徐(xu)陵(ling)幼小的(de)(de)時候,就被高人(ren)贊(zan)譽為“天上(shang)石麒(qi)麟”、“當世顏回”,他家族成(cheng)(cheng)員都非常剛正嚴肅(su)、又誠懇謙遜。當時朝廷文書制(zhi)度(du),多由徐(xu)陵(ling)寫(xie)成(cheng)(cheng),徐(xu)陵(ling)在朝廷上(shang)彈劾陳(chen)(chen)文帝(di)(世祖(zu))陳(chen)(chen)蒨的(de)(de)弟(di)弟(di)安成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)陳(chen)(chen)頊(后(hou)來的(de)(de)陳(chen)(chen)宣(xuan)帝(di))手(shou)下的(de)(de)權臣鮑僧叡以及(ji)侍中(zhong)、中(zhong)書監等人(ren),慷慨陳(chen)(chen)詞,正氣(qi)凜(lin)然,連(lian)陳(chen)(chen)世祖(zu)自己都整理衣(yi)冠、嚴肅(su)正座,安成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)大(da)汗淋漓、驚慌失色,徐(xu)陵(ling)讓人(ren)扶(fu)著安成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)回去。他以一身(shen)浩氣(qi)扳倒了國(guo)蠹,從此以后(hou)朝廷為之肅(su)然。
公元(yuan)569年,他參與罷黜(chu)了(le)廢帝(di)陳(chen)伯宗,扶立了(le)陳(chen)宣(xuan)帝(di)(高(gao)宗),被(bei)封為(wei)建昌縣侯(hou),皇(huang)帝(di)讓他擔任(ren)尚書(shu)左仆射、吏部尚書(shu)等,他多(duo)次(ci)進行推(tui)辭,皇(huang)帝(di)為(wei)之動容。后來朝(chao)廷決定北伐軍(jun)統(tong)帥(shuai)人選(xuan),也(ye)是(shi)他一(yi)言九鼎(ding),否定了(le)許多(duo)人推(tui)舉的(de)淳于量(liang),獨力推(tui)薦(jian)更合適的(de)名將(jiang)吳明(ming)(ming)徹擔綱,事實證明(ming)(ming)他的(de)正確。皇(huang)帝(di)曾多(duo)次(ci)贊揚他獨具(ju)慧(hui)眼、知人善(shan)任(ren)。他的(de)詩(shi)歌、文集當時被(bei)大家爭先收(shou)藏。
徐(xu)(xu)陵(ling)(ling),字(zi)孝穆,東(dong)海(hai)郯(今(jin)山東(dong)郯城)人。父摛,梁(liang)(liang)戎昭將軍、太(tai)子左(zuo)(zuo)衛率(lv)。時寶志上(shang)人有(you)(you)道,陵(ling)(ling)年(nian)數歲(sui)(sui),寶志手(shou)(shou)摩其(qi)頂,曰:“天上(shang)石麒(qi)麟也。”光宅惠云(yun)法師每嗟(jie)陵(ling)(ling)早成就,謂(wei)之(zhi)顏回。八歲(sui)(sui)能屬文,十二(er)通(tong)(tong)(tong)《莊》《老》義。既長,博涉(she)史籍,縱橫(heng)有(you)(you)口辯(bian)。梁(liang)(liang)普通(tong)(tong)(tong)二(er)年(nian)(五(wu)二(er)一(yi)年(nian)),參晉安王(wang)寧蠻府軍事。中(zhong)大(da)(da)通(tong)(tong)(tong)三年(nian)(五(wu)三一(yi)年(nian)),王(wang)立為皇太(tai)子,東(dong)宮(gong)置學士,陵(ling)(ling)充其(qi)選。歷(li)尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)支郎、通(tong)(tong)(tong)直散(san)騎(qi)(qi)常(chang)侍(shi)。及(ji)侯景(jing)寇京師,摛因感氣疾而(er)卒,陵(ling)(ling)蔬食(shi)布衣,若居(ju)憂(you)恤。及(ji)江(jiang)陵(ling)(ling)陷,太(tai)尉(wei)王(wang)僧(seng)辯(bian)接(jie)待饋遺,其(qi)禮(li)甚優(you)。以(yi)(yi)陵(ling)(ling)為尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)吏部郎,掌詔誥。陳霸先率(lv)兵(bing)誅僧(seng)辯(bian),釋陵(ling)(ling)不(bu)(bu)問。尋(xun)除貞威將軍、尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)左(zuo)(zuo)丞、給(gei)事黃門侍(shi)郎、秘書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)監。霸先受禪(chan)(chan)為陳高祖,加(jia)散(san)騎(qi)(qi)常(chang)侍(shi),左(zuo)(zuo)丞如故。歷(li)太(tai)府卿、五(wu)兵(bing)尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、散(san)騎(qi)(qi)常(chang)侍(shi)、御史中(zhong)丞、吏部尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),領大(da)(da)著作。