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生長與分布

生長環境

白(bai)星海芋會釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)出(chu)一種難(nan)聞的腐肉(rou)味道。這種氣味可以吸引雌(ci)性(xing)大(da)(da)(da)蒼(cang)蠅(ying)(ying)為其傳粉(fen)(fen)。當(dang)大(da)(da)(da)蒼(cang)蠅(ying)(ying)飛到它(ta)(ta)們(men)身上(shang)時，它(ta)(ta)們(men)就(jiu)用自己巨大(da)(da)(da)的花(hua)朵將其捕獲并困(kun)于(yu)花(hua)朵之中一整(zheng)夜。第二(er)天，白(bai)星海芋才(cai)會張開花(hua)朵，將粘(zhan)滿花(hua)粉(fen)(fen)的大(da)(da)(da)蒼(cang)蠅(ying)(ying)釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)。當(dang)大(da)(da)(da)蒼(cang)蠅(ying)(ying)飛臨第二(er)株白(bai)星海芋花(hua)朵之上(shang)時，傳粉(fen)(fen)任務就(jiu)完成了(le)。

分布范圍

原產(chan)于(yu)歐洲以及(ji)西亞地區。

形態及特征

多(duo)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)熱帶草本。莖(jing)粗厚(hou)，短(duan)縮，大(da)(da)都為地(di)下莖(jing)，稀(xi)上(shang)(shang)升或為直(zhi)(zhi)立(li)地(di)上(shang)(shang)莖(jing)，密布葉(xie)柄(bing)痕。葉(xie)具長(chang)(chang)柄(bing)，下部(bu)多(duo)少(shao)(shao)(shao)具長(chang)(chang)鞘(qiao)；葉(xie)片(pian)幼時通(tong)常(chang)盾狀，成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)植(zhi)株的(de)多(duo)為箭狀心形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，邊(bian)緣全緣或淺波狀，有的(de)羽狀分(fen)裂(lie)幾達中(zhong)肋(lei)(lei)（我(wo)國不(bu)產(chan)），后(hou)(hou)(hou)裂(lie)片(pian)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)部(bu)分(fen)聯合(he)(he)；下部(bu)I級側(ce)脈(mo)向下彎，稀(xi)輻射狀，大(da)(da)都與(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)裂(lie)片(pian)基(ji)脈(mo)成(cheng)直(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)或銳角(jiao)，稀(xi)遠離(li)而成(cheng)鈍角(jiao)；由(you)中(zhong)肋(lei)(lei)中(zhong)部(bu)伸出(chu)的(de)I級側(ce)脈(mo)多(duo)對(dui)，斜(xie)舉，集(ji)合(he)(he)脈(mo)2-3，極接(jie)近(jin)葉(xie)緣，II、III級脈(mo)由(you)I級側(ce)脈(mo)伸出(chu)，纖細，在(zai)I級側(ce)脈(mo)之間匯合(he)(he)為細集(ji)合(he)(he)脈(mo)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)(xu)柄(bing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)葉(xie)抽出(chu)，常(chang)多(duo)數集(ji)成(cheng)短(duan)縮的(de)、具苞(bao)片(pian)的(de)合(he)(he)軸。佛焰(yan)苞(bao)管(guan)部(bu)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，席(xi)卷，宿(su)存，果(guo)期逐漸(jian)不(bu)整齊地(di)撕裂(lie)；檐部(bu)長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，通(tong)常(chang)舟(zhou)狀，后(hou)(hou)(hou)期后(hou)(hou)(hou)翻(fan)，從(cong)管(guan)部(bu)上(shang)(shang)緣脫落。肉穗(sui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)(xu)短(duan)于佛焰(yan)苞(bao)，粗厚(hou)，圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，直(zhi)(zhi)立(li)，雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)(xu)短(duan)，錐(zhui)(zhui)狀圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)育(yu)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)(xu)（中(zhong)性花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)(xu)）通(tong)常(chang)明(ming)顯變狹；能育(yu)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)(xu)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；附屬器圓(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有不(bu)規則的(de)槽紋(wen)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)單性，無花(hua)(hua)(hua)被。能育(yu)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)為合(he)(he)生(sheng)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)(rui)柱，倒金字塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)截平(ping)，近(jin)六角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)(rui)3-8，花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥線(xian)狀長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，具藥隔，緊靠，通(tong)常(chang)延(yan)長(chang)(chang)幾達雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)(rui)基(ji)部(bu)，裂(lie)縫短(duan)，上(shang)(shang)部(bu)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)粉(fen)末狀。不(bu)育(yu)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)為合(he)(he)生(sheng)假雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)(rui)，扁(bian)平(ping)，倒金字塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)截平(ping)。雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)有心皮(pi)3-4，子(zi)房卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱開始(shi)短(duan)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)來(lai)不(bu)明(ming)顯，柱頭(tou)扁(bian)頭(tou)狀，先(xian)端(duan)多(duo)少(shao)(shao)(shao)3-4裂(lie)；1室(shi)，但(dan)有時最上(shang)(shang)端(duan)為3-4室(shi)；胚(pei)珠少(shao)(shao)(shao)數，直(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)，直(zhi)(zhi)立(li)、半倒生(sheng)；珠柄(bing)極短(duan)，基(ji)底胎座。漿果(guo)大(da)(da)都紅色，橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，倒圓(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)狀橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或近(jin)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，冠以宿(su)存柱頭(tou)，1室(shi)，種(zhong)子(zi)少(shao)(shao)(shao)數或單1；種(zhong)子(zi)近(jin)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，直(zhi)(zhi)立(li)，有不(bu)明(ming)顯的(de)種(zhong)阜，表皮(pi)薄，種(zhong)皮(pi)厚(hou)，光(guang)滑，內種(zhong)皮(pi)薄，光(guang)滑，珠柄(bing)短(duan)。胚(pei)乳(ru)豐(feng)富。胚(pei)在(zai)種(zhong)，子(zi)頂(ding)(ding)端(duan)彎向子(zi)房室(shi)頂(ding)(ding)。