徐陵幼小的(de)時候,就被高人(ren)贊譽為(wei)“天上石(shi)麒麟”、“當世(shi)(shi)顏回”,他家(jia)族成(cheng)(cheng)員都非(fei)常剛(gang)正(zheng)嚴(yan)肅、又誠(cheng)懇謙遜。當時朝廷(ting)文(wen)書制(zhi)度,多由徐陵寫成(cheng)(cheng),徐陵在朝廷(ting)上彈劾陳(chen)(chen)(chen)文(wen)帝(世(shi)(shi)祖(zu))陳(chen)(chen)(chen)蒨(qian)的(de)弟弟安成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)頊(后來的(de)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)宣帝)手(shou)下的(de)權臣鮑僧叡以(yi)及侍中(zhong)、中(zhong)書監等人(ren),慷慨陳(chen)(chen)(chen)詞,正(zheng)氣凜然(ran),連(lian)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)自己(ji)都整理(li)衣冠、嚴(yan)肅正(zheng)座,安成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)大汗淋漓、驚(jing)慌失色,徐陵讓人(ren)扶著(zhu)安成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)回去。他以(yi)一身浩氣扳倒了國蠹(du),從此以(yi)后朝廷(ting)為(wei)之肅然(ran)。
公元569年,他(ta)參與罷黜了廢帝(di)(di)陳(chen)伯宗(zong)(zong),扶立了陳(chen)宣帝(di)(di)(高宗(zong)(zong)),被封為建昌縣侯(hou),皇帝(di)(di)讓他(ta)擔任(ren)尚書左(zuo)仆射(she)、吏部尚書等,他(ta)多(duo)次(ci)進行推(tui)辭,皇帝(di)(di)為之動容。后來朝(chao)廷(ting)決(jue)定北伐軍統帥人(ren)選,也是他(ta)一言(yan)九鼎(ding),否定了許多(duo)人(ren)推(tui)舉的淳于(yu)量,獨力推(tui)薦更(geng)合適的名將吳明徹擔綱,事實證(zheng)明他(ta)的正確。皇帝(di)(di)曾多(duo)次(ci)贊揚他(ta)獨具慧(hui)眼(yan)、知人(ren)善任(ren)。他(ta)的詩(shi)歌、文集當時(shi)被大家爭先收藏。
徐(xu)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling),字孝穆,東海郯(今(jin)山東郯城(cheng))人(ren)(ren)。父摛(chi),梁(liang)戎昭將軍(jun)、太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)左(zuo)(zuo)衛(wei)率。時寶志上人(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)道(dao),陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)年(nian)(nian)數歲(sui),寶志手摩其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)頂(ding),曰(yue):“天上石麒麟也。”光(guang)宅惠(hui)云法(fa)師每(mei)嗟陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)早(zao)成(cheng)就,謂之(zhi)顏回。八歲(sui)能(neng)(neng)屬文(wen),十二通(tong)《莊》《老》義。既長,博涉史籍(ji),縱(zong)橫有(you)(you)(you)口辯。梁(liang)普通(tong)二年(nian)(nian)(五二一(yi)年(nian)(nian)),參晉安王(wang)寧蠻府(fu)(fu)軍(jun)事(shi)。中(zhong)大(da)(da)通(tong)三年(nian)(nian)(五三一(yi)年(nian)(nian)),王(wang)立為(wei)皇(huang)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi),東宮置學士,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)充(chong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)選。歷尚書(shu)(shu)(shu)度支郎、通(tong)直散(san)騎常(chang)侍。及侯景寇(kou)京師,摛(chi)因感氣疾而(er)卒,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)蔬食布衣(yi),若居(ju)憂恤。及江陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)陷,太(tai)(tai)尉王(wang)僧(seng)辯接待饋遺,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)禮甚優(you)。以(yi)(yi)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)尚書(shu)(shu)(shu)吏部(bu)郎,掌詔(zhao)誥。陳霸先率兵誅僧(seng)辯,釋陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)不(bu)問。尋除貞威將軍(jun)、尚書(shu)(shu)(shu)左(zuo)(zuo)丞(cheng)、給事(shi)黃(huang)門侍郎、秘書(shu)(shu)(shu)監(jian)。