水松(song)在其(qi)分(fen)布區內幾無天然(ran)林，多系人工栽培的樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)。為喜(xi)光樹(shu)(shu)種，喜(xi)溫暖濕潤的氣侯(hou)及水濕的環境，耐(nai)水濕不(bu)耐(nai)低溫，對(dui)土壤的適應性(xing)較強，除(chu)鹽堿土之(zhi)外，在其(qi)他(ta)各種土壤上(shang)均能生(sheng)長。而以水分(fen)較多的沖漬土上(shang)生(sheng)長最好。
為中(zhong)國特(te)有樹(shu)種，主要(yao)分(fen)布在廣(guang)(guang)州珠江三角洲和(he)福(fu)建(jian)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)及(ji)閩江下游海(hai)拔1000米以下地(di)區(qu)。廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)及(ji)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)、福(fu)建(jian)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)及(ji)北部(bu)(bu)、江西(xi)(xi)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)、四川東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)、廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)(xi)及(ji)云南(nan)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)也有零星分(fen)布。此外南(nan)京、武漢、廬山、上海(hai)、杭州等地(di)有栽(zai)培。模式標本采自廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)廣(guang)(guang)州。
喬木，高(gao)8-10米(mi)(mi)，稀(xi)高(gao)達(da)25米(mi)(mi)，生于(yu)濕生環境者(zhe)，樹干基部(bu)膨(peng)大成柱槽狀(zhuang)，并且有(you)伸(shen)出(chu)土(tu)面或水面的(de)吸收根，柱槽高(gao)達(da)70余厘米(mi)(mi)，干基直徑達(da)60-120，厘米(mi)(mi)，樹干有(you)扭(niu)紋；樹皮褐色或灰白(bai)色而(er)帶(dai)褐色，縱裂成不規則(ze)的(de)長條片；枝(zhi)條稀(xi)疏，大枝(zhi)近平展，上部(bu)枝(zhi)條斜伸(shen)；短枝(zhi)從二(er)年生枝(zhi)的(de)頂芽或多(duo)年生枝(zhi)的(de)腋芽伸(shen)出(chu)，長8-18厘米(mi)(mi)，冬季(ji)脫(tuo)落(luo)；主枝(zhi)則(ze)從多(duo)年生及二(er)年生的(de)頂芽伸(shen)出(chu)，冬季(ji)不脫(tuo)落(luo)。
葉(xie)多(duo)型：鱗(lin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)較厚或(huo)背腹隆起，螺旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)著(zhu)生(sheng)于多(duo)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)或(huo)當年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)的主枝(zhi)上，長約2毫米，有(you)白色氣孔點，冬(dong)季不脫落；條形(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)扁平，薄，常列(lie)(lie)成二列(lie)(lie)，先端(duan)尖，基部漸窄，長1-3厘(li)米，寬1.5-4毫米，淡綠(lv)色，背面(mian)中(zhong)脈兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)有(you)氣孔帶；條狀(zhuang)鉆形(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)扁，背腹窿起，先端(duan)漸尖或(huo)尖鈍(dun)，微向外彎，長4-11毫米，輻射(she)伸展或(huo)列(lie)(lie)成三列(lie)(lie)狀(zhuang)；條形(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)及條狀(zhuang)鉆形(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)均于冬(dong)季連同側(ce)(ce)生(sheng)短枝(zhi)-同脫落。
球果倒(dao)卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-2.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，徑1.3-1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)；種鱗(lin)木質，扁平，中(zhong)部(bu)的倒(dao)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)，基部(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)，先端(duan)圓(yuan)，鱗(lin)背近邊緣處(chu)有(you)6-10個(ge)微向外(wai)反的三(san)角狀(zhuang)尖齒；苞鱗(lin)與種鱗(lin)幾全部(bu)合生(sheng)，僅先端(duan)分離，三(san)角狀(zhuang)，向外(wai)反曲，位(wei)于種鱗(lin)背面(mian)的中(zhong)部(bu)或(huo)中(zhong)上部(bu)；種子橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，稍扁，褐色，長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-7毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，寬3-4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，下端(duan)有(you)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)翅，翅長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4-7毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。子葉4-5枚，條狀(zhuang)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.2-1.6厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，寬不及(ji)1毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，無氣孔線；初生(sheng)葉條形(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，寬1.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，輪生(sheng)、對生(sheng)或(huo)互(hu)生(sheng)，主莖有(you)白色小點。花(hua)期1-2月，球果秋后成(cheng)熟。
