《青囊經(jing)》有上中下卷(juan),上卷(juan)敘述了陰陽二氣融合與河圖五氣、洛書方位(wei)而化成體天(tian)地(di)的(de)定位(wei)學理(li),謂之(zhi)“化始”;中卷(juan)講天(tian)地(di)間(jian)形氣依附與方位(wei)配(pei)合而成一體的(de)動力,謂之(zhi)“化機”;下卷(juan)說明了天(tian)地(di)間(jian)氣與形、方位(wei)及各種法則配(pei)合后的(de)影響結果,謂之(zhi)“化成”。
黃石公以后的(de)風水(shui)師(shi)們(men)則在此理(li)論體(ti)系下進行技術上解(jie)釋和(he)附會,并逐步使風水(shui)術駁(bo)雜、晦澀(se)和(he)神秘。
郭璞(pu)(晉)得之(zhi),撰寫(xie)《葬(zang)書》而多(duo)處引用原文(wen)。楊(yang)筠松(唐)得之(zhi),而有《奧(ao)語》、《天玉》之(zhi)著(zhu),僅(jin)是學習《青(qing)(qing)(qing)囊經》體(ti)會而已。曾文(wen)迪(唐)《青(qing)(qing)(qing)囊序》亦只闡發其文(wen)。蔣大鴻(明末)注《青(qing)(qing)(qing)囊經》,注文(wen)雖長,尤難(nan)盡其底(di)蘊。
(出自易(yi)學家霍(huo)斐(fei)然先生(sheng))
中(zhong)華傳統文(wen)化(hua)中(zhong),風水文(wen)化(hua)是不(bu)可缺少的一頁。古之先賢,已勞心竭力,遺(yi)留(liu)下(xia)不(bu)少豐富多彩(cai)的經典文(wen)章。由于文(wen)詞(ci)隱秘,用意精審,很難悟其要妙(miao),確又給讀者留(liu)下(xia)了無(wu)(wu)限(xian)思維的空間,令人(ren)趣(qu)讀不(bu)已,興味無(wu)(wu)窮(qiong)!
風水之(zhi)書,汗牛充棟,黃石公《青(qing)囊經(jing)(jing)》上中下三卷(juan),全文僅四百一十字,真是博(bo)大精深、簡潔明快(kuai)、直言學理,而(er)不故弄玄虛。郭璞得(de)之(zhi),撰寫《葬(zang)書》而(er)常引用其文;楊筠松得(de)之(zhi),而(er)有《奧語》、《天玉(yu)》之(zhi)著;曾文迪《青(qing)囊序》亦是闡發其文;蔣(jiang)大鴻撰《地理辨正(zheng)》,將《青(qing)囊經(jing)(jing)》列為“首經(jing)(jing)”,注文雖(sui)長,尤難(nan)盡其底蘊。但不知《四庫全書》何(he)故未(wei)搜載(zai)此(ci)文?機會難(nan)得(de),特將一點體會寫出,用以(yi)就教于高明。
《青囊(nang)經》開章明(ming)義,即曰“天尊(zun)地(di)卑、陽奇陰偶(ou)”。可見著者(zhe)是(shi)以(yi)天為(wei)(wei)陽,為(wei)(wei)奇數(shu)(shu)(shu),為(wei)(wei)尊(zun)位(wei);地(di)為(wei)(wei)陰,為(wei)(wei)偶(ou)數(shu)(shu)(shu),為(wei)(wei)卑位(wei)。天地(di)屬(shu)自然界,尊(zun)卑屬(shu)社會倫理(li),奇偶(ou)屬(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據性質。前人早已(yi)用(yong)(yong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)代(dai)事,是(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)代(dai)學(xue),而非代(dai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)學(xue),用(yong)(yong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)反映(ying)天地(di)間之奧(ao)秘(mi),故稱(cheng)“天地(di)數(shu)(shu)(shu)”。
《周易·系辭》曰:“天(tian)(tian)(tian)一(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er),天(tian)(tian)(tian)三(san)地(di)(di)(di)(di)四,天(tian)(tian)(tian)五(wu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)六,天(tian)(tian)(tian)七(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)八,天(tian)(tian)(tian)九地(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)五(wu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)數(shu)五(wu),五(wu)位(wei)相得(de)而(er)各有(you)合。天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)五(wu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)數(shu)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),凡天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之數(shu)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)五(wu),此(ci)所以(yi)成(cheng)變化而(er)行鬼神也”。此(ci)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進制自(zi)然(ran)數(shu)列,極簡明(ming)易知,何故著(zhu)者(zhe)視天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)數(shu)有(you)“成(cheng)變化,行鬼神”的作用?真是超越一(yi)(yi)切,主(zhu)宰(zai)一(yi)(yi)切了。絕不是一(yi)(yi)般應用數(shu)學(xue)概(gai)念,而(er)富有(you)神秘(mi)色彩!它不同于科學(xue),而(er)是另(ling)有(you)學(xue)說(shuo)體系,另(ling)有(you)應用途徑,不宜混為一(yi)(yi)談了。
