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生長與分布

生長環境

白星海芋(yu)會(hui)釋(shi)放出(chu)一(yi)種難聞(wen)的腐(fu)肉味(wei)道。這種氣(qi)味(wei)可以吸引雌(ci)性大蒼蠅(ying)為其傳粉(fen)。當大蒼蠅(ying)飛到它(ta)們身上時(shi)，它(ta)們就用自己巨大的花朵(duo)(duo)(duo)將(jiang)其捕獲并困于花朵(duo)(duo)(duo)之(zhi)中一(yi)整夜。第二天，白星海芋(yu)才(cai)會(hui)張開花朵(duo)(duo)(duo)，將(jiang)粘滿(man)花粉(fen)的大蒼蠅(ying)釋(shi)放。當大蒼蠅(ying)飛臨第二株白星海芋(yu)花朵(duo)(duo)(duo)之(zhi)上時(shi)，傳粉(fen)任(ren)務就完成了(le)。

分布范圍

原產于歐(ou)洲以(yi)及西(xi)亞(ya)地區。

形態及特征

多年生(sheng)熱帶草本。莖粗厚(hou)(hou)，短縮，大都(dou)為地下莖，稀(xi)上(shang)升或(huo)為直立(li)(li)地上(shang)莖，密布葉(xie)柄(bing)痕(hen)。葉(xie)具(ju)長(chang)柄(bing)，下部(bu)(bu)多少(shao)(shao)(shao)具(ju)長(chang)鞘(qiao)；葉(xie)片幼時通(tong)(tong)常盾(dun)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，成年植株的(de)多為箭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)心形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，邊緣(yuan)(yuan)全(quan)緣(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)淺波狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，有(you)(you)的(de)羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)分裂(lie)幾達(da)(da)中(zhong)肋（我(wo)國不產），后(hou)裂(lie)片卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)三(san)角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常部(bu)(bu)分聯合(he)(he)；下部(bu)(bu)I級側(ce)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)向下彎，稀(xi)輻(fu)射(she)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，大都(dou)與后(hou)裂(lie)片基脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)成直角或(huo)銳角，稀(xi)遠離而成鈍(dun)角；由中(zhong)肋中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)伸出(chu)的(de)I級側(ce)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)多對，斜舉，集(ji)合(he)(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)2-3，極(ji)(ji)接近(jin)葉(xie)緣(yuan)(yuan)，II、III級脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)由I級側(ce)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)伸出(chu)，纖細(xi)(xi)，在I級側(ce)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)之間(jian)匯合(he)(he)為細(xi)(xi)集(ji)合(he)(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)柄(bing)后(hou)葉(xie)抽出(chu)，常多數集(ji)成短縮的(de)、具(ju)苞片的(de)合(he)(he)軸。佛焰苞管部(bu)(bu)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，席卷，宿(su)存，果期(qi)逐漸(jian)不整齊地撕(si)裂(lie)；檐部(bu)(bu)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，通(tong)(tong)常舟狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，后(hou)期(qi)后(hou)翻(fan)，從管部(bu)(bu)上(shang)緣(yuan)(yuan)脫(tuo)落(luo)。肉穗(sui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)短于佛焰苞，粗厚(hou)(hou)，圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，直立(li)(li)，雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)短，錐狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不育(yu)(yu)(yu)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)（中(zhong)性花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)）通(tong)(tong)常明顯(xian)變狹；能育(yu)(yu)(yu)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；附屬器圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有(you)(you)不規則(ze)的(de)槽紋。花(hua)(hua)(hua)單性，無花(hua)(hua)(hua)被。能育(yu)(yu)(yu)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)為合(he)(he)生(sheng)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)柱(zhu)，倒金字(zi)塔(ta)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)截平，近(jin)六角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有(you)(you)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)3-8，花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，具(ju)藥隔(ge)，緊靠，通(tong)(tong)常延長(chang)幾達(da)(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)基部(bu)(bu)，裂(lie)縫短，上(shang)部(bu)(bu)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉粉末(mo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。不育(yu)(yu)(yu)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)為合(he)(he)生(sheng)假(jia)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)，扁平，倒金字(zi)塔(ta)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)截平。雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)心皮(pi)3-4，子房卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)開始短，后(hou)來(lai)不明顯(xian)，柱(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)扁頭(tou)(tou)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，先(xian)端(duan)多少(shao)(shao)(shao)3-4裂(lie)；1室(shi)(shi)，但有(you)(you)時最上(shang)端(duan)為3-4室(shi)(shi)；胚(pei)(pei)珠(zhu)少(shao)(shao)(shao)數，直生(sheng)，直立(li)(li)、半倒生(sheng)；珠(zhu)柄(bing)極(ji)(ji)短，基底胎座。漿果大都(dou)紅色，橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，倒圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)近(jin)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，冠以宿(su)存柱(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)，1室(shi)(shi)，種子少(shao)(shao)(shao)數或(huo)單1；種子近(jin)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，直立(li)(li)，有(you)(you)不明顯(xian)的(de)種阜，表(biao)皮(pi)薄，種皮(pi)厚(hou)(hou)，光滑，內(nei)種皮(pi)薄，光滑，珠(zhu)柄(bing)短。胚(pei)(pei)乳豐(feng)富。胚(pei)(pei)在種，子頂(ding)端(duan)彎向子房室(shi)(shi)頂(ding)。