、房、心(xin)、尾、箕”，七(qi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)組成一(yi)個(ge)(ge)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)龍(long)形(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)，人(ren)(ren)們(men)稱它為(wei)“東(dong)方(fang)(fang)蒼(cang)(cang)龍(long)”，其中角(jiao)(jiao)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)龍(long)角(jiao)(jiao)，亢宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)龍(long)的(de)(de)咽喉，氐(di)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)龍(long)爪，心(xin)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)龍(long)的(de)(de)心(xin)臟，尾宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)和箕宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)龍(long)尾。在(zai)冬季(ji)，這(zhe)蒼(cang)(cang)龍(long)七(qi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)都隱(yin)沒(mei)在(zai)北(bei)方(fang)(fang)地平(ping)線(xian)(xian)(xian)下。仲(zhong)春（驚蟄至春分間），角(jiao)(jiao)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)（角(jiao)(jiao)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)一(yi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)和角(jiao)(jiao)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)二(er)星(xing)(xing)(xing)）就從東(dong)方(fang)(fang)地平(ping)線(xian)(xian)(xian)上出現了，這(zhe)時整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)蒼(cang)(cang)龍(long)的(de)(de)身子還隱(yin)沒(mei)在(zai)地平(ping)線(xian)(xian)(xian)以下，只是(shi)角(jiao)(jiao)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)初(chu)露，故稱“龍(long)抬頭(tou)(tou)”。龍(long)抬頭(tou)(tou)是(shi)指蒼(cang)(cang)龍(long)七(qi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)群星(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)天(tian)空的(de)(de)隱(yin)現變化，并非是(shi)真有一(yi)條動物之(zhi)龍(long)在(zai)變換。

蒼(cang)(cang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)七(qi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出沒周期(qi)與一年農(nong)(nong)時(shi)周期(qi)相(xiang)一致。春(chun)(chun)天(tian)農(nong)(nong)耕開始(shi)之際，蒼(cang)(cang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)七(qi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)在(zai)東方(fang)地(di)平線上(shang)開始(shi)慢慢上(shang)升，最先(xian)露出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)明亮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)首—角宿(su)(su)(su)(su)；夏天(tian)作物生長，蒼(cang)(cang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)高懸于南方(fang)夜(ye)空；而(er)(er)到了秋天(tian)，莊稼(jia)豐(feng)收，蒼(cang)(cang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)也開始(shi)在(zai)西方(fang)下落；冬天(tian)萬物伏藏，蒼(cang)(cang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)則隱(yin)藏于北方(fang)地(di)平線以下。古人把仲春(chun)(chun)時(shi)蒼(cang)(cang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)七(qi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)在(zai)東方(fang)地(di)平線上(shang)嶄(zhan)露頭(tou)(tou)角稱(cheng)為(wei)“見龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)在(zai)田”（即(ji)為(wei)“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)”），仲夏蒼(cang)(cang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)七(qi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)升至正南中天(tian)稱(cheng)為(wei)“飛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)在(zai)天(tian)”；此(ci)外(wai)還有“亢龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)有悔”、“群龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)無(wu)首”等，分別對(dui)應各時(shi)節天(tian)象。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)耕文化(hua)中標示陽(yang)氣(qi)自地(di)底而(er)(er)出，雨水增多，萬物生機盎然(ran)，春(chun)(chun)耕由(you)此(ci)開始(shi)了。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)時(shi)節，我國長江中下游流域以南很多地(di)方(fang)已開始(shi)進(jin)入雨季，春(chun)(chun)雷始(shi)鳴(ming)。元時(shi)期(qi)將(jiang)陰歷(li)“二月(yue)二”稱(cheng)為(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)，從節氣(qi)上(shang)說，“二月(yue)初二”正處在(zai)二十(shi)四節氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“雨水”、“驚蟄”、“春(chun)(chun)分”之間(jian)。與“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)”相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動很多，但不論哪(na)種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)，均圍(wei)繞美(mei)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)神信仰而(er)(er)展開，它(ta)是(shi)人們寄托生存希望(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動。就全(quan)國而(er)(er)言，由(you)于地(di)域不同，各地(di)風俗也各有差異。

歷史沿革

龍是中國等東亞區域古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)神話傳說生活于大海(hai)中的(de)(de)神異生物，司掌行云布(bu)雨，是和風化雨的(de)(de)主宰，常用來象征祥瑞。其由來于自然天象崇拜，與上古(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)天文(wen)(wen)學(xue)對星(xing)辰運行的(de)(de)認(ren)識以及農(nong)(nong)耕文(wen)(wen)化有關。古(gu)(gu)(gu)人觀測天象的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)在于確定時(shi)(shi)間，從而(er)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)業生產提供服務。龍抬頭(tou)(tou)是中國古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)耕文(wen)(wen)化對于時(shi)(shi)令的(de)(de)反映，“龍抬頭(tou)(tou)”雖(sui)有著久遠的(de)(de)歷史(shi)源頭(tou)(tou)，但(dan)廣泛(fan)流傳成為(wei)全國性(xing)節(jie)日并(bing)出現在文(wen)(wen)獻上記載(zai)是在元代(dai)(dai)之后(hou)。

漢時期

漢(han)代是我(wo)國南北各地(di)文化交流融合的重要(yao)時期(qi)，在(zai)漢(han)代文獻(xian)出現(xian)了龍(long)(long)形(xing)(xing)象的記載。西漢(han)董(dong)仲舒(shu)的《春秋繁露》中提到舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)求(qiu)雨的活(huo)動，直接借助龍(long)(long)的形(xing)(xing)象舉行(xing)求(qiu)雨活(huo)動。在(zai)漢(han)代畫像石(shi)上也刻有“戲龍(long)(long)”的舞(wu)(wu)蹈場面，后(hou)世以此作為舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)燈的濫觴。

唐時期

唐時期，在文獻(xian)上(shang)仍(reng)未出現龍抬(tai)頭的節(jie)(jie)俗(su)記載。唐朝長(chang)安(an)人把二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)朔(shuo)作為一(yi)個特(te)殊的日子(zi)，說(shuo)這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)“迎富(fu)(fu)貴(gui)”的日子(zi)，在這(zhe)一(yi)天要吃“迎富(fu)(fu)貴(gui)果子(zi)”，就是(shi)(shi)吃一(yi)些(xie)點心類(lei)食(shi)品。據《唐書(shu)·李泌(mi)傳》記載，唐中葉以(yi)前，在當(dang)時的長(chang)安(an)春天只(zhi)有三(san)個節(jie)(jie)日——正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)九、正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)晦(hui)(三(san)十日)和(he)(he)三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)巳節(jie)(jie)，二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)沒有節(jie)(jie)，李泌(mi)上(shang)書(shu)，廢正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)晦(hui)，以(yi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)一(yi)為中和(he)(he)節(jie)(jie)（取(qu)中正(zheng)、平(ping)和(he)(he)之(zhi)意），以(yi)示務本。德(de)宗(zong)十分(fen)贊同，并下令以(yi)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)九、二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)朔(shuo)和(he)(he)三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)巳合(he)稱三(san)令節(jie)(jie)。

唐(tang)(tang)(tang)德(de)宗時期(qi)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)德(de)宗認(ren)為(wei)，三月(yue)有(you)“上巳節(jie)”，九月(yue)有(you)“重陽(yang)節(jie)”，而二月(yue)正是(shi)天氣由(you)寒轉暖、萬物復(fu)蘇(su)、農(nong)事(shi)開始之際，卻沒有(you)一個節(jie)日(ri)(ri)，實在說不過去，于是(shi)就征求(qiu)宰相李泌(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)意見。李泌(mi)(mi)覺得(de)德(de)宗所(suo)說頗有(you)道理，為(wei)此他(ta)(ta)建議：廢(fei)除以往(wang)正月(yue)晦(hui)日(ri)(ri)（正月(yue)最(zui)后一天）為(wei)節(jie)的(de)(de)舊例，改貞元五(wu)(wu)年（790）二月(yue)一日(ri)(ri)為(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)節(jie)”；這一天，皇帝要賜宴群(qun)臣，并賜給他(ta)(ta)們刀、尺，表示裁度：百官要獻農(nong)書(shu)，表示務(wu)本；民間要用青色的(de)(de)袋子裝著(zhu)谷物及瓜果種粒(li)，互相贈送親友；村社居民要釀制宜春酒來(lai)祭祀勾芒神(shen)，以祈禱(dao)豐收等等。德(de)宗聽(ting)了十分高興，完全采納了李泌(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)意見，立即頒布了一道詔令，以貞元五(wu)(wu)年二月(yue)一日(ri)(ri)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)節(jie)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)代宴會總少不了賦詩樂舞，中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)節(jie)宴亦復(fu)如此。

尉(wei)遲(chi)樞《南梵新聞》記載說：“李泌謂以(yi)二月一日為中(zhong)和節(jie)(jie)，人(ren)家(jia)以(yi)青囊(nang)盛百谷(gu)果實(shi)，更相饋(kui)遺(yi)，務(wu)極新巧，宮中(zhong)亦然，謂之獻生(sheng)子。”可見(jian)獻生(sheng)子是中(zhong)和節(jie)(jie)活動的主要特點。

宋時期

宋(song)代時(shi)在(zai)我國一些地方(fang)二(er)月(yue)(yue)初二(er)有(you)(you)“挑(tiao)菜(cai)(cai)”御宴(yan)活(huo)動，但與“龍(long)”無(wu)關(guan)。宋(song)人周密在(zai)《武(wu)林舊(jiu)事(shi)》中(zhong)記述南宋(song)時(shi)，二(er)月(yue)(yue)初二(er)這一天宮(gong)中(zhong)有(you)(you)“挑(tiao)菜(cai)(cai)”御宴(yan)活(huo)動。唐宋(song)時(shi)文獻(xian)所記載的這些地方(fang)“二(er)月(yue)(yue)二(er)”活(huo)動并沒有(you)(you)和“龍(long)抬頭(tou)”聯系在(zai)一起(qi)。

元時期

到了(le)元時期(qi)，在文獻上，陰(yin)歷(li)二(er)月二(er)就明確作為(wei)(wei)“龍(long)抬(tai)頭”了(le)。《析津志》在描述大都城(cheng)的風俗(su)時提到，“二(er)月二(er)，謂(wei)之龍(long)抬(tai)頭”。這天(tian)北方地區人們(men)盛(sheng)行吃面條(tiao)，稱為(wei)(wei)“龍(long)須面”；還要烙餅，叫(jiao)作“龍(long)鱗(lin)”；若(ruo)包餃子，則稱為(wei)(wei)“龍(long)牙”。總之所(suo)吃的食(shi)物都要以龍(long)體部(bu)位(wei)命(ming)名。