同時著者提出“天(tian)尊地卑、陽奇陰偶”之(zhi)后,接(jie)著進一步將(jiang)“天(tian)地之(zhi)數(shu)”從(cong)應用(yong)系統落實(shi),設置成“河圖”之(zhi)數(shu)曰:
“一六共宗,二七同道,三八為朋,四九為友(you),五十同途,闔辟(pi)奇偶,五兆生成,流(liu)行(xing)終始”。
這里雖未提 “河(he)圖”之(zhi)名(ming),正符合傳承(cheng)的“河(he)圖”數列,約定俗成(cheng),名(ming)之(zhi)曰(yue)“河(he)圖”,便于稱述。
即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)將十(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)自(zi)(zi)然數(shu)(shu)列,排成(cheng)兩行(xing),何等(deng)簡明扼要,自(zi)(zi)然組成(cheng)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)六(liu)(liu)、二七、三(san)八、四(si)(si)九、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)”。一(yi)(yi)(yi)奇一(yi)(yi)(yi)偶(ou),一(yi)(yi)(yi)陰一(yi)(yi)(yi)陽,一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)地,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)列。并分(fen)別作(zuo)出:“共(gong)宗、同道、為(wei)朋、為(wei)友、同途”等(deng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)含義。而有(you)“闔(he)(he)(he)辟(pi)奇偶(ou),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)兆生(sheng)成(cheng),流行(xing)終始”的(de)(de)種(zhong)種(zhong)作(zuo)用(yong)。“闔(he)(he)(he)”者(zhe)“合(he)(he)”也。即(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)與(yu)六(liu)(liu)合(he)(he),二與(yu)七合(he)(he),三(san)與(yu)八合(he)(he),四(si)(si)與(yu)九合(he)(he),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)與(yu)十(shi)(shi)合(he)(he),組成(cheng)“河(he)(he)圖(tu)(tu)”之式。即(ji)陰陽得配,雌雄相交,一(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng),構成(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)兆,而有(you)水(shui)(shui)火(huo)木金土,春夏秋冬,日往月(yue)來,運行(xing)不(bu)(bu)已之象。《尚書(shu)·洪范(fan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“一(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing),一(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)水(shui)(shui),二曰(yue)(yue)(yue)火(huo),三(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)木,四(si)(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)金,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)土。水(shui)(shui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)潤(run)下(xia),火(huo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)炎,木曰(yue)(yue)(yue)曲(qu)直,金曰(yue)(yue)(yue)從革(ge),土曰(yue)(yue)(yue)爰稼(jia)(jia)穡。潤(run)下(xia)作(zuo)咸,炎上(shang)作(zuo)苦,曲(qu)直作(zuo)酸,從革(ge)作(zuo)辛,稼(jia)(jia)穡作(zuo)甘。”即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)六(liu)(liu)合(he)(he)水(shui)(shui),二七合(he)(he)火(huo),三(san)八合(he)(he)木,四(si)(si)九合(he)(he)金,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)土的(de)(de)“河(he)(he)圖(tu)(tu)”五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)系(xi)列。但(dan)《洪范(fan)》所言,僅只有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)二三(san)四(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)生(sheng)數(shu)(shu),未講六(liu)(liu)七八九十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)成(cheng)數(shu)(shu)。將“河(he)(he)圖(tu)(tu)”展開,即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“洛(luo)書(shu)”。“河(he)(he)圖(tu)(tu)”、“洛(luo)書(shu)”確是(shi)(shi)(shi)風水(shui)(shui)術之正宗。實際將天(tian)地數(shu)(shu)闔(he)(he)(he)之成(cheng)為(wei)“河(he)(he)圖(tu)(tu)”,辟(pi)之即(ji)成(cheng)為(wei)“洛(luo)書(shu)”。自(zi)(zi)成(cheng)體(ti)系(xi),妙用(yong)無窮(qiong)。
