水(shui)松在(zai)其分(fen)布區(qu)內(nei)幾(ji)無(wu)天然林，多系(xi)人(ren)工栽培(pei)的(de)樹木。為喜(xi)光樹種(zhong)，喜(xi)溫暖濕潤的(de)氣(qi)侯及水(shui)濕的(de)環境，耐水(shui)濕不(bu)耐低溫，對(dui)土(tu)壤的(de)適應性(xing)較(jiao)強(qiang)，除鹽堿土(tu)之(zhi)外，在(zai)其他各(ge)種(zhong)土(tu)壤上(shang)(shang)均能生長(chang)。而以水(shui)分(fen)較(jiao)多的(de)沖漬土(tu)上(shang)(shang)生長(chang)最(zui)好。
為中(zhong)國特有(you)(you)樹種(zhong)，主要(yao)分(fen)布在(zai)廣(guang)(guang)州珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)三角(jiao)洲和福(fu)建中(zhong)部及閩(min)江(jiang)(jiang)下游海拔(ba)1000米以下地區。廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)東(dong)部及西(xi)部、福(fu)建西(xi)部及北(bei)部、江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)東(dong)部、四川東(dong)南部、廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)及云(yun)南東(dong)南部也有(you)(you)零星分(fen)布。此外南京、武(wu)漢、廬(lu)山、上海、杭州等地有(you)(you)栽培。模式標本(ben)采自廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)廣(guang)(guang)州。
喬木，高(gao)8-10米(mi)(mi)，稀高(gao)達25米(mi)(mi)，生于濕生環(huan)境者，樹(shu)干(gan)基(ji)部膨大(da)(da)成柱槽狀，并且有伸(shen)出土面或(huo)水面的(de)(de)吸收根(gen)，柱槽高(gao)達70余(yu)厘米(mi)(mi)，干(gan)基(ji)直徑達60-120，厘米(mi)(mi)，樹(shu)干(gan)有扭紋；樹(shu)皮(pi)褐色(se)或(huo)灰白色(se)而(er)帶褐色(se)，縱裂成不(bu)規則的(de)(de)長(chang)條(tiao)(tiao)片(pian)；枝條(tiao)(tiao)稀疏，大(da)(da)枝近平(ping)展，上部枝條(tiao)(tiao)斜(xie)伸(shen)；短枝從二年(nian)生枝的(de)(de)頂芽(ya)或(huo)多年(nian)生枝的(de)(de)腋芽(ya)伸(shen)出，長(chang)8-18厘米(mi)(mi)，冬季脫落(luo)；主枝則從多年(nian)生及(ji)二年(nian)生的(de)(de)頂芽(ya)伸(shen)出，冬季不(bu)脫落(luo)。
葉(xie)(xie)多(duo)型(xing)：鱗形(xing)葉(xie)(xie)較厚或(huo)背腹(fu)隆(long)起(qi)，螺旋狀(zhuang)著生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)多(duo)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)當年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)的主枝上(shang)，長約2毫(hao)米(mi)，有白(bai)色氣(qi)孔(kong)點，冬(dong)季不脫落(luo)(luo)；條(tiao)(tiao)形(xing)葉(xie)(xie)兩側(ce)(ce)扁平(ping)，薄(bo)，常列成(cheng)二列，先端尖(jian)，基(ji)部漸窄，長1-3厘米(mi)，寬1.5-4毫(hao)米(mi)，淡綠色，背面中脈兩側(ce)(ce)有氣(qi)孔(kong)帶(dai)；條(tiao)(tiao)狀(zhuang)鉆(zhan)形(xing)葉(xie)(xie)兩側(ce)(ce)扁，背腹(fu)窿起(qi)，先端漸尖(jian)或(huo)尖(jian)鈍，微向外(wai)彎，長4-11毫(hao)米(mi)，輻射伸展或(huo)列成(cheng)三列狀(zhuang)；條(tiao)(tiao)形(xing)葉(xie)(xie)及條(tiao)(tiao)狀(zhuang)鉆(zhan)形(xing)葉(xie)(xie)均于(yu)冬(dong)季連同(tong)側(ce)(ce)生(sheng)(sheng)短枝-同(tong)脫落(luo)(luo)。
球果(guo)倒(dao)卵圓形(xing)(xing)，長2-2.5厘(li)米(mi)，徑1.3-1.5厘(li)米(mi)；種鱗木質，扁(bian)平(ping)，中(zhong)部(bu)的(de)倒(dao)卵形(xing)(xing)，基部(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)，先端圓，鱗背近邊緣處有6-10個微向外反的(de)三(san)角狀尖齒(chi)；苞鱗與種鱗幾全部(bu)合生，僅(jin)先端分離，三(san)角狀，向外反曲，位于種鱗背面的(de)中(zhong)部(bu)或(huo)中(zhong)上部(bu)；種子(zi)橢圓形(xing)(xing)，稍扁(bian)，褐色，長5-7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)，寬3-4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)，下(xia)端有長翅，翅長4-7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)。子(zi)葉4-5枚(mei)，條(tiao)(tiao)狀針形(xing)(xing)，長1.2-1.6厘(li)米(mi)，寬不及1毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)，無(wu)氣孔線；初(chu)生葉條(tiao)(tiao)形(xing)(xing)，長約2厘(li)米(mi)，寬1.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)，輪生、對生或(huo)互(hu)生，主莖(jing)有白色小(xiao)點。花期1-2月，球果(guo)秋后成熟。
