紫丁香,中藥名。為木(mu)犀(xi)科植物(wu)紫丁香SyringaoblataLindl.的葉及樹(shu)皮。分布于(yu)東北、華北、西(xi)北以(yi)至西(xi)南達四川西(xi)北部。具有(you)清熱(re),解毒,利濕,退(tui)黃(huang)之(zhi)功效(xiao)。用于(yu)急性瀉痢,黃(huang)疸型肝炎,火(huo)眼,瘡瘍。
生(sheng)于(yu)山谷溪邊(bian)、山坡叢林或灘(tan)地水邊(bian)。分布于(yu)東北、華北、西(xi)北以至西(xi)南四川(chuan)西(xi)北部。
紫(zi)丁香又名:華北紫(zi)丁香,紫(zi)丁白。灌木或小(xiao)喬木,高(gao)可(ke)達5米(mi)(mi)(mi);樹皮(pi)灰褐(he)色或灰色。小(xiao)枝、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序軸、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗、苞片(pian)(pian)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)、幼(you)葉(xie)兩面(mian)以及葉(xie)柄均無毛(mao)(mao)而密被腺毛(mao)(mao)。小(xiao)枝較粗,疏(shu)生皮(pi)孔。葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)革質或厚紙質,卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至腎形(xing)(xing)(xing),寬(kuan)(kuan)常大(da)于長,長2-14厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)2-15厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先端短(duan)凸尖(jian)至長漸(jian)尖(jian)或銳尖(jian),基部(bu)心形(xing)(xing)(xing)、截形(xing)(xing)(xing)至近圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),或寬(kuan)(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),上面(mian)深綠色,下(xia)面(mian)淡綠色;萌枝上葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)常呈長卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),先端漸(jian)尖(jian),基部(bu)截形(xing)(xing)(xing)至寬(kuan)(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing);葉(xie)柄長1-3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。圓(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序直立,由側芽抽生,近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)或長圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長4-16(-20)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)3-7(-10)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長0.5-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)長約3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),萼(e)齒漸(jian)尖(jian)、銳尖(jian)或鈍;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)紫(zi)色,長1.1-2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing),長0.8-1.7厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)呈直角(jiao)開(kai)展(zhan),卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長3-6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)3-5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先端內彎略呈兜狀或不內彎;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥黃色,位于距花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管喉(hou)部(bu)0-4毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)處。果倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)狀橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至長橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長1-1.5(-2)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)4-8毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先端長漸(jian)尖(jian),光滑。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)4-5月(yue),果期(qi)6-10月(yue)。
1、對(dui)心(xin)血管(guan)作用。隨著血藥濃度的增加,心(xin)率(lv)逐(zhu)漸減慢(man),放(fang)室傳導阻斷,甚(shen)至形成室性自搏擊性節律,血壓逐(zhu)漸下(xia)降,最后發(fa)生傳導阻滯,心(xin)跳,呼(hu)吸停止。
2、抗驚厥作用(yong)。
3、抗菌作用。
4、其(qi)他作用,具(ju)有(you)鎮咳作用,利(li)膽作用。
功效
清熱(re),解毒,利(li)濕,退(tui)黃。
主治
用于急(ji)性瀉痢,黃疸型(xing)肝炎,火眼,瘡瘍。