《青囊經》曰(yue):“八體宏布,子母分施。天地(di)定(ding)位(wei),山澤通氣,雷風相薄,水火不相射”。
“八體(ti)”者,是(shi)指前文(wen)(wen)“一(yi)六、二(er)七、三八、四(si)(si)(si)(si)九”也。“宏布(bu)”者,是(shi)指將此(ci)八數展開,并配之(zhi)(zhi)以文(wen)(wen)王八卦圖(tu)(tu),一(yi)卦管三山(shan),中爻為(wei)父母(mu),天(tian)(tian)元(yuan)也。初爻為(wei)地元(yuan),逆子(zi)(zi)也。上(shang)爻為(wei)人元(yuan),順子(zi)(zi)也。故曰(yue)“子(zi)(zi)母(mu)分(fen)(fen)施”。《青囊序》曰(yue):“先天(tian)(tian)羅經十(shi)(shi)二(er)支,后(hou)天(tian)(tian)再分(fen)(fen)干(gan)與維(wei),八干(gan)四(si)(si)(si)(si)維(wei)輔(fu)支位,子(zi)(zi)母(mu)公孫同此(ci)推(tui)”。皆(jie)是(shi)講羅經空(kong)間二(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)山(shan)的(de)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)劃分(fen)(fen)情形。周天(tian)(tian)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)法,是(shi)源于天(tian)(tian)文(wen)(wen)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)節(jie)氣(qi),取其時(shi)間與空(kong)間的(de)對應,便于時(shi)空(kong)應用的(de)結合。早在《淮南(nan)子(zi)(zi)·天(tian)(tian)文(wen)(wen)訓》中就有明確(que)的(de)天(tian)(tian)干(gan)地支加四(si)(si)(si)(si)維(wei)的(de)周天(tian)(tian)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)節(jie)分(fen)(fen)置的(de)記載。只不過四(si)(si)(si)(si)維(wei)尚未用上(shang)卦名(ming),而是(shi)艮位作(zuo)“報德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)維(wei)”,巽位作(zuo)“常羊之(zhi)(zhi)維(wei)”,坤位作(zuo)“背陽之(zhi)(zhi)維(wei)”,乾(qian)位作(zuo)“蹄通之(zhi)(zhi)維(wei)”。雖未作(zuo)圖(tu)(tu),已有明確(que)的(de)文(wen)(wen)字敘(xu)述。謂“日行一(yi)度,十(shi)(shi)五日一(yi)節(jie),以生二(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)變”。
《青囊經》在(zai)“八(ba)體宏(hong)布,子母分施”之后,加上《說(shuo)卦(gua)》“天地(di)定位(wei)”一(yi)(yi)段,可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)八(ba)卦(gua)配(pei)上洛(luo)書(shu)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)。此段,邵子作先(xian)(xian)天八(ba)卦(gua)排(pai)列位(wei)置解。風水中確(que)有(you)用(yong)先(xian)(xian)天八(ba)卦(gua)配(pei)九宮(gong)和(he)文(wen)王(wang)八(ba)卦(gua)配(pei)九宮(gong)的(de)(de)。卦(gua)雖然(ran)有(you)先(xian)(xian)后天兩種(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)法(fa),而九宮(gong)數列僅(jin)有(you)此一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)。可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以數為(wei)核心的(de)(de)。“玄空(kong)六法(fa)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)先(xian)(xian)天八(ba)卦(gua)進行(xing)抽(chou)爻換象(xiang),排(pai)成“玄空(kong)大卦(gua)”的(de)(de)。根據《青囊經》“背一(yi)(yi)面九、三七居旁、二八(ba)四(si)六、縱橫紀綱(gang)”的(de)(de)數序考察。這里是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)“文(wen)王(wang)后天八(ba)卦(gua)”的(de)(de)排(pai)列。《羅經》確(que)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)文(wen)王(wang)卦(gua)位(wei)定位(wei)的(de)(de)。