陵(ling)(ling)以(yi)(yi)梁(liang)(liang)末以(yi)(yi)來,選授多失(shi)其(qi)所(suo),於(wu)(wu)是(shi)提舉綱(gang)維(wei),綜核(he)名(ming)實,眾咸服焉。后(hou)主即位,嘗佐吳(wu),遂(sui)家(jia)姑蘇(su)。遷左(zuo)(zuo)光祿大(da)(da)夫、太(tai)子少(shao)傅。后(hou)主好(hao)(hao)與(yu)嬪(pin)妃為艷詞,示陵(ling)(ling),陵(ling)(ling)曰:“皆不(bu)(bu)達(da)辭也。”后(hou)主銜(xian)之(zhi)。尋(xun)卒,年(nian)七(qi)十七(qi)。詔曰:“陵(ling)(ling)弱(ruo)齡學尚(shang),登朝秀穎(ying),業(ye)高名(ming)輩,文曰詞宗(zong)(zong)。”贈鎮右將軍、特進,謚曰章(zhang)。陵(ling)(ling)器局深(shen)遠(yuan),容(rong)止可觀(guan),性又(you)清簡,無(wu)所(suo)營樹(shu),祿俸與(yu)親族共之(zhi)。太(tai)建(jian)中(zhong),食(shi)建(jian)昌邑,邑戶送米(mi)至於(wu)(wu)水次(ci),陵(ling)(ling)親戚有(you)(you)貧匱(kui)者(zhe),皆令取之(zhi),數日(ri)便盡,陵(ling)(ling)家(jia)尋(xun)致乏絕。府僚怪而(er)問其(qi)故,陵(ling)(ling)云(yun):“我有(you)(you)車牛(niu)衣裳可賣,余家(jia)有(you)(you)可賣不(bu)(bu)?”其(qi)周給(gei)如此(ci)。少(shao)崇(chong)信釋教,經論多所(suo)精解。后(hou)主在東(dong)宮(gong),令陵(ling)(ling)講《大(da)(da)品(pin)經》,義學名(ming)僧(seng),自遠(yuan)云(yun)集,每講筵商較,四座莫能與(yu)抗。目有(you)(you)青睛(jing),時人以(yi)(yi)為聰惠之(zhi)相也。自有(you)(you)陳創業(ye),文檄軍書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)及(ji)禪(chan)(chan)授詔策,皆陵(ling)(ling)所(suo)制(zhi),而(er)《九錫(xi)》尤美(mei)。為一(yi)代文宗(zong)(zong),亦不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)此(ci)矜物,未嘗詆訶作者(zhe)。其(qi)於(wu)(wu)后(hou)進之(zhi)徒,接(jie)引無(wu)倦。文帝(di)、宣(xuan)帝(di)之(zhi)世,國(guo)家(jia)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)手(shou)(shou)筆,皆陵(ling)(ling)草之(zhi)。其(qi)文頗變舊(jiu)體,輯裁巧密(mi),多有(you)(you)新意(yi)。每一(yi)文出手(shou)(shou),好(hao)(hao)事者(zhe)已傳寫成誦,遂(sui)被之(zhi)華夷(yi),家(jia)藏其(qi)本。后(hou)逢喪亂,多散(san)失(shi)。與(yu)庾(yu)信齊名(ming),并稱徐(xu)(xu)庾(yu)。今(jin)存(cun)《徐(xu)(xu)孝穆集》六卷。嘗輯《玉臺新詠》十卷,錄東(dong)周至梁(liang)(liang)詩凡七(qi)百六十九篇,《陌上(shang)桑(sang)》《孔雀東(dong)南飛》《上(shang)山采蘼(mi)蕪》等賴以(yi)(yi)存(cun)傳。
今存《徐孝穆(mu)集》6卷和(he)《玉臺新(xin)詠》10卷。
《玉(yu)臺(tai)新(xin)詠(yong)》是徐陵(ling)在梁中(zhong)葉時(shi)選編的一(yi)部詩(shi)歌(ge)(ge)總集。有(you)人(ren)(ren)懷(huai)疑此書(shu)非徐陵(ling)所編,而(er)出(chu)(chu)于稍后之人(ren)(ren)但此說尚不(bu)足以(yi)成定論(lun)。《玉(yu)臺(tai)新(xin)詠(yong)》收(shou)入東周至梁詩(shi)歌(ge)(ge)共(gong)690篇。據近(jin)人(ren)(ren)考證,系(xi)專為(wei)(wei)梁元(yuan)帝蕭繹的徐妃排憂遣悶而(er)編。在取材上(shang)(shang),以(yi)“選錄(lu)(lu)艷歌(ge)(ge)”為(wei)(wei)宗旨(《玉(yu)臺(tai)新(xin)詠(yong)序(xu)》),主要收(shou)男女(nv)閨情(qing)之作(zuo),大體不(bu)出(chu)(chu)離愁別恨、傷遇感時(shi)、中(zhong)道棄捐(juan)等(deng)(deng)類(lei),范圍比較狹(xia)窄。但其中(zhong)也收(shou)入了不(bu)少感情(qing)真摯(zhi)并(bing)具有(you)現實意義(yi)的詩(shi)篇,如漢樂府民(min)歌(ge)(ge)《陌上(shang)(shang)桑》,中(zhong)國古代(dai)長篇敘事(shi)詩(shi)《為(wei)(wei)焦仲卿妻作(zuo)》(又名《孔雀東南飛》)、《上(shang)(shang)山采(cai)蘼蕪》等(deng)(deng)。這(zhe)些(xie)詩(shi)表現出(chu)(chu)真摯(zhi)愛情(qing)和婦女(nv)的痛(tong)苦,說明(ming)《玉(yu)臺(tai)新(xin)詠(yong)》所錄(lu)(lu)詩(shi)作(zuo)并(bing)非全是艷情(qing)詩(shi)。而(er)這(zhe)些(xie)民(min)間文學(xue)作(zuo)品都不(bu)見于蕭統的《文選》,乃經《玉(yu)臺(tai)新(xin)詠(yong)》的保存而(er)得以(yi)流傳(chuan)。注本有(you)清代(dai)紀容舒的《玉(yu)臺(tai)新(xin)詠(yong)考異》等(deng)(deng)。