造(zao)林地應(ying)選擇(ze)江河兩岸的(de)泥灘地、河涌邊(bian)地、圍堤基地、地勢低的(de)農(nong)田和塘邊(bian)地。選擇(ze)適宜(yi)的(de)栽植(zhi)(zhi)位置(zhi)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)的(de)生(sheng)長關系極(ji)大，是(shi)影響水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)生(sheng)產力(li)的(de)一(yi)(yi)項重要的(de)技術。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)栽植(zhi)(zhi)區一(yi)(yi)般(ban)分為(wei)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)影響大的(de)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區、潮(chao)(chao)(chao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)影響不(bu)太明顯(xian)的(de)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)洪(hong)混合區和洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區三大地類。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區或潮(chao)(chao)(chao)洪(hong)混合區，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)栽植(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)(dian)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)平均(jun)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線之上，近海的(de)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區可栽在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線上50-60厘米(mi)(mi)處，離海岸稍(shao)遠的(de)區域，種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)(dian)應(ying)相應(ying)降低；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)洪(hong)混合區，潮(chao)(chao)(chao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)漲落差異不(bu)大的(de)區域，種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)(dian)則(ze)為(wei)設在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)平均(jun)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線上，目的(de)就是(shi)要求在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)傅日漲潮(chao)(chao)(chao)時(shi)，潮(chao)(chao)(chao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能(neng)夠(gou)浸過植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)基部10-50厘米(mi)(mi)，使(shi)土壤濕潤，退潮(chao)(chao)(chao)時(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)而(er)低千栽植(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)(dian)l米(mi)(mi)以上，以保持(chi)土壤良好的(de)通氣條件(jian)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)靜態(tai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區（池塘）或半(ban)靜態(tai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區（水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區），水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)的(de)栽植(zhi)(zhi)區宜(yi)設在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高于平常水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面l米(mi)(mi)左右，可避免水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)尖削度(du)過大和因受(shou)淹時(shi)間過長而(er)影響生(sheng)長。若為(wei)了防浪固堤而(er)栽植(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)林，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)松(song)(song)栽植(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)(dian)可稍(shao)為(wei)低一(yi)(yi)些。
適合(he)水松生長的造(zao)林(lin)地往往水草叢生，必須(xu)清(qing)除雜(za)草。連片造(zao)林(lin)應(ying)全墾(ken)整(zheng)地；若只(zhi)適宜(yi)帶狀造(zao)林(lin)，可采用穴墾(ken)，植(zhi)穴40厘米(mi)×40厘米(mi)×30厘米(mi)，在“大寒“，前(qian)完成(cheng)整(zheng)地。
栽植(zhi)水松宜在冬末春初(chu)嫩稍抽高生長前進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。容器苗(miao)可在“大(da)寒”開始定植(zhi)，種植(zhi)時除(chu)去塑料袋(dai)。裸根苗(miao)抓緊在“立春”前后(hou)雨(yu)天進(jin)行(xing)(xing)定植(zhi)。若造林地較近，最好帶泥頭移栽:如(ru)果起裸根苗(miao)，運輸又遠(yuan)，則要(yao)泥漿漿根，遮(zhe)蔭保濕防日曬。植(zhi)時要(yao)培土壓實，使土壤與(yu)根系(xi)緊密結合。植(zhi)后(hou)，有條件(jian)的用(yong)竹竿把(ba)苗(miao)木固定，免使苗(miao)木被(bei)潮(chao)水沖倒(dao)，以提高造林成活(huo)率。營造水松片林每(mei)公頃2000-2500株；單行(xing)(xing)栽植(zhi)株距(ju)1-1.8米。