“天(tian)(tian)地(di)定位”一(yi)段文(wen)字,是(shi)應用(yong)“天(tian)(tian)地(di)數”次序(xu)(xu),也即是(shi)“納甲(jia)數”次序(xu)(xu)。“天(tian)(tian)地(di)定位”即乾一(yi)坤二;“山澤(ze)通氣”即艮三(san)兌四(si);“雷風(feng)相(xiang)薄(bo)”即震七巽(xun)八;“水(shui)火不相(xiang)射”即坎(kan)五離六。這里從《帛書(shu)(shu)易》的(de)六十四(si)卦(gua)卦(gua)序(xu)(xu)排(pai)列(lie)看,可以(yi)證明天(tian)(tian)地(di)數應用(yong)之久(jiu)遠。周公《八宅法》稱乾坤艮兌為(wei)西四(si)卦(gua),坎(kan)離震巽(xun)為(wei)東四(si)卦(gua)。都是(shi)天(tian)(tian)地(di)數次序(xu)(xu),與《說卦(gua)》中記(ji)載相(xiang)符(fu)。可知用(yong)天(tian)(tian)地(di)數闔(he)之成(cheng)“河圖(tu)”。辟(pi)之成(cheng)“洛書(shu)(shu)”。配(pei)合八卦(gua),契合天(tian)(tian)文(wen)二十四(si)節氣,定出“羅經”二十四(si)山。成(cheng)為(wei)風(feng)水(shui)天(tian)(tian)地(di)人(ren)三(san)盤(pan)學(xue)理的(de)應用(yong)支柱。
《青囊經(jing)》曰:“中五立極,臨制四(si)方,背一面九,三(san)七居旁,二八(ba)四(si)六,縱橫紀綱”。
“中(zhong)五立(li)級,臨制四(si)方”者,正是(shi)(shi)(shi)入用(yong)的試(shi)范舉例。這里明白是(shi)(shi)(shi)一個“洛書(shu)”的局法(fa)。查(cha)其文字數序(xu)當是(shi)(shi)(shi)“翻(fan)卦(gua)法(fa)”,翻(fan)卦(gua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以卦(gua)為重點,而不翻(fan)入中(zhong)宮,故(gu)將“中(zhong)五立(li)極,臨制四(si)方”作定(ding)點應用(yong)。翻(fan)卦(gua)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)黃石公(gong)所創(chuang),《青囊(nang)經》是(shi)(shi)(shi)黃石公(gong)所作,頗為吻合。這里的《洛書(shu)》他(ta)未(wei)作“戴九履(lv)一,左三(san)右七,二四(si)為肩,六八為足(zu),五居中(zhong)央”的立(li)體次(ci)序(xu)撰(zhuan)述,而是(shi)(shi)(shi)作“背(bei)一面九,三(san)七居旁”的平面論述。也未(wei)提(ti)洛書(shu)之名。由此可知,這是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)文王八卦(gua)配九宮的翻(fan)卦(gua)試(shi)例。《青囊(nang)海角經》邱(qiu)延翰等是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)此法(fa)。
“背(bei)一面九”正是陽宅翻卦從向上(shang)起(qi)之(zhi)例。此(ci)例坐坎(kan)向離,從離上(shang)爻(yao)動(dong)(dong)成震(zhen)三(san),震(zhen)中(zhong)爻(yao)動(dong)(dong)成兌七,兌下(xia)爻(yao)動(dong)(dong)成坎(kan)一,坎(kan)中(zhong)爻(yao)動(dong)(dong)成坤二,坤上(shang)爻(yao)動(dong)(dong)成艮八(ba),艮動(dong)(dong)中(zhong)爻(yao)為巽四,巽動(dong)(dong)下(xia)爻(yao)為乾六(liu),乾動(dong)(dong)中(zhong)爻(yao)為離九。
“二八(ba)四六”是陰(yin)(yin)(yin)宅(zhai)從坐(zuo)(zuo)山(shan)起(qi)之試例。以坤代(dai)表陰(yin)(yin)(yin)宅(zhai)。《青囊(nang)海角經(jing)》“坤為(wei)地(di)母,諸(zhu)山(shan)所托,三(san)吉(ji)六秀,試定于此”。故以坤為(wei)坐(zuo)(zuo)山(shan),動(dong)上爻(yao)(yao)成艮(gen)八(ba),艮(gen)動(dong)中爻(yao)(yao)為(wei)巽四,巽動(dong)下(xia)爻(yao)(yao)為(wei)乾六,乾動(dong)中爻(yao)(yao)為(wei)離(li)九,離(li)動(dong)上爻(yao)(yao)為(wei)震(zhen)(zhen)三(san),震(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)中爻(yao)(yao)為(wei)兌(dui)七(qi),兌(dui)動(dong)下(xia)爻(yao)(yao)為(wei)坎一,坎動(dong)中爻(yao)(yao)為(wei)坤二。依(yi)貪、巨、錄(lu)、文(wen)、廉(lian)、武(wu)、破、輔弼依(yi)次排入即(ji)成。故曰“縱橫紀綱(gang)”。縱橫即(ji)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang),紀為(wei)紀律,綱(gang)為(wei)綱(gang)要。此即(ji)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)宅(zhai)綜(zong)合示范綱(gang)要。
《青囊經(jing)》曰:“陽(yang)以(yi)相陰(yin)(yin),陰(yin)(yin)以(yi)含陽(yang),陽(yang)生于(yu)陰(yin)(yin),柔生于(yu)剛,陰(yin)(yin)德洪濟,陽(yang)德順昌。是故陽(yang)本陰(yin)(yin),陰(yin)(yin)育陽(yang),天依形(xing),地附氣(qi),此(ci)之謂化始。”
