蛇姓(讀作shé或yí),中國罕見姓氏(shi)。是(shi)個(ge)多(duo)民族姓氏(shi),今漢、苗、傈(li)僳族均有此姓。起源很多(duo),但如今姓此姓的人數不多(duo),郡望有雁(yan)門、南安(an)等。
1、蛇(she)姓(xing)出自姜姓(xing),為齊公族(zu)蛇(she)丘氏之后(hou)。春秋時齊國公族(zu)中有個蛇(she)丘氏,他(ta)的后(hou)代就有人以(yi)蛇(she)為姓(xing)。東漢時就有一(yi)個太守名叫蛇(she)邱。
2、春(chun)秋末年(nian),楚(chu)平王有個孫(sun)(sun)子叫(jiao)田公它(ta)成(cheng),他的(de)子孫(sun)(sun)便把他的(de)名“它(ta)”作為了姓氏(shi)(shi)。古代(dai)蛇(she)字也寫作它(ta),所以(yi),這也是(shi)蛇(she)姓的(de)一(yi)個來源。由于(yu)它(ta)是(shi)個多音字,后來就(jiu)演變(bian)出(chu)了它(ta)、蛇(she)兩(liang)個姓氏(shi)(shi)。
3、源(yuan)出羌(qiang)人。后(hou)(hou)秦姚萇之(zhi)妻(qi)蛇氏,其族之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)。
3、傈傈族姓夫扒氏(shi),以蛇為氏(shi)族圖騰(teng),后(hou)來蛇成為氏(shi)族名(ming),因(yin)氏(shi)。
4、蛇姓(xing)(xing)原(yuan)是張姓(xing)(xing)的分支,野史中說當年(nian)洪秀全在(zai)南京安慶(qing)保(bao)衛(wei)戰中失利,灣沚區的張姓(xing)(xing)大量外逃。一(yi)(yi)(yi)支張姓(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)逃到南陵和青陽交界處的山里,饑(ji)餓(e)難耐時(shi),人(ren)(ren)群中有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個老人(ren)(ren)發現一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)大蛇,年(nian)輕人(ren)(ren)要抓來吃(chi),老人(ren)(ren)先是不(bu)許,但(dan)看一(yi)(yi)(yi)群人(ren)(ren)就(jiu)要餓(e)死了(le),只(zhi)好對(dui)大家說,我們(men)吃(chi)了(le)蛇,是它(ta)救了(le)我們(men),就(jiu)跟(gen)它(ta)姓(xing)(xing)吧。于(yu)是眾人(ren)(ren)吃(chi)了(le)大蛇獲(huo)救,后來這支張姓(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)改為姓(xing)(xing)蛇。
東漢(han)中(zhong)平五年(nian)(nian)(188年(nian)(nian)),分漢(han)陽郡(jun)豲(huan)(huan)道(dao)(dao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)安(an)(an)(an)郡(jun),領(ling)豲(huan)(huan)道(dao)(dao)(治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)甘(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)隴(long)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan))、新(xin)興(析豲(huan)(huan)道(dao)(dao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)甘(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)武(wu)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi))、中(zhong)陶(析豲(huan)(huan)道(dao)(dao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)甘(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)武(wu)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)北(bei)鴛鴦(yang)鎮)3縣(xian)(xian)(xian),轄域(yu)為今(jin)甘(gan)肅(su)(su)隴(long)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東部(bu)和定(ding)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、武(wu)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)一帶。建(jian)安(an)(an)(an)十九年(nian)(nian)(214年(nian)(nian))廢南(nan)(nan)(nan)安(an)(an)(an)郡(jun),并入隴(long)西(xi)郡(jun)。三(san)國曹(cao)魏(wei)時(shi)(shi)復(fu)(fu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)安(an)(an)(an)郡(jun),屬(shu)涼州(zhou)(zhou),仍治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豲(huan)(huan)道(dao)(dao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。西(xi)晉(jin)初屬(shu)秦(qin)州(zhou)(zhou);太(tai)康三(san)年(nian)(nian)(282年(nian)(nian))廢秦(qin)州(zhou)(zhou),改隸(li)雍州(zhou)(zhou)。