霸先受禪(chan)為(wei)陳高祖,加散(san)騎常(chang)侍,左(zuo)(zuo)丞(cheng)如(ru)故(gu)。歷太(tai)(tai)府(fu)(fu)卿、五兵尚書(shu)(shu)(shu)、散(san)騎常(chang)侍、御史中(zhong)丞(cheng)、吏部(bu)尚書(shu)(shu)(shu),領(ling)大(da)(da)著(zhu)作(zuo)。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)以(yi)(yi)梁(liang)末以(yi)(yi)來,選授(shou)多失(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo),於是提舉綱維(wei),綜核名實,眾(zhong)咸(xian)服焉。后(hou)(hou)主(zhu)即(ji)位,嘗佐吳,遂(sui)家姑蘇。遷左(zuo)(zuo)光(guang)祿大(da)(da)夫、太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)少傅。后(hou)(hou)主(zhu)好與嬪(pin)妃(fei)為(wei)艷詞(ci),示陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling),陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)曰(yue):“皆不(bu)達辭(ci)也。”后(hou)(hou)主(zhu)銜之(zhi)。尋卒,年(nian)(nian)七十七。詔(zhao)曰(yue):“陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)弱齡學尚,登(deng)朝秀穎,業高名輩,文(wen)曰(yue)詞(ci)宗(zong)。”贈(zeng)鎮(zhen)右將軍(jun)、特進(jin)(jin),謚曰(yue)章。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)器局深遠,容止(zhi)可(ke)(ke)觀,性(xing)又清簡,無(wu)所(suo)營樹,祿俸與親族共之(zhi)。太(tai)(tai)建中(zhong),食建昌邑,邑戶(hu)送米至於水次(ci),陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)親戚有(you)(you)(you)貧匱(kui)者(zhe),皆令(ling)取(qu)之(zhi),數日便盡(jin),陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)家尋致乏絕。府(fu)(fu)僚怪而(er)問其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu),陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)云:“我有(you)(you)(you)車牛衣(yi)裳可(ke)(ke)賣(mai),余家有(you)(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)賣(mai)不(bu)?”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)周給如(ru)此(ci)。少崇信釋教(jiao),經(jing)論多所(suo)精解。后(hou)(hou)主(zhu)在東宮,令(ling)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)講(jiang)《大(da)(da)品(pin)經(jing)》,義學名僧(seng),自遠云集(ji),每(mei)講(jiang)筵商較,四座莫能(neng)(neng)與抗。目有(you)(you)(you)青(qing)睛,時人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)聰惠(hui)之(zhi)相也。自有(you)(you)(you)陳創業,文(wen)檄軍(jun)書(shu)(shu)(shu)及禪(chan)授(shou)詔(zhao)策,皆陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)所(suo)制,而(er)《九錫(xi)》尤美。為(wei)一(yi)代文(wen)宗(zong),亦不(bu)以(yi)(yi)此(ci)矜物,未嘗詆(di)訶作(zuo)者(zhe)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)於后(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)之(zhi)徒,接引無(wu)倦(juan)。文(wen)帝、宣帝之(zhi)世,國(guo)家有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)手筆,皆陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)草之(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)頗(po)變(bian)舊(jiu)體,輯裁巧(qiao)密,多有(you)(you)(you)新(xin)意。每(mei)一(yi)文(wen)出手,好事(shi)者(zhe)已(yi)傳(chuan)寫(xie)成(cheng)誦(song),遂(sui)被之(zhi)華(hua)夷,家藏其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本。后(hou)(hou)逢喪(sang)亂,多散(san)失(shi)。與庾信齊名,并(bing)稱(cheng)徐(xu)庾。今(jin)存《徐(xu)孝穆集(ji)》六(liu)(liu)卷。嘗輯《玉臺新(xin)詠》十卷,錄東周至梁(liang)詩凡七百六(liu)(liu)十九篇(pian),《陌上桑》《孔雀東南飛》《上山采蘼蕪》等(deng)賴以(yi)(yi)存傳(chuan)。