明時期

明代以后，“二月(yue)二”又(you)有關于龍抬(tai)頭的諸多習(xi)俗(su)(su)記載，諸如撒灰(hui)引龍、扶龍、熏蟲(chong)避(bi)蝎、剃(ti)龍頭、忌針(zhen)刺龍眼等節(jie)俗(su)(su)，故稱龍抬(tai)頭日。元費著《歲華紀(ji)麗譜》：“二月(yue)二日踏(ta)青節(jie)，韌郡(jun)人游(you)賞散四(si)郊。……”。又(you)汪灝《廣群芳譜天時譜》引《翰墨記》：“洛陽風俗(su)(su)，以二月(yue)二日為(wei)(wei)花朝節(jie)，士(shi)庶游(you)玩，又(you)為(wei)(wei)挑菜節(jie)。”

明(ming)時期還在二(er)(er)月(yue)二(er)(er)還增添(tian)了“熏(xun)蟲(chong)”、“炒豆”的活動。明(ming)人的《帝京景物略》中(zhong)說(shuo)：“二(er)(er)月(yue)二(er)(er)日曰(yue)龍抬頭……熏(xun)床炕(kang)，曰(yue)熏(xun)蟲(chong)，為(wei)引龍蟲(chong)不出(chu)也。”

清時期

清(qing)康熙時(shi)的(de)《大興縣志(zhi)》記(ji)載，“二(er)(er)月二(er)(er)，家各為葷素餅(bing)，以(yi)油烹而食(shi)之，曰熏蟲。”清(qing)咸豐(feng)《武(wu)定府(fu)志(zhi)》：“……以(yi)二(er)(er)月二(er)(er)日為春龍(long)(long)節，取灶灰圍屋(wu)如龍(long)(long)蛇(she)狀，名(ming)曰引錢(qian)龍(long)(long)，招福祥(xiang)也(ye)。清(qing)末的(de)《燕(yan)京歲時(shi)記(ji)》說：“二(er)(er)月二(er)(er)日……今人(ren)呼為龍(long)(long)抬(tai)頭。是(shi)日食(shi)餅(bing)者謂(wei)之龍(long)(long)鱗(lin)餅(bing)，食(shi)面者謂(wei)之龍(long)(long)須面。閨中停止(zhi)針(zhen)線，恐傷龍(long)(long)目也(ye)。”這時(shi)不(bu)僅(jin)吃餅(bing)吃面條，婦女還不(bu)能(neng)操做針(zhen)線活，怕傷害(hai)了(le)龍(long)(long)的(de)眼睛(jing)。

詳細解釋

寓意

龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)本源于(yu)上(shang)古星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)宿崇(chong)拜，是(shi)我國(guo)傳統二十(shi)八宿天(tian)(tian)學(xue)體(ti)系中(zhong)由角(jiao)、亢、氐、房、心、尾六宿星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)官(guan)所(suo)構成的(de)(de)形象。而“見(jian)(jian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)田(tian)”所(suo)描述的(de)(de)則是(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)伏(fu)沒之(zhi)后，位于(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)角(jiao)的(de)(de)角(jiao)宿從(cong)東(dong)方(fang)地(di)平線(xian)上(shang)重新(xin)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)起(qi)的(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)象。《象》曰：“見(jian)(jian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)田(tian)，德(de)(de)施普也”。《易經(jing)·乾(qian)(qian)卦(gua)》爻(yao)(yao)(yao)辭中(zhong)所(suo)言(yan)的(de)(de)“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”，實質是(shi)對(dui)蒼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)群(qun)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)年四時運(yun)行情(qing)況的(de)(de)闡發(fa)。“初九(jiu)(jiu)，潛(qian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)勿(wu)用”；冬天(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，潛(qian)入(ru)北方(fang)地(di)平線(xian)下看不(bu)見(jian)(jian)，所(suo)以(yi)無用。“九(jiu)(jiu)二，見(jian)(jian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)田(tian)”；仲春(chun)的(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)從(cong)東(dong)方(fang)地(di)平線(xian)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了起(qi)來，嶄露頭角(jiao)，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)德(de)(de)顯揚。“九(jiu)(jiu)三(san)，君子終日(ri)乾(qian)(qian)乾(qian)(qian)，夕(xi)惕若厲，無咎”；季春(chun)上(shang)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)，下不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)田(tian)，故(gu)‘乾(qian)(qian)乾(qian)(qian)’。“九(jiu)(jiu)四，或躍(yue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)淵”；孟夏(xia)為春(chun)夏(xia)之(zhi)交，蒼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)七宿的(de)(de)全體(ti)都擺脫(tuo)了大(da)地(di)的(de)(de)羈絆，升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)夜空。“九(jiu)(jiu)五，飛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)”；仲夏(xia)的(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)飛躍(yue)于(yu)正南中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)，故(gu)稱“飛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”。九(jiu)(jiu)五，為乾(qian)(qian)卦(gua)諸爻(yao)(yao)(yao)當中(zhong)至吉(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)，喻事物(wu)(wu)處于(yu)最鼎盛時期。“上(shang)九(jiu)(jiu)，亢龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)有悔”；季夏(xia)為夏(xia)秋之(zhi)交，蒼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)七宿開始從(cong)最高點(dian)掉頭向(xiang)西下降，故(gu)稱“亢龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”。“用九(jiu)(jiu)，群(qun)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)無首(shou)”；季秋蒼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)群(qun)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)前面(mian)的(de)(de)幾(ji)個(ge)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)宿在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)正西偏(pian)北隱(yin)退潛(qian)入(ru)于(yu)地(di)面(mian)。見(jian)(jian)群(qun)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)無首(shou)，天(tian)(tian)德(de)(de)不(bu)可為首(shou)也，是(shi)吉(ji)(ji)利的(de)(de)兆(zhao)頭。蒼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)象運(yun)行情(qing)況的(de)(de)事象規律，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)《易經(jing)》中(zhong)表現得淋(lin)漓(li)盡致。仲春(chun)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)出現于(yu)地(di)表上(shang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)卦(gua)象中(zhong)屬吉(ji)(ji)兆(zhao)，乃生發(fa)之(zhi)象。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)農耕(geng)文(wen)化(hua)中(zhong)標示著陽氣自(zi)地(di)底而出，陽氣生發(fa)，雨(yu)水增多，萬物(wu)(wu)生機盎(ang)然。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人們的(de)(de)信(xin)仰中(zhong)，“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”是(shi)吉(ji)(ji)祥之(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，司掌行云布雨(yu)，是(shi)和風(feng)化(hua)雨(yu)的(de)(de)主宰(zai)。自(zi)古以(yi)來人們亦將仲春(chun)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)出現于(yu)地(di)表上(shang)的(de)(de)日(ri)子作(zuo)為一(yi)個(ge)祈求風(feng)調雨(yu)順(shun)、驅邪(xie)攘災、納(na)祥轉運(yun)的(de)(de)吉(ji)(ji)日(ri)。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)神驅邪(xie)，百毒不(bu)侵；龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)神賜(si)福，人畜平安；龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)神發(fa)力(li)，生機勃勃；龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)神行云，風(feng)調雨(yu)順(shun)。

自然物候

在(zai)(zai)中國(guo)傳統文(wen)化中，方位(wei)是(shi)和星辰歷的干支(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間以及八卦(gua)(gua)(gua)聯系(xi)在(zai)(zai)一起(qi)的。當斗(dou)柄(bing)指向正(zheng)東方，卦(gua)(gua)(gua)在(zai)(zai)震位(wei)，是(shi)為仲春(chun)之月(yue)，萬物之所出(chu)(chu)達也(ye)，萬物出(chu)(chu)則天(tian)地(di)變化可現矣(yi)。故《易·說卦(gua)(gua)(gua)傳》曰(yue):“帝出(chu)(chu)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)震，齊乎(hu)(hu)(hu)巽，相(xiang)見乎(hu)(hu)(hu)離，致役乎(hu)(hu)(hu)坤(kun)，說言乎(hu)(hu)(hu)兌，戰乎(hu)(hu)(hu)乾，勞乎(hu)(hu)(hu)坎(kan)，成言乎(hu)(hu)(hu)艮。”按《易經》理論(lun)，斗(dou)指正(zheng)東，卦(gua)(gua)(gua)象(xiang)(xiang)為震，天(tian)干甲乙，地(di)支(zhi)曰(yue)卯，五(wu)(wu)行(xing)屬木，時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)仲春(chun)。當其時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)，萬物出(chu)(chu)達，生機勃勃。斗(dou)指正(zheng)南，卦(gua)(gua)(gua)象(xiang)(xiang)為離，天(tian)干丙丁，地(di)支(zhi)曰(yue)午，五(wu)(wu)行(xing)屬火，時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)仲夏之月(yue)。當其時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)，萬物生長，其勢盛(sheng)極。斗(dou)指正(zheng)西，卦(gua)(gua)(gua)象(xiang)(xiang)為兌，天(tian)干庚辛，地(di)支(zhi)曰(yue)酉，五(wu)(wu)行(xing)屬金(jin)，時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)仲秋之月(yue)。當其時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)，萬物豐收，天(tian)氣肅殺。斗(dou)指正(zheng)北(bei)，卦(gua)(gua)(gua)象(xiang)(xiang)為坎(kan)，天(tian)干壬癸，地(di)支(zhi)曰(yue)子，五(wu)(wu)行(xing)屬水，時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)仲冬之月(yue)。當其時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)，萬物閉藏，不(bu)相(xiang)見也(ye)。

