芒果视频下载

基本介紹

鐵(tie)線蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)（Gordiacea Von Stebold，1843）又名發形蛇（hair snake），亦稱毛細(xi)線蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(hairworm)或戈爾迪(di)烏斯線蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(gordian worm)，土名為銅絲蛇或天絲。

隸屬(shu)于(yu)線(xian)形動物(wu)門，為鐵線(xian)蟲(chong)綱蠕(ru)蟲(chong)的(de)總稱。與(yu)醫學有關的(de)蟲(chong)種(zhong)分屬(shu)于(yu)鐵線(xian)蟲(chong)目（Gordioidea）、鐵線(xian)蟲(chong)科(ke)(Gordiidae)、鐵線(xian)蟲(chong)屬(shu)（Gordius ）和索蟲(chong)科(ke)的(de)Chordodes， Paragordius和Parachordodes屬(shu)等，250～300種(zhong)。鐵線(xian)蟲(chong)體細長，馬鬃狀，長可(ke)(ke)達1米。成蟲(chong)在海水(shui)(shui)或淡水(shui)(shui)中自由生(sheng)(sheng)活，幼蟲(chong)寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)在節肢動物(wu)體內。國(guo)內分布于(yu)南北方各省(sheng)，國(guo)外廣泛(fan)分布于(yu)世(shi)界各地。可(ke)(ke)通過水(shui)(shui)源感染人體，引起鐵線(xian)蟲(chong)病。在科(ke)研中，常作為動物(wu)學的(de)實驗材料(liao)。

鐵線蟲(chong)見于(yu)熱(re)帶和溫帶，在(zai)水中營自由生活，偶能感染人(ren)體(ti)，寄生于(yu)消化道內(nei)。成蟲(chong)呈線狀，雌(ci)雄異(yi)體(ti)，雌(ci)蟲(chong)在(zai)水邊(bian)產卵(luan)，以(yi)蚱蜢、蟑螂和甲(jia)蟲(chong)等昆蟲(chong)為中間宿主。

形態及特征

大型個體(ti)(ti)。體(ti)(ti)長為300-1000毫米(mi)，體(ti)(ti)型似細繩狀。與線(xian)蟲的圓蟲類相(xiang)似，但無背線(xian)、腹線(xian)與側線(xian)。前端(duan)鈍圓，體(ti)(ti)表角質堅硬，雄(xiong)體(ti)(ti)末(mo)端(duan)分(fen)叉，呈(cheng)倒 "V"字形，分(fen)叉部分(fen)的前腹面為泄殖(zhi)孔。消化管幼(you)蟲期(qi)(qi)存在，而成(cheng)蟲期(qi)(qi)則退化。雄(xiong)體(ti)(ti)的精巢和雌體(ti)(ti)的卵巢數目多，成(cheng)對排列于身(shen)體(ti)(ti)的兩側。生活時體(ti)(ti)呈(cheng)深棕色。

生活習性

成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)棲息于河流、池塘及水溝內，雌體(ti)所產(chan)的卵在水內孵出(chu)幼(you)蟲(chong)，被昆蟲(chong)或人類吃進后，通過寄生生活。當這種蟲(chong)被大型(xing)節肢動物如螳螂、蝗蟲(chong)等(deng)吞食后，幼(you)蟲(chong)在這些節肢動物體(ti)內繼續(xu)發(fa)育，會(hui)逐(zhu)漸控制宿(su)主的行(xing)為，幼(you)蟲(chong)成(cheng)(cheng)長為成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)時(shi)，會(hui)控制宿(su)主尋找水源(yuan)淹死宿(su)主后從(cong)宿(su)主體(ti)內鉆出(chu)。

人(ren)類很容易在水(shui)池里(li)和(he)(he)不(bu)干(gan)凈的(de)(de)水(shui)里(li)喝(he)到這些鐵線蟲的(de)(de)幼(you)蟲，喝(he)下(xia)去后有一定幾(ji)率感染鐵線蟲病(bing)，這種病(bing)會使(shi)尿道感染發炎，所以(yi)池塘的(de)(de)水(shui)和(he)(he)不(bu)干(gan)凈的(de)(de)水(shui)不(bu)能隨(sui)便喝(he)。幼(you)蟲在節肢(zhi)動物(wu)體內會誘使(shi)寄生體去尋找水(shui)源，所以(yi)水(shui)源有節肢(zhi)動物(wu)尸(shi)體的(de)(de)時候(hou)，不(bu)建(jian)議(yi)飲用。

