紫丁香(xiang),中(zhong)藥名(ming)。為(wei)木(mu)犀科植物(wu)紫丁香(xiang)SyringaoblataLindl.的葉及樹皮(pi)。分布于(yu)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)、華(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)、西北(bei)(bei)(bei)以至西南達四(si)川西北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)。具(ju)有清熱(re),解(jie)毒,利濕,退黃(huang)之功效。用于(yu)急性(xing)瀉痢,黃(huang)疸型(xing)肝炎(yan),火(huo)眼,瘡瘍。
生于(yu)山谷溪邊、山坡叢林或灘地水邊。分布于(yu)東北(bei)、華北(bei)、西(xi)北(bei)以(yi)至西(xi)南(nan)四川西(xi)北(bei)部。
紫丁香(xiang)又(you)名:華北紫丁香(xiang),紫丁白。灌木或(huo)小喬木,高可達5米(mi)(mi);樹(shu)皮灰(hui)褐(he)色(se)或(huo)灰(hui)色(se)。小枝、花(hua)(hua)(hua)序軸、花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗、苞片(pian)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼、幼葉兩面以及葉柄(bing)均(jun)無(wu)毛而(er)密被腺毛。小枝較粗,疏(shu)生皮孔。葉片(pian)革(ge)質(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)厚紙質(zhi)(zhi),卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)腎形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)常大于(yu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-14厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)2-15厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),先(xian)端短凸尖(jian)至(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)漸(jian)尖(jian)或(huo)銳尖(jian),基部心形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、截(jie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)近圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),或(huo)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上面深綠色(se),下面淡(dan)綠色(se);萌枝上葉片(pian)常呈長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端漸(jian)尖(jian),基部截(jie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);葉柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。圓(yuan)(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)(hua)序直立,由側芽抽生,近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4-16(-20)厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)3-7(-10)厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),萼齒(chi)漸(jian)尖(jian)、銳尖(jian)或(huo)鈍;花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)紫色(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.1-2厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.8-1.7厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),裂片(pian)呈直角開(kai)展,卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)倒卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)3-5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),先(xian)端內彎略呈兜狀(zhuang)或(huo)不內彎;花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥黃色(se),位(wei)于(yu)距花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管喉部0-4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)處。果倒卵(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-1.5(-2)厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)4-8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),先(xian)端長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)漸(jian)尖(jian),光滑。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期4-5月,果期6-10月。
1、對心血管作用。隨著(zhu)血藥濃度(du)的增加,心率(lv)逐漸減慢,放室(shi)傳(chuan)導阻斷(duan),甚至形成室(shi)性自(zi)搏(bo)擊性節律,血壓逐漸下降,最后發生傳(chuan)導阻滯(zhi),心跳,呼吸停止。
2、抗驚厥作用(yong)。
3、抗菌作用。
4、其(qi)他作用(yong),具(ju)有鎮咳作用(yong),利膽作用(yong)。
功效
清熱,解毒,利(li)濕,退黃。
主治
用(yong)于急性(xing)瀉(xie)痢,黃(huang)疸型肝炎(yan),火眼,瘡瘍。