寵(chong)物狗(gou)是人(ren)們為了(le)消除孤寂或出于娛樂目的而(er)(er)豢養的犬(quan)(quan)類(lei)動(dong)物,或者出于非經(jing)濟目的而(er)(er)豢養的犬(quan)(quan)類(lei)。狗(gou)是一種有靈(ling)性的動(dong)物,已(yi)被人(ren)類(lei)馴化了(le)幾千年,其嗅(xiu)覺靈(ling)敏(min),動(dong)作(zuo)敏(min)捷,善解人(ren)意,忠于主(zhu)人(ren)。在很(hen)多國家,各種體形優(you)美(mei)的狗(gou)早已(yi)成為最受喜愛的家庭寵(chong)物。比較著名(ming)的寵(chong)物狗(gou)有:中華田(tian)園(yuan)犬(quan)(quan)、西藏獵犬(quan)(quan)、藏獒、哈士奇、松獅、金毛、德國牧(mu)羊(yang)犬(quan)(quan)、雪納瑞、大麥(mai)町犬(quan)(quan)、博美(mei)犬(quan)(quan)、吉(ji)娃(wa)(wa)娃(wa)(wa)、蘇格蘭牧(mu)羊(yang)犬(quan)(quan)、薩摩(mo)耶、可卡、拉(la)布拉(la)多、京巴、比熊、貴賓犬(quan)(quan)、馬爾濟斯(si)、比利時(shi)獵犬(quan)(quan)、泰迪熊犬(quan)(quan)、邊(bian)境(jing)牧(mu)羊(yang)犬(quan)(quan)、阿(a)拉(la)斯(si)加,獵狐梗等等。
犬在(zai)(zai)遠古時(shi)(shi)代是(shi)肉食(shi)(shi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),以(yi)捕食(shi)(shi)小動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為主(zhu),寵物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗在(zai)(zai)人類的(de)(de)(de)馴(xun)化和長(chang)期影響下(xia)食(shi)(shi)性發(fa)生了(le)較大改變(bian),變(bian)成以(yi)肉食(shi)(shi)為主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)雜食(shi)(shi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)寵物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗甚至具(ju)有(you)廣食(shi)(shi)性,各種肉、蛋(dan)(dan)、動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)骨血、內(nei)臟等(deng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)性食(shi)(shi)料,各種糧食(shi)(shi)作物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)加工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)、各種豆類籽實以(yi)及各類蔬菜、果品(pin)(pin)等(deng)均(jun)可攝(she)食(shi)(shi)。但在(zai)(zai)飼養寵物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗時(shi)(shi)最好以(yi)肉食(shi)(shi)為主(zhu),在(zai)(zai)其飼料中(zhong)應配置(zhi)較多的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蛋(dan)(dan)白和脂肪,輔以(yi)素(su)食(shi)(shi),否(fou)則容(rong)易出現營養不良(liang),其正常生長(chang)發(fa)育和健(jian)(jian)康得(de)不到保障。犬具(ju)有(you)食(shi)(shi)肉的(de)(de)(de)生理特性,如(ru)其犬齒、臼齒都較尖銳、強(qiang)健(jian)(jian),利于撕咬、切斷,胃中(zhong)鹽(yan)酸的(de)(de)(de)含量在(zai)(zai)家畜中(zhong)居(ju)于首(shou)位,腸壁厚,容(rong)易消化肉食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),但不善咀嚼,進食(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)“狼吞虎咽”。了(le)解了(le)這(zhe)些特性,以(yi)免寵物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗進食(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)刺傷口腔、食(shi)(shi)道(dao)。俗話說“狗改不了(le)吃屎”,狗不但吃人屎,也吃狗屎,這(zhe)是(shi)狗的(de)(de)(de)惡習,必須糾正。
狗(gou)生性好群居,且(qie)有(you)明顯的(de)(de)等級(ji)習性,保護(hu)同(tong)伴,敬畏領袖(xiu)(xiu)。狗(gou)群中總(zong)是(shi)有(you)一只(zhi)(zhi)狗(gou)處于首領的(de)(de)地位成(cheng)為頭(tou)(tou)犬(quan)(quan),它(ta)帶領狗(gou)群活動,支配、管轄著(zhu)(zhu)狗(gou)群。頭(tou)(tou)犬(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)首領地位通(tong)過爭(zheng)斗獲得。通(tong)常頭(tou)(tou)犬(quan)(quan)只(zhi)(zhi)許自己不(bu)(bu)許對(dui)方檢查它(ta)犬(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)生殖器官(guan);不(bu)(bu)準其它(ta)狗(gou)向(xiang)其排過尿的(de)(de)地方排尿,其它(ta)犬(quan)(quan)可在(zai)頭(tou)(tou)犬(quan)(quan)面前搖頭(tou)(tou)、擺尾、頑皮或(huo)(huo)退走、坐下或(huo)(huo)躺著(zhu)(zhu),只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)頭(tou)(tou)犬(quan)(quan)離(li)開(kai)時(shi)才能(neng)站住。等級(ji)明確(que)后,敵(di)對(dui)狀(zhuang)態消除,開(kai)始成(cheng)為同(tong)伴、隊(dui)(dui)友(you)。寵物(wu)(wu)狗(gou)的(de)(de)主(zhu)人(ren)通(tong)常被寵物(wu)(wu)狗(gou)看作團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)領袖(xiu)(xiu),如果一個(ge)陌(mo)生者(人(ren)或(huo)(huo)狗(gou))被團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)領袖(xiu)(xiu)無敵(di)意地接(jie)受(shou),寵物(wu)(wu)狗(gou)一般也(ye)同(tong)樣(yang)接(jie)受(shou)。飼(si)養寵物(wu)(wu)狗(gou)必須(xu)讓(rang)它(ta)明白它(ta)是(shi)家(jia)(jia)庭團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)中地位最低的(de)(de)成(cheng)員(yuan),否則它(ta)不(bu)(bu)會服從家(jia)(jia)庭團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)其他成(cheng)員(yuan)。
狗(gou)有明(ming)顯的領地(di)習性(xing)(xing),習慣(guan)以尿或氣味來標記它的“勢力范圍”,且經常更新,以此來向(xiang)其它動物示(shi)意自己(ji)的“領地(di)”,警示(shi)其它動物不得侵入。一只(zhi)狗(gou)的氣味可以使另一只(zhi)狗(gou)知道這(zhe)只(zhi)狗(gou)的領地(di)、性(xing)(xing)別、年齡和健康等狀況。一塊(kuai)領地(di)只(zhi)可屬(shu)于一只(zhi)狗(gou)或一個狗(gou)群。
狗(gou)(gou)標記領(ling)地(di)(di)的(de)辦法就是在它平時行(xing)走的(de)路(lu)途(tu)選一(yi)(yi)些固定的(de)點撒少量的(de)尿,如(ru)(ru)公狗(gou)(gou)在外(wai)行(xing)走時常往(wang)一(yi)(yi)些樹干、路(lu)燈桿或(huo)路(lu)邊(bian)、地(di)(di)角撒尿標記它的(de)領(ling)地(di)(di)。外(wai)來(lai)犬(quan)(quan)如(ru)(ru)進入其它犬(quan)(quan)的(de)領(ling)地(di)(di),其行(xing)動格外(wai)謹慎,一(yi)(yi)旦領(ling)地(di)(di)犬(quan)(quan)來(lai)了,外(wai)來(lai)犬(quan)(quan)不敢看領(ling)地(di)(di)犬(quan)(quan),假裝(zhuang)忙自(zi)己的(de)事(shi),乘(cheng)機離去以(yi)免(mian)與領(ling)地(di)(di)犬(quan)(quan)打斗。寵物(wu)狗(gou)(gou)在自(zi)己的(de)領(ling)地(di)(di)會顯得神氣(qi)無比(bi)。公狗(gou)(gou)的(de)領(ling)地(di)(di)習性比(bi)母狗(gou)(gou)要明顯。
狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)習性表現為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)咬人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)或(huo)(huo)小動物,如(ru)不(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)加調教,非常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)危險(xian)。狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和異(yi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)出于保護主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、保護領(ling)地、防(fang)衛自身(shen)安全、爭(zheng)取狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)群(qun)(qun)支配權的(de)(de)(de)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),但這些正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)如(ru)過(guo)于強(qiang)烈,違背了(le)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)意愿就(jiu)是(shi)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),如(ru)陌生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)打(da)架、吵(chao)架或(huo)(huo)糾纏,狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)挺身(shen)而出,向陌生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),這是(shi)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),但如(ru)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)指令狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)停止攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)不(bu)(bu)服從指令仍然繼續攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),以(yi)至于傷害陌生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),這就(jiu)是(shi)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei);如(ru)對進入主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)住所(suo)或(huo)(huo)庭院的(de)(de)(de)陌生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),這是(shi)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)住所(suo)或(huo)(huo)庭院被狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)視為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)地,有防(fang)衛本(ben)能(neng)(neng),但如(ru)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)指令狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)不(bu)(bu)要攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)訪者(zhe),狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)不(bu)(bu)聽從指令仍然攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)訪者(zhe),以(yi)至于主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)親朋好友都不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)進入主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)住所(suo)或(huo)(huo)庭院,這就(jiu)是(shi)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei);狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)有防(fang)衛的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)性,如(ru)自身(shen)安全受到(dao)威脅它會(hui)采取攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),這是(shi)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),但如(ru)果傷及無辜就(jiu)是(shi)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei);狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)群(qun)(qun)內為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)爭(zheng)取首領(ling)(頭犬)地位(wei),狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)與狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)會(hui)發生(sheng)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),這是(shi)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),接受支配和服從的(de)(de)(de)角色是(shi)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)本(ben)能(neng)(neng),爭(zheng)取狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)群(qun)(qun)支配權也是(shi)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)本(ben)能(neng)(neng),只要狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)群(qun)(qun)確(que)定了(le)等級(ji)關(guan)(guan)系就(jiu)會(hui)相安無事(shi),友好相處(chu),但如(ru)果主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)現身(shen)時,狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)群(qun)(qun)間發生(sheng)激烈的(de)(de)(de)打(da)斗,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)沒(mei)現身(shen)時狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)群(qun)(qun)風平浪(lang)靜,這就(jiu)是(shi)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),說明狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)群(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)等級(ji)關(guan)(guan)系沒(mei)有確(que)定,狗(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)仗(zhang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)勢(shi)爭(zheng)奪首領(ling)(頭犬)地位(wei)。