今(jin)存(cun)《徐孝穆(mu)集》6卷和《玉臺新詠(yong)》10卷。
《玉(yu)(yu)臺(tai)新詠(yong)(yong)》是徐(xu)陵在(zai)梁(liang)中(zhong)葉(xie)時(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)編(bian)的(de)一(yi)部詩(shi)(shi)(shi)歌(ge)總集。有人(ren)懷(huai)疑此(ci)書非徐(xu)陵所(suo)編(bian),而(er)出于稍后之(zhi)人(ren)但此(ci)說尚(shang)不(bu)足以(yi)成定論。《玉(yu)(yu)臺(tai)新詠(yong)(yong)》收(shou)入東周至梁(liang)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)歌(ge)共690篇(pian)。據近人(ren)考證,系專為(wei)(wei)梁(liang)元帝蕭繹的(de)徐(xu)妃排憂遣(qian)悶(men)而(er)編(bian)。在(zai)取材上,以(yi)“選(xuan)(xuan)錄艷(yan)歌(ge)”為(wei)(wei)宗旨(《玉(yu)(yu)臺(tai)新詠(yong)(yong)序(xu)》),主要收(shou)男女閨(gui)情(qing)之(zhi)作,大體(ti)不(bu)出離(li)愁別恨、傷遇感時(shi)、中(zhong)道(dao)棄捐等類(lei),范圍比較(jiao)狹窄。但其中(zhong)也收(shou)入了不(bu)少感情(qing)真(zhen)摯并具有現(xian)(xian)實意義的(de)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)篇(pian),如漢樂府民歌(ge)《陌上桑》,中(zhong)國古代長篇(pian)敘事詩(shi)(shi)(shi)《為(wei)(wei)焦仲卿妻(qi)作》(又名《孔(kong)雀東南飛》)、《上山采蘼蕪》等。這些(xie)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)表現(xian)(xian)出真(zhen)摯愛情(qing)和婦女的(de)痛(tong)苦,說明《玉(yu)(yu)臺(tai)新詠(yong)(yong)》所(suo)錄詩(shi)(shi)(shi)作并非全是艷(yan)情(qing)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)。而(er)這些(xie)民間(jian)文(wen)學作品都(dou)不(bu)見于蕭統的(de)《文(wen)選(xuan)(xuan)》,乃經《玉(yu)(yu)臺(tai)新詠(yong)(yong)》的(de)保存而(er)得(de)以(yi)流(liu)傳。注本有清代紀容舒的(de)《玉(yu)(yu)臺(tai)新詠(yong)(yong)考異》等。
《陳書 卷二十六 列傳第二十》
徐陵,字孝穆,東海郯人也。祖(zu)超之(zhi),南(nan)齊郁林太(tai)守,梁員外(wai)散騎常侍。父摛(chi),梁戎昭將軍、太(tai)子(zi)左(zuo)衛率,贈侍中、太(tai)子(zi)詹事,謚(shi)貞子(zi)。母臧氏,嘗夢(meng)五色云化而(er)為鳳(feng),集左(zuo)肩(jian)上(shang)(shang),已而(er)誕(dan)陵焉(yan)。時寶志(zhi)上(shang)(shang)人者,世(shi)稱(cheng)其(qi)有道,陵年數歲,家人攜以(yi)候之(zhi),寶志(zhi)手摩其(qi)頂,曰:“天上(shang)(shang)石麒麟也。”光宅惠云法師(shi)每嗟陵早成就,謂之(zhi)顏回。八歲能(neng)屬文,十二通《莊》、《老(lao)》義。既長,博涉史籍(ji),縱(zong)橫有口辯(bian)。
梁普通(tong)二年,晉安王(wang)(wang)為(wei)(wei)平(ping)西將軍(jun)、寧(ning)蠻校(xiao)尉,父摛為(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)咨議,王(wang)(wang)又引(yin)陵(ling)參(can)(can)寧(ning)蠻府軍(jun)事。中(zhong)大通(tong)三年,王(wang)(wang)立為(wei)(wei)皇太子,東(dong)(dong)宮置學士,陵(ling)充其(qi)選(xuan)。稍(shao)遷尚書度支郎。出(chu)為(wei)(wei)上虞令(ling),御史中(zhong)丞劉孝儀(yi)與陵(ling)先有(you)隙(xi),風聞劾(he)陵(ling)在(zai)縣贓污,因坐免。久(jiu)之,起為(wei)(wei)南平(ping)王(wang)(wang)府行參(can)(can)軍(jun),遷通(tong)直散騎侍郎。梁簡文在(zai)東(dong)(dong)宮撰《長春殿義記(ji)》,使陵(ling)為(wei)(wei)序。又令(ling)于(yu)少傅府述所(suo)制《莊(zhuang)子義》。尋遷鎮西湘東(dong)(dong)王(wang)(wang)中(zhong)記(ji)室參(can)(can)軍(jun)。
太(tai)清二(er)年,兼(jian)通(tong)直散騎常侍。使(shi)魏(wei),魏(wei)人授館宴賓(bin)。是日(ri)甚熱,其主客魏(wei)收(shou)(shou)嘲陵(ling)曰(yue):“今(jin)日(ri)之(zhi)熱,當由徐(xu)常侍來。”陵(ling)即答(da)曰(yue):“昔(xi)王肅至此,為魏(wei)始制禮(li)儀;今(jin)我來聘,使(shi)卿復(fu)知寒暑(shu)。”收(shou)(shou)大慚。