《陳書(shu) 卷二十六 列傳(chuan)第二十》
徐(xu)陵(ling),字孝穆,東海郯(tan)人也(ye)。祖(zu)超之(zhi),南(nan)齊郁(yu)林(lin)太守,梁員(yuan)外散騎常侍(shi)。父(fu)摛(chi),梁戎昭將軍、太子左衛率(lv),贈侍(shi)中、太子詹事,謚貞子。母臧氏(shi),嘗夢五色云化而為鳳,集左肩上,已而誕(dan)陵(ling)焉。時寶(bao)志(zhi)上人者,世稱其(qi)(qi)有道,陵(ling)年數歲,家人攜以候之(zhi),寶(bao)志(zhi)手摩其(qi)(qi)頂(ding),曰(yue):“天上石麒麟也(ye)。”光宅(zhai)惠云法(fa)師每嗟陵(ling)早成就,謂(wei)之(zhi)顏回。八歲能屬文,十二通《莊》、《老》義。既長,博涉史籍,縱橫有口辯。
梁(liang)普通(tong)二(er)年,晉安王(wang)為(wei)(wei)平西將軍(jun)(jun)、寧(ning)蠻校尉,父摛(chi)為(wei)(wei)王(wang)咨議,王(wang)又引陵(ling)(ling)(ling)參寧(ning)蠻府軍(jun)(jun)事。中大通(tong)三年,王(wang)立為(wei)(wei)皇太子,東(dong)宮置學士,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)充其選。稍遷(qian)尚書度支(zhi)郎(lang)。出為(wei)(wei)上(shang)虞(yu)令(ling),御史中丞劉孝(xiao)儀與(yu)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)先有隙,風聞劾(he)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)在(zai)縣贓污,因(yin)坐免。久之,起為(wei)(wei)南(nan)平王(wang)府行參軍(jun)(jun),遷(qian)通(tong)直散騎侍(shi)郎(lang)。梁(liang)簡文在(zai)東(dong)宮撰《長(chang)春殿(dian)義記》,使陵(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)序。又令(ling)于少傅府述(shu)所制《莊子義》。尋遷(qian)鎮西湘東(dong)王(wang)中記室(shi)參軍(jun)(jun)。
太清二(er)年,兼通(tong)直散騎常(chang)侍。使魏,魏人授館(guan)宴(yan)賓。是日甚(shen)熱,其主客魏收嘲陵曰:“今日之熱,當由徐(xu)常(chang)侍來。”陵即答曰:“昔王肅至此(ci),為魏始(shi)制禮(li)儀;今我來聘,使卿復知寒暑。”收大(da)慚。
及侯景(jing)寇京師,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)父摛先(xian)在(zai)圍城之內,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)不(bu)奉(feng)家(jia)信(xin),便蔬(shu)食布衣(yi),若居憂恤。會齊(qi)受魏(wei)禪,梁(liang)元帝(di)承制于江陵(ling)(ling)(ling),復通使(shi)于齊(qi)。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)累(lei)求復命(ming),終拘(ju)留(liu)不(bu)遣,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)乃致書于仆(pu)射楊遵彥曰:
夫一言所感,凝暉(hui)照于(yu)魯陽,一志(zhi)冥通(tong),飛泉涌(yong)于(yu)疏(shu)勒,況復元(yuan)首康(kang)哉,股(gu)肱良(liang)哉,鄰國相(xiang)聞,風教相(xiang)期者也!天道(dao)窮剝,鐘亂本朝,情(qing)計(ji)馳惶,公私哽懼,而骸骨之請(qing),徒淹歲寒(han),顛(dian)沛之祈,空盈卷軸,是所不圖也,非所仰望也。
執(zhi)事不(bu)聞之(zhi)乎:昔分鰲命績之(zhi)世,觀(guan)河拜洛之(zhi)年,則(ze)有日烏流(liu)災,風禽騁(cheng)暴,天傾西北,地缺東南,盛(sheng)旱坼三川,長波含五岳。我大梁應金(jin)圖而(er)有亢,纂玉鏡(jing)而(er)猶屯。何則(ze)?圣人不(bu)能(neng)為(wei)時,斯固(gu)窮通之(zhi)恒理也。至如荊(jing)州(zhou)刺(ci)史湘東王,機神之(zhi)本(ben),無寄名言,陶(tao)鑄(zhu)之(zhi)馀,猶為(wei)堯、舜,雖復六代之(zhi)舞,陳于總章,九州(zhou)之(zhi)歌,登于司樂,虞夔拊石,晉曠調鐘,未足頌此英聲,無以宣其盛(sheng)德者也。若使郊禋(yin)楚翼,寧非祀夏(xia)之(zhi)君,戡定艱(jian)難,便是匡周之(zhi)霸,豈徒豳王徙雍,期(qi)月為(wei)都,姚(yao)帝遷河,周年成(cheng)邑(yi)。方今越常藐(miao)藐(miao),馴雉北飛(fei),肅纻茫茫,風牛南偃,吾君之(zhi)子(zi),含識知歸(gui),而(er)答旨云(yun)何所投(tou)身,斯其未喻一也。
