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生長與分布

生長環境

白(bai)星(xing)海芋會(hui)(hui)釋放(fang)出一(yi)種(zhong)難聞(wen)的(de)腐(fu)肉味(wei)道。這種(zhong)氣(qi)味(wei)可以(yi)吸(xi)引雌(ci)性(xing)大(da)蒼蠅(ying)(ying)為其傳粉(fen)。當(dang)大(da)蒼蠅(ying)(ying)飛(fei)到它(ta)們(men)(men)身上(shang)時，它(ta)們(men)(men)就用自己巨(ju)大(da)的(de)花(hua)朵(duo)將其捕獲并困于花(hua)朵(duo)之(zhi)中一(yi)整夜。第二天，白(bai)星(xing)海芋才會(hui)(hui)張開(kai)花(hua)朵(duo)，將粘滿花(hua)粉(fen)的(de)大(da)蒼蠅(ying)(ying)釋放(fang)。當(dang)大(da)蒼蠅(ying)(ying)飛(fei)臨第二株白(bai)星(xing)海芋花(hua)朵(duo)之(zhi)上(shang)時，傳粉(fen)任務就完成了。

分布范圍

原產于歐(ou)洲以(yi)及(ji)西亞地區。

形態及特征

多(duo)年(nian)生熱帶草本。莖粗(cu)(cu)厚，短(duan)(duan)縮(suo)，大(da)都(dou)為(wei)地下莖，稀上升或(huo)為(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)立地上莖，密布葉柄(bing)痕。葉具(ju)長(chang)柄(bing)，下部(bu)多(duo)少具(ju)長(chang)鞘；葉片幼時通(tong)常(chang)(chang)盾狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，成年(nian)植株(zhu)的多(duo)為(wei)箭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)心(xin)(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，邊緣(yuan)(yuan)全(quan)緣(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)淺波狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，有(you)的羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)分(fen)裂(lie)幾(ji)達中肋(lei)（我國不產(chan)），后裂(lie)片卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)三角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)(chang)部(bu)分(fen)聯合(he)(he)；下部(bu)I級(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)脈(mo)(mo)向(xiang)下彎，稀輻射狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，大(da)都(dou)與(yu)后裂(lie)片基脈(mo)(mo)成直(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)或(huo)銳角(jiao)(jiao)，稀遠離(li)而成鈍(dun)角(jiao)(jiao)；由中肋(lei)中部(bu)伸(shen)出(chu)的I級(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)脈(mo)(mo)多(duo)對，斜(xie)舉，集合(he)(he)脈(mo)(mo)2-3，極(ji)接近(jin)(jin)葉緣(yuan)(yuan)，II、III級(ji)(ji)(ji)脈(mo)(mo)由I級(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)脈(mo)(mo)伸(shen)出(chu)，纖(xian)細，在(zai)I級(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)脈(mo)(mo)之間匯合(he)(he)為(wei)細集合(he)(he)脈(mo)(mo)。花序柄(bing)后葉抽(chou)出(chu)，常(chang)(chang)多(duo)數(shu)(shu)集成短(duan)(duan)縮(suo)的、具(ju)苞(bao)片的合(he)(he)軸。佛(fo)焰苞(bao)管部(bu)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，席卷，宿(su)存，果(guo)期逐漸不整齊地撕裂(lie)；檐(yan)部(bu)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，通(tong)常(chang)(chang)舟(zhou)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，后期后翻，從管部(bu)上緣(yuan)(yuan)脫落。肉(rou)穗花序短(duan)(duan)于佛(fo)焰苞(bao)，粗(cu)(cu)厚，圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，直(zhi)(zhi)立，雌花序短(duan)(duan)，錐狀(zhuang)(zhuang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不育(yu)雄花序（中性花序）通(tong)常(chang)(chang)明顯變狹；能育(yu)雄花序圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；附屬器圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有(you)不規則的槽紋。花單(dan)性，無花被。能育(yu)雄花為(wei)合(he)(he)生雄蕊柱(zhu)，倒(dao)(dao)金字(zi)塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，頂部(bu)截(jie)平(ping)(ping)，近(jin)(jin)六角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有(you)雄蕊3-8，花藥線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，具(ju)藥隔(ge)，緊靠，通(tong)常(chang)(chang)延長(chang)幾(ji)達雄蕊基部(bu)，裂(lie)縫短(duan)(duan)，上部(bu)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，花粉(fen)粉(fen)末狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。不育(yu)雄花為(wei)合(he)(he)生假雄蕊，扁平(ping)(ping)，倒(dao)(dao)金字(zi)塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，頂部(bu)截(jie)平(ping)(ping)。雌花有(you)心(xin)(xin)皮(pi)3-4，子(zi)房(fang)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，花柱(zhu)開始短(duan)(duan)，后來不明顯，柱(zhu)頭扁頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，先端(duan)多(duo)少3-4裂(lie)；1室，但有(you)時最上端(duan)為(wei)3-4室；胚(pei)(pei)珠(zhu)少數(shu)(shu)，直(zhi)(zhi)生，直(zhi)(zhi)立、半倒(dao)(dao)生；珠(zhu)柄(bing)極(ji)短(duan)(duan)，基底胎座。漿果(guo)大(da)都(dou)紅色，橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，倒(dao)(dao)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐狀(zhuang)(zhuang)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)近(jin)(jin)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，冠以宿(su)存柱(zhu)頭，1室，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)少數(shu)(shu)或(huo)單(dan)1；種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)近(jin)(jin)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，直(zhi)(zhi)立，有(you)不明顯的種(zhong)(zhong)阜，表皮(pi)薄(bo)，種(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)厚，光滑(hua)，內種(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)薄(bo)，光滑(hua)，珠(zhu)柄(bing)短(duan)(duan)。胚(pei)(pei)乳豐富(fu)。胚(pei)(pei)在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)，子(zi)頂端(duan)彎向(xiang)子(zi)房(fang)室頂。