及侯景寇京師,陵(ling)父摛先在圍(wei)城之內,陵(ling)不奉家信,便蔬食布衣,若(ruo)居憂恤(xu)。會齊受(shou)魏(wei)禪,梁元(yuan)帝承制于(yu)(yu)江陵(ling),復(fu)通使于(yu)(yu)齊。陵(ling)累求復(fu)命,終拘留不遣,陵(ling)乃致書于(yu)(yu)仆射(she)楊遵彥曰:
夫一(yi)言所感,凝暉照于魯陽(yang),一(yi)志冥通,飛泉涌(yong)于疏勒,況復元首康哉(zai),股肱良(liang)哉(zai),鄰國相(xiang)聞,風教相(xiang)期者也!天道窮剝(bo),鐘亂本朝,情計(ji)馳惶,公私哽懼,而骸骨之(zhi)請,徒淹歲寒(han),顛沛之(zhi)祈,空盈卷軸(zhou),是所不圖也,非所仰望(wang)也。
執事不(bu)聞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎:昔分鰲命(ming)績之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,觀河拜(bai)洛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年,則有日烏流災,風(feng)禽騁暴,天(tian)傾西北,地(di)缺東南,盛旱(han)坼三(san)川,長波含五岳。我大梁應(ying)金圖而(er)有亢,纂玉(yu)鏡而(er)猶(you)屯。何(he)則?圣人不(bu)能為(wei)時,斯固窮(qiong)通之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恒理也。至如荊州刺史湘東王(wang),機神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben),無寄名言,陶鑄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馀,猶(you)為(wei)堯(yao)、舜,雖復六代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舞,陳于總(zong)章,九州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌,登于司樂,虞夔拊(fu)石,晉曠(kuang)調(diao)鐘(zhong),未足頌此(ci)英聲,無以(yi)宣其盛德者也。若使郊禋楚翼,寧非祀(si)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君,戡定艱難(nan),便(bian)是匡周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霸,豈徒(tu)豳王(wang)徙雍(yong),期(qi)月為(wei)都,姚(yao)帝遷河,周年成邑。方今越(yue)常藐(miao)藐(miao),馴雉(zhi)北飛,肅纻茫(mang)茫(mang),風(feng)牛南偃,吾君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子,含識(shi)知歸,而(er)答旨云(yun)何(he)所投身,斯其未喻(yu)一也。
又(you)晉熙等郡,皆入貴朝(chao),去我尋(xun)陽,經途(tu)何(he)幾。至(zhi)于(yu)鐺鐺曉漏,的的宵烽,隔(ge)溆浦而(er)相聞(wen),臨(lin)高(gao)臺而(er)可望。泉流寶碗,遙憶湓(pen)城,峰號香爐,依(yi)然(ran)廬(lu)岳。日者鄱(po)陽嗣王治(zhi)兵匯派,屯戍(shu)淪波,朝(chao)夕(xi)箋書,春秋方(fang)物(wu),吾無(wu)從(cong)以躡屩,彼(bi)(bi)何(he)路(lu)(lu)而(er)齊鑣。豈(qi)其然(ran)乎?斯(si)不然(ran)矣。又(you)近者邵(shao)陵王通和此(ci)國,郢中上客,云聚魏都,鄴下名卿,風馳江(jiang)浦,豈(qi)盧(lu)龍(long)之徑于(yu)彼(bi)(bi)新開,銅(tong)駝之街于(yu)我長閉?何(he)彼(bi)(bi)途(tu)甚易(yi),非勞于(yu)五丁(ding),我路(lu)(lu)為(wei)難(nan),如登于(yu)九折?地(di)不私載,何(he)其爽歟?而(er)答(da)旨云還路(lu)(lu)無(wu)從(cong),斯(si)所未喻(yu)二也(ye)。
晉熙(xi)、廬江,義陽、安(an)陸,皆云款附(fu),非復危邦,計彼中途,便當靜晏,自(zi)(zi)斯以北(bei),桴鼓不(bu)(bu)鳴,自(zi)(zi)此(ci)以南,封疆未壹。如其(qi)境外(wai),脫(tuo)殞(yun)輕(qing)軀(qu),幸非邊吏之(zhi)羞,何(he)在(zai)匹夫之(zhi)命。又(you)(you)此(ci)賓(bin)游(you),通無(wu)(wu)貨(huo)殖,忝非韓起聘鄭,私買玉環,吳(wu)札過徐,躬要寶劍。由來宴錫,凡(fan)厥(jue)囊裝(zhuang),行役淹留(liu),皆已虛(xu)罄,散有限之(zhi)微財,供(gong)無(wu)(wu)期之(zhi)久客,斯可知矣(yi)。且據圖刎首,愚者不(bu)(bu)為,運斧全身,庸流所鑒。何(he)則(ze)?生輕(qing)一發,自(zi)(zi)重千鈞,不(bu)(bu)以賈盜(dao)明(ming)矣(yi)。骨肉不(bu)(bu)任充鼎俎,皮(pi)毛不(bu)(bu)足入(ru)貨(huo)財,盜(dao)有道(dao)焉(yan),吾無(wu)(wu)憂矣(yi)。又(you)(you)公家遣(qian)使(shi),脫(tuo)有資須,本朝非隆(long)平之(zhi)時,游(you)客豈皇華之(zhi)勢。輕(qing)裝(zhuang)獨(du)宿(su),非勞聚橐之(zhi)儀,微騎閑(xian)行,寧望輶軒之(zhi)禮。歸人將從(cong),私具驢騾(luo),緣(yuan)道(dao)亭郵,唯希蔬粟。若曰留(liu)之(zhi)無(wu)(wu)煩于執事,遣(qian)之(zhi)有費于官司(si),或以顛(dian)沛(pei)為言(yan),或云資裝(zhuang)可懼,固非通論,皆是外(wai)篇。斯所未喻三也(ye)。