又晉熙(xi)等郡,皆(jie)入(ru)貴朝,去我(wo)(wo)尋陽,經途何幾。至于(yu)(yu)鐺鐺曉漏,的的宵烽,隔溆浦而(er)相聞,臨高臺而(er)可望(wang)。泉(quan)流寶(bao)碗,遙憶(yi)湓城(cheng),峰號香(xiang)爐,依然(ran)(ran)廬岳(yue)。日者鄱陽嗣(si)王(wang)治兵匯派,屯戍淪波,朝夕箋書,春秋方物,吾無(wu)從(cong)以躡屩,彼何路而(er)齊(qi)鑣(biao)。豈其然(ran)(ran)乎?斯不然(ran)(ran)矣。又近(jin)者邵(shao)陵王(wang)通和此國(guo),郢中上客,云(yun)聚魏都,鄴(ye)下名卿,風馳江浦,豈盧龍之(zhi)徑于(yu)(yu)彼新開,銅駝之(zhi)街于(yu)(yu)我(wo)(wo)長(chang)閉?何彼途甚易(yi),非(fei)勞于(yu)(yu)五丁,我(wo)(wo)路為(wei)難,如登于(yu)(yu)九折?地不私載,何其爽(shuang)歟?而(er)答旨云(yun)還路無(wu)從(cong),斯所(suo)未喻二也。
晉熙(xi)、廬(lu)江,義陽(yang)、安(an)陸(lu),皆云(yun)款附,非(fei)(fei)復危邦,計彼中(zhong)途,便當靜晏,自(zi)斯(si)(si)(si)以(yi)北,桴鼓不鳴,自(zi)此以(yi)南,封疆未(wei)壹。如(ru)其境外,脫(tuo)殞(yun)輕軀,幸非(fei)(fei)邊(bian)吏之(zhi)羞(xiu),何在匹夫之(zhi)命。又(you)此賓游,通(tong)無(wu)貨殖,忝非(fei)(fei)韓起(qi)聘鄭(zheng),私買玉(yu)環(huan),吳札過徐(xu),躬要寶劍。由來宴錫,凡(fan)厥囊裝,行役淹留,皆已虛罄,散有(you)限之(zhi)微(wei)財,供無(wu)期之(zhi)久(jiu)客,斯(si)(si)(si)可(ke)知矣(yi)(yi)。且據圖刎首,愚(yu)者(zhe)不為,運斧全身,庸流所鑒。何則(ze)?生(sheng)輕一發,自(zi)重(zhong)千鈞(jun),不以(yi)賈盜(dao)明矣(yi)(yi)。骨肉不任充鼎俎,皮毛(mao)不足入貨財,盜(dao)有(you)道焉,吾無(wu)憂(you)矣(yi)(yi)。又(you)公家遣使,脫(tuo)有(you)資須,本朝(chao)非(fei)(fei)隆(long)平之(zhi)時,游客豈皇華之(zhi)勢。輕裝獨宿,非(fei)(fei)勞聚(ju)橐(tuo)之(zhi)儀,微(wei)騎閑行,寧(ning)望輶軒之(zhi)禮。歸人將從,私具驢騾,緣(yuan)道亭郵,唯希蔬粟(su)。若曰(yue)留之(zhi)無(wu)煩于執(zhi)事,遣之(zhi)有(you)費于官司(si),或(huo)(huo)以(yi)顛沛為言,或(huo)(huo)云(yun)資裝可(ke)懼,固非(fei)(fei)通(tong)論,皆是(shi)外篇。斯(si)(si)(si)所未(wei)喻三也(ye)。
又(you)(you)若以(yi)吾(wu)徒(tu)應還侯景(jing),侯景(jing)兇逆,殲我國家,天下含(han)靈,人(ren)(ren)懷(huai)憤厲(li),既不(bu)獲投(tou)身社稷,衛難乘(cheng)輿,四(si)冢磔(zhe)蚩尤(you),千刀(dao)剸王莽,安所謂俯首頓膝,歸奉寇仇(chou),佩弭(mi)腰鞬,為(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)皁隸?日者通和,方敦曩睦,兇人(ren)(ren)狙詐,遂駭狼心,頗疑宋萬之(zhi)誅,彌懼荀干之(zhi)請,所以(yi)奔蹄(ti)勁角,專恣(zi)憑陵,凡我行人(ren)(ren),偏膺仇(chou)憾。政復俎筋醢(hai)骨,抽舌探肝,于彼兇情,猶(you)當未雪,海(hai)內之(zhi)所知(zhi)也(ye),君侯之(zhi)所具(ju)焉。又(you)(you)聞本朝公(gong)主,都人(ren)(ren)士女,風行雨散,東播(bo)西流,京邑丘墟,奸蓬蕭瑟,偃師還望,咸為(wei)草萊(lai),霸陵回首,俱沾(zhan)霜(shuang)露,此又(you)(you)君之(zhi)所知(zhi)也(ye)。彼以(yi)何義(yi),爭免寇仇(chou)?我以(yi)何親(qin),爭歸委質?昔鉅平貴將,懸重于陸公(gong),叔向名流,深知(zhi)于鬷篾。吾(wu)雖不(bu)敏,常慕前修,不(bu)圖明庶有懷(huai),翻其(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)此量(liang)物。昔魏氏將亡,群兇挺爭,諸賢戮力,想得其(qi)(qi)(qi)朋(peng)。為(wei)葛榮之(zhi)黨(dang)邪?為(wei)邢杲(gao)之(zhi)徒(tu)邪?如曰不(bu)然,斯所未喻(yu)四(si)也(ye)。
