花葉開(kai)唇(chun)蘭:生于(yu)闊葉林下陰濕處(chu)。分(fen)布于(yu)西(xi)南及浙江、福建、廣東(dong)、海南、廣西(xi)等地。
金線(xian)蘭:生于海拔200-1400m的常(chang)綠闊葉(xie)林或竹(zhu)林下(xia)枯(ku)枝落葉(xie)陰(yin)濕處。分布于福建(jian)、臺灣等(deng)地(di)。
花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)葉(xie)開唇蘭:陸生(sheng)植物,高10-18cm。根莖(jing)匍匐,伸長(chang)(chang)(chang)。葉(xie)互生(sheng),莖(jing)下部(bu)具(ju)2-4葉(xie);葉(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)4-10mm,基部(bu)擴展抱莖(jing);基部(bu)呈鞘狀;葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)卵(luan)狀橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5-3.5cm,寬1-3cm,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)急尖,基部(bu)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),上面黑紫色有(you)金黃色脈(mo)(mo)網,下面帶淡紫紅色,弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)脈(mo)(mo)5-7條。總狀花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序,疏生(sheng)2-6朵(duo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序軸被柔(rou)毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)苞片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)卵(luan)狀披針形(xing)(xing)(xing),淡紫色,長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-8mm,約為(wei)子房長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)2/3,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)尾尖;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)淡紫色,外面被短柔(rou)毛(mao);中(zhong)萼片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),向內凹陷,長(chang)(chang)(chang)6mm,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)鈍;側萼片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)狀橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),稍(shao)(shao)偏斜(xie),較長(chang)(chang)(chang)而稍(shao)(shao)狹(xia),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)稍(shao)(shao)尖,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣近鐮刀形(xing)(xing)(xing),短于萼片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)并和(he)中(zhong)萼片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)靠合成兜;唇瓣2裂(lie),呈“丫”字形(xing)(xing)(xing),裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)舌狀條形(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)鈍,長(chang)(chang)(chang)約6mm,寬1.5mm,爪(zhua)長(chang)(chang)(chang)5mm,兩側各(ge)具(ju)6條流(liu)蘇(su)狀細(xi)條,基部(bu)具(ju)距,距長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-7mm,末端(duan)(duan)(duan)指向唇瓣,中(zhong)部(bu)生(sheng)有(you)胼胝體。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期9-10月。
金(jin)線蘭:陸生植物,高4-10cm。根莖匍匐,長(chang)(chang)達(da)4-5cm。葉(xie)互(hu)生,具(ju)柄,基部擴展抱莖;葉(xie)片卵(luan)形(xing),長(chang)(chang)2-5cm,寬1-3cm,先端(duan)(duan)急尖,基部圓(yuan)形(xing),上面(mian)(mian)有細小鱗片狀脈(mo)(mo)(mo)網,有光(guang)澤(ze),下面(mian)(mian)暗(an)紅(hong)色。弧形(xing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)5-7條(tiao),幼葉(xie)葉(xie)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)為金(jin)黃色,老葉(xie)葉(xie)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)呈橙紅(hong)色。總狀花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu),具(ju)2-3朵花(hua)(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)(hua)苞片卵(luan)狀披(pi)針形(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)1cm;花(hua)(hua)(hua)淡(dan)紅(hong)色,中萼片圓(yuan)形(xing),先端(duan)(duan)急尖,外面(mian)(mian)被(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)硬(ying)毛(mao),內面(mian)(mian)無毛(mao),極(ji)凹,與花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)(ban)粘合成(cheng)盔,長(chang)(chang)7mm;側(ce)萼片卵(luan)狀長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing),極(ji)偏斜,長(chang)(chang)8mm,先端(duan)(duan)急尖,外面(mian)(mian)被(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)硬(ying)毛(mao),內面(mian)(mian)無毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)(ban)半卵(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing),極(ji)偏斜,長(chang)(chang)9mm,先端(duan)(duan)急尖;唇瓣(ban)(ban)深2裂,呈“丫”字形(xing),裂片狹長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing),先端(duan)(duan)鈍,長(chang)(chang)約(yue)5mm,寬0.3mm,爪長(chang)(chang)5-6mm,兩側(ce)具(ju)流蘇狀細條(tiao),距長(chang)(chang)約(yue)4mm,基部前方(fang)生有2個胼胝體。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)8-9月(yue),果期(qi)9-10月(yue)。
藥理研究顯示有保(bao)肝、抗炎(yan),鎮(zhen)(zhen)痛和(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)靜等作用。
現代研究
現代臨床用于治(zhi)療肺結核咯(ge)血,糖尿(niao)病,支氣管擴(kuo)張咯(ge)血,風濕病,類風濕病和泌尿(niao)道結石等。
入肺、肝、腎、膀胱(guang)四(si)經。
清熱涼(liang)血,除濕解毒。
肺(fei)熱咳嗽,肺(fei)結(jie)核咯血,尿血,小兒驚風,破傷風,腎炎水腫,風濕痹痛,跌打損傷,毒(du)蛇咬傷。
1.治風(feng)濕(shi)(shi)及類風(feng)濕(shi)(shi)性關節炎:金線(xian)蘭30g,同(tong)豬肉(rou)(切勿帶骨)120g燉熟(shu),沖入(ru)黃酒適(shi)量。每日服1-2次。分2d服完。(《全國中草藥匯編》)
2.治小兒急驚風(feng):金線蓮3-9g,八角蓮3g。水煎服。(《福建藥物志(zhi)》)
內服:煎湯(tang),9-15g。外用:適量,鮮品搗敷。