又若以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吾徒應還(huan)侯(hou)景,侯(hou)景兇逆,殲我(wo)(wo)國(guo)家,天下含(han)靈,人(ren)(ren)(ren)懷憤厲,既(ji)不(bu)獲(huo)投身社(she)稷,衛難乘輿(yu),四冢磔蚩尤,千刀剸王莽,安所(suo)(suo)謂俯首頓(dun)膝(xi),歸奉(feng)寇仇(chou),佩弭腰鞬,為其皁隸(li)?日者(zhe)通和,方敦曩睦(mu),兇人(ren)(ren)(ren)狙詐,遂駭狼心,頗疑宋(song)萬之(zhi)誅(zhu),彌(mi)懼荀干之(zhi)請(qing),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)奔蹄(ti)勁角,專恣憑陵(ling),凡我(wo)(wo)行人(ren)(ren)(ren),偏膺仇(chou)憾。政復俎筋醢骨(gu),抽舌探(tan)肝,于(yu)彼兇情,猶當未雪,海內(nei)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)知也(ye),君侯(hou)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)具焉。又聞(wen)本朝公(gong)主,都人(ren)(ren)(ren)士女,風行雨散,東播西流,京(jing)邑丘墟,奸(jian)蓬蕭瑟,偃(yan)師還(huan)望,咸(xian)為草萊,霸陵(ling)回首,俱沾霜(shuang)露(lu),此又君之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)知也(ye)。彼以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)何義,爭免寇仇(chou)?我(wo)(wo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)何親,爭歸委質?昔(xi)鉅平(ping)貴將(jiang),懸重于(yu)陸公(gong),叔向名流,深知于(yu)鬷(zong)篾。吾雖不(bu)敏,常慕前修(xiu),不(bu)圖明庶有(you)懷,翻(fan)其以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此量物。昔(xi)魏氏將(jiang)亡,群(qun)兇挺爭,諸賢戮(lu)力,想得(de)其朋。為葛榮之(zhi)黨邪?為邢杲之(zhi)徒邪?如曰(yue)不(bu)然,斯所(suo)(suo)未喻(yu)四也(ye)。
假(jia)使(shi)吾(wu)徒還為兇黨(dang),侯景生于趙代,家(jia)自幽恒,居則(ze)(ze)臺司,行為連(lian)率,山川形(xing)勢,軍國彝章,不(bu)勞請箸(zhu)為籌,便當屈(qu)指能算(suan)。景以(yi)逋逃小丑,羊豕(shi)同群,身寓(yu)江皋,家(jia)留(liu)河(he)(he)朔,舂舂井井,如鬼如神。其(qi)不(bu)然乎?抑又君之(zhi)(zhi)所知也。且夫(fu)宮闈秘事(shi),并(bing)若云霄,英俊(jun)訏(xu)謨,寧非帷幄,或陽驚以(yi)定策,或焚藁(gao)而(er)奏書,朝廷之(zhi)(zhi)士,猶難參預(yu),羈旅之(zhi)(zhi)人,何階耳目。至于禮(li)樂沿革,刑政(zheng)寬猛,則(ze)(ze)謳歌已遠,萬(wan)舞成風,不(bu)知手之(zhi)(zhi)舞之(zhi)(zhi)足之(zhi)(zhi)蹈之(zhi)(zhi)也。安(an)在搖(yao)其(qi)牙齒,為間諜者哉(zai)?若謂復命西朝,終奔東虜(lu),雖齊、梁有隔(ge),尉(wei)候奚(xi)殊?豈以(yi)河(he)(he)曲之(zhi)(zhi)難浮,而(er)曰江關(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)可濟?河(he)(he)橋馬度,寧非宋典之(zhi)(zhi)奸?關(guan)路雞鳴,皆(jie)曰田文之(zhi)(zhi)客。何其(qi)通(tong)蔽,乃爾相妨?斯所未喻五也。
又兵交使在(zai),雖著前經,儻同(tong)徇仆(pu)之尤(you),追(zhui)肆寒山之怒,則凡諸元帥(shuai),并釋縲囚,爰及偏裨,同(tong)無翦(jian)馘。乃至鐘(zhong)儀見赦,朋笑遵途,襄(xiang)老蒙(meng)歸(gui),《虞歌》引路。吾(wu)等(deng)張旜(zhan)拭(shi)玉,修好尋盟,涉泗之與浮河,郊(jiao)勞至于(yu)贈(zeng)賄(hui),公恩既被(bei),賓敬無違,今者何(he)愆,翻蒙(meng)貶責?若以此(ci)為言(yan),斯(si)所未喻六也。
若(ruo)曰妖氛(fen)永久(jiu),喪亂悠然,哀(ai)我奔波,存其(qi)形(xing)魄,固(gu)已銘茲厚德,戴此洪恩,譬渤澥而俱深,方嵩、華(hua)而猶重。但山梁飲啄,非有意于籠(long)樊,江海飛(fei)浮(fu),本無情于鐘鼓。況(kuang)吾等營魂已謝,馀息空留,悲默為生(sheng),何能支久(jiu),是則雖蒙養護,更夭天年。若(ruo)以此為言,斯所未(wei)喻七也。
若云逆(ni)豎(shu)殲(jian)夷(yi),當聽反(fan)命,高軒繼路,飛蓋相隨,未(wei)解(jie)其言,何能(neng)善謔?夫屯亨治亂(luan),豈有(you)意(yi)于前(qian)期。謝常侍今年(nian)五十有(you)一,吾今年(nian)四十有(you)四,介已知命,賓(bin)又杖鄉,計彼侯生(sheng),肩隨而(er)已。豈銀臺之要,彼未(wei)從師,金灶之方(fang),吾知其決,政恐(kong)南陽菊(ju)水,竟不(bu)延齡,東海(hai)桑田,無由可(ke)望(wang)。若以此為言,斯所未(wei)喻八也。