假使吾徒(tu)還為(wei)(wei)兇黨,侯(hou)景生于(yu)趙代,家(jia)自(zi)幽恒,居則(ze)(ze)臺司,行為(wei)(wei)連率(lv),山川形勢,軍國彝章(zhang),不(bu)勞請箸(zhu)為(wei)(wei)籌,便當屈指能算。景以逋逃小丑,羊豕(shi)同(tong)群,身寓江皋,家(jia)留河朔,舂(chong)舂(chong)井(jing)井(jing),如(ru)鬼如(ru)神。其(qi)不(bu)然乎?抑又君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所知也。且夫宮闈秘事(shi),并若云霄,英俊訏謨(mo),寧(ning)非帷(wei)幄,或(huo)陽驚(jing)以定策,或(huo)焚藁(gao)而奏書,朝廷(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,猶難參預,羈(ji)旅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,何階(jie)耳(er)目。至于(yu)禮(li)樂沿革(ge),刑政寬猛,則(ze)(ze)謳歌(ge)已遠,萬舞成風,不(bu)知手(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蹈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。安在搖其(qi)牙(ya)齒(chi),為(wei)(wei)間諜者哉?若謂(wei)復命西朝,終奔東虜,雖齊、梁有隔,尉候(hou)奚殊?豈以河曲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難浮,而曰江關之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可濟?河橋馬(ma)度,寧(ning)非宋典之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奸?關路(lu)雞(ji)鳴,皆(jie)曰田文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)客(ke)。何其(qi)通(tong)蔽,乃爾相妨?斯(si)所未喻五也。
又兵交(jiao)使(shi)在(zai),雖(sui)著(zhu)前經,儻(tang)同徇仆之(zhi)尤(you),追肆(si)寒(han)山(shan)之(zhi)怒,則凡諸元帥,并(bing)釋縲囚,爰及偏裨,同無(wu)(wu)翦馘。乃至鐘(zhong)儀見(jian)赦(she),朋笑遵途(tu),襄老蒙歸(gui),《虞歌》引路。吾(wu)等張旜拭(shi)玉,修(xiu)好(hao)尋(xun)盟,涉泗(si)之(zhi)與(yu)浮河,郊勞至于贈賄,公(gong)恩既被,賓敬無(wu)(wu)違,今(jin)者何愆,翻蒙貶(bian)責(ze)?若以此為(wei)言,斯所未喻(yu)六也。
若(ruo)曰妖氛永久,喪亂悠然,哀(ai)我奔波,存其形魄(po),固已銘(ming)茲厚德,戴(dai)此(ci)洪恩,譬渤澥(xie)而俱(ju)深(shen),方嵩、華而猶重。但山梁飲啄,非有意(yi)于籠樊(fan),江海飛(fei)浮,本無情于鐘鼓。況吾(wu)等營魂已謝,馀(yu)息(xi)空留(liu),悲默為(wei)生,何能支(zhi)久,是則雖蒙(meng)養(yang)護,更夭(yao)天年。若(ruo)以此(ci)為(wei)言,斯所未(wei)喻(yu)七(qi)也(ye)。
若(ruo)云逆豎殲(jian)夷,當聽反命(ming),高(gao)軒繼路(lu),飛蓋(gai)相隨(sui),未(wei)解(jie)其言(yan),何能善(shan)謔?夫屯亨治(zhi)亂(luan),豈有(you)(you)意(yi)于(yu)前期。謝常(chang)侍今(jin)年五十(shi)有(you)(you)一,吾今(jin)年四(si)十(shi)有(you)(you)四(si),介(jie)已知(zhi)命(ming),賓又杖鄉,計彼侯生(sheng),肩隨(sui)而(er)已。豈銀臺之要,彼未(wei)從師,金灶之方,吾知(zhi)其決(jue),政恐南陽(yang)菊水,竟不延(yan)齡(ling),東海桑田,無由可(ke)望。若(ruo)以(yi)此(ci)為言(yan),斯所未(wei)喻八也。
足下(xia)清襟(jin)勝(sheng)托,書囿文林,凡自洪荒,終乎幽(you)、厲(li),如吾今日,寧有其人,爰(yuan)至(zhi)《春秋》,微宜商(shang)略(lve)。夫(fu)宗姬殄(tian)墜,霸(ba)道昏兇,或(huo)執政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)多門,或(huo)陪臣之(zhi)(zhi)涼德(de),故臧(zang)孫有禮(li),翻囚與國之(zhi)(zhi)賓,周伯無愆,空怒天王之(zhi)(zhi)使,遷(qian)箕卿于兩(liang)館,縶驥子于三年(nian)。斯匪貪亂之(zhi)(zhi)風邪?寧當(dang)今之(zhi)(zhi)高例也?至(zhi)于雙崤且(qie)帝,四(si)海(hai)爭雄,或(huo)構(gou)趙而侵燕,或(huo)連韓(han)而謀魏,身求盟于楚(chu)殿,躬奪璧于秦(qin)庭,輸寶鼎以(yi)托齊(qi)王,馳(chi)安(an)車而誘梁客。其外(wai)膏脣販舌,分路揚鑣,無罪無辜(gu),如兄如弟。逮(dai)乎中陽受命,天下(xia)同(tong)規,巡省諸華,無聞幽(you)辱。及三方之(zhi)(zhi)霸(ba)也,孫甘言以(yi)娬媚,曹屈詐以(yi)羈縻,旍軫歲到于句吳,冠蓋年(nian)馳(chi)于庸(yong)蜀,則客嘲殊險,賓戲已(yi)深(shen),共盡游談,誰云猜(cai)忤,若使搜求故實,脫有前蹤,恐是叔世之(zhi)(zhi)奸(jian)謀,而非為邦之(zhi)(zhi)勝(sheng)略(lve)也。
