花葉開唇(chun)蘭(lan):生于(yu)闊葉林下(xia)陰濕處。分布于(yu)西(xi)南(nan)及浙江(jiang)、福建、廣(guang)(guang)東、海南(nan)、廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)等(deng)地。
金(jin)線(xian)蘭(lan):生于海拔200-1400m的(de)常綠闊葉林或(huo)竹(zhu)林下枯枝落葉陰濕處。分布于福建、臺(tai)灣等地。
花(hua)葉(xie)(xie)開唇蘭:陸(lu)生(sheng)植物,高10-18cm。根莖(jing)匍匐(fu),伸(shen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。葉(xie)(xie)互生(sheng),莖(jing)下部(bu)具2-4葉(xie)(xie);葉(xie)(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)4-10mm,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)擴展抱莖(jing);基(ji)(ji)部(bu)呈鞘狀(zhuang);葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)卵狀(zhuang)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5-3.5cm,寬1-3cm,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)急尖,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),上面黑紫色有(you)金黃(huang)色脈網(wang),下面帶淡紫紅色,弧形(xing)(xing)脈5-7條(tiao)(tiao)。總狀(zhuang)花(hua)序,疏生(sheng)2-6朵(duo)花(hua),花(hua)序軸(zhou)被柔毛;花(hua)苞(bao)片(pian)卵狀(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing),淡紫色,長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-8mm,約為(wei)子房(fang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的2/3,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)尾尖;花(hua)淡紫色,外(wai)面被短柔毛;中(zhong)(zhong)萼片(pian)卵形(xing)(xing),向內凹(ao)陷,長(chang)(chang)(chang)6mm,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)鈍;側(ce)萼片(pian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),稍偏斜,較長(chang)(chang)(chang)而稍狹,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)稍尖,花(hua)瓣近(jin)鐮刀形(xing)(xing),短于萼片(pian)并和中(zhong)(zhong)萼片(pian)靠合成兜(dou);唇瓣2裂(lie),呈“丫(ya)”字形(xing)(xing),裂(lie)片(pian)舌狀(zhuang)條(tiao)(tiao)形(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)鈍,長(chang)(chang)(chang)約6mm,寬1.5mm,爪長(chang)(chang)(chang)5mm,兩側(ce)各具6條(tiao)(tiao)流蘇狀(zhuang)細條(tiao)(tiao),基(ji)(ji)部(bu)具距(ju),距(ju)長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-7mm,末(mo)端(duan)(duan)指(zhi)向唇瓣,中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)生(sheng)有(you)胼胝(zhi)體。花(hua)期9-10月(yue)。
金線蘭(lan):陸生植物(wu),高4-10cm。根莖(jing)匍匐,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達4-5cm。葉互生,具(ju)柄,基部擴展抱莖(jing);葉片卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-5cm,寬1-3cm,先(xian)端急尖,基部圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),上面(mian)有(you)細(xi)小鱗(lin)片狀脈(mo)網,有(you)光(guang)澤,下面(mian)暗紅色(se)(se)(se)。弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)脈(mo)5-7條,幼葉葉脈(mo)為(wei)金黃色(se)(se)(se),老葉葉脈(mo)呈(cheng)橙紅色(se)(se)(se)。總狀花(hua)(hua)(hua)序,具(ju)2-3朵花(hua)(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)(hua)苞(bao)片卵狀披針形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1cm;花(hua)(hua)(hua)淡紅色(se)(se)(se),中(zhong)萼(e)片圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端急尖,外面(mian)被(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)硬毛,內面(mian)無毛,極凹(ao),與花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)粘合成盔,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)7mm;側萼(e)片卵狀長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),極偏(pian)斜,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)8mm,先(xian)端急尖,外面(mian)被(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)硬毛,內面(mian)無毛;花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)半卵圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),極偏(pian)斜,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)9mm,先(xian)端急尖;唇瓣(ban)深2裂,呈(cheng)“丫”字形(xing)(xing)(xing),裂片狹長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端鈍,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)5mm,寬0.3mm,爪長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-6mm,兩側具(ju)流(liu)蘇狀細(xi)條,距長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)4mm,基部前方生有(you)2個(ge)胼(pian)胝體(ti)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)8-9月,果期(qi)9-10月。
藥理研(yan)究顯(xian)示有(you)保肝(gan)、抗炎(yan),鎮痛和鎮靜等作用。
現代研究
現代(dai)臨床用于(yu)治療肺結核咯血,糖尿(niao)病,支氣管(guan)擴張(zhang)咯血,風濕病,類風濕病和(he)泌(mi)尿(niao)道(dao)結石等。
入肺、肝、腎、膀胱(guang)四經。
清熱涼血,除(chu)濕解毒。
肺熱(re)咳嗽,肺結核咯血,尿血,小兒驚風,破(po)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)風,腎(shen)炎水腫,風濕(shi)痹痛,跌(die)打損傷(shang)(shang)(shang),毒蛇咬傷(shang)(shang)(shang)。
1.治風濕及類風濕性(xing)關節炎:金線蘭30g,同豬肉(rou)(切勿(wu)帶骨)120g燉(dun)熟,沖入黃酒適量。每日服(fu)1-2次。分2d服(fu)完。(《全國中草藥匯編》)
2.治小兒急驚風:金線蓮(lian)3-9g,八角(jiao)蓮(lian)3g。水煎服(fu)。(《福建(jian)藥物志》)
內服(fu):煎(jian)湯,9-15g。外(wai)用:適量,鮮品搗敷(fu)。