紫(zi)丁香,中藥名。為木(mu)犀科(ke)植物紫(zi)丁香SyringaoblataLindl.的葉(xie)及樹皮(pi)。分布于(yu)東(dong)北、華北、西(xi)北以至西(xi)南(nan)達四(si)川西(xi)北部。具有清熱(re),解毒,利濕(shi),退黃之功效。用于(yu)急(ji)性瀉痢,黃疸型(xing)肝炎,火眼,瘡(chuang)瘍。
生于山(shan)谷溪邊(bian)、山(shan)坡叢林或灘地水邊(bian)。分布于東北、華北、西北以至西南四川西北部。
紫丁香又名:華北(bei)紫丁香,紫丁白。灌(guan)木或(huo)(huo)小(xiao)喬木,高(gao)可達5米(mi)(mi)(mi);樹(shu)皮灰褐色(se)或(huo)(huo)灰色(se)。小(xiao)枝(zhi)、花(hua)序軸、花(hua)梗、苞片、花(hua)萼(e)(e)、幼葉兩(liang)面(mian)以及葉柄(bing)均無毛而密被(bei)腺毛。小(xiao)枝(zhi)較粗,疏生皮孔。葉片革(ge)質(zhi)或(huo)(huo)厚紙質(zhi),卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至腎(shen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),寬常大于長(chang)(chang),長(chang)(chang)2-14厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬2-15厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)短凸尖(jian)(jian)至長(chang)(chang)漸(jian)(jian)尖(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)銳尖(jian)(jian),基部(bu)(bu)心形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、截(jie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至近圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),或(huo)(huo)寬楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)面(mian)深綠色(se),下(xia)面(mian)淡綠色(se);萌枝(zhi)上(shang)葉片常呈長(chang)(chang)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)漸(jian)(jian)尖(jian)(jian),基部(bu)(bu)截(jie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至寬楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);葉柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)1-3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐花(hua)序直立,由(you)側芽抽生,近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)4-16(-20)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬3-7(-10)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)0.5-3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)萼(e)(e)長(chang)(chang)約3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),萼(e)(e)齒漸(jian)(jian)尖(jian)(jian)、銳尖(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)鈍;花(hua)冠紫色(se),長(chang)(chang)1.1-2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)冠管圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)0.8-1.7厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),裂片呈直角開(kai)展(zhan),卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)3-6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬3-5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)內彎(wan)略呈兜狀或(huo)(huo)不內彎(wan);花(hua)藥黃色(se),位于距(ju)花(hua)冠管喉(hou)部(bu)(bu)0-4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)處。果(guo)倒卵(luan)狀橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至長(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)1-1.5(-2)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬4-8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)長(chang)(chang)漸(jian)(jian)尖(jian)(jian),光滑(hua)。花(hua)期4-5月,果(guo)期6-10月。
1、對心血管作用(yong)。隨著血藥濃(nong)度的(de)增(zeng)加(jia),心率逐漸減慢(man),放(fang)室傳導(dao)阻(zu)斷,甚至形成室性自搏擊(ji)性節律,血壓逐漸下降,最后發生傳導(dao)阻(zu)滯,心跳,呼吸停止。
2、抗驚厥作用。
3、抗菌作用。
4、其他作用,具有鎮咳(ke)作用,利膽作用。
功效
清熱,解毒,利濕,退黃。
主治
用(yong)于急性瀉痢(li),黃疸型(xing)肝炎,火眼,瘡瘍。