抑又聞(wen)之(zhi)(zhi),云師(shi)火帝,澆(jiao)淳(chun)乃異(yi)其風,龍躍(yue)麟驚,王(wang)霸雖殊其道(dao)(dao),莫不(bu)崇君親以(yi)銘物,敦敬養以(yi)治民,預有邦司(si),曾(ceng)無隆替。吾奉違溫清,仍屬亂離,寇(kou)虜猖狂,公(gong)私(si)播越。蕭軒靡御,王(wang)舫誰(shui)持?瞻望(wang)鄉關,何心天地?自非(fei)生憑(ping)廩竹,源出空(kong)桑,行路含情,猶其相愍(min)。常謂擇官而(er)仕,非(fei)曰孝(xiao)家,擇事而(er)趨,非(fei)云忠(zhong)國。況乎欽承有道(dao)(dao),驂(can)駕(jia)前王(wang),郎吏(li)明經,鴟鳶知禮,巡省(sheng)方(fang)化,咸問(wen)高年(nian),東(dong)序西膠(jiao),皆(jie)尊耆耋(die)。吾以(yi)圭璋(zhang)玉帛,通聘來朝,屬世道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)屯期(qi),鐘(zhong)生民之(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)運,兼(jian)年(nian)累載,無申元直之(zhi)(zhi)祈(qi),銜泣吞聲,長對公(gong)閭之(zhi)(zhi)怒,情禮之(zhi)(zhi)訴,將同逆鱗,忠(zhong)孝(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)言,皆(jie)應齚舌,是所(suo)不(bu)圖也,非(fei)所(suo)仰望(wang)也。
且天倫之(zhi)愛(ai),何得忘懷?妻(qi)子之(zhi)情,誰能無累?夫以清河公主之(zhi)貴,馀姚書佐之(zhi)家(jia),莫限高卑,皆(jie)被(bei)驅略。自(zi)東(dong)南丑虜,抄販饑民,臺署郎官,俱(ju)餒(nei)墻壁,況(kuang)吾生離(li)死別,多歷暄寒,孀室嬰兒,何可(ke)言念。如得身還(huan)鄉(xiang)土(tu),躬自(zi)推(tui)求(qiu),猶(you)冀提攜,俱(ju)免兇(xiong)虐。
夫四(si)聰不達,華陽君(jun)所(suo)謂亂臣(chen),百姓(xing)無(wu)冤,孫叔敖稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)良相。足下高才重譽,參贊經綸,非(fei)(fei)豹(bao)非(fei)(fei)貔,聞《詩》聞《禮》,而中朝(chao)(chao)大議,曾未矜論(lun),清(qing)禁嘉謀(mou),安能相及,諤諤非(fei)(fei)周舍,容容類胡廣,何(he)其(qi)(qi)無(wu)諍臣(chen)哉(zai)?歲月(yue)如流,平生何(he)幾,晨看(kan)旅雁(yan),心(xin)赴江(jiang)、淮,昏望牽牛,情馳揚、越,朝(chao)(chao)千悲而掩泣,夜萬緒而回腸,不自知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)生,不自知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)死(si)也。足下素(su)挺詞鋒,兼長(chang)理窟,匡丞(cheng)相解頤之(zhi)(zhi)說,樂(le)令君(jun)清(qing)耳之(zhi)(zhi)談,向所(suo)咨疑(yi),誰能曉(xiao)喻(yu)。若(ruo)鄙言(yan)為(wei)(wei)謬(miu),來旨必通,分請灰(hui)釘,甘從斧(fu)鑊,何(he)但規(gui)規(gui)默(mo)默(mo),齰(cuo)舌低頭(tou)而已哉(zai)。若(ruo)一理存焉,猶(you)希矜眷,何(he)必期令我等必死(si)齊都,足趙、魏之(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)塵,加(jia)幽(you)、并之(zhi)(zhi)片骨,遂(sui)使東平拱樹,長(chang)懷(huai)向漢之(zhi)(zhi)悲,西(xi)洛孤(gu)墳,恒表思鄉之(zhi)(zhi)夢。干祈以屢(lv),哽(geng)慟增深(shen)。
遵彥竟不(bu)報書。及(ji)(ji)江陵陷,齊送貞陽侯蕭(xiao)淵(yuan)明(ming)為(wei)(wei)梁嗣(si),乃(nai)遣(qian)陵隨還。太尉王(wang)僧辯初(chu)拒境(jing)不(bu)納,淵(yuan)明(ming)往復致書,皆陵詞(ci)也。及(ji)(ji)淵(yuan)明(ming)之入,僧辯得(de)陵大喜,接待(dai)饋遺,其(qi)禮甚優(you)。以陵為(wei)(wei)尚書吏部(bu)郎(lang),掌詔誥(gao)。其(qi)年(nian)高祖(zu)率兵誅僧辯,仍進討韋載。時任約、徐嗣(si)徽乘虛襲石(shi)頭,陵感僧辯舊恩(en),乃(nai)往赴約。及(ji)(ji)約等平,高祖(zu)釋(shi)陵不(bu)問。尋以為(wei)(wei)貞威將(jiang)軍、尚書左丞。
紹泰二年,又使于齊,還除(chu)給事黃門侍(shi)(shi)郎(lang)、秘書(shu)監(jian)。高(gao)祖受禪,加(jia)散騎(qi)常侍(shi)(shi),左丞如故。天(tian)嘉初,除(chu)太府(fu)卿(qing)。四年,遷五(wu)兵(bing)尚書(shu),領大著作(zuo)。六(liu)年,除(chu)散騎(qi)常侍(shi)(shi)、御史(shi)中丞。時(shi)安(an)(an)成(cheng)王頊(xu)為司空,以帝弟之(zhi)尊,勢傾(qing)朝(chao)野。直(zhi)兵(bing)鮑僧叡假王威權(quan),抑塞辭訟,大臣莫(mo)敢言者。陵(ling)聞(wen)之(zhi),乃為奏彈(dan),導從南臺官屬(shu),引奏案而入。世祖見陵(ling)服(fu)章嚴(yan)肅,若不(bu)可(ke)犯,為斂容正坐。陵(ling)進(jin)讀奏版時(shi),安(an)(an)成(cheng)王殿上侍(shi)(shi)立(li),仰視(shi)世祖,流(liu)汗失色(se)。陵(ling)遣殿中御史(shi)引王下殿,遂劾免侍(shi)(shi)中、中書(shu)監(jian)。自(zi)此朝(chao)廷肅然。