造林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)應選(xuan)擇江河兩岸的(de)(de)(de)(de)泥灘地(di)(di)(di)、河涌(yong)邊(bian)地(di)(di)(di)、圍堤(di)基地(di)(di)(di)、地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)農田(tian)和塘邊(bian)地(di)(di)(di)。選(xuan)擇適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)置對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)關(guan)系極大(da)，是(shi)影響水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)生(sheng)產力的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項(xiang)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)一(yi)般分為(wei)潮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)影響大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)、潮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)影響不(bu)太明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)潮洪(hong)混(hun)合區(qu)和洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)三大(da)地(di)(di)(di)類。在潮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)或潮洪(hong)混(hun)合區(qu)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)應在平(ping)均潮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線(xian)之上(shang)(shang)，近海的(de)(de)(de)(de)潮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)可(ke)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)在潮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線(xian)上(shang)(shang)50-60厘米處，離海岸稍(shao)(shao)遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)，種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)應相(xiang)應降低；在潮洪(hong)混(hun)合區(qu)，潮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)漲落差異(yi)不(bu)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)，種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)則(ze)為(wei)設(she)在平(ping)均潮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線(xian)上(shang)(shang)，目的(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)要(yao)求在傅日漲潮時，潮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能夠浸(jin)過植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株基部10-50厘米，使(shi)土(tu)壤濕潤，退潮時水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)而低千栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)l米以上(shang)(shang)，以保持(chi)土(tu)壤良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)通氣條件。在靜(jing)態水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)（池塘）或半靜(jing)態水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)（水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)），水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)宜設(she)在高于平(ping)常水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面l米左右，可(ke)避免水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)尖削度過大(da)和因受淹(yan)時間過長(chang)而影響生(sheng)長(chang)。若為(wei)了(le)防浪固(gu)堤(di)而栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)林(lin)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)可(ke)稍(shao)(shao)為(wei)低一(yi)些。
適合水松生長的造林(lin)地(di)往(wang)往(wang)水草叢(cong)生，必須清除雜草。連片造林(lin)應全墾整地(di)；若只適宜帶狀(zhuang)造林(lin)，可采用穴墾，植(zhi)穴40厘米×40厘米×30厘米，在“大(da)寒(han)“，前完成整地(di)。
栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水松宜在(zai)冬末春初嫩稍(shao)抽高生長前進行。容(rong)器苗(miao)可在(zai)“大寒(han)”開始定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時除去塑料袋(dai)。裸根(gen)苗(miao)抓緊在(zai)“立春”前后雨天進行定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)造(zao)林(lin)地(di)較(jiao)近，最好(hao)帶泥頭移(yi)栽(zai):如果(guo)起裸根(gen)苗(miao)，運輸又遠(yuan)，則要(yao)泥漿(jiang)漿(jiang)根(gen)，遮蔭(yin)保(bao)濕防(fang)日曬。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時要(yao)培土壓實，使(shi)土壤與(yu)根(gen)系緊密結合。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，有條件的用竹竿(gan)把(ba)苗(miao)木固定，免使(shi)苗(miao)木被潮(chao)水沖倒，以提高造(zao)林(lin)成活率。營造(zao)水松片林(lin)每公頃2000-2500株；單行栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株距1-1.8米(mi)。
母樹年齡(ling)不同，其種(zhong)子質量有明顯的差異。宜選(xuan)擇生長(chang)(chang)旺盛，無病(bing)蟲害，生長(chang)(chang)在陽光充沛的地方15-20年生水松植株作為采種(zhong)母樹。
壯(zhuang)齡母樹種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質量較好。10-11月，球果(guo)由粉綠色轉為(wei)淺黃褐色，鱗片端(duan)部微(wei)裂時進(jin)行采種(zhong)(zhong)。曝(pu)曬棒(bang)打(da)球果(guo)，使種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)脫落，篩去雜(za)物，收(shou)集種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)即(ji)可播種(zhong)(zhong)。
