產廣東、海南、廣西、福建。喜生(sheng)于低海拔的山(shan)地、丘陵以(yi)及路邊(bian)陽處(chu)疏林中。
喬木,高(gao)5-15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),樹(shu)皮(pi)暗(an)(an)灰色(se),幾平(ping)滑(hua),纖(xian)維堅韌;小枝圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)縐紋,幼(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)被(bei)疏柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),后逐漸脫落,無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或近(jin)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉革(ge)質,圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)近(jin)倒卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-9厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2.8-6厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端銳尖或急尖而(er)具(ju)短(duan)(duan)尖頭,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)寬(kuan)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上面(mian)暗(an)(an)綠色(se)或紫綠色(se),光亮,下面(mian)淡綠色(se),兩面(mian)均(jun)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),側脈每邊(bian)15-20,在下面(mian)更明(ming)顯(xian),小脈纖(xian)細(xi),近(jin)平(ping)行(xing),不明(ming)顯(xian),邊(bian)緣(yuan)有(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)被(bei)稀疏的(de)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);葉柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)5-7毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。花(hua)芳香,黃(huang)綠色(se),多朵,組(zu)成(cheng)傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)序;花(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密(mi)(mi)被(bei)黃(huang)灰色(se)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);萼筒(tong)淺鐘狀(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),兩面(mian)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)被(bei)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),5裂,裂片卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4-5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端圓(yuan)(yuan)鈍或急尖,兩面(mian)被(bei)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)瓣10,鱗片狀(zhuang),著(zhu)生于花(hua)萼筒(tong)喉部(bu)(bu),密(mi)(mi)被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);雄蕊10,排成(cheng)1輪,花(hua)絲(si)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)1毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)藥(yao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)4毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);子房卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),密(mi)(mi)被(bei)灰白(bai)色(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),2室,每室1胚珠,花(hua)柱極(ji)短(duan)(duan)或無(wu)(wu),柱頭頭狀(zhuang)。蒴果果梗短(duan)(duan),卵(luan)(luan)(luan)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),幼(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綠色(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直徑約(yue)(yue)2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),頂端具(ju)短(duan)(duan)尖頭,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)漸狹(xia),密(mi)(mi)被(bei)黃(huang)色(se)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),2瓣裂,2室,每室具(ju)有(you)1種(zhong)子,種(zhong)子褐色(se),卵(luan)(luan)(luan)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)1厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)5.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),疏被(bei)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)具(ju)有(you)附屬體,附屬體長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上端寬(kuan)扁,寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)4毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),下端成(cheng)柄狀(zhuang)。花(hua)期春夏,果期夏秋。
含有(you)樹脂(zhi)的木材。
味辛、苦,性微(wei)溫。
歸脾、胃(wei)、腎經。
行(xing)氣(qi)止痛(tong),溫中止嘔,納(na)氣(qi)平喘。
用于胸(xiong)腹脹悶疼痛,胃(wei)寒嘔(ou)吐呃逆(ni),腎(shen)虛氣逆(ni)喘(chuan)急。
l~5g,后下。
1、治陰虛腎氣不歸原:沉香磨汁數分,以麥門(men)冬(dong)、懷熟地各(ge)三(san)錢,茯苓(ling)、山藥、山茱萸肉各(ge)二錢,牡(mu)丹皮、澤瀉、廣(guang)陳皮各(ge)一錢。水煎,和沉香汁服。(《本(ben)草匯言》)
2、治脾(pi)腎久虛(xu),水飲(yin)停積,上乘肺經,咳嗽(sou)短氣(qi),腹(fu)脅脹(zhang),小便(bian)不利:沉(chen)香(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)錢(qian),烏藥三錢(qian),茯苓、陳皮、澤(ze)瀉、香(xiang)(xiang)附子各半兩,麝香(xiang)(xiang)半錢(qian)。上為細末(mo),煉蜜和丸如(ru)梧子大。每服二(er)、三十丸,熟水下(xia)。(《雞峰普濟(ji)方(fang)》沉(chen)香(xiang)(xiang)丸)