產廣(guang)東、海南、廣(guang)西、福建。喜生于低海拔的山地、丘陵(ling)以及路邊(bian)陽處疏林中。
喬木,高5-15米(mi)(mi),樹皮暗(an)灰(hui)色,幾平(ping)滑(hua),纖維堅(jian)韌;小(xiao)枝圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing),具(ju)(ju)縐紋,幼時(shi)(shi)被(bei)(bei)疏(shu)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),后(hou)逐漸脫落,無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)近(jin)無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉革質,圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)、橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)至長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),有(you)時(shi)(shi)近(jin)倒(dao)卵形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)5-9厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬2.8-6厘(li)米(mi)(mi),先端銳尖(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)急尖(jian)(jian)(jian)而具(ju)(ju)短(duan)(duan)(duan)尖(jian)(jian)(jian)頭(tou),基(ji)部寬楔形(xing)(xing),上(shang)面暗(an)綠色或(huo)紫綠色,光亮,下面淡綠色,兩面均無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),側脈(mo)每邊15-20,在下面更明(ming)顯,小(xiao)脈(mo)纖細,近(jin)平(ping)行,不明(ming)顯,邊緣有(you)時(shi)(shi)被(bei)(bei)稀疏(shu)的柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);葉柄長(chang)(chang)約(yue)5-7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)芳香,黃綠色,多朵,組成傘形(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)序;花(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)5-6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),密(mi)被(bei)(bei)黃灰(hui)色短(duan)(duan)(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);萼筒(tong)淺鐘狀(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)5-6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),兩面均密(mi)被(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),5裂,裂片卵形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)4-5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),先端圓(yuan)鈍(dun)或(huo)急尖(jian)(jian)(jian),兩面被(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)瓣10,鱗片狀(zhuang),著生(sheng)于花(hua)(hua)萼筒(tong)喉(hou)部,密(mi)被(bei)(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);雄蕊10,排成1輪(lun),花(hua)(hua)絲長(chang)(chang)約(yue)1毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)藥長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi);子房卵形(xing)(xing),密(mi)被(bei)(bei)灰(hui)白色毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),2室(shi),每室(shi)1胚(pei)珠,花(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)極短(duan)(duan)(duan)或(huo)無,柱(zhu)頭(tou)頭(tou)狀(zhuang)。蒴(shuo)果果梗短(duan)(duan)(duan),卵球形(xing)(xing),幼時(shi)(shi)綠色,長(chang)(chang)2-3厘(li)米(mi)(mi),直徑約(yue)2厘(li)米(mi)(mi),頂端具(ju)(ju)短(duan)(duan)(duan)尖(jian)(jian)(jian)頭(tou),基(ji)部漸狹(xia),密(mi)被(bei)(bei)黃色短(duan)(duan)(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),2瓣裂,2室(shi),每室(shi)具(ju)(ju)有(you)1種子,種子褐色,卵球形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)1厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬約(yue)5.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),疏(shu)被(bei)(bei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),基(ji)部具(ju)(ju)有(you)附屬體,附屬體長(chang)(chang)約(yue)1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),上(shang)端寬扁(bian),寬約(yue)4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),下端成柄狀(zhuang)。花(hua)(hua)期(qi)春夏,果期(qi)夏秋。
含有樹脂的(de)木材。
味(wei)辛、苦(ku),性微(wei)溫。
歸脾、胃、腎(shen)經。
行氣止痛,溫(wen)中(zhong)止嘔(ou),納氣平喘(chuan)。
用(yong)于胸腹脹悶疼痛(tong),胃寒嘔吐呃(e)逆,腎虛氣(qi)逆喘急。
l~5g,后下。
1、治陰(yin)虛腎氣不歸原(yuan):沉(chen)香(xiang)磨汁數分,以麥門冬、懷熟(shu)地各三錢(qian),茯苓、山藥、山茱萸肉各二錢(qian),牡丹皮(pi)、澤(ze)瀉、廣陳皮(pi)各一錢(qian)。水煎,和沉(chen)香(xiang)汁服(fu)。(《本(ben)草匯言(yan)》)
2、治脾腎久虛,水(shui)(shui)飲停積,上(shang)乘肺經,咳(ke)嗽短氣(qi),腹脅(xie)脹,小(xiao)便不利:沉(chen)香一錢(qian),烏(wu)藥三錢(qian),茯(fu)苓、陳皮、澤瀉(xie)、香附子(zi)各半兩,麝香半錢(qian)。上(shang)為細(xi)末,煉蜜和丸如梧子(zi)大。每服二、三十(shi)丸,熟水(shui)(shui)下。(《雞(ji)峰普(pu)濟(ji)方》沉(chen)香丸)