從節氣上(shang)說，農歷(li)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初二(er)，正處(chu)在“雨(yu)水”、“驚(jing)(jing)(jing)蟄”和“春(chun)分”之間(jian)，我(wo)國(guo)南方很多(duo)地(di)(di)方已開始(shi)(shi)(shi)進入雨(yu)季。驚(jing)(jing)(jing)蟄在立(li)春(chun)、雨(yu)水之后，是(shi)春(chun)季的(de)第三個(ge)節氣，也(ye)是(shi)干支歷(li)卯(mao)(mao)(mao)月(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)起始(shi)(shi)(shi)。卯(mao)(mao)(mao)，冒也(ye)，萬(wan)物(wu)冒地(di)(di)而出(chu)，為生發(fa)(fa)(fa)之大(da)(da)(da)象，代(dai)表著(zhu)生機(ji)茂(mao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)，如《律(lv)書(shu)》曰(yue)：”卯(mao)(mao)(mao)之為言(yan)(yan)茂(mao)也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)萬(wan)物(wu)茂(mao)也(ye)“。由此可知，卯(mao)(mao)(mao)是(shi)指(zhi)萬(wan)物(wu)從地(di)(di)下(xia)冒出(chu)的(de)意(yi)思，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)草木(mu)都(dou)從地(di)(di)下(xia)面(mian)冒出(chu)為卯(mao)(mao)(mao)，卯(mao)(mao)(mao)也(ye)就(jiu)代(dai)表著(zhu)生命力，代(dai)表著(zhu)生機(ji)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)是(shi)能(neng)量迸發(fa)(fa)(fa)，生機(ji)開始(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)月(yue)(yue)(yue)份，預示一年(nian)的(de)農事活動即將(jiang)開始(shi)(shi)(shi)。仲春(chun)時節龍抬頭(tou)，萬(wan)物(wu)復蘇(su)雨(yu)似油(you)；年(nian)年(nian)角(jiao)宿光(guang)明亮，歲歲如意(yi)大(da)(da)(da)豐收。一年(nian)十二(er)個(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)，一個(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)對應(ying)一卦(gua)(gua)，卯(mao)(mao)(mao)月(yue)(yue)(yue)（包括驚(jing)(jing)(jing)蟄和春(chun)分兩(liang)個(ge)節氣）對應(ying)的(de)是(shi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)天(tian)大(da)(da)(da)壯一卦(gua)(gua)。大(da)(da)(da)壯卦(gua)(gua)的(de)卦(gua)(gua)象就(jiu)是(shi)天(tian)上(shang)開始(shi)(shi)(shi)打雷(lei)(lei)(lei)了(le)，雷(lei)(lei)(lei)在天(tian)上(shang)響，非(fei)常形象。驚(jing)(jing)(jing)蟄就(jiu)是(shi)春(chun)天(tian)的(de)第一聲驚(jing)(jing)(jing)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)，所(suo)(suo)謂“春(chun)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)驚(jing)(jing)(jing)百(bai)蟲”，驚(jing)(jing)(jing)蟄時節，春(chun)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)始(shi)(shi)(shi)響，蟄伏于地(di)(di)下(xia)冬眠的(de)蟄蟲被雷(lei)(lei)(lei)驚(jing)(jing)(jing)醒，紛紛破土而出(chu)。大(da)(da)(da)壯卦(gua)(gua)是(shi)卯(mao)(mao)(mao)月(yue)(yue)(yue)（二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)）的(de)消(xiao)息卦(gua)(gua)。“卯(mao)(mao)(mao)”有茂(mao)盛的(de)意(yi)思，卯(mao)(mao)(mao)的(de)五(wu)行屬(shu)木(mu)，木(mu)主生發(fa)(fa)(fa)、生長，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)大(da)(da)(da)壯卦(gua)(gua)對應(ying)的(de)驚(jing)(jing)(jing)蟄節氣，意(yi)味著(zhu)萬(wan)物(wu)開始(shi)(shi)(shi)欣(xin)欣(xin)向榮(rong)，生機(ji)盎然，大(da)(da)(da)地(di)(di)上(shang)將(jiang)出(chu)現(xian)春(chun)暖(nuan)花(hua)開的(de)的(de)美好景(jing)象。

現代氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)科學(xue)表明(ming)，“驚蟄”前后，之所以(yi)偶有雷聲(sheng)，是(shi)大(da)地(di)濕度漸(jian)高而促使近(jin)地(di)面熱氣(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)或北(bei)(bei)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)濕熱空氣(qi)(qi)勢力較(jiao)強與活動頻繁所致(zhi)。從我國各(ge)地(di)自(zi)然物候(hou)進(jin)程(cheng)看，由(you)于南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)跨度大(da)，春雷始(shi)鳴的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)遲早不一。就多年(nian)平均而言(yan)，云南(nan)(nan)(nan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部在1月底前后即(ji)可(ke)聞雷，而北(bei)(bei)京的(de)(de)(de)初雷日(ri)卻在4月下旬(xun)。“驚蟄始(shi)雷”的(de)(de)(de)說法僅與沿長江(jiang)流域以(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)規律相吻合。驚蟄后，是(shi)萬(wan)物生長的(de)(de)(de)好時(shi)光(guang)，該種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)農作物都可(ke)以(yi)開(kai)始(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)了。作為全年(nian)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)回升(sheng)最快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)節氣(qi)(qi)，除(chu)東北(bei)(bei)、西北(bei)(bei)地(di)區仍是(shi)銀妝(zhuang)素裹的(de)(de)(de)冬日(ri)景象(xiang)外(wai)，我國大(da)部分地(di)區平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)已(yi)(yi)升(sheng)至0℃以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，華北(bei)(bei)地(di)區日(ri)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為3至6℃，沿江(jiang)江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)地(di)區為8℃以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，而西南(nan)(nan)(nan)和華南(nan)(nan)(nan)已(yi)(yi)達(da)10至15℃以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，早已(yi)(yi)是(shi)一派融融春光(guang)了，日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數也有了明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)。

天文介紹

我國古(gu)代天文學家根據日(ri)月(yue)(yue)五(wu)星(xing)的運行軌跡把天空劃分(fen)為28天宿(su)(su)，即“黃道帶”，以(yi)此來表示日(ri)月(yue)(yue)五(wu)星(xing)的運行和位置。28天宿(su)(su)可分(fen)為4個(ge)大區(qu)（4象或(huo)4神(shen)），東(dong)方(fang)蒼(cang)龍(long)（包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)角、亢、氐、房、心、尾、箕(ji)七(qi)(qi)宿(su)(su)）；西(xi)方(fang)白虎（包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)奎、婁(lou)、胃、昴(mao)、畢、觜、參七(qi)(qi)宿(su)(su)）；南方(fang)朱(zhu)雀（包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)井、鬼、柳、星(xing)、張、翼(yi)、軫七(qi)(qi)宿(su)(su)）；北方(fang)玄武（包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)斗、牛(niu)、女、虛、危(wei)、室、壁七(qi)(qi)宿(su)(su)）。其中‘角宿(su)(su)’就是(shi)龍(long)角。在仲(zhong)春卯月(yue)(yue)之初東(dong)方(fang)地(di)平(ping)線上(shang)升起(qi)了龍(long)角星(xing)，所以(yi)稱(cheng)為龍(long)抬頭。即是(shi)指東(dong)方(fang)蒼(cang)龍(long)七(qi)(qi)宿(su)(su)星(xing)象的空間(jian)變(bian)化。

龍(long)(long)抬頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)由來與古(gu)(gu)代(dai)天(tian)象(xiang)(xiang)有(you)關(guan)。中國古(gu)(gu)代(dai)天(tian)文學將周(zhou)天(tian)黃(huang)道確定為(wei)28個(ge)星座，稱為(wei)“二(er)(er)十(shi)八宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)”。古(gu)(gu)人(ren)又將這28個(ge)星宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)按照(zhao)東南西北分(fen)在四(si)宮(gong)(gong)，每(mei)宮(gong)(gong)7宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，并按照(zhao)它(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)形象(xiang)(xiang)將四(si)宮(gong)(gong)形容(rong)為(wei)“青龍(long)(long)，白(bai)虎，朱雀，玄(xuan)武“4種神獸。龍(long)(long)抬頭(tou)(tou)所提到(dao)的(de)(de)“龍(long)(long)”，指的(de)(de)就是是天(tian)象(xiang)(xiang)周(zhou)天(tian)二(er)(er)十(shi)八宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)東方青龍(long)(long)七宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)。蒼龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)部“角宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)”上有(you)兩顆星：角宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)一(yi)和角宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)二(er)(er)，代(dai)表蒼龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)上的(de)(de)兩只犄角。“角宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)”之后的(de)(de)四(si)顆星是“亢宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)”，亢是龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)咽喉(hou)，在咽喉(hou)下面(mian)有(you)四(si)顆星排列成一(yi)個(ge)簸箕(ji)的(de)(de)形狀是“氐(di)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)”，代(dai)表著龍(long)(long)爪。龍(long)(long)爪后面(mian)的(de)(de)房宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)、心(xin)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)、尾宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)和箕(ji)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)分(fen)別代(dai)表了龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)心(xin)臟和尾巴(ba)。

每年(nian)的仲春晚(wan)上(shang)，蒼龍星宿(su)開(kai)始(shi)從東方露(lu)頭(tou)(tou)，角宿(su)，代表龍角，開(kai)始(shi)從東方地(di)(di)(di)平(ping)線(xian)上(shang)顯現(xian)，約一(yi)個(ge)鐘頭(tou)(tou)后(hou)(hou)，亢宿(su)，即龍的咽喉，升至地(di)(di)(di)平(ping)線(xian)以上(shang)，接近(jin)子夜時(shi)(shi)分，氐宿(su)，即龍爪也出現(xian)了。這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)“龍抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)”的過(guo)程。之后(hou)(hou)，每天的“龍抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)”日期，均(jun)約提(ti)前一(yi)點，經過(guo)一(yi)個(ge)多月時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，整個(ge)“龍頭(tou)(tou)”就(jiu)“抬(tai)”起(qi)來了。當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)公(gong)轉的位(wei)置(zhi)使蒼龍七宿(su)與太陽處在同一(yi)方向(xiang)時(shi)(shi)，太陽的光芒就(jiu)會(hui)淹(yan)沒星光，人(ren)們就(jiu)會(hui)看不到天上(shang)的那條巨龍；而(er)過(guo)一(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)后(hou)(hou)，地(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)的位(wei)置(zhi)轉移了，這(zhe)(zhe)蒼龍七宿(su)又會(hui)重新出現(xian)，周而(er)復(fu)始(shi)，古(gu)人(ren)找到了這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)規律，并以它來判(pan)斷時(shi)(shi)令。由于“歲差”的原(yuan)因，現(xian)"龍抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)"實(shi)際時(shi)(shi)間(jian)或(huo)推遲。

“二(er)月二(er)、龍抬頭(tou)”，象(xiang)(xiang)征著(zhu)生機、萬(wan)物復蘇。中國與古(gu)代西方天文學(xue)不同，中國把恒星(xing)劃分(fen)成為“三(san)垣(yuan)(yuan)”和“四(si)象(xiang)(xiang)”七大(da)星(xing)區(qu)。所(suo)謂“垣(yuan)(yuan)”就是(shi)“城墻”的(de)(de)意思。“三(san)垣(yuan)(yuan)”是(shi)“紫(zi)微垣(yuan)(yuan)”，象(xiang)(xiang)征皇宮(gong)；“太微垣(yuan)(yuan)”象(xiang)(xiang)征行政機構；“天市垣(yuan)(yuan)”象(xiang)(xiang)征繁(fan)華街(jie)市。這三(san)垣(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)繞(rao)(rao)著(zhu)北極(ji)星(xing)呈(cheng)三(san)角狀排列。在“三(san)垣(yuan)(yuan)”外圍(wei)分(fen)布(bu)著(zhu)“四(si)象(xiang)(xiang)”：東蒼(cang)龍、西白(bai)虎(hu)、南(nan)朱雀、北玄武(wu)，也就是(shi)說，東方的(de)(de)星(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)如(ru)一條龍，西方的(de)(de)星(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)如(ru)一只虎(hu)，南(nan)方的(de)(de)星(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)如(ru)一只大(da)鳥(niao)，北方的(de)(de)星(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)如(ru)龜和蛇。由于(yu)地球圍(wei)繞(rao)(rao)太陽公轉，天空的(de)(de)星(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)也隨著(zhu)季(ji)節轉換(huan)。每到冬春之(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)傍晚，蒼(cang)龍顯現；春夏之(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)，玄武(wu)升(sheng)起；夏秋之(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)，白(bai)虎(hu)露(lu)頭(tou)；秋冬之(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)，朱雀上(shang)升(sheng)。