狗常(chang)(chang)見(jian)的(de)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擊行(xing)為(wei)有對(dui)小(xiao)孩競爭性攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擊行(xing)為(wei)、捕(bu)捉甚至殺死小(xiao)動物(wu)的(de)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擊行(xing)為(wei)等(deng)。本來溫順的(de)寵物(wu)狗有時(shi)突然對(dui)主人家的(de)小(xiao)孩吠咬,使小(xiao)孩受到驚嚇(xia)和(he)傷害,這(zhe)是(shi)狗對(dui)小(xiao)孩競爭性攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擊行(xing)為(wei),是(shi)一種異(yi)常(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擊行(xing)為(wei),其(qi)原因是(shi)狗與小(xiao)孩爭寵,狗嫉妒主人關愛(ai)小(xiao)孩比自己(ji)多(duo);狗雖然被馴化(hua)了幾千年,但狗仍然具有逐獵(lie)和(he)捕(bu)捉獵(lie)物(wu)的(de)習性,常(chang)(chang)見(jian)它們煞有其(qi)事(shi)地(di)追趕“獵(lie)物(wu)”,到最后幾秒鐘時(shi)又會(hui)突然放棄,有的(de)會(hui)對(dui)小(xiao)動物(wu)突然發起捕(bu)捉甚至殺死,如殺死雞、鴨等(deng),這(zhe)些(xie)都是(shi)狗的(de)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擊行(xing)為(wei)。狗的(de)正常(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擊行(xing)為(wei)可以(yi)合理引導,其(qi)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擊行(xing)為(wei)則要及時(shi)矯正,嚴(yan)加調教。
狗(gou)是狼的(de)(de)(de)后代,吠(fei)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是狗(gou)繼承狼的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)行為習性,常作為聯(lian)系同(tong)(tong)伴的(de)(de)(de)“語(yu)言”。狗(gou)隨著(zhu)與(yu)(yu)人類(lei)共同(tong)(tong)生活不(bu)斷進化,吠(fei)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也成(cheng)為其與(yu)(yu)人聯(lian)系和(he)表達(da)情(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi)。由于品種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)(tong),狗(gou)有大有小(xiao),叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)聲也有高(gao)有低,但節奏和(he)吠(fei)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)基本是一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)。狗(gou)的(de)(de)(de)吠(fei)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)可以表達(da)哭鬧、傷心(xin)(xin)、寂寞(mo)、哀怨、悲傷、不(bu)開(kai)心(xin)(xin)、傷痛、痛苦、高(gao)興、催促、報信(xin)、威脅(xie)、憤(fen)怒、仇視、警覺等(deng)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)情(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)。但并不(bu)是所有的(de)(de)(de)狗(gou)都會(hui)吠(fei)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),也有不(bu)吠(fei)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)狗(gou)。
現代都市(shi)有的樓(lou)房高達幾十(shi)層,在這種樓(lou)房里(li)養狗(gou),夜深人(ren)靜(jing)時(shi)一旦狗(gou)吠(fei)叫起(qi)來(lai)有時(shi)可傳至周(zhou)好(hao)幾平方千米,因此養狗(gou)要考慮(lv)周(zhou)邊環境,避免擾(rao)民(min)。
狗(gou)(gou)(gou)非常喜(xi)歡(huan)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)交(jiao)往甚至勝過(guo)同(tong)類(lei)。喜(xi)歡(huan)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)交(jiao)往是(shi)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)天生的(de)習性,不僅僅是(shi)因為(wei)(wei)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)交(jiao)往可以(yi)(yi)得(de)到(dao)照顧,有(you)(you)吃有(you)(you)住,更主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)因為(wei)(wei)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)是(shi)一種有(you)(you)靈性的(de)動物,聽覺(jue)靈敏,嗅覺(jue)驚人(ren)(ren)(ren),記憶(yi)力(li)也(ye)強,在與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)伴的(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)能建立感(gan)情,對主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)強烈的(de)保護心(xin)理。狗(gou)(gou)(gou)會(hui)從(cong)水中(zhong)、失火(huo)的(de)房子里以(yi)(yi)及(ji)其他(ta)災難中(zhong)救援(yuan)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),如果(guo)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)去(qu)世,狗(gou)(gou)(gou)會(hui)悲傷(shang),有(you)(you)的(de)不吃不喝(he),有(you)(you)的(de)對任何事情都無精打采,有(you)(you)的(de)為(wei)(wei)了主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)犧牲了自己的(de)性命,真(zhen)實(shi)感(gan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)故(gu)事很多,這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)成為(wei)(wei)最(zui)受家庭喜(xi)歡(huan)的(de)寵(chong)物的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原因。
1、給(gei)小狗(gou)(gou)取個好聽(ting)的名(ming)字,經(jing)常看(kan)著(zhu)它并叫(jiao)它的名(ming)字,讓(rang)它知(zhi)道你(ni)是(shi)在(zai)和它打招(zhao)呼。久而(er)久之,它一(yi)聽(ting)見(jian)自己的名(ming)字就會屁(pi)顛(dian)(dian)屁(pi)顛(dian)(dian)地過來你(ni)跟前(qian),別忘了(le)給(gei)它一(yi)點狗(gou)(gou)糧獎勵它的聽(ting)話(hua)舉動。
