花葉開唇蘭(lan):生于闊葉林下陰濕處。分(fen)布于西南及浙江(jiang)、福建(jian)、廣東、海南、廣西等地。
金線蘭:生于海(hai)拔200-1400m的常(chang)綠闊(kuo)葉(xie)林或竹林下枯枝落葉(xie)陰濕(shi)處。分(fen)布于福建、臺灣(wan)等地。
花(hua)(hua)葉開(kai)唇(chun)蘭:陸生(sheng)(sheng)植物,高10-18cm。根莖(jing)匍匐,伸長(chang)(chang)(chang)。葉互生(sheng)(sheng),莖(jing)下部(bu)具2-4葉;葉柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)4-10mm,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)擴展抱莖(jing);基(ji)(ji)部(bu)呈鞘狀(zhuang)(zhuang);葉片(pian)(pian)卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5-3.5cm,寬1-3cm,先(xian)端(duan)急尖,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)面(mian)黑紫色(se)有金黃(huang)色(se)脈網,下面(mian)帶淡(dan)紫紅色(se),弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)脈5-7條。總狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序,疏生(sheng)(sheng)2-6朵花(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)序軸被柔(rou)毛;花(hua)(hua)苞片(pian)(pian)卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing),淡(dan)紫色(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-8mm,約為子(zi)房長(chang)(chang)(chang)的2/3,先(xian)端(duan)尾尖;花(hua)(hua)淡(dan)紫色(se),外(wai)面(mian)被短(duan)柔(rou)毛;中萼片(pian)(pian)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),向內凹陷,長(chang)(chang)(chang)6mm,先(xian)端(duan)鈍(dun);側萼片(pian)(pian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),稍偏斜,較(jiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)而稍狹,先(xian)端(duan)稍尖,花(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)近鐮(lian)刀形(xing)(xing)(xing),短(duan)于萼片(pian)(pian)并和(he)中萼片(pian)(pian)靠(kao)合成兜;唇(chun)瓣(ban)2裂,呈“丫”字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing),裂片(pian)(pian)舌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)條形(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)鈍(dun),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約6mm,寬1.5mm,爪長(chang)(chang)(chang)5mm,兩(liang)側各具6條流蘇狀(zhuang)(zhuang)細條,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)具距(ju),距(ju)長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-7mm,末端(duan)指(zhi)向唇(chun)瓣(ban),中部(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)有胼(pian)胝體(ti)。花(hua)(hua)期(qi)9-10月。
金(jin)線蘭:陸生(sheng)植物,高4-10cm。根莖(jing)匍匐,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達4-5cm。葉(xie)互生(sheng),具柄(bing),基部(bu)擴展抱(bao)莖(jing);葉(xie)片(pian)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-5cm,寬(kuan)(kuan)1-3cm,先(xian)(xian)端急(ji)尖(jian),基部(bu)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上面(mian)有細(xi)小鱗片(pian)狀脈(mo)網,有光澤,下面(mian)暗(an)紅(hong)色。弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)脈(mo)5-7條(tiao),幼葉(xie)葉(xie)脈(mo)為金(jin)黃(huang)色,老葉(xie)葉(xie)脈(mo)呈橙紅(hong)色。總(zong)狀花(hua)序(xu),具2-3朵花(hua),花(hua)苞片(pian)卵狀披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1cm;花(hua)淡(dan)紅(hong)色,中萼片(pian)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端急(ji)尖(jian),外面(mian)被(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)硬毛(mao)(mao)(mao),內面(mian)無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),極(ji)凹,與花(hua)瓣粘(zhan)合成(cheng)盔,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)7mm;側(ce)萼片(pian)卵狀長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),極(ji)偏斜(xie),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)8mm,先(xian)(xian)端急(ji)尖(jian),外面(mian)被(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)硬毛(mao)(mao)(mao),內面(mian)無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)瓣半卵圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),極(ji)偏斜(xie),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)9mm,先(xian)(xian)端急(ji)尖(jian);唇(chun)瓣深2裂,呈“丫”字形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),裂片(pian)狹長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端鈍,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)5mm,寬(kuan)(kuan)0.3mm,爪長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-6mm,兩側(ce)具流蘇狀細(xi)條(tiao),距長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)4mm,基部(bu)前方(fang)生(sheng)有2個(ge)胼(pian)胝體。花(hua)期8-9月(yue),果期9-10月(yue)。
藥理研究顯示有保(bao)肝、抗(kang)炎(yan),鎮痛和鎮靜等作(zuo)用。
現代研究
現代臨(lin)床用于治療肺(fei)結核(he)咯血(xue),糖尿病,支氣管擴張(zhang)咯血(xue),風濕病,類風濕病和泌尿道結石等。
入肺(fei)、肝、腎、膀胱四(si)經。
清熱涼血,除濕解(jie)毒。
肺(fei)熱(re)咳嗽,肺(fei)結核咯(ge)血,尿血,小兒驚風,破傷(shang)風,腎炎(yan)水腫,風濕痹痛,跌(die)打損(sun)傷(shang),毒蛇(she)咬傷(shang)。
1.治風(feng)濕(shi)及類(lei)風(feng)濕(shi)性關節炎:金線(xian)蘭(lan)30g,同豬肉(切勿帶骨)120g燉熟,沖入(ru)黃酒適量(liang)。每(mei)日服(fu)(fu)1-2次。分2d服(fu)(fu)完。(《全國中草藥匯編(bian)》)
2.治小兒(er)急驚風(feng):金線蓮3-9g,八角蓮3g。水煎服(fu)。(《福建藥物(wu)志》)
內服(fu):煎湯,9-15g。外用:適量(liang),鮮(xian)品搗敷。