天康元年,遷吏(li)部尚(shang)書(shu),領大(da)著(zhu)作(zuo)。陵(ling)(ling)以(yi)梁(liang)(liang)末以(yi)來,選(xuan)授(shou)多(duo)失其(qi)所(suo),于(yu)(yu)是(shi)提(ti)舉綱維(wei),綜核名實。時(shi)(shi)有(you)冒進求官(guan)(guan),喧競不(bu)已者,陵(ling)(ling)乃為(wei)書(shu)宣示曰:“自(zi)古吏(li)部尚(shang)書(shu)者,品藻人倫,簡其(qi)才能,尋其(qi)門胄,逐其(qi)大(da)小,量(liang)其(qi)官(guan)(guan)爵。梁(liang)(liang)元帝(di)承侯景之(zhi)(zhi)兇荒(huang),王太尉接(jie)荊州之(zhi)(zhi)禍敗,爾時(shi)(shi)喪亂,無(wu)復(fu)典章,故使官(guan)(guan)方,窮此(ci)紛雜(za)。永定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi),圣朝(chao)草(cao)創,干戈(ge)未息,亦無(wu)條序。府(fu)庫空虛,賞賜懸乏,白銀難得,黃札易營(ying),權以(yi)官(guan)(guan)階(jie),代于(yu)(yu)錢絹,義(yi)存撫接(jie),無(wu)計(ji)多(duo)少,致令員外、常侍(shi),路上比肩,咨議(yi)、參軍(jun),市中無(wu)數,豈是(shi)朝(chao)章,應其(qi)如此(ci)?今衣(yi)冠(guan)禮樂(le),日(ri)富年華,何(he)可(ke)猶作(zuo)舊意,非理望(wang)也。所(suo)見諸君,多(duo)逾(yu)本分,猶言(yan)(yan)大(da)屈(qu),未喻高懷(huai)。若問梁(liang)(liang)朝(chao)朱領軍(jun)異亦為(wei)卿(qing)相(xiang),此(ci)不(bu)逾(yu)其(qi)本分邪?此(ci)是(shi)天子所(suo)拔,非關選(xuan)序。梁(liang)(liang)武帝(di)云‘世(shi)間人言(yan)(yan)有(you)目(mu)(mu)色,我特(te)不(bu)目(mu)(mu)色范悌(ti)’。宋(song)文(wen)帝(di)亦云‘人世(shi)豈無(wu)運命,每有(you)好(hao)官(guan)(guan)缺,輒憶羊玄保(bao)。’此(ci)則(ze)清階(jie)顯(xian)職,不(bu)由選(xuan)也。秦有(you)車府(fu)令趙(zhao)高直至(zhi)丞相(xiang),漢有(you)高廟令田千秋亦為(wei)丞相(xiang),此(ci)復(fu)可(ke)為(wei)例邪?既忝衡流,應須(xu)粉(fen)墨。所(suo)望(wang)諸賢,深明鄙意。”自(zi)是(shi)眾咸(xian)服焉(yan)。時(shi)(shi)論(lun)比之(zhi)(zhi)毛玠。
廢帝即位,高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)入輔(fu),謀黜(chu)異志者,引陵(ling)(ling)預其議(yi)。高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)纂歷,封(feng)建昌縣(xian)侯,邑五百戶。太(tai)建元年,除尚(shang)書右仆射(she)。三(san)年,遷尚(shang)書左仆射(she),陵(ling)(ling)抗表(biao)推周(zhou)弘正、王勱等(deng),高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)召陵(ling)(ling)入內殿,曰(yue)(yue):“卿何為固辭此職而舉人乎?”陵(ling)(ling)曰(yue)(yue):“周(zhou)弘正從陛下西還,舊(jiu)(jiu)籓長史,王勱太(tai)平相府長史,張種(zhong)帝鄉賢戚,若選賢與舊(jiu)(jiu),臣宜居后。”固辭累日,高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)苦屬之,陵(ling)(ling)乃奉詔。
及朝(chao)議北伐(fa),高宗(zong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“朕意已決,卿可舉(ju)元帥。”眾議咸以中(zhong)(zhong)權將(jiang)(jiang)軍淳于量位重,共署推(tui)之(zhi)。陵獨曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“不然。吳明徹家在淮(huai)左,悉彼風俗,將(jiang)(jiang)略人(ren)才,當今亦無過(guo)者。”于是(shi)(shi)爭論累(lei)日(ri)不能決。都官(guan)尚書裴忌曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“臣(chen)同徐(xu)(xu)仆射(she)。”陵應(ying)聲(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“非但明徹良將(jiang)(jiang),裴忌即良副也。”