此段經(jing)文(wen),特別抽象,不好理解,難得(de)(de)原(yuan)意。只好借《羅(luo)經(jing)》結構來(lai)臆測。“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以相陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”者(zhe),“相”為(wei)輔(fu)助,如宰相。羅(luo)經(jing)四(si)(si)正(zheng)(zheng)正(zheng)(zheng)中排(pai)子午卯酉,地(di)支(zhi)屬(shu)(shu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。四(si)(si)正(zheng)(zheng)子午卯酉兩邊,各(ge)排(pai)兩個天(tian)干(gan)(gan)相輔(fu)佐(zuo),天(tian)干(gan)(gan)屬(shu)(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),這就(jiu)是(shi)“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以相陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”。“陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)以含陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”者(zhe),羅(luo)經(jing)四(si)(si)隅正(zheng)(zheng)中排(pai)乾坤艮(gen)巽(xun)(xun)。乾坤艮(gen)巽(xun)(xun)四(si)(si)卦(gua)屬(shu)(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),四(si)(si)隅兩邊各(ge)排(pai)兩個地(di)支(zhi),地(di)支(zhi)屬(shu)(shu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),兩個地(di)支(zhi)挾一個卦(gua),這就(jiu)是(shi)“陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)以含陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”也(ye)。“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)于陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”者(zhe),陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)極陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)。如四(si)(si)隅洛書數皆(jie)是(shi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),二八四(si)(si)六(liu),各(ge)得(de)(de)兩個地(di)支(zhi),又是(shi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),唯中間乾坤艮(gen)巽(xun)(xun)四(si)(si)卦(gua)屬(shu)(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),是(shi)“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)于陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”也(ye)。“柔生(sheng)(sheng)于剛”者(zhe),是(shi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)。如四(si)(si)正(zheng)(zheng)洛書數皆(jie)是(shi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),一三九七,又各(ge)配(pei)兩個天(tian)干(gan)(gan),天(tian)干(gan)(gan)屬(shu)(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),唯四(si)(si)正(zheng)(zheng)中間各(ge)配(pei)一個地(di)支(zhi)屬(shu)(shu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),即子午卯酉。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)剛,陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)柔,是(shi)“柔生(sheng)(sheng)于剛”也(ye)。“陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)德(de)(de)洪(hong)濟”者(zhe),這個“德(de)(de)”字不好講解,有“道德(de)(de)”、“恩德(de)(de)”、“陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)德(de)(de)”。“善欲人見,不是(shi)真善”。“陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)德(de)(de)”則施(shi)恩惠而不求人知(zhi)也(ye)。然后可(ke)至(zhi)“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)德(de)(de)順昌(chang)”之(zhi)果也(ye)。此外“陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)德(de)(de)”原(yuan)意疑指“陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)宅(zhai)得(de)(de)地(di)”可(ke)以洪(hong)濟后人。“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)德(de)(de)”疑指“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)宅(zhai)得(de)(de)地(di)”可(ke)至(zhi)順利(li)昌(chang)盛。德(de)(de)者(zhe)得(de)(de)也(ye)。