2、頑皮是大多數小(xiao)(xiao)狗(gou)的(de)天性,經常(chang)在家里(li)撕扯衣服或(huo)小(xiao)(xiao)孩玩(wan)具或(huo)者亂吠亂咬。當(dang)狗(gou)出現這種情(qing)況(kuang)時,主人應該及時的(de)阻止,不要給它(ta)(ta)食(shi)物,否則它(ta)(ta)會因此認為它(ta)(ta)做的(de)是正確(que)的(de)。應該適時給予它(ta)(ta)一些(xie)懲罰,比(bi)如關一會廁所(suo),把(ba)玩(wan)具和食(shi)物藏起來都是行(xing)之有(you)效的(de)方法。
3、給狗狗佩(pei)戴一(yi)個適合的鎖鏈,經常(chang)性的帶它出去散散步透透風(feng),老是(shi)悶(men)在家里狗狗也會煩悶(men),帶它出去開(kai)開(kai)眼界(jie),到人多的地方走一(yi)走,聽聽不同的聲音。
4、一定(ding)不(bu)能打罵(ma)狗(gou)狗(gou),會(hui)給狗(gou)狗(gou)留(liu)下難以磨滅的(de)印(yin)象的(de)。尤其是(shi)小狗(gou)狗(gou),還會(hui)讓(rang)狗(gou)狗(gou)對你產生畏(wei)懼的(de)情感,失去頑皮的(de)天性和對你的(de)依(yi)賴。
春秋兩季,狗狗進入換毛期,被毛大量脫落,附著在室內各種物體、人身上(shang)影響(xiang)室內衛生,如果被犬(quan)誤食還會(hui)影響(xiang)犬(quan)的消化。因(yin)此,要經常給犬(quan)梳理被毛,這樣不僅可(ke)除(chu)去脫(tuo)落的被毛污垢(gou)和灰塵(chen),防止被毛纏結,而(er)且還可(ke)促進血液循(xun)環,增強皮(pi)膚抵抗(kang)力,解(jie)除(chu)疲勞。
洗澡的目的。犬皮脂腺的分泌物有一種難聞的氣味,而且還會沾上污穢物使被毛纏結,發出陣陣臭味。如果不給(gei)犬(quan)(quan)洗澡,就容(rong)易招致病原微生(sheng)(sheng)物和寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)蟲的侵襲,使你的犬(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)病。因此,必須給(gei)犬(quan)(quan)洗澡,保持皮膚的清潔生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)利于犬(quan)(quan)的健康。
洗(xi)(xi)澡的(de)方法。幼犬由于抵抗力(li)較弱,易因(yin)洗(xi)(xi)澡受涼而發生呼(hu)吸道感(gan)染(ran)、感(gan)冒(mao)和肺炎(yan)。因(yin)此,半歲以(yi)內的(de)幼不(bu)宜(yi)水(shui)浴,干洗(xi)(xi)為宜(yi),每天或隔天噴灑稀釋(shi)1000倍以(yi)上的(de)護發素和嬰(ying)兒爽身粉,頻繁(fan)梳刷,即可代替水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)。仔犬怕洗(xi)(xi)澡,尤(you)其是(shi)沙皮(pi)仔犬更是(shi)怕水(shui)。因(yin)此,要(yao)做(zuo)好仔犬第一次洗(xi)(xi)澡的(de)訓練工作(zuo),用臉(lian)盆(pen)裝(zhuang)滿溫水(shui),把仔犬放入(ru)盆(pen)內,露出頭和脖子,這(zhe)樣會(hui)使犬感(gan)到舒服,以(yi)后(hou)也(ye)就(jiu)不(bu)會(hui)不(bu)愿(yuan)洗(xi)(xi)澡了。
正確的(de)入浴方(fang)法如下(xia):犬(quan)頭(tou)向(xiang)你(ni)的(de)左側(ce)站(zhan)立,左手(shou)擋住(zhu)犬(quan)頭(tou)部(bu)下(xia)方(fang)到胸前(qian)部(bu)位(wei),固定好犬(quan)體(ti)。右(you)手(shou)置(zhi)于浴中,用溫水(shui),按臀(tun)部(bu)、背(bei)部(bu)、腹背(bei)、后肢、肩(jian)部(bu)及前(qian)肢的(de)順序輕(qing)輕(qing)淋濕,涂(tu)上(shang)洗(xi)發精(最(zui)好是(shi)寵物(wu)香波),輕(qing)輕(qing)揉搓(cuo)后,用梳(shu)子(zi)很快梳(shu)洗(xi),在沖(chong)(chong)洗(xi)前(qian)用手(shou)指按壓肛門兩(liang)側(ce),把肛門腺的(de)分泌物(wu)擠出來(lai)。用左手(shou)或(huo)右(you)手(shou)從下(xia)腭(e)部(bu)向(xiang)上(shang)將兩(liang)耳遮住(zhu),用清水(shui)輕(qing)輕(qing)地(di)從頭(tou)頂往下(xia)沖(chong)(chong)洗(xi),注(zhu)意(yi)防止水(shui)流入耳朵,然后由(you)前(qian)往后將體(ti)軀各部(bu)用清水(shui)沖(chong)(chong)洗(xi)凈,并立即用毛(mao)(mao)巾(jin)包住(zhu)頭(tou)部(bu),將水(shui)擦干。長毛(mao)(mao)犬(quan)可用吹風機(ji)吹干,在吹風的(de)同時,要(yao)不斷地(di)梳(shu)毛(mao)(mao),只(zhi)要(yao)犬(quan)身未干,就應一(yi)直梳(shu)到毛(mao)(mao)干為止。
挑(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)選寵(chong)(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)主要考慮三點,一是(shi)挑(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)自己(ji)最(zui)喜歡的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。寵(chong)(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)繁多(duo),外貌也(ye)千姿百態。討人喜歡的(de)(de)(de)(de)很多(duo),但限于財力、精(jing)力不(bu)可(ke)能養(yang)(yang)很多(duo)條,因(yin)此要挑(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)選自己(ji)最(zui)喜歡的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)個體(ti),這樣收養(yang)(yang)后與其朝夕相伴才能精(jing)心照料,“兩情相悅”。二是(shi)挑(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)適合自己(ji)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。寵(chong)(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)有很多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)類方法,按體(ti)形(xing)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)、中型(xing)(xing)、小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)和極小(xiao)型(xing)(xing),體(ti)高(gao)(gao)61cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)體(ti)重40kg以(yi)(yi)上(shang)屬大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing),很多(duo)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)寵(chong)(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)體(ti)高(gao)(gao)超(chao)過1m,體(ti)重超(chao)過100kg;體(ti)高(gao)(gao)40.7~61cm體(ti)重30~40kg屬中型(xing)(xing);體(ti)高(gao)(gao)25.5~40.7cm體(ti)重30kg屬小(xiao)型(xing)(xing);體(ti)高(gao)(gao)25cm以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)體(ti)重4kg以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)屬極小(xiao)型(xing)(xing);有的(de)(de)(de)(de)袖珍狗(gou)(gou)(gou)體(ti)高(gao)(gao)只有12cm,體(ti)重不(bu)足0.5kg。