臥(wo)龍(long)山位于福建(jian)長(chang)汀(ting)縣城(cheng)北。《古(gu)今圖書集成·州府山川考》載:“環(huan)城(cheng)四面皆(jie)平田,就中(zhong)突起一山,不與群(qun)山相屬(shu),如龍(long)盤屈而(er)臥(wo),故名(ming)(ming)(ming)。又名(ming)(ming)(ming)九龍(long)山,亦名(ming)(ming)(ming)無境山”。自宋(song)以來即為(wei)汀(ting)州名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝(sheng),曾被(bei)稱為(wei)汀(ting)州八(ba)景之首。山上有北極樓、金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)寺、千松亭、風(feng)香亭、新樂亭等名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)。尤以建(jian)于宋(song)代的金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)寺較完整地(di)體(ti)現了我國名(ming)(ming)(ming)山風(feng)景區的寺觀建(jian)筑(zhu)藝術。 登上金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)寺俯覽(lan)長(chang)汀(ting)城(cheng)內,名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)古(gu)跡(ji),東三盡收(shou)眼底。
北(bei)極(ji)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),又名玄武樓(lou)(lou)(lou),始建于明代(dai),清(qing)康熙三十年(nian)(1691年(nian))重(zhong)建。坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南,土木結構(gou),由門樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、經(jing)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、正(zheng)殿(dian)組成。占地2000平方米,正(zheng)殿(dian)面闊3間,進深3間,單檐2層樓(lou)(lou)(lou)閣(ge),臺梁(liang)式木構(gou)架(jia),樓(lou)(lou)(lou)下左(zuo)側墻上嵌有清(qing)康熙三十年(nian)重(zhong)建北(bei)極(ji)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)碑(bei)記一方。
周邊公交(jiao)信(xin)息:長(chang)(chang)(chang)汀(ting)(ting)1路(lu)(lu)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)汀(ting)(ting)2路(lu)(lu)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)汀(ting)(ting)3路(lu)(lu)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)汀(ting)(ting)6路(lu)(lu)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)汀(ting)(ting)7路(lu)(lu)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)汀(ting)(ting)8路(lu)(lu)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)汀(ting)(ting)9路(lu)(lu)
臥龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)位(wei)于長汀城(cheng)(cheng)北,又(you)叫北山(shan)(shan)。長汀縣城(cheng)(cheng)的環城(cheng)(cheng)環繞臥龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)一圈,臥龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)是長汀城(cheng)(cheng)中心。自宋(song)以(yi)來即(ji)為汀州名(ming)(ming)勝,曾被稱為汀州八景之首。因“四面平田,一山(shan)(shan)突起,不與群峰相屬(shu),如龍(long)(long)盤(pan)屈(qu)而臥,中分(fen)九支”,故名(ming)(ming)“臥龍(long)(long)”,又(you)叫“九龍(long)(long)天境”。山(shan)(shan)上(shang)有北極樓、金沙寺(si)、千(qian)松亭(ting)、風香亭(ting)、新(xin)樂亭(ting)等名(ming)(ming)勝。
