產廣東(dong)、海(hai)南、廣西、福建。喜生(sheng)于低海(hai)拔的山地、丘陵以及路邊(bian)陽處(chu)疏林(lin)中。
喬木,高(gao)5-15米(mi)(mi)(mi),樹皮暗灰色(se),幾平滑(hua),纖維堅韌;小枝(zhi)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)縐紋,幼時(shi)(shi)被(bei)(bei)疏(shu)(shu)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),后逐漸(jian)脫落(luo),無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或近無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉(xie)革質,圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)近倒卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)5-9厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬2.8-6厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)銳尖(jian)(jian)(jian)或急尖(jian)(jian)(jian)而具(ju)短(duan)(duan)尖(jian)(jian)(jian)頭(tou),基(ji)(ji)部寬楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),上面(mian)暗綠(lv)色(se)或紫綠(lv)色(se),光亮,下面(mian)淡綠(lv)色(se),兩面(mian)均無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),側脈每邊15-20,在下面(mian)更明顯(xian),小脈纖細,近平行,不明顯(xian),邊緣有(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)被(bei)(bei)稀疏(shu)(shu)的柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);葉(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)約(yue)(yue)5-7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芳(fang)香,黃綠(lv)色(se),多朵,組成傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)5-6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),密被(bei)(bei)黃灰色(se)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);萼(e)筒淺鐘狀,長(chang)5-6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),兩面(mian)均密被(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),5裂(lie),裂(lie)片卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)4-5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)圓(yuan)(yuan)鈍或急尖(jian)(jian)(jian),兩面(mian)被(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)10,鱗片狀,著生于花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)筒喉部,密被(bei)(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);雄蕊10,排成1輪,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲長(chang)約(yue)(yue)1毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)約(yue)(yue)4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi);子房卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),密被(bei)(bei)灰白色(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),2室,每室1胚珠,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱極短(duan)(duan)或無,柱頭(tou)頭(tou)狀。蒴(shuo)果果梗短(duan)(duan),卵球形(xing)(xing)(xing),幼時(shi)(shi)綠(lv)色(se),長(chang)2-3厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),直徑約(yue)(yue)2厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂端(duan)具(ju)短(duan)(duan)尖(jian)(jian)(jian)頭(tou),基(ji)(ji)部漸(jian)狹,密被(bei)(bei)黃色(se)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),2瓣(ban)裂(lie),2室,每室具(ju)有(you)(you)1種子,種子褐(he)色(se),卵球形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)約(yue)(yue)1厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬約(yue)(yue)5.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),疏(shu)(shu)被(bei)(bei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),基(ji)(ji)部具(ju)有(you)(you)附屬體,附屬體長(chang)約(yue)(yue)1.5厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),上端(duan)寬扁,寬約(yue)(yue)4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),下端(duan)成柄(bing)狀。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期春夏,果期夏秋(qiu)。
含有樹(shu)脂的木材。
味辛(xin)、苦,性微溫(wen)。
歸脾、胃、腎經。
行(xing)氣(qi)(qi)止痛,溫中止嘔,納(na)氣(qi)(qi)平喘。
用于胸(xiong)腹脹悶(men)疼痛(tong),胃寒嘔(ou)吐呃逆,腎虛氣逆喘急。
l~5g,后下。
1、治陰虛腎氣不歸原:沉香(xiang)磨汁數分,以麥門冬(dong)、懷(huai)熟地(di)各三(san)錢,茯苓、山藥、山茱萸肉各二錢,牡丹(dan)皮、澤瀉、廣陳皮各一錢。水煎,和沉香(xiang)汁服。(《本草匯言》)
2、治脾腎(shen)久虛,水飲停積,上乘肺經,咳嗽(sou)短氣,腹脅脹,小便不利:沉香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一錢,烏藥三錢,茯苓、陳皮(pi)、澤瀉、香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)附子各(ge)半(ban)兩,麝香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)半(ban)錢。上為細末,煉蜜和(he)丸如梧子大。每服二、三十(shi)丸,熟(shu)水下。(《雞(ji)峰普濟方》沉香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)丸)