生于林下、灌(guan)叢或(huo)草地。
分布(bu)于中國東北各(ge)省。日本(ben)、朝(chao)鮮(xian)、蘇(su)聯和歐洲也有分布(bu)。
頂冰(bing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是百合(he)科(ke)多年生草(cao)本,高(gao)10-25cm:鱗莖(jing)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑5-9mm;基部(bu)無(wu)珠(zhu)芽,鱗莖(jing)皮灰黃(huang)色(se)。基生葉條形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),寬2-4.5mm,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)葶上無(wu)葉。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)2-5朵(duo),成傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)排列;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被片(pian)6,黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)12mm;雄(xiong)蕊6。蒴果(guo)(guo)近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑約(yue)5mm;種子近矩(ju)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)4-5月(yue)。植株高(gao)15-20厘米。鱗莖(jing)卵(luan)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑約(yue)5-10毫(hao)米,鱗莖(jing)皮褐黃(huang)色(se),無(wu)附屬小鱗莖(jing)。基生葉1枚,條形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)15-22厘米,寬3-10毫(hao)米,扁平,中部(bu)向下收狹,無(wu)毛(mao)。總苞片(pian)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),與(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)近等長(chang)(chang),寬4-6毫(hao)米;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)3-5朵(duo),排成傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗不等長(chang)(chang),無(wu)毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被片(pian)條形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或狹披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)9-12毫(hao)米,寬約(yue)2毫(hao)米,黃(huang)色(se);雄(xiong)蕊長(chang)(chang)為花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被片(pian)的(de)2/3;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥矩(ju)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲基部(bu)扁平;子房矩(ju)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱長(chang)(chang)為子房的(de)1.5-2倍,柱頭不明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)3裂。蒴果(guo)(guo)卵(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)為宿存花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被的(de)2/3。
頂(ding)冰花可用分球繁殖,早在秋(qiu)冬季休(xiu)眠期剝下鱗莖四周的小球,另行栽植。
【來(lai) 源】:為雙子葉植(zhi)物藥百合科植(zhi)物頂冰(bing)花的(de)鱗莖。
【功 效】:清心(xin)。
【主 治】:民間常用(yong)本品治療心臟病。
【性味歸經(jing)】:苦,平。入心經(jing)。
【用法用量】:內服,煎湯(tang),12-15克(ke)。
【考 證】:始載(zai)于(yu)《新華本草綱要》。東(dong)北(bei)個別地區用藥時有中毒(du)現(xian)象,應慎用。
頂(ding)冰(bing)花(hua)全(quan)株(zhu)有毒(du),以鱗莖毒(du)性最大。每年開春,兒(er)童(tong)外出(chu)采集野菜,誤(wu)為(wei)山韭(jiu)菜,食(shi)(shi)數株(zhu)即可中毒(du),4g以上可致死,死亡率(lv)甚高。食(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)1小時左右(you)出(chu)現(xian)癥狀,有頭(tou)痛(tong)、頭(tou)暈、嘔(ou)吐(tu)、無力、煩躁不安、語言不清、意識障礙、大小便失禁等(deng)(deng),嚴重者(zhe)可出(chu)現(xian)全(quan)身(shen)抽(chou)搐、角弓(gong)反張,抽(chou)搐后(hou)(hou)心動過速(su)、心音弱、肢體發冷、呼吸困難(nan)等(deng)(deng)。個別人(ren)中毒(du)后(hou)(hou)有意識障礙、智力下降、癱瘓(huan)等(deng)(deng)后(hou)(hou)遺癥。