足(zu)下清襟勝(sheng)托,書囿文林(lin),凡自洪(hong)荒(huang),終乎幽、厲(li),如吾(wu)今(jin)(jin)日(ri),寧有(you)其(qi)人(ren),爰至(zhi)《春秋》,微宜商略。夫宗姬殄墜,霸(ba)道昏(hun)兇,或執政之(zhi)多門,或陪臣(chen)之(zhi)涼德,故(gu)(gu)臧孫(sun)有(you)禮(li),翻(fan)囚與國(guo)之(zhi)賓,周伯無(wu)愆,空怒天(tian)王之(zhi)使,遷箕卿于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)兩館,縶驥(ji)子(zi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)三年(nian)。斯匪貪亂之(zhi)風邪(xie)?寧當今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)高例(li)也(ye)?至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雙崤且帝,四海爭雄,或構趙而(er)侵燕,或連韓而(er)謀魏,身求盟于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)楚殿,躬奪璧于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)秦庭(ting),輸寶鼎以(yi)托齊王,馳(chi)安車而(er)誘(you)梁客。其(qi)外膏(gao)脣販(fan)舌,分路揚鑣,無(wu)罪無(wu)辜,如兄如弟。逮乎中陽受命,天(tian)下同規,巡省(sheng)諸(zhu)華(hua),無(wu)聞幽辱(ru)。及三方之(zhi)霸(ba)也(ye),孫(sun)甘(gan)言以(yi)娬媚(mei),曹屈(qu)詐以(yi)羈縻,旍軫歲到于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)句吳(wu),冠蓋年(nian)馳(chi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庸蜀,則客嘲殊險,賓戲已(yi)深,共盡游談(tan),誰云猜忤,若使搜(sou)求故(gu)(gu)實,脫有(you)前蹤(zong),恐是叔世之(zhi)奸謀,而(er)非(fei)為邦之(zhi)勝(sheng)略也(ye)。
抑又聞之(zhi)(zhi),云(yun)師火(huo)帝,澆(jiao)淳乃異其(qi)風(feng),龍躍麟驚,王霸雖殊(shu)其(qi)道(dao)(dao),莫不崇君親以(yi)銘物,敦敬養以(yi)治民,預有邦(bang)司,曾無(wu)隆替(ti)。吾奉違(wei)溫清,仍屬亂離,寇虜猖狂,公私播越(yue)。蕭軒(xuan)靡御,王舫誰持?瞻望(wang)鄉關,何心天(tian)地?自非(fei)生(sheng)憑廩竹,源出(chu)空(kong)桑,行路含(han)情,猶其(qi)相愍。常謂(wei)擇(ze)官而仕,非(fei)曰(yue)孝家,擇(ze)事而趨(qu),非(fei)云(yun)忠(zhong)(zhong)國。況乎欽承(cheng)有道(dao)(dao),驂駕前王,郎(lang)吏(li)明經,鴟鳶知禮,巡省方化(hua),咸(xian)問高年,東(dong)序西膠,皆尊耆耋。吾以(yi)圭璋(zhang)玉帛,通聘來朝,屬世道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)屯期,鐘生(sheng)民之(zhi)(zhi)否運,兼年累載,無(wu)申(shen)元直之(zhi)(zhi)祈,銜泣吞聲,長對公閭之(zhi)(zhi)怒,情禮之(zhi)(zhi)訴,將同(tong)逆鱗,忠(zhong)(zhong)孝之(zhi)(zhi)言,皆應齚舌,是所不圖也,非(fei)所仰望(wang)也。
且天倫之愛,何得忘懷?妻子之情,誰能無累?夫以清河公主(zhu)之貴,馀姚(yao)書(shu)佐之家,莫限高卑,皆被驅略(lve)。自東南丑虜(lu),抄販饑民(min),臺署郎官,俱餒墻(qiang)壁,況吾生離死別,多歷(li)暄寒,孀室嬰兒,何可言(yan)念。如得身(shen)還(huan)鄉(xiang)土,躬自推求,猶冀提(ti)攜(xie),俱免兇虐。
夫四(si)聰(cong)不(bu)達,華陽(yang)君所(suo)謂亂臣,百姓無(wu)冤,孫叔敖稱為(wei)良相。足(zu)(zu)下高才重譽,參贊經綸,非豹非貔,聞《詩》聞《禮》,而中朝大議,曾未矜論,清禁嘉謀,安能相及,諤(e)諤(e)非周舍(she),容容類胡廣,何(he)其無(wu)諍臣哉(zai)?歲月(yue)如流,平(ping)生何(he)幾,晨看旅雁(yan),心赴(fu)江、淮,昏望牽(qian)牛(niu),情馳(chi)揚、越,朝千悲而掩泣,夜萬緒而回腸,不(bu)自(zi)(zi)知其為(wei)生,不(bu)自(zi)(zi)知其為(wei)死也。足(zu)(zu)下素挺詞鋒,兼長理窟,匡丞(cheng)相解頤之(zhi)說,樂令君清耳之(zhi)談,向所(suo)咨(zi)疑(yi),誰能曉喻。若(ruo)鄙言為(wei)謬,來旨必(bi)(bi)通,分請灰(hui)釘,甘從斧(fu)鑊,何(he)但規(gui)規(gui)默默,齰舌低(di)頭而已哉(zai)。若(ruo)一(yi)理存(cun)焉(yan),猶希(xi)矜眷,何(he)必(bi)(bi)期令我(wo)等必(bi)(bi)死齊都,足(zu)(zu)趙、魏(wei)之(zhi)黃塵,加(jia)幽、并之(zhi)片骨(gu),遂使東平(ping)拱樹(shu),長懷向漢(han)之(zhi)悲,西洛(luo)孤墳(fen),恒表(biao)思鄉之(zhi)夢。干祈以屢,哽(geng)慟增深(shen)。
