紫丁香(xiang),中藥名。為木犀科植(zhi)物紫丁香(xiang)SyringaoblataLindl.的葉及樹皮。分布于(yu)東北、華北、西(xi)(xi)北以至西(xi)(xi)南達四川西(xi)(xi)北部。具有(you)清熱,解毒(du),利濕,退黃(huang)之(zhi)功(gong)效。用于(yu)急性瀉痢(li),黃(huang)疸型肝炎(yan),火(huo)眼(yan),瘡瘍。
生于(yu)山(shan)谷溪邊、山(shan)坡叢林或灘地水邊。分布于(yu)東北(bei)、華北(bei)、西北(bei)以至西南(nan)四川西北(bei)部。
紫(zi)丁(ding)香又名:華北紫(zi)丁(ding)香,紫(zi)丁(ding)白。灌木或(huo)小喬木,高可達5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);樹皮灰褐(he)色(se)或(huo)灰色(se)。小枝(zhi)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)軸、花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗、苞(bao)片(pian)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)、幼葉兩面(mian)以(yi)及葉柄(bing)均無毛而(er)密被腺毛。小枝(zhi)較粗(cu),疏生皮孔。葉片(pian)革質(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)厚紙質(zhi)(zhi),卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)腎(shen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),寬(kuan)常大于長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-14厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2-15厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先端(duan)(duan)短凸尖(jian)至(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)漸(jian)尖(jian)或(huo)銳尖(jian),基部(bu)心形(xing)(xing)(xing)、截形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)近圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),或(huo)寬(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),上面(mian)深綠色(se),下面(mian)淡(dan)綠色(se);萌枝(zhi)上葉片(pian)常呈(cheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),先端(duan)(duan)漸(jian)尖(jian),基部(bu)截形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)寬(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing);葉柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。圓(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)直立,由側(ce)芽(ya)抽(chou)生,近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4-16(-20)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3-7(-10)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),萼(e)齒漸(jian)尖(jian)、銳尖(jian)或(huo)鈍(dun);花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)紫(zi)色(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.1-2厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.8-1.7厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),裂片(pian)呈(cheng)直角(jiao)開展,卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)倒(dao)(dao)卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3-5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先端(duan)(duan)內彎(wan)略呈(cheng)兜(dou)狀(zhuang)或(huo)不內彎(wan);花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥黃(huang)色(se),位于距(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管喉部(bu)0-4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)。果(guo)倒(dao)(dao)卵(luan)狀(zhuang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-1.5(-2)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)4-8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先端(duan)(duan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)漸(jian)尖(jian),光滑。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)4-5月,果(guo)期(qi)(qi)6-10月。
1、對心(xin)血(xue)管作用。隨著血(xue)藥濃度的增(zeng)加,心(xin)率逐(zhu)漸減(jian)慢,放(fang)室(shi)傳導阻(zu)斷,甚至形成室(shi)性(xing)自搏擊性(xing)節律,血(xue)壓(ya)逐(zhu)漸下降,最后(hou)發生傳導阻(zu)滯,心(xin)跳,呼(hu)吸停(ting)止。
2、抗(kang)驚厥作用。
3、抗菌作用。
4、其他(ta)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),具(ju)有鎮(zhen)咳作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),利(li)膽作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
功效
清(qing)熱(re),解毒,利濕,退黃(huang)。
主治
用于急性瀉痢(li),黃(huang)疸型肝炎,火眼,瘡瘍。