大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)寵(chong)(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)養(yang)(yang)起來很威(wei)風,“回(hui)頭率”很高(gao)(gao),但很多(duo)人不(bu)具備飼(si)養(yang)(yang)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)寵(chong)(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件,因(yin)此要挑(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)適合自己(ji)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。三是(shi)挑(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)健(jian)康的(de)(de)(de)(de)個體(ti)。健(jian)康的(de)(de)(de)(de)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)活潑(po)好動(dong),看起來很精(jing)神,眼(yan)睛很亮,眼(yan)結膜呈粉紅(hong)色(se),無(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)泌物(wu)(wu),不(bu)流淚;鼻端濕涼無(wu)(wu)黏液,無(wu)(wu)異(yi)常分(fen)(fen)泌物(wu)(wu);口腔無(wu)(wu)異(yi)味,舌鮮紅(hong)無(wu)(wu)舌苔,牙(ya)齒(chi)潔(jie)白,沒有閉合不(bu)全現象,不(bu)流涎;毛色(se)新鮮,皮毛溫而不(bu)熱,蓬松(song)整(zheng)潔(jie),無(wu)(wu)脫毛,沒有虱蟲;肛(gang)門(men)緊縮,周(zhou)圍清潔(jie)無(wu)(wu)異(yi)物(wu)(wu)。此外,盡(jin)量挑(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)經過調教的(de)(de)(de)(de)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)或3周(zhou)齡左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)狗(gou)(gou)(gou),這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)狗(gou)(gou)(gou)便(bian)于以(yi)(yi)后調教訓練。
準備(bei)寵物狗的(de)用具
飼養寵(chong)物(wu)狗要準備一些必需(xu)用(yong)(yong)具,如狗舍、食盆、食盤、水碗、刷(shua)子、梳子、剃刀、電(dian)吹風等,還可準備一些寵(chong)物(wu)狗的玩具。這些用(yong)(yong)具可以(yi)到寵(chong)物(wu)店挑選(xuan)購買,也可利用(yong)(yong)自家的一些閑置物(wu)件自己(ji)改造(zao)制作。
給寵物狗(gou)“領證”
飼養寵(chong)物狗(gou)應(ying)按政府(fu)有關部門的(de)規定辦(ban)證,一般流程是養狗(gou)人先到(dao)(dao)當(dang)地派出所(suo)領取申請養狗(gou)登記表(biao),按要(yao)求填實內容,粘(zhan)貼狗(gou)狗(gou)照(zhao)片(pian)、狗(gou)主照(zhao)片(pian),到(dao)(dao)轄(xia)區派出所(suo)、公安局(ju)逐級審(shen)核,或到(dao)(dao)轄(xia)區政府(fu)一站式服務大廳辦(ban)理(li)。
寵物狗的飲食
寵物狗(gou)的(de)飲食原則是定時、定量、定質、定次、定點(dian)、定溫。
定(ding)(ding)(ding)時就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)根據寵(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)需求兼顧自己的(de)(de)時間選定(ding)(ding)(ding)飼喂(wei)時間,飼喂(wei)時間一旦確定(ding)(ding)(ding),每天(tian)均定(ding)(ding)(ding)時飼喂(wei),不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)隨意(yi)變化,這(zhe)樣(yang)寵(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗(gou)(gou)就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)(neng)建起條(tiao)件(jian)反(fan)射(she)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)量就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)控制(zhi)寵(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)量,不(bu)(bu)饑(ji)不(bu)(bu)飽為宜,相當于人的(de)(de)七分飽或八分飽,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)忽(hu)多忽(hu)少,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)暴飲(yin)暴食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)質(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)保證寵(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)量,包括清潔的(de)(de)飲(yin)水、安全(quan)的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、營養平衡(heng)等。寵(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主要分為2種,一種是(shi)購(gou)買專業的(de)(de)狗(gou)(gou)糧,一種是(shi)吃(chi)人的(de)(de)剩(sheng)菜剩(sheng)飯,2種食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)均可(ke)(ke),需要注意(yi)的(de)(de)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)飼喂(wei)霉變的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)飼喂(wei)朱(zhu)古(gu)力(li)、洋(yang)蔥(cong)、蒜(suan)頭、雞骨(gu)牛(niu)骨(gu)、豬骨(gu)、蝦蟹等食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)飼喂(wei)生(sheng)的(de)(de)或未(wei)完(wan)全(quan)煮(zhu)熟的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)飼喂(wei)油膩的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)長期飼喂(wei)甜味或刺(ci)激性的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),一旦食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)毒(du),不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)用鹽刺(ci)激催吐。定(ding)(ding)(ding)次就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)寵(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗(gou)(gou)每天(tian)的(de)(de)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)次數,成(cheng)年(nian)狗(gou)(gou)每天(tian)早(zao)晚各喂(wei)一次即可(ke)(ke)。幼年(nian)狗(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)次數可(ke)(ke)多1~2次。定(ding)(ding)(ding)點(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)寵(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地點(dian)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)溫(wen)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)寵(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)要有一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)過(guo)熱過(guo)冷,冬天(tian)給(gei)溫(wen)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),夏天(tian)給(gei)冷食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),一般(ban)先食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后飲(yin)。
