生長環境
白(bai)(bai)星(xing)(xing)(xing)海芋會(hui)釋(shi)放(fang)出一(yi)種難聞的(de)腐(fu)肉(rou)味道。這(zhe)種氣味可以吸(xi)引(yin)雌性大(da)(da)蒼蠅(ying)為其傳粉(fen)。當大(da)(da)蒼蠅(ying)飛(fei)到它們身上時(shi)(shi),它們就用(yong)自己(ji)巨(ju)大(da)(da)的(de)花(hua)(hua)朵(duo)將其捕獲并困于花(hua)(hua)朵(duo)之(zhi)中(zhong)一(yi)整夜(ye)。第二(er)天(tian),白(bai)(bai)星(xing)(xing)(xing)海芋才(cai)會(hui)張開花(hua)(hua)朵(duo),將粘滿花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)的(de)大(da)(da)蒼蠅(ying)釋(shi)放(fang)。當大(da)(da)蒼蠅(ying)飛(fei)臨第二(er)株白(bai)(bai)星(xing)(xing)(xing)海芋花(hua)(hua)朵(duo)之(zhi)上時(shi)(shi),傳粉(fen)任(ren)務就完(wan)成了。
分布范圍
原產于歐(ou)洲以(yi)及西(xi)亞地區。
多(duo)(duo)年(nian)生(sheng)熱帶草本。莖粗(cu)厚,短(duan)縮,大(da)都為(wei)地下莖,稀(xi)(xi)上(shang)升或為(wei)直(zhi)立(li)(li)地上(shang)莖,密(mi)布葉(xie)柄(bing)(bing)痕。葉(xie)具長(chang)(chang)(chang)柄(bing)(bing),下部(bu)多(duo)(duo)少具長(chang)(chang)(chang)鞘;葉(xie)片(pian)幼時(shi)通常(chang)盾狀(zhuang)(zhuang),成年(nian)植(zhi)株的(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)為(wei)箭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)心形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)全(quan)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或淺波狀(zhuang)(zhuang),有(you)的(de)(de)羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)分裂(lie)幾達中(zhong)肋(lei)(我國(guo)不(bu)(bu)產(chan)),后(hou)裂(lie)片(pian)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或三角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),常(chang)部(bu)分聯合(he)(he);下部(bu)I級側脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)向下彎(wan),稀(xi)(xi)輻射狀(zhuang)(zhuang),大(da)都與后(hou)裂(lie)片(pian)基(ji)(ji)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)成直(zhi)角或銳(rui)角,稀(xi)(xi)遠離(li)而成鈍角;由中(zhong)肋(lei)中(zhong)部(bu)伸(shen)出的(de)(de)I級側脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)多(duo)(duo)對,斜舉,集合(he)(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)2-3,極(ji)(ji)接近(jin)葉(xie)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),II、III級脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)由I級側脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)伸(shen)出,纖(xian)細,在I級側脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)之間匯合(he)(he)為(wei)細集合(he)(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)柄(bing)(bing)后(hou)葉(xie)抽(chou)出,常(chang)多(duo)(duo)數集成短(duan)縮的(de)(de)、具苞片(pian)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)軸。佛(fo)焰苞管部(bu)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),席卷(juan),宿存,果(guo)(guo)期逐漸不(bu)(bu)整齊地撕(si)裂(lie);檐部(bu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),通常(chang)舟(zhou)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),后(hou)期后(hou)翻,從(cong)管部(bu)上(shang)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)脫落。肉穗花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)短(duan)于佛(fo)焰苞,粗(cu)厚,圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)立(li)(li),雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)短(duan),錐狀(zhuang)(zhuang)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),不(bu)(bu)育雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(中(zhong)性花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu))通常(chang)明(ming)(ming)顯變狹(xia);能育雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);附屬器圓(yuan)(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)不(bu)(bu)規則的(de)(de)槽(cao)紋。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)單(dan)性,無花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被。能育雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)合(he)(he)生(sheng)雄(xiong)蕊柱,倒(dao)金字塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)部(bu)截平,近(jin)六角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)雄(xiong)蕊3-8,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具藥隔,緊靠,通常(chang)延長(chang)(chang)(chang)幾達雄(xiong)蕊基(ji)(ji)部(bu),裂(lie)縫(feng)短(duan),上(shang)部(bu)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉粉末狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。不(bu)(bu)育雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)合(he)(he)生(sheng)假雄(xiong)蕊,扁(bian)平,倒(dao)金字塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)部(bu)截平。雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)心皮(pi)3-4,子房卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱開始短(duan),后(hou)來不(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)顯,柱頭扁(bian)頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang),先端(duan)多(duo)(duo)少3-4裂(lie);1室(shi)(shi),但有(you)時(shi)最(zui)上(shang)端(duan)為(wei)3-4室(shi)(shi);胚珠少數,直(zhi)生(sheng),直(zhi)立(li)(li)、半倒(dao)生(sheng);珠柄(bing)(bing)極(ji)(ji)短(duan),基(ji)(ji)底胎座。漿果(guo)(guo)大(da)都紅色,橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),倒(dao)圓(yuan)(yuan)錐狀(zhuang)(zhuang)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或近(jin)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),冠以宿存柱頭,1室(shi)(shi),種(zhong)(zhong)子少數或單(dan)1;種(zhong)(zhong)子近(jin)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)立(li)(li),有(you)不(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)阜,表皮(pi)薄(bo),種(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)厚,光滑,內種(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)薄(bo),光滑,珠柄(bing)(bing)短(duan)。胚乳(ru)豐富。胚在種(zhong)(zhong),子頂(ding)端(duan)彎(wan)向子房室(shi)(shi)頂(ding)。