文字記述

《春(chun)秋命歷序》曰：“天(tian)地開辟，萬物渾(hun)渾(hun)，無知無識；陰陽所(suo)憑(ping)，天(tian)體始(shi)于北極之(zhi)野…日月(yue)五(wu)(wu)緯(wei)俱起牽牛；四(si)萬五(wu)(wu)千年，日月(yue)五(wu)(wu)緯(wei)一輪轉；天(tian)皇(huang)出焉…定(ding)天(tian)之(zhi)象(xiang)，法(fa)地之(zhi)儀(yi)，作干支以定(ding)日月(yue)度。”早在遠(yuan)古時期(qi)古人就已經能“觀象(xiang)授時”，定(ding)天(tian)之(zhi)象(xiang)、法(fa)地之(zhi)儀(yi)，并確定(ding)了星宿天(tian)象(xiang)、干支及(ji)二(er)十四(si)節氣(qi)。

詞典《爾雅(ya)》中有(you)云：數起(qi)角亢，列宿之(zhi)長(chang)。故角之(zhi)見于東(dong)方也，物換春回，鳥獸生角，草(cao)木甲坼。它的意思(si)是在萬物復蘇(su)的春天，東(dong)方蒼(cang)龍的角宿每(mei)到傍晚將(jiang)從東(dong)方升(sheng)起(qi)。

龍(long)是(shi)海中(zhong)神物，主要是(shi)主宰雨水(shui)，如《山海經》中(zhong)所說(shuo)的應龍(long)，民間的“龍(long)抬頭(tou)”節，其(qi)源(yuan)頭(tou)應追溯至遠古。神話著作《山海經》中(zhong)說(shuo)，應龍(long)居處在南方，“故南方多雨”，而燭龍(long)“不食(shi)不寢不息，風(feng)(feng)雨是(shi)謁(ye)”，也就(jiu)是(shi)經常招來(lai)風(feng)(feng)雨。由(you)于想象中(zhong)的龍(long)能(neng)騰云駕(jia)霧，于是(shi)相信龍(long)能(neng)給人帶來(lai)祥(xiang)瑞(rui)。傳(chuan)說(shuo)龍(long)能(neng)行云布雨、消災降福，象征祥(xiang)瑞(rui)。

《說(shuo)文解字(zi)》中解釋“龍(long)(long)”字(zi)：“龍(long)(long)，鱗蟲之長(chang)。能幽能明(ming)，能細能巨，能短能長(chang)。春(chun)分(fen)而登天，秋(qiu)分(fen)而潛淵。”?

《帝京景(jing)物略·卷二春(chun)場》：“二月二，曰龍(long)抬頭，煎元旦祭余餅，熏床(chuang)炕，謂之熏蟲(chong)兒，謂引(yin)龍(long)，沖、蟲(chong)不出(chu)也。”

《燕(yan)京(jing)歲(sui)時記》：“二月二日，古(gu)之(zhi)中和節也。今人(ren)呼為龍抬頭。是日食(shi)餅(bing)者謂之(zhi)龍鱗(lin)餅(bing)，食(shi)面者謂之(zhi)龍須面。閨中停(ting)止針線，恐(kong)傷(shang)龍目。”

《大同(tong)府志》：“二(er)月(yue)二(er)日，各村疃社(she)醵錢獻(xian)生，謂之‘扶龍(long)頭’。提壺汲井水(shui)注之，曰‘引龍(long)頭’。”

唐(tang)代(dai)著名詩人白居易有(you)詩云：“二月二日新雨晴，草(cao)芽菜(cai)甲一時生(sheng)；輕衫細(xi)馬春(chun)年少，十字津頭(tou)一字行。”

節日習俗

綜述

中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)民間(jian)認為龍(long)(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)吉(ji)祥(xiang)之(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，和(he)風化雨(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主宰(zai)。“龍(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)(tai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)”，意味著陽氣(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)(fa)、萬物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)機盎然。故(gu)自(zi)古(gu)以(yi)來，人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)在龍(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)(tai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)時節(jie)，會舉(ju)行敬(jing)龍(long)(long)(long)祈雨(yu)(yu)、放生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，以(yi)求一年吉(ji)祥(xiang)豐收，并將龍(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)(tai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)時節(jie)作為一個納祥(xiang)轉(zhuan)運的(de)(de)(de)(de)日子。在我國(guo)流(liu)傳(chuan)著“二月(yue)(yue)二，拜(bai)村社(she)；龍(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)(tai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，祈豐收；八(ba)月(yue)(yue)二，祭(ji)村堂(tang)；龍(long)(long)(long)收尾，送龍(long)(long)(long)歸(gui)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)說法(fa)。從節(jie)氣(qi)上說，農歷二月(yue)(yue)初，正處(chu)在“雨(yu)(yu)水”、“驚蟄”和(he)“春(chun)分”之(zhi)間(jian)，我國(guo)南方很多地(di)方已開始進入雨(yu)(yu)季。俗(su)話(hua)說“龍(long)(long)(long)不(bu)抬(tai)(tai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)天(tian)(tian)不(bu)雨(yu)(yu)”。在古(gu)代神格譜系(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)，龍(long)(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)海(hai)中(zhong)(zhong)神物(wu)(wu)，掌管(guan)著降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)，降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多少直接關系(xi)到(dao)一年的(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)稼的(de)(de)(de)(de)豐歉，因(yin)此，為了(le)求得龍(long)(long)(long)神行云布(bu)雨(yu)(yu)，龍(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)(tai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)時節(jie)要(yao)在龍(long)(long)(long)神廟(miao)前擺供，舉(ju)行隆重的(de)(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)拜(bai)儀式，同時唱大戲以(yi)娛神；敬(jing)龍(long)(long)(long)祈雨(yu)(yu)，放生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，以(yi)求一年吉(ji)祥(xiang)豐收；也有(you)一些地(di)方在龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)節(jie)有(you)“起龍(long)(long)(long)船”的(de)(de)(de)(de)活動。二月(yue)(yue)初二既是(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)節(jie)也是(shi)(shi)“土地(di)誕”，在南方沿海(hai)地(di)區(qu)，二月(yue)(yue)初二主要(yao)舉(ju)行社(she)祭(ji)，祭(ji)祀(si)土地(di)神。我國(guo)民間(jian)有(you)剃龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)、祭(ji)祀(si)、敬(jing)文昌神、吃面(mian)條(tiao)、炸油糕、爆玉米(mi)花(hua)、吃豬頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)等習(xi)俗(su)。“剃龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)”習(xi)俗(su)，或源于古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)對龍(long)(long)(long)圖騰的(de)(de)(de)(de)崇拜(bai)，如古(gu)籍中(zhong)(zhong)所記(ji)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)斷發(fa)(fa)紋(wen)身以(yi)像龍(long)(long)(long)子習(xi)俗(su)。“二月(yue)(yue)二”這天(tian)(tian)，許多人(ren)(ren)(ren)都要(yao)理發(fa)(fa)，龍(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)(tai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日子理發(fa)(fa)叫作“剃龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)”，這預示一年有(you)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)開始。龍(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)(tai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)時節(jie)敬(jing)龍(long)(long)(long)習(xi)俗(su)，體現了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)“天(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)合(he)一”的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然觀。在天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)漸(jian)漸(jian)轉(zhuan)暖、雨(yu)(yu)水開始增多的(de)(de)(de)(de)時節(jie)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)希望(wang)通(tong)過敬(jing)龍(long)(long)(long)祈福(fu)順應這一過程，從而做到(dao)與自(zi)然和(he)諧(xie)相處(chu)。

古時我國北方一(yi)(yi)些地區二月(yue)二有圍糧囤(dun)、引田龍(long)(long)、敲房梁、理發、煎(jian)燜子(zi)、吃(chi)(chi)(chi)豬頭(tou)(tou)(tou)肉(rou)、吃(chi)(chi)(chi)面條、吃(chi)(chi)(chi)水餃、吃(chi)(chi)(chi)糖豆(dou)、吃(chi)(chi)(chi)煎(jian)餅、忌(ji)動(dong)針(zhen)線的(de)習俗。為了納吉(ji)，二月(yue)初(chu)二這天(tian)我國北方人(ren)的(de)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)食(shi)物(wu)均取與“龍(long)(long)”相(xiang)關的(de)名字，面條不叫“面條”，稱作“龍(long)(long)須面”；水餃稱作“龍(long)(long)耳”、“龍(long)(long)角”；米飯(fan)稱作“龍(long)(long)子(zi)”；煎(jian)餅烙成龍(long)(long)鱗狀，稱作“龍(long)(long)鱗餅”；面條、餛飩一(yi)(yi)塊煮(zhu)叫做“龍(long)(long)拿(na)珠(zhu)”；吃(chi)(chi)(chi)豬頭(tou)(tou)(tou)稱作“食(shi)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)”；吃(chi)(chi)(chi)蔥餅叫做“撕龍(long)(long)皮”。一(yi)(yi)切均取與龍(long)(long)有關的(de)象征與寓意。

民間有許多(duo)(duo)禁(jin)忌(ji)避諱“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)頭(tou)”，諸如此(ci)日家中(zhong)忌(ji)動針線(xian)，怕傷到龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)眼，招災惹禍；忌(ji)擔水，認(ren)為(wei)這天晚上龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)要(yao)出來(lai)活(huo)動，禁(jin)止到河邊或(huo)井(jing)邊擔水，以免驚擾龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的行(xing)動，招致(zhi)旱災之年；忌(ji)諱蓋房打夯(hang)，以防傷“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)”；再者，忌(ji)諱磨(mo)(mo)面，認(ren)為(wei)磨(mo)(mo)面會榨到龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)，不(bu)吉(ji)利。俗(su)話(hua)說“磨(mo)(mo)為(wei)虎，碾(nian)為(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”，有石磨(mo)(mo)的人(ren)家，這天要(yao)將磨(mo)(mo)支起上扇，方便“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)頭(tou)升天”。除(chu)如上習俗(su)外，民間往往還舉行(xing)多(duo)(duo)種活(huo)動納(na)吉(ji)，諸如舞龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、戴龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)尾、開筆等。