遵彥竟不報書(shu)。及(ji)江陵(ling)陷,齊送(song)貞(zhen)陽(yang)侯蕭淵(yuan)(yuan)明(ming)為梁(liang)嗣(si),乃遣陵(ling)隨還。太尉王僧(seng)辯(bian)初拒境不納,淵(yuan)(yuan)明(ming)往復致(zhi)書(shu),皆陵(ling)詞(ci)也。及(ji)淵(yuan)(yuan)明(ming)之入,僧(seng)辯(bian)得陵(ling)大喜,接待饋遺,其(qi)禮甚優。以陵(ling)為尚(shang)書(shu)吏部郎,掌(zhang)詔誥。其(qi)年高祖(zu)率兵誅僧(seng)辯(bian),仍進(jin)討韋載。時任約、徐嗣(si)徽乘虛(xu)襲(xi)石頭,陵(ling)感僧(seng)辯(bian)舊恩,乃往赴約。及(ji)約等(deng)平,高祖(zu)釋陵(ling)不問。尋以為貞(zhen)威將軍、尚(shang)書(shu)左丞。
紹泰二年(nian),又使于齊(qi),還除給事黃門侍(shi)郎、秘書監。高(gao)祖受(shou)禪,加散(san)騎(qi)常侍(shi),左丞如故。天嘉初(chu),除太府卿。四年(nian),遷(qian)五(wu)兵(bing)(bing)尚書,領大(da)著作(zuo)。六(liu)年(nian),除散(san)騎(qi)常侍(shi)、御(yu)史(shi)中丞。時(shi)安(an)成王(wang)(wang)頊為(wei)司空,以帝弟(di)之尊,勢傾朝(chao)野。直兵(bing)(bing)鮑僧叡假王(wang)(wang)威權(quan),抑塞辭訟,大(da)臣莫敢言者。陵(ling)聞之,乃為(wei)奏彈,導從(cong)南臺官屬,引奏案而入。世祖見陵(ling)服章嚴肅(su),若不可犯,為(wei)斂容正坐。陵(ling)進讀奏版時(shi),安(an)成王(wang)(wang)殿(dian)上(shang)侍(shi)立,仰(yang)視世祖,流汗失色。陵(ling)遣殿(dian)中御(yu)史(shi)引王(wang)(wang)下殿(dian),遂劾免侍(shi)中、中書監。自此朝(chao)廷肅(su)然。
天(tian)(tian)康元(yuan)年(nian)(nian),遷吏(li)部(bu)尚書,領大著(zhu)作。陵以(yi)梁末(mo)以(yi)來,選(xuan)授多失其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo),于是提舉綱維,綜核名實。時(shi)有(you)(you)冒進求官,喧競不(bu)已(yi)者,陵乃為書宣示曰(yue):“自(zi)古吏(li)部(bu)尚書者,品藻人(ren)(ren)倫,簡其(qi)(qi)才能,尋其(qi)(qi)門(men)胄(zhou),逐其(qi)(qi)大小,量其(qi)(qi)官爵。梁元(yuan)帝(di)承侯景之兇(xiong)荒,王太(tai)尉接荊(jing)州之禍敗(bai),爾時(shi)喪(sang)亂,無復典章,故使官方,窮(qiong)此紛雜。永(yong)定(ding)之時(shi),圣(sheng)朝草創,干(gan)戈(ge)未(wei)息,亦(yi)無條序(xu)。府庫空虛,賞賜(si)懸乏(fa),白(bai)銀難得(de),黃札易營,權以(yi)官階,代于錢絹,義存撫接,無計(ji)多少(shao),致令員外、常侍(shi),路上(shang)比(bi)肩,咨議、參(can)軍,市中無數,豈(qi)是朝章,應其(qi)(qi)如此?今衣(yi)冠禮樂,日富年(nian)(nian)華,何可猶作舊意,非理望(wang)也。所(suo)(suo)見諸君(jun),多逾(yu)本分,猶言大屈,未(wei)喻高懷。若問梁朝朱領軍異(yi)亦(yi)為卿(qing)相,此不(bu)逾(yu)其(qi)(qi)本分邪?此是天(tian)(tian)子所(suo)(suo)拔,非關(guan)選(xuan)序(xu)。梁武帝(di)云(yun)‘世間(jian)人(ren)(ren)言有(you)(you)目(mu)色(se),我特不(bu)目(mu)色(se)范悌(ti)’。宋文帝(di)亦(yi)云(yun)‘人(ren)(ren)世豈(qi)無運命,每有(you)(you)好官缺,輒憶羊玄保。’此則(ze)清階顯職(zhi),不(bu)由選(xuan)也。秦(qin)有(you)(you)車府令趙(zhao)高直至丞相,漢有(you)(you)高廟令田千(qian)秋(qiu)亦(yi)為丞相,此復可為例邪?既忝衡流,應須粉(fen)墨。所(suo)(suo)望(wang)諸賢(xian),深明(ming)鄙意。”自(zi)是眾(zhong)咸服(fu)焉。時(shi)論比(bi)之毛玠。
廢帝即位,高宗入(ru)輔,謀(mou)黜異志者(zhe),引陵預其議。高宗纂(zuan)歷,封建昌縣侯,邑五百戶。太建元年(nian),除尚(shang)書(shu)右仆(pu)射。三年(nian),遷尚(shang)書(shu)左仆(pu)射,陵抗(kang)表推(tui)周(zhou)(zhou)弘(hong)正、王(wang)勱(mai)等(deng),高宗召(zhao)陵入(ru)內殿,曰(yue):“卿(qing)何為(wei)固辭此(ci)職而舉人乎(hu)?”陵曰(yue):“周(zhou)(zhou)弘(hong)正從陛下西還,舊籓長史,王(wang)勱(mai)太平相府長史,張(zhang)種(zhong)帝鄉賢(xian)戚,若選(xuan)賢(xian)與舊,臣宜居后(hou)。”固辭累日,高宗苦屬之,陵乃奉(feng)詔(zhao)。
