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生長與分布

生長環境

白(bai)星(xing)海芋(yu)(yu)會釋放出一(yi)種難聞的腐肉(rou)味道。這種氣味可以吸引(yin)雌性大(da)蒼蠅為其傳(chuan)粉。當大(da)蒼蠅飛到它們身上時，它們就用(yong)自己巨大(da)的花(hua)(hua)朵(duo)將其捕(bu)獲并困于花(hua)(hua)朵(duo)之中一(yi)整(zheng)夜。第二天，白(bai)星(xing)海芋(yu)(yu)才會張開花(hua)(hua)朵(duo)，將粘滿花(hua)(hua)粉的大(da)蒼蠅釋放。當大(da)蒼蠅飛臨第二株白(bai)星(xing)海芋(yu)(yu)花(hua)(hua)朵(duo)之上時，傳(chuan)粉任務(wu)就完成了(le)。

分布范圍

原產于歐洲以及(ji)西亞地區(qu)。

形態及特征

多(duo)年(nian)生熱帶(dai)草本。莖(jing)粗(cu)厚，短(duan)(duan)(duan)縮，大(da)都為地下(xia)莖(jing)，稀(xi)上升或(huo)(huo)為直(zhi)(zhi)立地上莖(jing)，密布葉(xie)柄(bing)痕。葉(xie)具長(chang)(chang)柄(bing)，下(xia)部(bu)(bu)多(duo)少(shao)(shao)具長(chang)(chang)鞘；葉(xie)片幼時(shi)(shi)通常(chang)盾(dun)狀，成年(nian)植株的多(duo)為箭狀心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，邊(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)全緣(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)(huo)淺波(bo)狀，有(you)(you)的羽狀分(fen)(fen)裂(lie)(lie)幾達(da)中肋（我國(guo)不(bu)產），后裂(lie)(lie)片卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)聯合(he)；下(xia)部(bu)(bu)I級(ji)側脈(mo)向下(xia)彎(wan)，稀(xi)輻射狀，大(da)都與(yu)后裂(lie)(lie)片基(ji)脈(mo)成直(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)或(huo)(huo)銳角(jiao)，稀(xi)遠離(li)而成鈍角(jiao)；由中肋中部(bu)(bu)伸出的I級(ji)側脈(mo)多(duo)對，斜舉，集(ji)合(he)脈(mo)2-3，極接近葉(xie)緣(yuan)(yuan)，II、III級(ji)脈(mo)由I級(ji)側脈(mo)伸出，纖(xian)細，在(zai)I級(ji)側脈(mo)之間(jian)匯合(he)為細集(ji)合(he)脈(mo)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)柄(bing)后葉(xie)抽(chou)出，常(chang)多(duo)數集(ji)成短(duan)(duan)(duan)縮的、具苞(bao)(bao)片的合(he)軸。佛焰苞(bao)(bao)管(guan)部(bu)(bu)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，席卷(juan)，宿存，果(guo)期(qi)逐漸不(bu)整齊地撕裂(lie)(lie)；檐部(bu)(bu)長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，通常(chang)舟狀，后期(qi)后翻，從(cong)管(guan)部(bu)(bu)上緣(yuan)(yuan)脫落(luo)。肉穗花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)短(duan)(duan)(duan)于(yu)佛焰苞(bao)(bao)，粗(cu)厚，圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，直(zhi)(zhi)立，雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)短(duan)(duan)(duan)，錐(zhui)狀圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)育雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)（中性(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)）通常(chang)明顯變狹；能育雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；附(fu)屬器(qi)圓(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有(you)(you)不(bu)規則的槽紋。花(hua)(hua)(hua)單性(xing)，無花(hua)(hua)(hua)被。能育雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)為合(he)生雄(xiong)(xiong)蕊柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，倒金字塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)截(jie)平，近六角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有(you)(you)雄(xiong)(xiong)蕊3-8，花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥線狀長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，具藥隔(ge)，緊靠，通常(chang)延(yan)長(chang)(chang)幾達(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)蕊基(ji)部(bu)(bu)，裂(lie)(lie)縫短(duan)(duan)(duan)，上部(bu)(bu)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉粉末狀。不(bu)育雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)為合(he)生假雄(xiong)(xiong)蕊，扁(bian)平，倒金字塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)截(jie)平。雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)心(xin)皮(pi)3-4，子(zi)(zi)(zi)房卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)開始短(duan)(duan)(duan)，后來不(bu)明顯，柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭扁(bian)頭狀，先端(duan)多(duo)少(shao)(shao)3-4裂(lie)(lie)；1室(shi)，但有(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)最上端(duan)為3-4室(shi)；胚(pei)(pei)珠少(shao)(shao)數，直(zhi)(zhi)生，直(zhi)(zhi)立、半倒生；珠柄(bing)極短(duan)(duan)(duan)，基(ji)底(di)胎(tai)座。漿果(guo)大(da)都紅色，橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，倒圓(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)狀橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，冠以宿存柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭，1室(shi)，種子(zi)(zi)(zi)少(shao)(shao)數或(huo)(huo)單1；種子(zi)(zi)(zi)近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，直(zhi)(zhi)立，有(you)(you)不(bu)明顯的種阜，表皮(pi)薄，種皮(pi)厚，光(guang)(guang)滑，內種皮(pi)薄，光(guang)(guang)滑，珠柄(bing)短(duan)(duan)(duan)。胚(pei)(pei)乳豐富。胚(pei)(pei)在(zai)種，子(zi)(zi)(zi)頂(ding)端(duan)彎(wan)向子(zi)(zi)(zi)房室(shi)頂(ding)。