價值及其他

鐵線蟲病

感染途徑

成蟲在水中獨自生活，偶(ou)爾感染人體(ti)，引起鐵線蟲病（nematomorphiasis）。本病女性(xing)多于男性(xing)。

蟲(chong)體(ti)細長(chang)(chang)(chang)，圓(yuan)線形(xing)，似鐵絲，黑褐色；長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)10~50cm，寬(kuan)約(yue)1~3mm； 頭端(duan)鈍圓(yuan)，具有(you)0.5~1mm長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)淡黃色區；蟲(chong)體(ti)表面有(you)許多小乳突(tu)；雄蟲(chong)尾部卷曲，末(mo)端(duan)分(fen)叉；雌蟲(chong)尾短尖鈍。蟲(chong)體(ti)在體(ti)外非(fei)常(chang)活躍，常(chang)有(you)自行打結的(de)習性。

鐵線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)于沼澤、池(chi)塘、溪流、溝(gou)渠(qu)等水體(ti)中(zhong)，雌雄交配產卵，卵內(nei)(nei)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵出(chu)(chu)進(jin)入昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（蚱蜢（locust）、蟋(xi)蟀（Cricket）、蟑螂(lang)（Cockroach）、甲蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（Beetle）等）體(ti)內(nei)(nei)發(fa)育(yu)形(xing)成稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)入水，稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)離開(kai)宿主(zhu)在水中(zhong)發(fa)育(yu)為(wei)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。人(ren)體(ti)消化道(dao)感染鐵線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)可能是通過接(jie)觸(chu)或(huo)飲用含有稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水、昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、魚類和螺類或(huo)食物(wu)(wu)而引(yin)起(qi)。尿(niao)路感染是由于人(ren)體(ti)會(hui)陰部接(jie)觸(chu)有鐵線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)水體(ti)，經(jing)尿(niao)道(dao)侵(qin)入，上行(xing)至膀胱內(nei)(nei)寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)侵(qin)入人(ren)體(ti)后(hou)可進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)發(fa)育(yu)至成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，并可存活(huo)數(shu)年。寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)泌尿(niao)道(dao)的(de)(de)患者，以女性(xing)為(wei)多，均有明顯的(de)(de)泌尿(niao)道(dao)刺激癥(zheng)，如下(xia)腹部劇烈疼(teng)痛、尿(niao)頻、尿(niao)急、尿(niao)痛、血尿(niao)、放射性(xing)腰痛、會(hui)陰和陰道(dao)炎等，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)排出(chu)(chu)后(hou)，癥(zheng)狀緩解。鐵線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于消化道(dao)所引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)癥(zheng)狀一(yi)般不明顯，可有消化不良、腹痛、腹瀉等表現(xian)。亦見(jian)有從眼眶腫物(wu)(wu)或(huo)耳(er)道(dao)檢出(chu)(chu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)的(de)(de)報告(gao)。

診斷依據

診斷本病(bing)依(yi)據從(cong)尿中或糞便中檢(jian)獲蟲(chong)體。在臨(lin)床(chuang)上若遇到有尿道(dao)刺激癥狀(zhuang)，久治(zhi)不愈、而又有生(sheng)飲或會(hui)陰部接觸過塘、溝(gou)水(shui)或潮濕草地的患者(zhe)，應考慮作膀胱(guang)鏡檢(jian)。

鐵(tie)線蟲病盡管是一(yi)種較(jiao)為罕(han)見的寄(ji)生蟲病，全世界只有(you)14個國家有(you)病例報(bao)道。但各(ge)地因生產(chan)生活接(jie)觸自然水體的人群甚多(duo)(duo)，其實際感(gan)染(ran)人數(shu)可(ke)能(neng)遠比已報(bao)告的例數(shu)要多(duo)(duo)。

預防措施

防治本病的關(guan)鍵是不(bu)(bu)飲不(bu)(bu)潔之(zhi)水(shui)(shui)、不(bu)(bu)生吃昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)、魚類(lei)和螺類(lei)等食物，下(xia)水(shui)(shui)時避免下(xia)體與(yu)不(bu)(bu)潔水(shui)(shui)體直(zhi)接接觸。疑有(you)感(gan)染者(zhe)可口服驅蟲(chong)(chong)藥促蟲(chong)(chong)排出(chu)，寄生于組織內者(zhe)應(ying)手術取蟲(chong)(chong)。

遠離鐵線(xian)蟲疾病(bing)的糾纏最好的方(fang)法就(jiu)是不要(yao)吃生(sheng)的食(shi)(shi)物，魚類(lei)，以及螺類(lei)食(shi)(shi)物，這些(xie)都是不太(tai)衛生(sheng)的食(shi)(shi)物。在(zai)飲食(shi)(shi)的時候要(yao)注意看(kan)是否(fou)有與(yu)不干凈的水體有關聯的情況。而(er)且，從臨床方(fang)面數(shu)據也能夠(gou)看(kan)到，被鐵線(xian)蟲糾纏的女性遠遠多(duo)于(yu)男性，所以希望廣(guang)大女性要(yao)重視起來。