花葉(xie)開(kai)唇蘭:生于闊葉(xie)林下陰濕(shi)處。分布于西南(nan)及浙江、福建、廣(guang)東(dong)、海南(nan)、廣(guang)西等地。
金線蘭(lan):生(sheng)于海拔200-1400m的常綠(lv)闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)或竹林(lin)下枯(ku)枝落葉(xie)陰濕處(chu)。分(fen)布(bu)于福建、臺(tai)灣(wan)等地。
花(hua)(hua)(hua)葉(xie)開唇(chun)蘭:陸生植物(wu),高10-18cm。根莖(jing)匍匐,伸長(chang)。葉(xie)互生,莖(jing)下部(bu)具2-4葉(xie);葉(xie)柄長(chang)4-10mm,基部(bu)擴展抱(bao)莖(jing);基部(bu)呈(cheng)鞘狀(zhuang);葉(xie)片卵(luan)狀(zhuang)橢圓形(xing)(xing),長(chang)1.5-3.5cm,寬1-3cm,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)急尖,基部(bu)圓形(xing)(xing),上面(mian)黑紫(zi)色有金黃色脈(mo)網,下面(mian)帶淡紫(zi)紅色,弧形(xing)(xing)脈(mo)5-7條。總(zong)狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序,疏生2-6朵花(hua)(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)(hua)序軸被柔毛;花(hua)(hua)(hua)苞片卵(luan)狀(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing),淡紫(zi)色,長(chang)6-8mm,約(yue)為子房長(chang)的2/3,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)尾尖;花(hua)(hua)(hua)淡紫(zi)色,外面(mian)被短柔毛;中萼(e)(e)(e)片卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),向內(nei)凹陷,長(chang)6mm,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)鈍(dun);側(ce)萼(e)(e)(e)片長(chang)圓狀(zhuang)橢圓形(xing)(xing),稍(shao)偏斜(xie),較(jiao)長(chang)而(er)稍(shao)狹,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)稍(shao)尖,花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)近鐮刀(dao)形(xing)(xing),短于萼(e)(e)(e)片并和中萼(e)(e)(e)片靠合成(cheng)兜;唇(chun)瓣(ban)2裂,呈(cheng)“丫”字形(xing)(xing),裂片舌狀(zhuang)條形(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)鈍(dun),長(chang)約(yue)6mm,寬1.5mm,爪長(chang)5mm,兩側(ce)各具6條流蘇狀(zhuang)細條,基部(bu)具距(ju),距(ju)長(chang)6-7mm,末端(duan)(duan)指向唇(chun)瓣(ban),中部(bu)生有胼(pian)胝體。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期9-10月。
金線蘭:陸生植物,高(gao)4-10cm。根(gen)莖匍(pu)匐(fu),長(chang)(chang)(chang)達4-5cm。葉(xie)互生,具(ju)柄,基部擴(kuo)展(zhan)抱(bao)莖;葉(xie)片卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)2-5cm,寬1-3cm,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)急(ji)尖,基部圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)面(mian)(mian)有(you)細小(xiao)鱗(lin)片狀(zhuang)(zhuang)脈網,有(you)光澤,下面(mian)(mian)暗紅(hong)色。弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)脈5-7條,幼葉(xie)葉(xie)脈為金黃(huang)色,老葉(xie)葉(xie)脈呈(cheng)(cheng)橙紅(hong)色。總(zong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序,具(ju)2-3朵花(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)苞片卵(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約1cm;花(hua)(hua)淡紅(hong)色,中(zhong)萼片圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)急(ji)尖,外面(mian)(mian)被(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)硬毛,內面(mian)(mian)無(wu)毛,極凹,與花(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)粘(zhan)合成盔,長(chang)(chang)(chang)7mm;側(ce)萼片卵(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),極偏斜(xie),長(chang)(chang)(chang)8mm,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)急(ji)尖,外面(mian)(mian)被(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)硬毛,內面(mian)(mian)無(wu)毛;花(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)半卵(luan)(luan)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),極偏斜(xie),長(chang)(chang)(chang)9mm,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)急(ji)尖;唇瓣(ban)深(shen)2裂(lie),呈(cheng)(cheng)“丫”字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),裂(lie)片狹(xia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)鈍,長(chang)(chang)(chang)約5mm,寬0.3mm,爪(zhua)長(chang)(chang)(chang)5-6mm,兩側(ce)具(ju)流(liu)蘇(su)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)細條,距(ju)長(chang)(chang)(chang)約4mm,基部前方(fang)生有(you)2個胼(pian)胝(zhi)體。花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)8-9月(yue),果期(qi)(qi)9-10月(yue)。
藥理研究(jiu)顯示有保肝(gan)、抗炎(yan),鎮痛(tong)和鎮靜等(deng)作用(yong)。
現代研究
現代(dai)臨(lin)床用于治療肺結核咯(ge)血,糖尿(niao)(niao)病(bing)(bing),支氣管擴(kuo)張咯(ge)血,風(feng)濕病(bing)(bing),類(lei)風(feng)濕病(bing)(bing)和泌尿(niao)(niao)道結石等。
入肺、肝、腎(shen)、膀(bang)胱四經。
清熱涼血,除濕解(jie)毒(du)。
肺(fei)熱咳嗽,肺(fei)結核咯(ge)血,尿(niao)血,小(xiao)兒(er)驚風,破傷風,腎炎水(shui)腫,風濕痹痛,跌打(da)損(sun)傷,毒蛇咬傷。
1.治風(feng)濕及(ji)類風(feng)濕性關節(jie)炎:金線蘭(lan)30g,同豬肉(切(qie)勿帶骨(gu))120g燉(dun)熟,沖(chong)入黃酒適(shi)量(liang)。每(mei)日服(fu)1-2次(ci)。分2d服(fu)完。(《全國中草藥匯編》)
2.治小(xiao)兒(er)急驚風:金(jin)線蓮3-9g,八(ba)角(jiao)蓮3g。水煎服。(《福建藥物志》)
內服:煎湯,9-15g。外用(yong):適量,鮮品搗敷。