及朝議北伐,高宗(zong)(zong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“朕意已決,卿(qing)可舉元帥。”眾議咸以(yi)中(zhong)權將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)淳于量位重,共署推之。陵獨曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“不然。吳明(ming)徹家(jia)在淮左,悉彼(bi)風俗,將(jiang)(jiang)略(lve)人(ren)才,當今亦無過者(zhe)。”于是(shi)爭論(lun)累日(ri)不能決。都官尚(shang)書裴(pei)忌曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“臣同(tong)徐仆射。”陵應聲曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“非但明(ming)徹良將(jiang)(jiang),裴(pei)忌即良副(fu)也。”是(shi)日(ri),詔明(ming)徹為(wei)(wei)大都督(du),令忌監(jian)軍(jun)事(shi),遂克淮南數十(shi)州之地。高宗(zong)(zong)因(yin)置(zhi)(zhi)酒,舉杯屬陵曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“賞卿(qing)知人(ren)。”陵避席對曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“定策出自圣衷,非臣之力也。”其(qi)年(nian)加(jia)侍中(zhong),馀并(bing)如(ru)故(gu)。七年(nian),領國子祭(ji)酒、南徐州大中(zhong)正(zheng)。以(yi)公事(shi)免侍中(zhong)、仆射。尋(xun)加(jia)侍中(zhong),給扶,又除領軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)。八(ba)年(nian),加(jia)翊右(you)(you)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)、太子詹事(shi),置(zhi)(zhi)佐史。俄遷(qian)右(you)(you)光(guang)祿(lu)大夫,馀并(bing)如(ru)故(gu)。十(shi)年(nian),重為(wei)(wei)領軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)。尋(xun)遷(qian)安右(you)(you)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)、丹陽尹。十(shi)三年(nian),為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)書監(jian),領太子詹事(shi),給鼓吹(chui)一部,侍中(zhong)、將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)、右(you)(you)光(guang)祿(lu)、中(zhong)正(zheng)如(ru)故(gu)。陵以(yi)年(nian)老累表求致仕,高宗(zong)(zong)亦優禮之,乃詔將(jiang)(jiang)作為(wei)(wei)造大齋,令陵就第(di)攝事(shi)。
陳后(hou)主即位,遷左(zuo)光(guang)祿(lu)大(da)(da)夫、太子(zi)少傅(fu),馀如(ru)故(gu)。至德元年(nian)卒,時年(nian)七(qi)十七(qi)。詔曰:“慎終有典,抑乃舊章,令德可甄,諒宜追遠。侍(shi)中(zhong)、安右(you)將(jiang)軍(jun)、左(zuo)光(guang)祿(lu)大(da)(da)夫、太子(zi)少傅(fu)、南徐州大(da)(da)中(zhong)正、建(jian)昌縣開國侯陵,弱(ruo)齡學尚,登朝秀穎,業高名輩(bei),文曰詞宗。朕(zhen)近(jin)歲承華,特相(xiang)引狎(xia),雖多臥(wo)疾,方期克壯(zhuang),奄(yan)然殞逝,震(zhen)悼于懷。可贈鎮右(you)將(jiang)軍(jun)、特進,其侍(shi)中(zhong)、左(zuo)光(guang)祿(lu)、鼓吹、侯如(ru)故(gu),并出舉哀,喪事(shi)所(suo)須,量加資給(gei)。謚曰章。”
陵器局深遠(yuan),容止可觀,性(xing)又清簡,無(wu)所(suo)營(ying)樹,祿俸與親族共之(zhi)。太(tai)建中,食建昌邑(yi),邑(yi)戶送米至于(yu)水次,陵親戚有(you)貧匱者(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)令取之(zhi),數日(ri)便盡,陵家(jia)尋(xun)致乏絕。府僚怪(guai)而問其(qi)(qi)故,陵云(yun):“我(wo)有(you)車(che)牛衣(yi)裳(shang)可賣,馀家(jia)有(you)可賣不?”其(qi)(qi)周(zhou)給如此。少(shao)而崇信(xin)釋教,經論(lun)多(duo)所(suo)精解。后(hou)主(zhu)在東宮,令陵講大品(pin)經,義學(xue)名僧(seng),自遠(yuan)云(yun)集(ji),每講筵商較,四(si)座莫能(neng)與抗(kang)。目有(you)青睛,時人以為聰惠之(zhi)相也。自有(you)陳(chen)創(chuang)業,文檄軍書及禪授(shou)詔(zhao)策,皆(jie)(jie)陵所(suo)制,而《九錫》尤美。為一代文宗(zong),亦不以此矜物,未嘗(chang)詆訶作者(zhe)。其(qi)(qi)于(yu)后(hou)進之(zhi)徒,接引無(wu)倦。世祖、高宗(zong)之(zhi)世,國家(jia)有(you)大手(shou)筆,皆(jie)(jie)陵草(cao)之(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)文頗(po)變(bian)舊體,緝裁巧密,多(duo)有(you)新(xin)意(yi)。每一文出手(shou),好事者(zhe)已傳(chuan)寫(xie)成誦,遂被之(zhi)華夷,家(jia)藏(zang)其(qi)(qi)本。后(hou)逢喪(sang)亂,多(duo)散失,存者(zhe)三十卷。有(you)四(si)子:儉,份,儀,僔。