民諺(yan)云：“二(er)月(yue)二(er)龍(long)抬(tai)頭，八月(yue)二(er)龍(long)收尾(wei)。”二(er)月(yue)二(er)龍(long)抬(tai)頭作為古代民俗的(de)一種節日(ri)，如今已經基本上從中(zhong)國人(ren)的(de)現(xian)代生(sheng)活中(zhong)淡(dan)化出去了。不過，對(dui)于“二(er)月(yue)二(er)龍(long)抬(tai)頭”的(de)一些文化內涵，例如古人(ren)對(dui)龍(long)的(de)崇拜(bai)、“龍(long)抬(tai)頭”在(zai)古天(tian)文學上的(de)唯(wei)物解釋(shi)等(deng)等(deng)，是仍然具(ju)有研究價值。

祭社神

二月二既(ji)是(shi)龍(long)抬頭節也是(shi)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)的(de)誕(dan)辰，“土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)誕(dan)”也稱(cheng)“社(she)(she)(she)日(ri)(ri)節”。社(she)(she)(she)日(ri)(ri)分為(wei)春社(she)(she)(she)日(ri)(ri)和秋社(she)(she)(she)日(ri)(ri)，古時春社(she)(she)(she)是(shi)立(li)春后(hou)(hou)第五個戊(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)，秋社(she)(she)(she)是(shi)立(li)秋后(hou)(hou)第五個戊(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)（戊(wu)(wu)，五行屬(shu)土(tu)）。古人(ren)認為(wei)土(tu)生萬(wan)物，土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)神是(shi)廣為(wei)敬奉的(de)神靈之一。人(ren)們認為(wei)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)管(guan)理(li)著五谷(gu)的(de)生長和地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方的(de)平(ping)安，很(hen)多地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方的(de)百(bai)姓都在(zai)社(she)(she)(she)日(ri)(ri)奉祀(si)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)神。土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)又稱(cheng)福德正神，在(zai)中國南方地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區，為(wei)給土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)公(gong)“暖壽(shou)”，有的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方有舉辦(ban)“土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)會”的(de)習俗(su)：家家湊錢為(wei)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)神祝賀(he)生日(ri)(ri)，到土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)廟燒香祭祀(si)，敲鑼鼓，放鞭炮。

古代把土(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)和祭祀(si)土(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方都(dou)叫"社"，按照民(min)間的(de)(de)習俗，每到播種或(huo)收獲的(de)(de)季節(jie)，農民(min)們(men)都(dou)要立(li)社祭祀(si)，祈求或(huo)酬報土(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)。土(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)的(de)(de)日常生活中處于重(zhong)要地(di)(di)位，不但家(jia)(jia)族大，而(er)且(qie)分布廣(guang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)居家(jia)(jia)中有(you)居家(jia)(jia)土(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)，村屯有(you)村屯的(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)，城(cheng)市有(you)城(cheng)市的(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)，有(you)的(de)(de)將土(tu)地(di)(di)供奉在(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)中，有(you)的(de)(de)供奉在(zai)(zai)(zai)門口(kou)，有(you)的(de)(de)則供在(zai)(zai)(zai)村落的(de)(de)社廟中。總(zong)之土(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)職責就是(shi)保佑(you)著一方土(tu)地(di)(di)之內的(de)(de)人(ren)物康泰，人(ren)口(kou)清潔(jie)，出入(ru)平(ping)安了(le)。

吃龍食

二月二這(zhe)天在飲(yin)食上也有一定(ding)的講(jiang)究，北方(fang)百姓在這(zhe)天飲(yin)食多(duo)以龍(long)(long)(long)(long)為名。吃(chi)(chi)春(chun)餅(bing)名曰(yue)“吃(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)鱗”，吃(chi)(chi)面(mian)條名曰(yue)“吃(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)須”，吃(chi)(chi)餛飩(tun)為“吃(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼”，吃(chi)(chi)餃子(zi)則叫“吃(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)耳”，面(mian)條、餛飩(tun)一塊煮(zhu)叫做“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)拿珠”，吃(chi)(chi)蔥(cong)餅(bing)叫做“撕龍(long)(long)(long)(long)皮(pi)”。有些地方(fang)還有吃(chi)(chi)“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼”、“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)須”、“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舌”、“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)耳”、“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)皮(pi)”、“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)子(zi)”、“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋”以及(ji)吃(chi)(chi)春(chun)餅(bing)、吃(chi)(chi)豬(zhu)頭肉的習(xi)俗。一切(qie)均取與龍(long)(long)(long)(long)有關的象征與寓意。這(zhe)些都寄(ji)托了人們(men)祈龍(long)(long)(long)(long)賜福的強烈愿(yuan)望。

北方(fang)地(di)(di)區過(guo)二(er)月(yue)二(er)，農(nong)家就開(kai)始(shi)準備炒(chao)糖(tang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)的原(yuan)料。二(er)月(yue)二(er)早上(shang)，家家戶戶都(dou)用(yong)糖(tang)炒(chao)花生和(he)黃豆(dou)(dou)(dou)，有(you)的地(di)(di)方(fang)叫糖(tang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)，有(you)的地(di)(di)方(fang)叫蝎豆(dou)(dou)(dou)，還有(you)的爆玉米花。過(guo)去都(dou)是(shi)自家制(zhi)作自家食(shi)用(yong)，現(xian)在(zai)不同了(le)，一般沒有(you)自家制(zhi)作的了(le)。城里的超市里，農(nong)村的集市上(shang)，二(er)月(yue)二(er)前(qian)后擺(bai)滿了(le)各(ge)式各(ge)樣的糖(tang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)，大(da)概(gai)有(you)十幾(ji)種甚至(zhi)更多。隨吃隨買，香甜可(ke)口。二(er)月(yue)二(er)這天，農(nong)家的餐(can)桌上(shang)要擺(bai)多種糖(tang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)，以示(shi)慶賀(he)這個(ge)節日。

采龍氣

早上卯(mao)(mao)時（5點到7點之(zhi)間），卯(mao)(mao)月的(de)第一(yi)個卯(mao)(mao)日卯(mao)(mao)時，出門面向東方深吸氣(qi)，此為一(yi)吉。

剃龍頭

指二月初二理(li)發(fa)(fa)，兒童(tong)理(li)發(fa)(fa)，叫(jiao)剃(ti)“喜頭”，借龍(long)抬頭之吉時(shi)，保佑孩(hai)童(tong)健(jian)康成長(chang)，長(chang)大后(hou)出人頭地；大人理(li)發(fa)(fa)，辭舊迎新，希望帶來好運，新的一年順(shun)順(shun)利(li)利(li)。

起龍船

古時(shi)，龍(long)抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)節是祭祀(si)龍(long)神(shen)的(de)日子(zi)，每年(nian)(nian)的(de)這一天(tian)，人們都要到龍(long)神(shen)廟(miao)或水(shui)畔焚香上供祭祀(si)龍(long)神(shen)，祈(qi)求龍(long)神(shen)興云化雨，保佑一年(nian)(nian)五(wu)谷(gu)豐(feng)登。龍(long)抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)時(shi)節我(wo)國(guo)部分地區會有“起龍(long)船(chuan)”的(de)活動，請龍(long)出水(shui)，以及(ji)祈(qi)求事事順利的(de)心愿。

使耕牛

“龍抬(tai)頭”也(ye)是農(nong)村的(de)農(nong)事節(jie)。農(nong)諺曰：“二月二龍抬(tai)頭，大家小戶(hu)使(shi)耕牛”。農(nong)時春雨(yu)貴如(ru)油。倘春雨(yu)充沛，預示著一年(nian)的(de)大豐(feng)收。

開筆寫字

相(xiang)傳(chuan)農歷(li)二月初三(san)為文昌（主宰功名之神(shen)）誕辰日，舊(jiu)時這(zhe)天讓孩(hai)子(zi)開筆寫字，取龍抬頭之吉兆，為孩(hai)子(zi)正衣冠、點朱砂啟(qi)蒙明(ming)智(zhi)，寓意(yi)孩(hai)子(zi)眼明(ming)心(xin)明(ming)，祝愿孩(hai)子(zi)長大(da)斷文識字。開筆禮是人生(sheng)的(de)第一次(ci)大(da)禮，是中(zhong)國傳(chuan)統中(zhong)對少兒開始識字習禮的(de)啟(qi)蒙教(jiao)育形式。

引田龍

每當春龍(long)(long)(long)(long)節到(dao)來(lai)，我國(guo)部(bu)分地(di)區在這(zhe)天早晨家家戶(hu)戶(hu)打著燈籠到(dao)井邊或河邊挑水，回到(dao)家里便點(dian)燈、燒香、上供(gong)。舊時(shi)，人(ren)(ren)們把(ba)這(zhe)種儀式叫做“引(yin)(yin)田龍(long)(long)(long)(long)”。引(yin)(yin)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)伏(fu)蟲(chong)的活動有(you)很多，最有(you)特點(dian)是撒灰(hui)(hui)(hui)。撒灰(hui)(hui)(hui)十分講究，灰(hui)(hui)(hui)多選用(yong)(yong)草木(mu)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)，人(ren)(ren)們自家門(men)口(kou)以草木(mu)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)撒一(yi)(yi)條龍(long)(long)(long)(long)到(dao)河邊，再用(yong)(yong)谷糠撒一(yi)(yi)條龍(long)(long)(long)(long)引(yin)(yin)到(dao)家，意為送(song)走(zou)懶（青）龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、引(yin)(yin)來(lai)錢(qian)（黃）龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，保佑人(ren)(ren)財兩旺(wang)；從(cong)臨街大門(men)外一(yi)(yi)直撒到(dao)廚房(fang)灶間，并(bing)繞水缸一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)，叫做“引(yin)(yin)錢(qian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)”；將草木(mu)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)撒于(yu)門(men)口(kou)，攔門(men)辟(pi)災(zai)；將草木(mu)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)撒于(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)腳(jiao)，呈龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蛇狀，以招福祥、避蟲(chong)害。陜西富縣一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)還流行撒灰(hui)(hui)(hui)圍莊墻(qiang)(qiang)外的做法(fa)(fa)，也(ye)是伏(fu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)驅(qu)蟲(chong)的表現。后(hou)來(lai)，也(ye)出現用(yong)(yong)石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)替代草木(mu)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)伏(fu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)降蟲(chong)的做法(fa)(fa)。

①山東地區(qu)用灶煙在地面畫一條龍(long)。一是請龍(long)回來(lai)興云布雨，祈求豐收(shou)；二(er)是龍(long)為百蟲之神，龍(long)來(lai)了(le)，蟲都躲起來(lai)，對人體健康、農作(zuo)物生長都有益。

②晉(jin)西(xi)北地區(qu)引(yin)錢龍，選擇一(yi)棵(ke)大樹或(huo)一(yi)塊大石，用灰線圍灑(sa)一(yi)圈(quan)，再用紅線拴(shuan)一(yi)枚銅錢置圈(quan)內，牽線回(hui)家，用容器蓋住即(ji)成(cheng)。

③還有地(di)區在這天清早，人(ren)們從井(jing)里挑(tiao)水回(hui)家(jia)，倒(dao)入(ru)水缸。誰最先挑(tiao)回(hui)家(jia)就(jiu)最先引到錢(qian)龍，這年財(cai)運就(jiu)會非常(chang)好，所以經常(chang)出(chu)現凌晨爭先恐后挑(tiao)水的情(qing)形。