母樹(shu)(shu)年齡不同，其種(zhong)子質量(liang)有明顯的(de)差異。宜選擇(ze)生(sheng)長旺(wang)盛，無病蟲害，生(sheng)長在陽光(guang)充沛的(de)地方15-20年生(sheng)水松植株(zhu)作為采(cai)種(zhong)母樹(shu)(shu)。
壯齡母樹(shu)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)質(zhi)量較好。10-11月，球果(guo)由粉綠色轉為淺黃褐(he)色，鱗片端部微裂時進行采種(zhong)。曝曬棒打(da)球果(guo)，使種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)脫落，篩(shai)去雜(za)物，收集種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)即可播種(zhong)。
播(bo)育水(shui)松種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的時間，越(yue)早越(yue)好，早播(bo)是防止(zhi)苗(miao)(miao)木拌倒病的技術關(guan)鍵。育苗(miao)(miao)應選擇陽光充(chong)足，背(bei)北風，近水(shui)源，排灌良好，地(di)勢平坦，肥沃的中壤(rang)土作(zuo)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)。整地(di)要充(chong)分碎土，結合翻耕清除雜(za)草(cao)。撒(sa)石灰進行(xing)(xing)土壤(rang)消毒，施(shi)吠喃丹消滅地(di)下(xia)害蟲。苗(miao)(miao)地(di)要下(xia)足基肥，每畝施(shi)腐熟土雜(za)肥或(huo)豬糞(fen)750-1000千克(ke)，修好排灌渠后，作(zuo)苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)寬(kuan)1米、高20厘米，整成平床(chuang)，以備播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。每畝用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)9-10千克(ke)。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前用0.5%福爾馬林液噴灑(sa)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，悶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2小時后，用清水(shui)洗凈(jing)。再(zai)以清水(shui)浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1天，把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)撈起堆放進行(xing)(xing)催芽。每天翻動種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)數次并灑(sa)水(shui)，待種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)露白后即(ji)行(xing)(xing)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。采用撒(sa)播(bo)，播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后用細(xi)碎火燒土薄層覆蓋至不(bu)見種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)度，再(zai)覆蓋山草(cao)或(huo)松針。
幼苗初期抗逆性差，必須加強(qiang)管理(li)。
注意(yi)防寒。水松育(yu)苗處在冬春季間，氣溫較(jiao)低(di)，常受寒潮襲擊(ji)，必要(yao)時(shi)用薄(bo)膜(mo)覆蓋，使(shi)幼(you)苗免受凍害。
保持苗圃地濕(shi)潤。土壤(rang)含水量(liang)低會造成幼苗萎蔫至(zhi)死。尤其冬季干旱要加強(qiang)淋水。
合理追肥。當幼(you)苗出真葉后(hou)，高6-8厘米時，按勤施薄施原則進行(xing)追肥管(guan)理。開始以腐熟(shu)人尿，濃度(du)5%-10%，每隔(ge)10-15天施1次。往后(hou)濃度(du)可逐漸加大。中、后(hou)期應多施磷(lin)、鉀肥，促進幼(you)苗木質化。
當苗(miao)(miao)高約10-20厘米，即要分(fen)床(chuang)(chuang)。移苗(miao)(miao)前先將苗(miao)(miao)地淋透水，起苗(miao)(miao)力求(qiu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)幼苗(miao)(miao)根(gen)系完整(zheng)，隨起苗(miao)(miao)隨移植(zhi)。進(jin)行(xing)苗(miao)(miao)木分(fen)級，用泥漿(jiang)漿(jiang)根(gen)，運苗(miao)(miao)時注意保(bao)(bao)濕，防止根(gen)系日曬風吹，未能移植(zhi)的苗(miao)(miao)要遮蔭或假植(zhi)。分(fen)床(chuang)(chuang)時苗(miao)(miao)要種得正(zheng)直，既保(bao)(bao)持(chi)根(gen)系舒展，又要使苗(miao)(miao)根(gen)與(yu)土壤緊接。
水松幼苗的病(bing)害主(zhu)要是根腐病(bing)和立枯病(bing)。每隔7-10天噴1次波爾多(duo)液；遇連日陰雨后撒干草木灰（每畝10-15千克）。并注意及時消滅害蟲。
木材(cai)(cai)淡紅(hong)黃(huang)色，材(cai)(cai)質輕軟(ruan)，紋理細(xi)，耐水濕，比重(zhong)0.39-0.42。供(gong)建(jian)筑、橋梁、家具等(deng)用材(cai)(cai)。根部木質松軟(ruan)，浮(fu)力大，可(ke)做救生圈、瓶塞等(deng)軟(ruan)木用具；球(qiu)果、樹(shu)皮含單寧(ning)，可(ke)提取栲膠；枝、葉及球(qiu)果入藥，有祛風濕、收斂止痛的效用。根系發達，可(ke)栽于河邊、堤旁(pang)或田埂(geng)作(zuo)固堤護(hu)岸和防(fang)風之用。樹(shu)形優(you)美，可(ke)作(zuo)庭園(yuan)樹(shu)種。
該種(zhong)列(lie)入中國國務院1999年8月4日批準的《國家重(zhong)點保護野生植物(wu)名錄（第一批）》：Ⅰ級；《世界(jie)自(zi)然(ran)保護聯盟瀕危物(wu)種(zhong)紅色名錄》（IUCN）：易危（VU）。
瀕危原因
稀有種。殘存于中國南部和東(dong)南部，因主(zhu)產區人(ren)口稠(chou)密(mi)，交通方(fang)便，破壞嚴重，植株(zhu)多(duo)零散生(sheng)長。
保護措施
保護好已存(cun)的大樹、古樹，大力育苗造(zao)林。
巧笑倩兮 