太(tai)康七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(286年(nian)(nian))秦(qin)州(zhou)(zhou)復(fu)(fu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上邽,即今(jin)天水(shui)),南(nan)(nan)(nan)安(an)(an)(an)郡(jun)屬(shu)之。東晉(jin)大興四年(nian)(nian)(321年(nian)(nian)),南(nan)(nan)(nan)安(an)(an)(an)郡(jun)屬(shu)前涼河州(zhou)(zhou)(治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枹罕),前秦(qin)因之。后趙時(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)安(an)(an)(an)郡(jun)屬(shu)秦(qin)州(zhou)(zhou),后秦(qin),西(xi)秦(qin)屬(shu)之。西(xi)秦(qin)時(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)安(an)(an)(an)郡(jun)移治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)甘(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)隴(long)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東。北(bei)魏(wei)太(tai)和十年(nian)(nian)(486年(nian)(nian)),南(nan)(nan)(nan)安(an)(an)(an)郡(jun)改名南(nan)(nan)(nan)安(an)(an)(an)陽郡(jun),治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桓道(dao)(dao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(今(jin)甘(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)隴(long)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)),領(ling)桓道(dao)(dao)、新(xin)興(轄域(yu)為今(jin)隴(long)西(xi)、漳、武(wu)山(shan)3縣(xian)(xian)(xian)部(bu)分地域(yu))2縣(xian)(xian)(xian);北(bei)周復(fu)(fu)名南(nan)(nan)(nan)安(an)(an)(an)郡(jun)。隋朝(chao)開皇三(san)年(nian)(nian)(583年(nian)(nian))實行州(zhou)(zhou)轄縣(xian)(xian)(xian)制(zhi),廢郡(jun)。
戰國時(shi)(shi)(shi)趙(zhao)武(wu)(wu)靈王置(zhi),秦時(shi)(shi)(shi)治(zhi)所在(zai)善無(wu),今(jin)山西(xi)舊代州寧武(wu)(wu)之北(bei)部(bu)、及(ji)朔平南部(bu)、大(da)同東(dong)部(bu)北(bei)部(bu)皆其境,漢亦為(wei)雁門(men)郡(jun)治(zhi)善無(wu),在(zai)今(jin)山西(xi)右(you)玉(yu)縣南,漢時(shi)(shi)(shi)郡(jun)轄(xia):善無(wu)、沃陽(yang)(yang)、中(zhong)陵、陰館、樓(lou)煩、武(wu)(wu)州、劇(ju)陽(yang)(yang)、崞、平城(cheng)、埒、馬邑,疆陰等縣。后漢移郡(jun)治(zhi)陰館,在(zai)今(jin)山西(xi)代縣西(xi)北(bei),三國魏(wei)移治(zhi)廣武(wu)(wu),在(zai)今(jin)代縣西(xi)十五里,后魏(wei)移治(zhi)古上館城(cheng),即今(jin)代縣治(zhi),隋開(kai)皇初(chu)(chu)廢(fei)郡(jun)為(wei)代州,大(da)業初(chu)(chu)復置(zhi)。唐時(shi)(shi)(shi)多次(ci)廢(fei)置(zhi),宋時(shi)(shi)(shi)稱代州雁門(men)郡(jun),金時(shi)(shi)(shi)廢(fei)郡(jun)。
湖南寧鄉、華容(rong)、益陽(yang)(yang)、麻陽(yang)(yang)及廣(guang)東茂名(ming)、江西(xi)廬山(shan)(shan)、上海、河北唐(tang)縣、寧夏同心、山(shan)(shan)西(xi)渾源等地均有此姓(xing)。在哈(ha)爾(er)濱市千萬(wan)人口中,截至(zhi)2013年2月中旬,查到蛇姓(xing)唯一一個(ge)家族,共10口人。
在(zai)東晉十六國中,有(you)(you)個羌(qiang)族建立的后(hou)(hou)秦,后(hou)(hou)秦國主姚萇(chang)的皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)姓蛇(she)(she)(she),南安(即現在(zai)甘肅的隴西(xi)縣(xian))人(ren)。蛇(she)(she)(she)皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)個哥哥叫蛇(she)(she)(she)越(yue)滂(pang)(一作蛇(she)(she)(she)越(yue)),任南安太(tai)守;她還有(you)(you)個本家(jia)侄(zhi)子叫蛇(she)(she)(she)玄,后(hou)(hou)來當了(le)建武將(jiang)軍。還有(you)(you)蛇(she)(she)(she)平為臨晉太(tai)守。又有(you)(you)蛇(she)(she)(she)節,為元時苗酋。