寵物狗的疾病防治飼養寵物狗一定要注射疫苗,以免寵物狗傷人致人發病,另外也要定期驅蟲,預防寄生蟲感染。這些專業的工作一定要到正規的寵物醫院找專業的寵物醫生請教、辦理。寵物狗免疫接種的疫(yi)苗(miao)一(yi)般包括狂犬(quan)病疫(yi)苗(miao)、犬(quan)瘟熱疫(yi)苗(miao)、肝炎疫(yi)苗(miao)等。無論寵物狗是否注射疫(yi)苗(miao),一(yi)旦(dan)人被寵物狗咬(yao)傷,一(yi)定(ding)要第一(yi)時間到正規醫(yi)院找(zhao)醫(yi)生(sheng)處理。
犬(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)、細(xi)小病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)均是寵(chong)物狗的常(chang)見流行(xing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),對狗的身(shen)體健康具有顯著(zhu)影響,嚴(yan)重時直接威脅到寵(chong)物狗的生命安全。目(mu)前(qian),雖然(ran)很多寵(chong)物狗主人每年都會為其進行(xing)防疫處理,但是上述(shu)兩(liang)種流行(xing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)率仍然(ran)居高不下。結(jie)合(he)上述(shu)流行(xing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)特征,結(jie)合(he)臨床癥狀,提(ti)出診斷要點(dian),并對防治(zhi)方法進行(xing)分析和總結(jie),現(xian)做詳細(xi)匯報。
犬(quan)(quan)瘟(wen)病(bing)(bing)。通(tong)常情況下(xia),犬(quan)(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)流行病(bing)(bing)多出(chu)現在(zai)寵(chong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗幼犬(quan)(quan)中,此種疾病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)主(zhu)要為犬(quan)(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)病(bing)(bing)毒(du),對幼犬(quan)(quan)健康(kang)造成嚴重(zhong)影響。犬(quan)(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)可(ke)導致(zhi)(zhi)寵(chong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗出(chu)現嚴重(zhong)消化不良,并(bing)出(chu)現鼻(bi)炎(yan)、呼(hu)吸受(shou)阻等表現,部分病(bing)(bing)犬(quan)(quan)會并(bing)發腦炎(yan),威脅病(bing)(bing)犬(quan)(quan)生(sheng)命。犬(quan)(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)一(yi)般分布(bu)在(zai)病(bing)(bing)犬(quan)(quan)排泄物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中,同時其分泌物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中也存在(zai)大量(liang)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)。健康(kang)寵(chong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狗感染犬(quan)(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)通(tong)常有(you)兩種途徑(jing),一(yi)是(shi)直(zhi)接接觸含(han)有(you)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)的(de)(de)食物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),二是(shi)與(yu)本身已經發生(sheng)犬(quan)(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)病(bing)(bing)犬(quan)(quan)接觸。犬(quan)(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)一(yi)年四季(ji)(ji)均可(ke)出(chu)現,其中以(yi)春季(ji)(ji)和(he)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)為高發季(ji)(ji)節,尤其在(zai)天氣變化比(bi)(bi)較顯著的(de)(de)階(jie)段。一(yi)般情況下(xia),1~2歲寵(chong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)犬(quan)(quan)比(bi)(bi)較容易發生(sheng)犬(quan)(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)感染。
臨床(chuang)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)。犬(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)可對(dui)病(bing)(bing)(bing)犬(quan)呼吸(xi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)造成損傷,使其呼吸(xi)局(ju)促。部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)犬(quan)可出(chu)現(xian)(xian)眼(yan)結膜潮(chao)紅,且眼(yan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)泌物明(ming)顯增加。同時(shi),病(bing)(bing)(bing)犬(quan)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)顫抖(dou)、畏(wei)寒(han)、透明(ming)鼻涕等,鼻眼(yan)分(fen)泌物可逐漸轉(zhuan)為(wei)(wei)膿性分(fen)泌物,導(dao)致(zhi)局(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)皮(pi)膚(fu)潰(kui)爛(lan)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)犬(quan)胃腸道功(gong)(gong)能(neng)受(shou)到嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響(xiang),不僅會(hui)(hui)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)嘔(ou)吐、瀉(xie)下(xia)等表(biao)現(xian)(xian),還(huan)會(hui)(hui)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)食(shi)欲減退,導(dao)致(zhi)身形(xing)消瘦。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)犬(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)感(gan)染(ran)(ran)病(bing)(bing)(bing)犬(quan)而(er)言,除上述癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)外(wai),部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)犬(quan)還(huan)會(hui)(hui)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)肌肉疼痛、痙攣等表(biao)現(xian)(xian),并合(he)并嚴(yan)重(zhong)神(shen)經癥(zheng)狀(zhuang),導(dao)致(zhi)昏(hun)迷。