放龍燈

黃河三(san)角洲及一(yi)些沿河地區還有”放(fang)龍燈“的習俗(su)。不少人家(jia)用(yong)(yong)蘆葦或(huo)秫秸扎成小船，插上蠟(la)燭或(huo)放(fang)上用(yong)(yong)蘿卜挖成的小油碗(wan)，待(dai)到(dao)傍晚時(shi)分，放(fang)到(dao)河里或(huo)灣里點燃，為龍照(zhao)路。借此娛樂同時(shi)又傳遞一(yi)種美好(hao)的祝愿。

敲龍頭

東北部分地區在二(er)月二(er)早晨(chen)，以長竿擊(ji)打房(fang)梁(liang)，謂之”敲龍(long)頭“。把龍(long)喚醒，佑一方(fang)平安。大(da)人小孩(hai)還念著：”二(er)月二(er)，龍(long)抬頭，大(da)倉(cang)滿(man)，小倉(cang)流。“有的(de)地方(fang)在院子里用灶灰撒(sa)一個個大(da)圓圈，將五(wu)谷(gu)雜糧放于中(zhong)間，稱(cheng)作”打囤“或(huo)(huo)”填倉(cang)“，預祝當(dang)年五(wu)谷(gu)豐登，倉(cang)囤盈滿(man)。擊(ji)房(fang)梁(liang)就是用木棍或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)竹竿敲擊(ji)房(fang)梁(liang)，以驚走蛇、蝎等毒蟲，毋(wu)使為(wei)害。有的(de)地方(fang)流行敲擊(ji)炕沿，目(mu)的(de)與敲擊(ji)房(fang)梁(liang)相同。

圍糧囤

我(wo)國北方廣泛的(de)(de)(de)流傳著“二月二，龍抬頭；大倉(cang)(cang)滿，小(xiao)倉(cang)(cang)流”的(de)(de)(de)民諺。農歷二月初(chu)二清晨，北方很多(duo)地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)村(cun)民早早起床，家庭(ting)主婦從(cong)自家鍋灶底下(xia)掏一筐燒柴禾余下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)草木灰，拿一把小(xiao)鐵鏟子(zi)鏟些草木灰，人走手搖(yao)，在地(di)上畫出(chu)一個個圓來。圍(wei)倉(cang)(cang)的(de)(de)(de)圓圈(quan)，大套(tao)小(xiao)，少(shao)則三圈(quan)，多(duo)則五(wu)圈(quan)，圍(wei)單(dan)不圍(wei)雙。圍(wei)好倉(cang)(cang)后，把家中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)糧食虔誠地(di)放在倉(cang)(cang)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間(jian)，還有意撒在倉(cang)(cang)的(de)(de)(de)外圍(wei)，象(xiang)征當年的(de)(de)(de)大豐收。

熏蟲

古(gu)代將自然界中的生物分成毛蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、羽(yu)(yu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、介蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、鱗(lin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、人類(lei)五(wu)大類(lei)。毛蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)指披(pi)毛獸類(lei)，羽(yu)(yu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)指鳥(niao)類(lei)，介蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)指帶甲殼類(lei)，鱗(lin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)指有(you)鱗(lin)之魚和帶翅昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)類(lei)。龍(long)是(shi)鱗(lin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)之長，龍(long)出(chu)則百(bai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)伏藏(zang)。二月初二正是(shi)驚蟄前后(hou)，百(bai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)萌動(dong)，疾病易生，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)也是(shi)莊稼的天敵，因此人們引(yin)龍(long)伏蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，希望借(jie)龍(long)威鎮伏百(bai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，保佑(you)人畜平(ping)安，五(wu)谷豐(feng)登。進(jin)入(ru)農歷二月，天氣漸(jian)暖，各(ge)種(zhong)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)開始活動(dong)，有(you)些昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)對人的健(jian)康是(shi)有(you)害(hai)(hai)的，所(suo)以二月二這一天，人們紛(fen)紛(fen)攤烙煎餅、燃燒熏香，希望憑(ping)借(jie)煙(yan)氣驅(qu)走毒蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。

其它

二(er)月初二(er)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)豬(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)肉也有(you)說法(fa)。自古以來，供(gong)奉(feng)祭神總要用豬(zhu)(zhu)牛羊三(san)(san)牲，后來簡化為(wei)三(san)(san)牲之頭(tou)，豬(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)即其中之一。如(ru)今(jin)就有(you)一道(dao)名菜叫做(zuo)“扒(ba)豬(zhu)(zhu)臉”，經(jing)過選料(liao)、清(qing)洗(xi)、噴烤、洗(xi)泡(pao)、醬(jiang)制等(deng)十二(er)道(dao)步驟(zou)，歷經(jing)十多(duo)個(ge)小時的(de)烹飪，才能端上餐桌。“扒(ba)豬(zhu)(zhu)臉”有(you)三(san)(san)種，一是(shi)原汁(zhi)(zhi)原味(wei)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)；二(er)是(shi)蘸醬(jiang)汁(zhi)(zhi)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)；三(san)(san)是(shi)卷煎餅(bing)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)。每一種吃(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)都(dou)有(you)不同的(de)滋味(wei)。

各地活動

山東

撒灰引龍、打灰囤(dun)

我(wo)國山東部分地區農村，這一天有(you)“撒(sa)(sa)灰(hui)引龍”、“打灰(hui)囤(dun)”的(de)習俗。這一天，天還(huan)蒙蒙亮的(de)時候(hou)，家(jia)家(jia)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)就開始(shi)撒(sa)(sa)灰(hui)了，用簸(bo)箕盛著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)草木灰(hui)，沿著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)自(zi)家(jia)房子外(wai)圍(wei)墻根密密的(de)撒(sa)(sa)一圈，因為(wei)這條灰(hui)線又細又長，形(xing)似傳說中的(de)龍，所以這個舉動也被叫(jiao)做“撒(sa)(sa)灰(hui)引龍”，寓意把象征吉(ji)祥的(de)龍請(qing)到家(jia)里(li)。除此(ci)之(zhi)外(wai)，家(jia)家(jia)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)還(huan)會在門(men)前、場院用草木灰(hui)圍(wei)成一個個圓圈，中間放上五谷、硬幣。代表著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)糧食屯、錢(qian)屯，有(you)的(de)囤(dun)外(wai)再畫上梯子，以表明囤(dun)的(de)高大(da)。一邊(bian)用灰(hui)畫圈還(huan)一面嘴里(li)念叨著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)：“二月二、打簸(bo)箕，大(da)囤(dun)滿、小囤(dun)漾”，希望來年家(jia)里(li)糧食豐收，財源滾滾。

實(shi)際(ji)上，撒(sa)灰除了(le)象征意(yi)義(yi)，在實(shi)際(ji)中也是(shi)有(you)用的，在農村(cun)，舊式的農家房(fang)(fang)屋為土木建(jian)筑(zhu)，房(fang)(fang)舍(she)墻體或(huo)由土墼壘砌，寒冬里(li)，墻縫、炕縫自然成了(le)蝎子、蚰(you)蜒(yan)、“草鞋(xie)底(di)”等毒蟲(chong)蟄伏之處。驚蟄以(yi)后，這些(xie)毒蟲(chong)伺機出動，危害人身。二月二當天，村(cun)民便在炕墻下面及(ji)房(fang)(fang)屋墻根底(di)下撒(sa)上點草木灰，也有(you)熏蟲(chong)辟邪的作用。臨沂一些(xie)地(di)方這一天舉辦土地(di)會，農戶(hu)湊錢為土地(di)爺過生日(ri)，到(dao)土地(di)廟燒香祭祀、敲鑼鼓、放鞭炮，以(yi)求土地(di)爺保佑(you)有(you)個好收成。

剃龍頭

二(er)(er)月(yue)初二(er)(er)，民間最大(da)的習俗是“剃龍頭(tou)”，不(bu)管是老人(ren)小孩，剪(jian)發、修容，讓自己煥然一新(xin)，預(yu)示著可(ke)以求(qiu)得一年(nian)的好運。從一大(da)早開始，一些理發店(dian)里(li)就人(ren)來人(ren)往，顧客迎門，理發師們都忙得不(bu)亦樂乎(hu)。許多人(ren)之所(suo)以選(xuan)在這天剪(jian)發，是因為(wei)民間有習俗，正月(yue)剃頭(tou)不(bu)吉利，所(suo)以很多人(ren)普遍(bian)是在年(nian)前(qian)理一次發，然后一直(zhi)等到二(er)(er)月(yue)二(er)(er)才“理發去舊”。

吃豆(dou)子、攤煎餅，舞龍燈

二月二這(zhe)天，山(shan)東(dong)傳(chuan)統民俗(su)，這(zhe)一天要吃炒(chao)(chao)黃豆、炒(chao)(chao)豆萁(ji)，也都有(you)攤煎餅的習俗(su)。祈求(qiu)今年五谷豐登，有(you)個好(hao)收成。不(bu)少地(di)方還有(you)舞龍燈(deng)等(deng)活動，為的就是祈福送(song)福。

北京

吃春餅

二(er)(er)(er)月二(er)(er)(er)日(ri)既然是(shi)“龍(long)抬頭”之時，許多食(shi)品就與龍(long)牽扯在(zai)一(yi)起。北京(jing)(jing)民(min)俗食(shi)品，一(yi)種烙得很(hen)薄的(de)(de)面餅(bing)(bing)(bing)，又稱(cheng)薄餅(bing)(bing)(bing)。北方地區還時興食(shi)用面條(tiao)、水餃等。每(mei)年立(li)春(chun)(chun)日(ri)，北京(jing)(jing)人(ren)都要吃(chi)春(chun)(chun)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)，名(ming)曰“咬春(chun)(chun)”。農歷二(er)(er)(er)月初二(er)(er)(er)，這一(yi)天(tian)北京(jing)(jing)人(ren)也要吃(chi)春(chun)(chun)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)，名(ming)曰“吃(chi)龍(long)鱗”。春(chun)(chun)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)比吃(chi)烤鴨的(de)(de)薄餅(bing)(bing)(bing)要大，并且有韌性(北京(jing)(jing)人(ren)稱(cheng)為要有“骨立(li)勁兒”），因(yin)為要卷很(hen)多菜(cai)吃(chi)。昔日(ri)，吃(chi)春(chun)(chun)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)時講(jiang)究到盒子(zi)鋪去叫“蘇盤”（又稱(cheng)盒子(zi)菜(cai)）。吃(chi)春(chun)(chun)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)時，全(quan)家圍(wei)坐一(yi)起，把(ba)烙好(hao)的(de)(de)春(chun)(chun)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)放在(zai)蒸鍋里，隨(sui)吃(chi)隨(sui)拿，為的(de)(de)是(shi)吃(chi)個熱乎勁兒。若在(zai)二(er)(er)(er)月二(er)(er)(er)這一(yi)天(tian)吃(chi)春(chun)(chun)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)，北京(jing)(jing)人(ren)還講(jiang)究把(ba)出嫁的(de)(de)姑娘接回家吃(chi)春(chun)(chun)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)。