是(shi)(shi)日(ri),詔明徹為大都督,令忌監軍事(shi),遂克淮(huai)南(nan)數(shu)十(shi)(shi)州之(zhi)地(di)。高宗(zong)因置酒,舉(ju)杯屬陵曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“賞(shang)卿知人(ren)。”陵避席(xi)對曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“定(ding)策出自(zi)圣衷,非臣(chen)之(zhi)力也。”其年(nian)加侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),馀并如故。七年(nian),領國(guo)子祭酒、南(nan)徐(xu)(xu)州大中(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)。以公事(shi)免侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)、仆射(she)。尋加侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),給扶,又除領軍將(jiang)(jiang)軍。八年(nian),加翊右將(jiang)(jiang)軍、太(tai)子詹事(shi),置佐史。俄遷(qian)右光祿大夫,馀并如故。十(shi)(shi)年(nian),重為領軍將(jiang)(jiang)軍。尋遷(qian)安(an)右將(jiang)(jiang)軍、丹陽(yang)尹。十(shi)(shi)三年(nian),為中(zhong)(zhong)書監,領太(tai)子詹事(shi),給鼓吹一部,侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)、將(jiang)(jiang)軍、右光祿、中(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)如故。陵以年(nian)老累(lei)表求致仕(shi),高宗(zong)亦優禮之(zhi),乃詔將(jiang)(jiang)作為造大齋,令陵就第攝事(shi)。
陳后主即位,遷左光祿(lu)大夫(fu)、太子少傅(fu),馀(yu)如故。至德元年卒,時年七(qi)十七(qi)。詔曰:“慎終有典,抑(yi)乃舊章,令德可甄(zhen),諒宜追(zhui)遠。侍中、安(an)右將軍(jun)、左光祿(lu)大夫(fu)、太子少傅(fu)、南徐州大中正、建昌縣開國侯陵,弱(ruo)齡學(xue)尚,登朝秀穎,業高名輩(bei),文曰詞(ci)宗。朕(zhen)近歲承華,特(te)(te)相引狎,雖多臥疾,方(fang)期(qi)克壯,奄然(ran)殞逝,震悼于懷(huai)。可贈鎮右將軍(jun)、特(te)(te)進,其侍中、左光祿(lu)、鼓吹、侯如故,并出(chu)舉哀,喪事(shi)所須(xu),量加資給。謚曰章。”
陵(ling)(ling)器局深遠,容止(zhi)可觀,性又清簡,無所(suo)營樹,祿俸與親族(zu)共之(zhi)(zhi)。太建(jian)(jian)中,食建(jian)(jian)昌邑,邑戶送米至(zhi)于水次,陵(ling)(ling)親戚有(you)(you)(you)貧匱者,皆令(ling)取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi),數日便盡,陵(ling)(ling)家(jia)尋(xun)致乏絕。府僚怪而(er)(er)問其(qi)故,陵(ling)(ling)云(yun):“我(wo)有(you)(you)(you)車牛(niu)衣裳可賣,馀家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)可賣不?”其(qi)周給如此。少而(er)(er)崇(chong)信釋教,經(jing)論多所(suo)精解。后(hou)主在東宮,令(ling)陵(ling)(ling)講大(da)品經(jing),義學名僧(seng),自遠云(yun)集,每(mei)講筵(yan)商較(jiao),四座莫能與抗。目有(you)(you)(you)青睛,時人以(yi)為聰惠之(zhi)(zhi)相也。自有(you)(you)(you)陳創(chuang)業,文(wen)(wen)檄(xi)軍書及禪授詔策,皆陵(ling)(ling)所(suo)制,而(er)(er)《九錫》尤(you)美。為一代文(wen)(wen)宗,亦不以(yi)此矜物,未嘗(chang)詆訶作者。其(qi)于后(hou)進之(zhi)(zhi)徒,接引無倦。世(shi)祖(zu)、高(gao)宗之(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),國家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)手筆,皆陵(ling)(ling)草之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)文(wen)(wen)頗變(bian)舊體(ti),緝裁巧密,多有(you)(you)(you)新(xin)意(yi)。每(mei)一文(wen)(wen)出手,好事者已傳寫成誦(song),遂被(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)華夷,家(jia)藏其(qi)本。后(hou)逢喪亂(luan),多散失,存(cun)者三十卷(juan)。有(you)(you)(you)四子:儉,份,儀,僔。