紫丁(ding)香,中(zhong)藥(yao)名(ming)。為木犀科植物紫丁(ding)香SyringaoblataLindl.的葉及樹皮(pi)。分布于東(dong)北(bei)、華(hua)北(bei)、西(xi)北(bei)以至西(xi)南達(da)四川西(xi)北(bei)部。具有清熱,解毒,利濕,退黃之功效。用于急(ji)性瀉痢,黃疸型(xing)肝炎,火(huo)眼(yan),瘡瘍(yang)。
生于(yu)(yu)山谷溪邊、山坡叢林或灘地水邊。分布于(yu)(yu)東北(bei)、華北(bei)、西(xi)北(bei)以至西(xi)南四川西(xi)北(bei)部。
紫丁香(xiang)又名:華(hua)北紫丁香(xiang),紫丁白(bai)。灌木或(huo)小喬(qiao)木,高可達5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);樹皮(pi)灰褐色(se)(se)或(huo)灰色(se)(se)。小枝、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序軸(zhou)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗、苞(bao)片、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)(e)、幼葉兩(liang)面(mian)以及葉柄均(jun)無毛(mao)而密(mi)被腺(xian)毛(mao)。小枝較粗,疏生皮(pi)孔。葉片革質或(huo)厚紙(zhi)質,卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)腎(shen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)常大于(yu)長(chang)(chang)(chang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)2-14厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)2-15厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)(xian)端短凸尖(jian)至(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)漸尖(jian)或(huo)銳(rui)尖(jian),基(ji)(ji)部(bu)心形(xing)(xing)(xing)、截(jie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)近圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),或(huo)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)面(mian)深綠(lv)色(se)(se),下面(mian)淡(dan)綠(lv)色(se)(se);萌枝上(shang)葉片常呈長(chang)(chang)(chang)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端漸尖(jian),基(ji)(ji)部(bu)截(jie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing);葉柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。圓(yuan)錐(zhui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序直(zhi)(zhi)立,由側芽抽(chou)生,近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)4-16(-20)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)3-7(-10)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)(e)長(chang)(chang)(chang)約3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),萼(e)(e)齒漸尖(jian)、銳(rui)尖(jian)或(huo)鈍;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)紫色(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)1.1-2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管(guan)(guan)圓(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)0.8-1.7厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),裂片呈直(zhi)(zhi)角開展,卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)倒(dao)卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)3-6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)3-5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)(xian)端內彎(wan)略(lve)呈兜(dou)狀或(huo)不內彎(wan);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥黃色(se)(se),位于(yu)距花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管(guan)(guan)喉部(bu)0-4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)。果倒(dao)卵狀橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)1-1.5(-2)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)4-8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)(xian)端長(chang)(chang)(chang)漸尖(jian),光滑。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期4-5月,果期6-10月。
1、對心血(xue)管作(zuo)用。隨著血(xue)藥濃(nong)度的增(zeng)加,心率逐(zhu)漸減(jian)慢,放室傳(chuan)(chuan)導阻斷,甚至形成(cheng)室性自搏擊性節律(lv),血(xue)壓逐(zhu)漸下(xia)降(jiang),最后發生傳(chuan)(chuan)導阻滯(zhi),心跳,呼(hu)吸停止。
2、抗(kang)驚(jing)厥作(zuo)用。
3、抗菌作用。
4、其他作(zuo)用,具有鎮(zhen)咳(ke)作(zuo)用,利膽(dan)作(zuo)用。
功效
清(qing)熱,解毒,利(li)濕,退黃。
主治
用(yong)于(yu)急性瀉痢,黃疸(dan)型肝炎,火眼,瘡瘍。