吃“驢打滾”

老北京的習俗，人們喜歡在農歷(li)二(er)月二(er)買“驢(lv)打滾”品嘗。黃豆粉面裹(guo)豆沙餡兒的驢(lv)打滾外形(xing)圓潤(run)，有“財(cai)源(yuan)滾滾”的吉祥含義。

照房梁、驅蟲

在(zai)北京民間有民諺說“二月(yue)二，照(zhao)房(fang)梁(liang)，蝎(xie)(xie)子蜈(wu)(wu)蚣無處藏(zang)”，老百姓(xing)要在(zai)這天驅(qu)除害蟲(chong)(chong)，點著蠟燭，照(zhao)著房(fang)梁(liang)和(he)墻壁(bi)驅(qu)除蝎(xie)(xie)子、蜈(wu)(wu)蚣等(deng)(deng)，這些(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)兒一(yi)見亮(liang)光就(jiu)掉下來(lai)被消(xiao)滅(mie)了。龍(long)抬頭這一(yi)天進行(xing)驅(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)活動的(de)習俗主要流(liu)行(xing)于我國北方地區。二月(yue)二時各種(zhong)昆蟲(chong)(chong)包括毒蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)活動開(kai)始頻繁(fan)，為了避免毒蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)傷害，人們舉行(xing)一(yi)些(xie)含有驅(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)意(yi)味的(de)活動。如(ru)用(yong)棍棒、掃帚或者鞋(xie)子敲打梁(liang)頭、墻壁(bi)、門戶、床(chuang)炕等(deng)(deng)，以避蛇蝎(xie)(xie)、蚰蜒(yan)、老鼠等(deng)(deng)蟲(chong)(chong)物。通常(chang)還(huan)要念吟唱(chang)歌謠，如(ru)“二月(yue)二，龍(long)抬頭，蝎(xie)(xie)子、蜈(wu)(wu)蚣不露(lu)頭。”(天津)。”

晉西北

在晉西北地區(qu)，人們盛行“司錢龍(long)”，早上太陽未出(chu)山，家家戶(hu)戶(hu)提一把茶壺(hu)，到河邊或井上去汲水(shui)。按照這(zhe)一年幾龍(long)治(zhi)水(shui)的(de)推算，在茶壺(hu)內放(fang)幾枚銅錢或硬幣。汲水(shui)以后，隨走隨傾地灑一條水(shui)跡回到家中(zhong)，將(jiang)余下的(de)水(shui)與(yu)錢全部倒(dao)入(ru)水(shui)缸，錢龍(long)就引回家來了(le)，意喻一年發財。“引錢龍(long)”時特別忌說話，以免(mian)驚跑了(le)錢龍(long)。

晉西北一(yi)些地方的引錢龍，選(xuan)擇一(yi)棵(ke)大樹或一(yi)塊(kuai)大石，用灰(hui)線圍灑一(yi)圈。再用紅線拴一(yi)枚(mei)銅(tong)錢，先將銅(tong)錢置(zhi)放在(zai)灰(hui)線圈內，手拉(la)線牽(qian)回(hui)家中(zhong)，用容器蓋住(zhu)即成。

另一習俗是驅(qu)毒活動。俗話說：“驚蟄過(guo)，百蟲(chong)蘇(su)。”《陽城(cheng)縣志》載：“百蟄初驚，懸(xuan)天師符以辟蟲(chong)毒。”

陜西

陜西西安地(di)區這一天，一般是外婆（舅(jiu)家）給(gei)外甥（女）送爆米花及餑餑饃。媽(ma)(ma)媽(ma)(ma)會(hui)前一天炒(chao)好齊(qi)子豆(dou)，準備(bei)給(gei)家里人。齊(qi)子豆(dou)是用(yong)油(you)、水和面，然(ran)后(hou)切成小的(de)立方(fang)體，再用(yong)油(you)炒(chao)了(le)。有的(de)地(di)方(fang)會(hui)把花生和齊(qi)子豆(dou)一齊(qi)炒(chao)。

河北

二(er)(er)(er)月二(er)(er)(er)在河北，農村(cun)早起有(you)挑龍蛋的風(feng)俗，天還沒有(you)亮的時(shi)候，男(nan)主(zhu)人用水桶從村(cun)里的水井(jing)里打水，相(xiang)傳(chuan)二(er)(er)(er)月二(er)(er)(er)的水井(jing)里會有(you)龍蛋，挑回家里以(yi)求風(feng)調雨順，取吉(ji)祥之意。

邯(han)鄲：吃(chi)“龍須面(mian)(mian)”;“龍耳”、“龍角”(餃子);“龍子”(米飯(fan)(fan));“龍拿珠”(混(hun)沌面(mian)(mian));“食(shi)龍頭(tou)(tou)”(豬(zhu)頭(tou)(tou))。每逢農歷二月(yue)初二，磁州附近山村有(you)姑(gu)娘們(men)過(guo)乞巧(qiao)(qiao)節(jie)的(de)習俗。這一天，姑(gu)娘們(men)可自由(you)結伴(ban)，穿(chuan)上好衣裳(shang)，帶好小米、白面(mian)(mian)、油、鹽及(ji)鍋(guo)、碗、盆(pen)、勺等工(gong)具，一起(qi)上山野餐，這就是(shi)磁州古時流傳(chuan)下來的(de)"姑(gu)娘二月(yue)二吃(chi)乞巧(qiao)(qiao)飯(fan)(fan)"習俗。

石家莊(zhuang)：吃麻花(hua)，豬頭肉，餃(jiao)子。那(nei)(nei)邊是要吃那(nei)(nei)種面片(pian)，石家莊(zhuang)人(ren)叫咸食(shi)，混著(zhu)雞蛋和面粉香味的面片(pian)香；也有叫菜餅子的，就(jiu)是把在地窖里(li)藏了一冬天的蘿卜挖出來(lai)，切(qie)成絲和面和到一起，烙出來(lai)的餅，沾(zhan)著(zhu)蒜(suan)泥和醋，很(hen)多人(ren)吃不(bu)習慣，不(bu)過這么多年的風俗沿襲下來(lai)，而(er)且還一直能傳(chuan)承下去。

承德：早(zao)起煎餅早(zao)起煎餅午餃子煎肉(rou)片煎魚：二(er)月二(er)炸魚煎肉(rou)，這(zhe)叫(jiao)“熏蟲兒”。因為二(er)月二(er)正值驚蟄(zhe)前后，百(bai)蟲蠢動(dong)，疫病(bing)易生，人(ren)們祈望用這(zhe)香(xiang)味熏醒傳說(shuo)中的龍(long)鎮住(zhu)毒蟲，吃豬頭肉(rou)。

滄(cang)州：吃(chi)(chi)龍拿珠，就(jiu)是(shi)面條和餃子(zi)一起下鍋(guo)煮，煮熟了再吃(chi)(chi)。吃(chi)(chi)餃子(zi)就(jiu)是(shi)龍耳朵的意思或面條就(jiu)是(shi)龍須子(zi)意思。吃(chi)(chi)龍鱗(lin)餅(bing)。

沿海

奉祀土地公

南方”二(er)(er)月二(er)(er)“主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)以(yi)祭(ji)社(she)(she)（土(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)(shen)）習俗為(wei)主(zhu)，祭(ji)龍(long)(long)習俗主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)龍(long)(long)升天的仲夏(xia)端午。在(zai)浙江、福建、廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)、廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)等(deng)地(di)(di)區，既有龍(long)(long)抬頭節(jie)習俗，又(you)以(yi)祭(ji)社(she)(she)為(wei)主(zhu)的習俗。由于”地(di)(di)載萬物“、”聚財(cai)于地(di)(di)“，我國南方普遍奉祀土(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，土(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)(shen)又(you)稱”社(she)(she)“、”社(she)(she)神(shen)(shen)(shen)“、”土(tu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)“、“土(tu)地(di)(di)公”、”福德正神(shen)(shen)(shen)“，客家(jia)(jia)人稱”土(tu)地(di)(di)伯公“。”二(er)(er)月二(er)(er)“（古時春社(she)(she)是立春后(hou)第五個戊日(ri)，秋(qiu)(qiu)社(she)(she)是立秋(qiu)(qiu)后(hou)第五個戊日(ri)）社(she)(she)日(ri)節(jie)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是祭(ji)祀土(tu)地(di)(di)和聚社(she)(she)會飲，借(jie)敬神(shen)(shen)(shen)、娛(yu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)而娛(yu)人。從上(shang)古開始，社(she)(she)神(shen)(shen)(shen)就成(cheng)為(wei)了祭(ji)祀系統(tong)中的祀典之(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)。時至(zhi)今日(ri)，古老的“社(she)(she)神(shen)(shen)(shen)”已(yi)有了很多變化，但祭(ji)祀土(tu)地(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)(shen)的習俗一直保留(liu)下來(lai)，并(bing)隨著華人的遷徙，在(zai)泰國，新加坡，馬(ma)來(lai)西(xi)亞等(deng)東(dong)南亞國家(jia)(jia)也開花結果(guo)，落地(di)(di)生根。

分祭豬肉

分祭肉，聚眾宴飲，奏(zou)(zou)樂(le)歡(huan)娛。社祭作為民眾歡(huan)聚節(jie)日的習俗，在龍抬頭(tou)這(zhe)(zhe)天也(ye)會(hui)上演。《廣(guang)州府志》引《番禺志》載：“二月(yue)二日土地(di)會(hui)，大小衙(ya)署及街巷無不召梨園奏(zou)(zou)樂(le)娛神。”昔日那祭社的盛況(kuang)及人們(men)聚眾宴飲的歡(huan)娛場面，在這(zhe)(zhe)些記載中可見(jian)一斑。?