播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)育水(shui)(shui)(shui)松種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的時(shi)間，越早越好，早播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)是防止苗木拌(ban)倒病(bing)的技術關鍵(jian)。育苗應選(xuan)擇陽光充足(zu)，背北風，近水(shui)(shui)(shui)源，排灌良好，地勢平坦，肥(fei)沃的中壤(rang)(rang)土作(zuo)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗床(chuang)(chuang)。整地要充分碎土，結合翻耕清除雜(za)草。撒石灰進行土壤(rang)(rang)消(xiao)毒(du)，施(shi)吠(fei)喃丹消(xiao)滅(mie)地下害(hai)蟲。苗地要下足(zu)基肥(fei)，每(mei)畝施(shi)腐(fu)熟土雜(za)肥(fei)或(huo)豬糞(fen)750-1000千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，修好排灌渠后，作(zuo)苗床(chuang)(chuang)寬1米、高20厘米，整成平床(chuang)(chuang)，以(yi)備(bei)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。每(mei)畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)9-10千(qian)克(ke)(ke)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.5%福(fu)爾馬(ma)林液噴灑種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，悶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2小(xiao)時(shi)后，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)清水(shui)(shui)(shui)洗凈。再以(yi)清水(shui)(shui)(shui)浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1天(tian)，把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)撈起堆放進行催芽。每(mei)天(tian)翻動種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)數次并灑水(shui)(shui)(shui)，待種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)露白后即(ji)行播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)細碎火燒(shao)土薄(bo)層覆(fu)蓋至不見種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)為度，再覆(fu)蓋山草或(huo)松針。
幼苗(miao)初期抗逆性差(cha)，必須加強(qiang)管理。
注意防寒。水松育(yu)苗(miao)處在冬春季間，氣溫較低，常(chang)受寒潮(chao)襲擊，必(bi)要時(shi)用薄膜(mo)覆(fu)蓋(gai)，使(shi)幼苗(miao)免受凍害。
保持苗(miao)圃地濕(shi)潤。土壤含水量低會造(zao)成幼(you)苗(miao)萎(wei)蔫至(zhi)死。尤其冬季干旱要加強淋水。
合理追肥。當幼(you)苗出真葉后(hou)，高6-8厘米時(shi)，按勤施薄施原則(ze)進行追肥管(guan)理。開始以腐熟人尿，濃度(du)5%-10%，每(mei)隔10-15天(tian)施1次。往后(hou)濃度(du)可(ke)逐漸加大。中、后(hou)期應多(duo)施磷、鉀肥，促進幼(you)苗木質化。
當苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高約10-20厘米，即要(yao)(yao)分床(chuang)。移苗(miao)(miao)(miao)前先將苗(miao)(miao)(miao)地(di)淋(lin)透水(shui)，起苗(miao)(miao)(miao)力求保(bao)持幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)根(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)完整(zheng)，隨起苗(miao)(miao)(miao)隨移植(zhi)。進(jin)行苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木分級，用泥漿(jiang)漿(jiang)根(gen)(gen)，運苗(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)注意保(bao)濕(shi)，防(fang)止根(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)日曬風吹，未(wei)能(neng)移植(zhi)的苗(miao)(miao)(miao)要(yao)(yao)遮(zhe)蔭或假植(zhi)。分床(chuang)時(shi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)要(yao)(yao)種得(de)正直，既保(bao)持根(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)舒展(zhan)，又要(yao)(yao)使苗(miao)(miao)(miao)根(gen)(gen)與土壤緊接。
水松(song)幼苗的病(bing)害(hai)(hai)主要是根腐病(bing)和立枯病(bing)。每隔7-10天噴(pen)1次波爾多(duo)液；遇連(lian)日陰雨后撒干草木灰（每畝10-15千克）。并注(zhu)意及時消滅害(hai)(hai)蟲。
木材淡(dan)紅黃色，材質輕軟，紋(wen)理細(xi)，耐水濕，比重(zhong)0.39-0.42。供(gong)建筑(zhu)、橋(qiao)梁、家具等用材。根部木質松軟，浮(fu)力(li)大，可做救生圈、瓶塞(sai)等軟木用具；球果、樹(shu)皮(pi)含單寧(ning)，可提取(qu)栲膠；枝、葉及球果入(ru)藥(yao)，有祛風濕、收斂止痛的效用。根系(xi)發達，可栽于河邊、堤旁或田埂作固堤護岸(an)和防風之用。樹(shu)形優(you)美，可作庭(ting)園樹(shu)種。
該種(zhong)列入中國(guo)國(guo)務院1999年8月4日(ri)批準的《國(guo)家重點保護(hu)野生植(zhi)物(wu)名(ming)錄(lu)（第一批）》：Ⅰ級(ji)；《世界自然保護(hu)聯(lian)盟瀕(bin)危(wei)物(wu)種(zhong)紅色名(ming)錄(lu)》（IUCN）：易危(wei)（VU）。
瀕危原因
稀有種。殘存(cun)于(yu)中國南部和東南部，因主產區(qu)人口稠密，交(jiao)通方便，破(po)壞嚴重(zhong)，植株多零散生(sheng)長。
保護措施
保(bao)護好已(yi)存的大樹、古樹，大力育苗造林(lin)。
巧笑倩兮 