犬(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)三(san)個階段(duan),每個階段(duan)臨床(chuang)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)略(lve)有(you)不同,表(biao)1中(zhong)內(nei)容為(wei)(wei)犬(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)主(zhu)要(yao)臨床(chuang)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)。染(ran)(ran)源,減少病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)大量(liang)爆發(fa)(fa)概率。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)犬(quan)而(er)言,應根據其發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)所處階段(duan),對(dui)其進(jin)行積極(ji)治(zhi)療(liao)。發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)初期可采(cai)用單(dan)抗(kang)或血(xue)清盡心治(zhi)療(liao),同時(shi)也可采(cai)用犬(quan)瘟(wen)熱(re)高(gao)(gao)免血(xue)清,來對(dui)病(bing)(bing)(bing)犬(quan)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)感(gan)染(ran)(ran)進(jin)行中(zhong)和(he)處理,配合(he)免疫球(qiu)蛋白攝入,有(you)效提高(gao)(gao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)犬(quan)的免疫功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。在積極(ji)開(kai)展特異性治(zhi)療(liao)的同時(shi),還(huan)要(yao)進(jin)行相應抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)治(zhi)療(liao)。若(ruo)合(he)并多(duo)種(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)原(yuan)菌感(gan)染(ran)(ran),則采(cai)用抗(kang)生(sheng)素進(jin)行治(zhi)療(liao)。
細小(xiao)(xiao)病(bing)毒病(bing)。細小(xiao)(xiao)病(bing)毒病(bing)的(de)主要流(liu)(liu)行特(te)點為(wei)傳染性(xing)較(jiao)強(qiang),但是病(bing)程比較(jiao)短,此種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)行病(bing)的(de)致病(bing)菌主要為(wei)犬細小(xiao)(xiao)病(bing)毒。發(fa)病(bing)初期,病(bing)犬可出現比較(jiao)嚴重(zhong)的(de)胃(wei)腸道(dao)表現,嘔吐癥(zheng)狀比較(jiao)顯著。發(fa)病(bing)后期通常(chang)會出現拉稀表現,糞便中夾雜血絲,且便味比較(jiao)濃(nong)重(zhong),便色為(wei)番茄紅。在對細小(xiao)(xiao)病(bing)毒病(bing)進行診斷(duan)時,通常(chang)無須開展實(shi)驗室(shi)檢驗,采用專用試紙(zhi)即可明確病(bing)情。
臨床癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。細(xi)小(xiao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)病(bing)(bing)(bing)主要(yao)分(fen)為(wei)兩(liang)種癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)型,一是腸炎型,二(er)是心肌(ji)炎型。其中,腸炎型通常在病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)感染2周內出現(xian)(xian)(xian)臨床癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)初(chu)(chu)期病(bing)(bing)(bing)犬體(ti)溫明顯(xian)升(sheng)高,食(shi)欲減(jian)退,并(bing)(bing)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)嘔吐、腹(fu)瀉癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)初(chu)(chu)期糞(fen)便比較(jiao)稀,病(bing)(bing)(bing)程推進后可(ke)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)便血癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),糞(fen)便顏(yan)色呈咖(ka)啡色。與(yu)此同時(shi),病(bing)(bing)(bing)犬全身乏力,體(ti)重顯(xian)著(zhu)降(jiang)低,并(bing)(bing)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)眼球下陷表現(xian)(xian)(xian),若忽視治(zhi)療,則(ze)會引發(fa)休克和死亡。對于(yu)心肌(ji)炎型而言,此癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)型比較(jiao)少見(jian),發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)前無顯(xian)著(zhu)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)及體(ti)征(zheng)表現(xian)(xian)(xian),不僅發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)突然,同時(shi)也會導(dao)(dao)致體(ti)溫上升(sheng),并(bing)(bing)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)呼吸受阻、胃腸道(dao)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)等。細(xi)小(xiao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)病(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)導(dao)(dao)致食(shi)欲嚴(yan)重下降(jiang),嚴(yan)重時(shi)無法進食(shi),并(bing)(bing)且腹(fu)瀉、嘔吐等癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)可(ke)加重水(shui)電解質失衡,導(dao)(dao)致有(you)效循環血容量顯(xian)著(zhu)降(jiang)低,引起微循環功能(neng)障(zhang)礙。
鑒別(bie)診斷要點。由于細(xi)小(xiao)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)比較突然,且(qie)病(bing)(bing)程短,對病(bing)(bing)犬(quan)生命安全具有顯著威脅(xie),因(yin)此在對其進行(xing)(xing)臨床(chuang)診斷時,應將(jiang)其與(yu)其他流(liu)。行(xing)(xing)病(bing)(bing)進行(xing)(xing)有效(xiao)區(qu)分,并及(ji)時采取對癥治療干預措施,避免(mian)發(fa)生病(bing)(bing)情遷延現象,提高臨床(chuang)治療效(xiao)果。例如(ru),細(xi)小(xiao)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)與(yu)犬(quan)瘟熱(re)均可(ke)導(dao)致病(bing)(bing)犬(quan)出現嚴重腹(fu)瀉及(ji)嘔(ou)吐(tu)(tu)癥狀,但是(shi)可(ke)通過辨別(bie)排泄物(wu)做出區(qu)分,細(xi)小(xiao)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)可(ke)導(dao)致病(bing)(bing)犬(quan)排泄腥臭(chou)糞(fen)便,且(qie)顏色(se)類似番茄(qie)紅(hong),犬(quan)瘟熱(re)則不會出現上述表(biao)(biao)現。再如(ru),細(xi)小(xiao)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)、犬(quan)傳染肝炎(yan)均對出現脫(tuo)水、嘔(ou)吐(tu)(tu)、腹(fu)瀉及(ji)便血(xue)表(biao)(biao)現,但是(shi)細(xi)小(xiao)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)無黃疸(dan)、肝腫大(da)表(biao)(biao)現,可(ke)憑此進行(xing)(xing)鑒別(bie)診斷。