開筆禮

“二月(yue)二，龍(long)抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)，龍(long)不抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)我抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)。”在(zai)傳(chuan)統習俗里，為(wei)取龍(long)抬(tai)頭(tou)(tou)之(zhi)吉兆。兒童在(zai)二月(yue)二這(zhe)(zhe)天，會(hui)舉行(xing)“開筆(bi)禮(li)”，過去私塾先生(sheng)(sheng)多在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)一天收學生(sheng)(sheng)，謂之(zhi)“占鰲頭(tou)(tou)”。人(ren)們希望(wang)通(tong)過這(zhe)(zhe)種方(fang)式(shi)，祝(zhu)愿每一個孩子長大后斷文識字。

起龍船

在龍(long)抬頭這(zhe)天(tian)，廣東一些地(di)方有“起龍(long)船”的(de)活動，眾人跳(tiao)入水(shui)中“起龍(long)船”，請(qing)龍(long)出水(shui)、清洗龍(long)船、試扒龍(long)船。人們選擇這(zhe)天(tian)作為(wei)傳統“起龍(long)船”的(de)日子，是為(wei)了顯示百姓對(dui)龍(long)舟(zhou)的(de)尊重，以(yi)及(ji)祈求事(shi)事(shi)順利的(de)心愿。

敬龍神

在過去，潮州有“迎青(qing)龍(long)”之(zhi)俗(su)，是以青(qing)色蛇為青(qing)龍(long)，用彩車、彩隊扛了(le)游巡，這(zhe)是敬祭龍(long)神的遺風。

剪龍頭

一直流傳著二月二“剪(jian)(jian)龍(long)頭”的習俗(su)，這天(tian)大人(ren)、孩(hai)子都剃(ti)頭，叫(jiao)“剃(ti)喜頭”。特別是男孩(hai)子，都要理發，謂(wei)之“剪(jian)(jian)龍(long)頭”，據說在這一天(tian)理發能夠帶(dai)來一年(nian)的好運(yun)，也有要想鴻運(yun)當剃(ti)頭的寓意。

炮會

二(er)月(yue)二(er)土地神誕辰，在(zai)廣(guang)東部分地區，當地男(nan)女(nv)老(lao)少會(hui)用震天的(de)鞭(bian)炮(pao)祈(qi)求風(feng)調(diao)雨順、五谷豐登(deng)，這一習俗被人們稱(cheng)作(zuo)“炮(pao)會(hui)”。

龍食

由于人(ren)們(men)對龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)崇拜，龍(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)頭這天人(ren)們(men)要吃有“龍(long)(long)(long)”字(zi)的(de)食品來(lai)沾“龍(long)(long)(long)氣”，所以(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)頭風味食物大都以(yi)“龍(long)(long)(long)”來(lai)命名。面(mian)條稱作(zuo)“龍(long)(long)(long)須(xu)面(mian)”、面(mian)餅稱作(zuo)“龍(long)(long)(long)鱗餅”……，人(ren)們(men)希望以(yi)此祈(qi)求龍(long)(long)(long)王保(bao)佑一年(nian)風調雨順(shun)。

其它地區

浙南(nan)：泗(si)溪二(er)月(yue)(yue)二(er)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)，地(di)處浙江南(nan)部的泰(tai)順縣泗(si)溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)是(shi)著名(ming)的廊橋(qiao)(qiao)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)，世界最(zui)美(mei)廊橋(qiao)(qiao)“姊妹橋(qiao)(qiao)”的所(suo)在地(di)，這(zhe)里山清(qing)水(shui)秀，空氣清(qing)新。在泗(si)溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)白(bai)粉(fen)墻村(cun)有著近三百年歷史(shi)的二(er)月(yue)(yue)二(er)祈福(fu)(fu)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)活(huo)動(dong)，每年農歷二(er)月(yue)(yue)初二(er)這(zhe)天，白(bai)粉(fen)墻村(cun)都(dou)要在本村(cun)的“陳十四娘(niang)娘(niang)”廟(miao)舉行二(er)月(yue)(yue)二(er)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)（祈福(fu)(fu)活(huo)動(dong)）。該習俗(su)興起于清(qing)朝雍正年間(jian)，俗(su)稱“做福(fu)(fu)”或“福(fu)(fu)酒”，從清(qing)代至民國“二(er)月(yue)(yue)二(er)”廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)活(huo)動(dong)發展(zhan)到鼎盛(sheng)，前往參加“福(fu)(fu)宴”的人群除(chu)本境鄉(xiang)民，更多的來客都(dou)是(shi)從十鄉(xiang)八里之(zhi)外(wai)慕(mu)名(ming)面來，可謂(wei)盛(sheng)況空前。廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)活(huo)動(dong)內容精(jing)彩，其中最(zui)大(da)的地(di)方特色是(shi)“娘(niang)娘(niang)踩街”、“福(fu)(fu)宴”和浙南(nan)木偶戲。

唐山(shan)遷安：遷安地(di)區的風俗是登山(shan)。

江(jiang)蘇(su)南通：民間有用(yong)(yong)(yong)面粉制作(zuo)壽桃、牲畜，蒸(zheng)熟后插在(zai)(zai)竹簽(qian)上(shang)(shang)，晚上(shang)(shang)再(zai)插在(zai)(zai)田間，認為這是供百蟲之神和(he)祭祀祖(zu)先的(de)(de)食(shi)品，祈(qi)求祖(zu)先驅趕蟲災(zai)，也希望百蟲之神不(bu)要(yao)(yao)危害莊(zhuang)稼。山東(dong)日照濰坊地區農村(cun)會用(yong)(yong)(yong)草木灰在(zai)(zai)地上(shang)(shang)畫谷倉(cang)(cang)糧倉(cang)(cang)，在(zai)(zai)倉(cang)(cang)內撒上(shang)(shang)五谷，祈(qi)禱新一(yi)年谷糧滿倉(cang)(cang)。并在(zai)(zai)這一(yi)天炒(chao)糖豆(dou)，（白糖、冰糖和(he)花生一(yi)起(qi)炒(chao)）吃(chi)(chi)(chi)糖豆(dou)。是日，各地普(pu)遍把(ba)食(shi)品名(ming)稱加(jia)上(shang)(shang)“龍(long)(long)(long)”的(de)(de)頭(tou)銜，吃(chi)(chi)(chi)水餃(jiao)叫吃(chi)(chi)(chi)“龍(long)(long)(long)耳(er)”，吃(chi)(chi)(chi)春餅叫吃(chi)(chi)(chi)“龍(long)(long)(long)鱗”，吃(chi)(chi)(chi)面條叫食(shi)“龍(long)(long)(long)須”，吃(chi)(chi)(chi)米飯叫吃(chi)(chi)(chi)“龍(long)(long)(long)子”，吃(chi)(chi)(chi)餛飩叫吃(chi)(chi)(chi)“龍(long)(long)(long)眼”等(deng)。婦(fu)女們(men)在(zai)(zai)這一(yi)天不(bu)能做(zuo)針(zhen)線活，因(yin)為蒼龍(long)(long)(long)在(zai)(zai)這一(yi)天要(yao)(yao)抬(tai)頭(tou)觀望天下，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)針(zhen)會刺傷(shang)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)眼睛。婦(fu)女起(qi)床前(qian)，先念“二(er)(er)月(yue)二(er)(er)，龍(long)(long)(long)抬(tai)頭(tou)，龍(long)(long)(long)不(bu)抬(tai)頭(tou)我(wo)抬(tai)頭(tou)”。起(qi)床后還(huan)要(yao)(yao)打著(zhu)燈籠照房梁，邊照邊念“二(er)(er)月(yue)二(er)(er)，照房梁，蝎子蜈蚣無處(chu)藏”。有的(de)(de)地方婦(fu)女停止洗衣服，怕傷(shang)了龍(long)(long)(long)皮，等(deng)等(deng)。山東(dong)菏澤民間習俗是二(er)(er)月(yue)二(er)(er)這天炒(chao)鹽水黃豆(dou)，讓黃豆(dou)開(kai)花。

福建莆(pu)田(tian)：莆(pu)田(tian)民間有“二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)，龍(long)抬頭(tou)，打(da)(da)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)祭(ji)(ji)，大(da)聚餐(can)”之俗(su)。農歷二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)二(er)(er)(er)，俗(su)稱“二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)”，莆(pu)仙(xian)人(ren)稱二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)為“頭(tou)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”，而(er)且與臘月(yue)(yue)十(shi)六的“尾(wei)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”同等(deng)重視。按地(di)方方言，“做(zuo)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”也(ye)叫(jiao)“打(da)(da)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)祭(ji)(ji)”。所謂“打(da)(da)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)祭(ji)(ji)”，在(zai)《現(xian)代漢語詞典(dian)》注解說：“原(yuan)指每逢月(yue)(yue)初(chu)、月(yue)(yue)中吃(chi)一頓有葷菜的飯，后(hou)來泛指偶而(er)吃(chi)一頓豐盛(sheng)的飯。”然而(er)，在(zai)莆(pu)仙(xian)，整個正月(yue)(yue)里鬧元宵，都有“豐盛(sheng)的菜肴(yao)”，算不上是(shi)“做(zuo)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”“打(da)(da)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)祭(ji)(ji)”。到(dao)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)二(er)(er)(er)，才是(shi)一年中“做(zuo)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”的頭(tou)一次，所以(yi)稱為“頭(tou)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”。“頭(tou)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”這一天，按傳(chuan)統慣例，各(ge)行業、商店鋪、包括(kuo)各(ge)戶主(zhu)，一到(dao)黃昏前后(hou)時段，置辦果品(pin)酒(jiu)肴(yao)等(deng)，點香燭、燒“貢銀”、放(fang)鞭炮等(deng)。城里的把供案擺在(zai)自(zi)家(jia)店門前，鄉村的到(dao)田(tian)頭(tou)、社(she)廟(miao)祭(ji)(ji)祀土地(di)神(shen)，祈求豐收。然后(hou)，以(yi)祭(ji)(ji)神(shen)福余，邀請(qing)雇傭伙友(you)工(gong)匠們聚餐(can)，未得邀請(qing)者，就意味(wei)著(zhu)被(bei)“解雇”。莆(pu)仙(xian)村民凡有雇傭木工(gong)、泥工(gong)等(deng)工(gong)匠做(zuo)工(gong)的人(ren)家(jia)，戶主(zhu)須于(yu)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)二(er)(er)(er)晚上辦酒(jiu)席請(qing)工(gong)匠“做(zuo)頭(tou)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”。

福建福清：江陰鎮的(de)(de)南曹村(cun)(cun)二(er)月初二(er)日(ri)報恩寺桃溪境迎(ying)春神游甚(shen)為壯觀，人(ren)們裝(zhuang)扮(ban)成狀元(yuan)、榜眼、探花(hua)郎(lang)、文(wen)武百官，彩旗、腰鼓隊、旱船、蚌女、十番、舞(wu)龍、舞(wu)獅參游人(ren)數眾多。春和景明(ming)，大(da)地綠遍，到郊外走走，空(kong)氣新鮮，陽(yang)光充足(zu)，大(da)氣中的(de)(de)“長壽素(su)”——陰離子較多，是(shi)(shi)調整人(ren)體代謝的(de)(de)天然“藥物”，更(geng)是(shi)(shi)治(zhi)療精神緊張的(de)(de)理(li)想(xiang)“解(jie)毒劑”。村(cun)(cun)民們以(yi)淳樸的(de)(de)情懷用古老傳統的(de)(de)方式迎(ying)接著新一年的(de)(de)平安與豐收(shou)，祈盼著風調雨順(shun)、五谷豐登、繁(fan)榮昌盛。

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