唐代(dai)古(gu)城墻從(cong)山(shan)頂向東西(xi)兩邊各自蜿蜒(yan)而下,使城半壁(bi)高(gao)掛山(shan)巔,婀娜多姿,匯(hui)合于(yu)汀(ting)江之濱,故(gu)有(you)“觀音掛珠”之說。山(shan)后(hou)峭壁(bi)矗立,陡(dou)不可上。宋時(shi)在(zai)(zai)山(shan)巔又(you)建金沙寺(si),明(ming)代(dai)崇禎年(nian)間知府唐世涵(han)重建北(bei)極樓(lou)(lou)(lou),又(you)名玄武樓(lou)(lou)(lou),還塑呂洞賓像以祀(si)之。清代(dai)康(kang)熙、道光年(nian)間皆有(you)修(xiu)葺。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)內尚存(cun)《重建北(bei)極樓(lou)(lou)(lou)碑記》,碑頭(tou)刻有(you)雙龍(long)(long)戲珠圖(tu)紋。北(bei)極樓(lou)(lou)(lou)內還有(you)“雄鎮閩西(xi)”四(si)字大匾(bian)額。徐曰都詩云(yun):“無境山(shan)高(gao)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)更高(gao),虎頭(tou)回望白云(yun)遙,金沙萬戶春風早,綠松清江曉放橈。”民國(guo)二十四(si)年(nian)又(you)進行維修(xiu),布局由門樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、藏(zang)經樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、正(zheng)殿組(zu)成,占地面積(ji)2000平(ping)方(fang)米。1978年(nian),新建廟(miao)門,在(zai)(zai)藏(zang)經樓(lou)(lou)(lou)重塑十八羅漢。臥龍(long)(long)山(shan)在(zai)(zai)歷(li)代(dai)中得到人們的保護,山(shan)上芳草萋萋,樹木(mu)蔥(cong)蘢,宛如(ru)翡翠玉屏。
臥(wo)(wo)(wo)龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)四(si)周(zhou)有石徑(jing)直通山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding),而從橫崗嶺南(nan)麓登(deng)巔(dian)更為(wei)便捷。拾階(jie)而上(shang),目不暇接(jie),只見山(shan)(shan)(shan)花吐艷,青枝蔥蘢,龍鱗古(gu)松,挺拔(ba)直立(li),山(shan)(shan)(shan)風過處,松濤陣陣。 東(dong)(dong)邊建(jian)有“東(dong)(dong)翹舒(shu)嘯”烽(feng)火(huo)臺,巍然屹立(li)于(yu)臥(wo)(wo)(wo)龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)側(ce)嶺頭。沿襲(xi)清(qing)代(dai)汀州(zhou)知府王廷倫重建(jian)時(shi)取晉陶(tao)淵明“登(deng)東(dong)(dong)皋而舒(shu)嘯”之意,題額為(wei)“東(dong)(dong)翹舒(shu)嘯”之原名。城(cheng)墻一(yi)直修(xiu)到東(dong)(dong)城(cheng)墻的(de)張宅后門,長游覽(lan)者登(deng)上(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding),停步歇息,讀古(gu)詩詞,品味無窮。 登(deng)上(shang)臥(wo)(wo)(wo)龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)巔(dian),放眼(yan)四(si)望,山(shan)(shan)(shan)如龍盤(pan)曲而臥(wo)(wo)(wo)于(yu)汀江畔,一(yi)頭扎在河岸邊,匍匐著喝汀江水。四(si)面群山(shan)(shan)(shan)環(huan)拱似向(xiang)臥(wo)(wo)(wo)龍作揖(yi)行禮。氣(qi)勢雄偉,蒼松直聳(song)云端,每當(dang)雨過天晴,白云繚(liao)繞(rao),蔚為(wei)奇觀(guan),故有“龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)白云”之美稱。宋代(dai)汀郡太守(shou)郭祥(xiang)正贊曰:“臥(wo)(wo)(wo)龍勝事堪圖畫,迥壓(ya)閩南(nan)七(qi)八(ba)州(zhou)”。
臥龍山(shan)東麓還有(you)一處令人陶醉(zui)的風景(jing),穿過東門后(hou)街背(bei),沿一山(shan)谷拾級而(er)上(shang),可(ke)見兩(liang)山(shan)合抱,郁郁蔥(cong)蔥(cong),耳邊鳥聲婉轉,松(song)濤陣陣,其境清幽宜人。行(xing)至半山(shan),濃陰處飛出屋檐翹角(jiao),這就是(shi)斗母閣。斗母閣始建(jian)于明(ming)代(dai)初年,盛于萬歷年間,明(ming)清兩(liang)代(dai)均三座廟(miao)有(you)修葺,但至上(shang)世紀四十年代(dai)圮塌,僅存灶(zao)君廟(miao)。上(shang)世紀八十年代(dai)后(hou)人們(men)捐資重建(jian),今有(you)灶(zao)君廟(miao)、如是(shi)庵(an)、觀(guan)(guan)音寺(si)等(deng)宇,觀(guan)(guan)音寺(si)壯麗,塑有(you)金碧輝煌的千(qian)手觀(guan)(guan)音,后(hou)殿是(shi)寬(kuan)敞雄(xiong)偉的大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿。現在游人常往,絡繹不絕。