防(fang)治(zhi)策略。(1)預防(fang)措施:為有效(xiao)(xiao)預防(fang)細小病(bing)毒(du)病(bing),應在寵(chong)物狗幼犬(quan)時(shi)期,為其(qi)及(ji)時(shi)注射細小病(bing)毒(du)性腸炎疫苗接種。與此(ci)同時(shi),在對寵(chong)物狗進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行飼養時(shi),要(yao)保證(zheng)科學喂(wei)養,及(ji)時(shi)為其(qi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)微量元素,并在此(ci)基礎上補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)蔬菜(cai)成分,保證(zheng)飲食(shi)(shi)合(he)理,膳食(shi)(shi)纖維(wei)營(ying)養搭配(pei)。注意(yi)在飼養過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),不能(neng)喂(wei)食(shi)(shi)變質(zhi)食(shi)(shi)物或(huo)飼料,充(chong)分預防(fang)細小流行病(bing)。(2)治(zhi)療(liao)方法:為充(chong)分減(jian)(jian)少水電解質(zhi)失衡現(xian)象(xiang),維(wei)持正常(chang)血容(rong)(rong)量,減(jian)(jian)少休克發(fa)生率(lv)(lv),應積極(ji)采取(qu)有效(xiao)(xiao)措施對血容(rong)(rong)量進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行擴(kuo)充(chong)。在進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)液治(zhi)療(liao)時(shi),應結合(he)病(bing)犬(quan)實(shi)際病(bing)情,并對其(qi)脫水程(cheng)(cheng)度進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行判定。密切關(guan)注補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)液治(zhi)療(liao)過程(cheng)(cheng),若(ruo)發(fa)現(xian)病(bing)犬(quan)心(xin)跳恢復正常(chang),且能(neng)夠自主(zhu)排(pai)尿,則表(biao)示補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)液治(zhi)療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)果已(yi)經(jing)達到,可根據實(shi)際情況停(ting)止液體(ti)輸(shu)(shu)入。治(zhi)療(liao)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),應就以下幾點(dian)問題進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行注意(yi):其(qi)一,治(zhi)療(liao)時(shi)對病(bing)犬(quan)心(xin)肺功能(neng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行密切觀察,若(ruo)出現(xian)呼吸困難、心(xin)率(lv)(lv)過快表(biao)現(xian),則應對液體(ti)輸(shu)(shu)注速度進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行合(he)理調整,并限(xian)制輸(shu)(shu)入液體(ti)劑(ji)量。其(qi)二,針對需要(yao)大量補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)液的病(bing)犬(quan),應對液體(ti)溫度進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行控制,避免(mian)低溫補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)液,從而有效(xiao)(xiao)減(jian)(jian)少治(zhi)療(liao)風險。
在(zai)這(zhe)個高速度的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力山(shan)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會中(zhong),想要(yao)減輕自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力,從(cong)而(er)提(ti)高自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作效率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話,建議您不(bu)(bu)妨試(shi)試(shi)養(yang)(yang)寵物(wu)狗(gou)(gou)狗(gou)(gou),它會給你帶(dai)來很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樂趣,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)還會達到治(zhi)療疾病的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo),當(dang)然也(ye)是因(yin)人而(er)異,當(dang)你把寵物(wu)狗(gou)(gou)狗(gou)(gou)視為(wei)自(zi)己(ji)最親密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)朋(peng)友的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候,你就(jiu)會有(you)這(zhe)種感覺。對(dui)于一(yi)些子女在(zai)外,家(jia)里沒有(you)人相伴的(de)(de)(de)(de)孤單老(lao)人,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)喂養(yang)(yang)寵物(wu)狗(gou)(gou)狗(gou)(gou),因(yin)為(wei)這(zhe)樣可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使你的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活更加的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)實,解除生活的(de)(de)(de)(de)孤寂(ji)感。讓(rang)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小孩子飼養(yang)(yang)動物(wu),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)培養(yang)(yang)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)感、和要(yao)對(dui)動物(wu)有(you)愛心(xin)。當(dang)自(zi)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寵物(wu)狗(gou)(gou)狗(gou)(gou)與你有(you)了很多(duo)年(nian)感情之(zhi)后,你會把它當(dang)做親人看待(dai),舍不(bu)(bu)得它,寵物(wu)狗(gou)(gou)狗(gou)(gou)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)促進人與人之(zhi)間更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流與溝通(tong)。