其結論為“是(shi)故(gu)陽本陰,陰育陽”的(de)(de)(de)抽象(xiang)概(gai)括,進(jin)一步(bu)明確(que)落(luo)實(shi)為“天(tian)依形,地附氣”。是(shi)說天(tian)時依靠(kao)地形巒頭的(de)(de)(de)配合,“地附氣”者(zhe),地勢(shi)巒頭要靠(kao)生(sheng)氣的(de)(de)(de)充溢,故(gu)曰“地附氣”。“此之(zhi)謂化(hua)(hua)始(shi)”者(zhe),乃上卷(juan)(juan)之(zhi)總旨(zhi)。闡(chan)述“河洛”與(yu)“八(ba)卦(gua)”是(shi)風水學理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎,勘測地理(li)(li)(li)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)之(zhi)法器也。中(zhong)卷(juan)(juan)曰化(hua)(hua)機,是(shi)論古天(tian)文(wen)三垣二十八(ba)宿天(tian)體運動之(zhi)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)如機,故(gu)曰“化(hua)(hua)機”。下卷(juan)(juan)是(shi)言天(tian)文(wen)地理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)結合,提出八(ba)卦(gua)甲子等各(ge)種運算(suan)方式(shi),達到(dao)布局(ju)推(tui)斷演(yan)化(hua)(hua)之(zhi)完成,故(gu)謂之(zhi)“化(hua)(hua)成”。
《青囊經》曰:“天有五星(xing),地有五行,天分星(xing)宿,地列(lie)山川”。
《史記(ji)天(tian)(tian)官書》“太(tai)史公(gong)曰:仰(yang)則(ze)觀象于天(tian)(tian),俯則(ze)法類于地,天(tian)(tian)則(ze)有(you)(you)日月,地則(ze)有(you)(you)陰陽,天(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)五星,地有(you)(you)五行,天(tian)(tian)則(ze)有(you)(you)列宿,地則(ze)有(you)(you)州(zhou)域。三(san)光者,陰陽之精,氣本在地,而圣人統理之。”
觀點一致,皆言(yan)“天(tian)有(you)五(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing),地(di)有(you)五(wu)行”。天(tian)有(you)水(shui)星(xing)(xing)(xing),或名(ming)辰(chen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)。金星(xing)(xing)(xing),或名(ming)長庚(geng)。木星(xing)(xing)(xing),或名(ming)歲星(xing)(xing)(xing)。火星(xing)(xing)(xing),或名(ming)熒惑。土星(xing)(xing)(xing),或名(ming)鎮星(xing)(xing)(xing),都是行星(xing)(xing)(xing)。地(di)有(you)五(wu)行者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),圓者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)金,直(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)木,曲(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)水(shui),尖者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)火,方者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)土。都是靜止(zhi)的巒(luan)頭。“天(tian)分星(xing)(xing)(xing)宿(su),地(di)列(lie)山(shan)川(chuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)主動(dong)(dong)(視(shi)運動(dong)(dong)),地(di)主靜。靜中有(you)動(dong)(dong),動(dong)(dong)中有(you)靜。“天(tian)分星(xing)(xing)(xing)宿(su)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)主動(dong)(dong),天(tian)中有(you)星(xing)(xing)(xing)宿(su),星(xing)(xing)(xing)指行星(xing)(xing)(xing)。宿(su)指二十八宿(su)恒星(xing)(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)座(zuo),一動(dong)(dong)一靜。“地(di)列(lie)山(shan)川(chuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),地(di)主靜,山(shan)為(wei)(wei)巒(luan)頭靜列(lie)大地(di),川(chuan)為(wei)(wei)河(he)流,晝夜不息,流動(dong)(dong)不已,一動(dong)(dong)一靜,天(tian)地(di)相應如此。
“氣(qi)形(xing)于地,形(xing)麗于天,因形(xing)察(cha)氣(qi),以立人紀”者。
生氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)充溢于(yu)地中,星(xing)宿輝麗于(yu)天上,天地合一,而(er)(er)天寶(bao)地符,就中奧秘,風水(shui)家從巒頭察(cha)其(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之行止,可(ke)以(yi)造福(fu)于(yu)人(ren)。《淮南子·地形訓》曰(yue)(yue):“山氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)男(nan),澤氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)女,水(shui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)喑(yin),風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)聾(long),林氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)癃(long),木氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)傴,岸(an)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)腫,石氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)力(li),險阻氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)癭,暑(shu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)夭(yao),寒氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)壽,谷氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)痹(bi),丘(qiu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)尪,衍氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)仁(ren),陵氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)貪。”又曰(yue)(yue):“堅土(tu)(tu)人(ren)剛,弱土(tu)(tu)人(ren)肥,盧(lu)土(tu)(tu)人(ren)大(da),沙土(tu)(tu)人(ren)細,息土(tu)(tu)人(ren)美,耗土(tu)(tu)人(ren)丑。”此“因形察(cha)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),以(yi)立人(ren)紀”是為人(ren)造福(fu)而(er)(er)作出這些觀察(cha)結論,讓人(ren)趨避也(ye)。
《青囊經》曰:“紫微天(tian)極,大乙(yi)之御(yu),君(jun)臨(lin)四正,南面而(er)治。”
“紫(zi)微”、“太乙(yi)”,均是古天(tian)文中(zhong)的內容。隋丹元子《步天(tian)歌(ge)》曰:“中(zhong)元北(bei)(bei)極紫(zi)微宮”,即(ji)是“紫(zi)微天(tian)極”。《簡(jian)明(ming)天(tian)文辭典》“曰:‘紫(zi)微垣(yuan)’亦稱(cheng)紫(zi)宮垣(yuan),簡(jian)稱(cheng)紫(zi)垣(yuan),又(you)稱(cheng)紫(zi)微宮,簡(jian)稱(cheng)紫(zi)宮,星(xing)(xing)(xing)官名(ming)。我國古代三垣(yuan)中(zhong)的中(zhong)垣(yuan),位于(yu)北(bei)(bei)斗七星(xing)(xing)(xing)東北(bei)(bei),相(xiang)當于(yu)現今小(xiao)熊(xiong)座(zuo)、大(da)熊(xiong)座(zuo)、天(tian)龍(long)座(zuo)、獵戶座(zuo)、牧夫座(zuo)、武仙座(zuo)、仙王座(zuo)、仙后(hou)座(zuo)、英(ying)仙座(zuo)、鹿豹座(zuo)等(deng),共包含37個(ge)星(xing)(xing)(xing)座(zuo),另有附座(zuo)2個(ge),正星(xing)(xing)(xing)163顆星(xing)(xing)(xing),增星(xing)(xing)(xing)181顆。按《步天(tian)歌(ge)》:主要由15顆星(xing)(xing)(xing)組成(cheng)(cheng),分東西(xi)兩區,以(yi)北(bei)(bei)極為中(zhong)樞,成(cheng)(cheng)屏(ping)藩的形狀,猶如(ru)兩弓相(xiang)合(he),環抱(bao)成(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan),紫(zi)微宮為皇(huang)宮的意思,各星(xing)(xing)(xing)給以(yi)適當的官名(ming)和(he)其他名(ming)稱(cheng)。東藩八星(xing)(xing)(xing),由南起,叫(jiao)左樞,上宰(zai),少宰(zai),上弼,少弼,上衛(wei),少衛(wei)和(he)少丞。西(xi)藩七星(xing)(xing)(xing),由南起叫(jiao):右(you)樞、少尉、上輔(fu)、少輔(fu)、上衛(wei)、少衛(wei)和(he)上丞。在東藩和(he)西(xi)藩之間,好像(xiang)關閉的形狀,稱(cheng)閶闔門,有北(bei)(bei)極五(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)勾陳六星(xing)(xing)(xing),大(da)多(duo)屬(shu)于(yu)今小(xiao)熊(xiong)座(zuo),其中(zhong)最為明(ming)顯的勾陳一(今北(bei)(bei)極星(xing)(xing)(xing))和(he)北(bei)(bei)極二(即(ji)帝星(xing)(xing)(xing))。”
“紫(zi)微天(tian)(tian)極(ji)(ji),太(tai)(tai)(tai)乙之(zhi)御(yu)”。《史(shi)記·天(tian)(tian)官書》曰:“中宮天(tian)(tian)極(ji)(ji)星(xing),其一(yi)明者,太(tai)(tai)(tai)一(yi)常居(ju)也(ye)。”《史(shi)記·唐(tang)張守(shou)節正義》曰:“泰一(yi),天(tian)(tian)帝之(zhi)別(bie)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)。”可知“太(tai)(tai)(tai)乙”即(ji)“太(tai)(tai)(tai)一(yi)”或“天(tian)(tian)極(ji)(ji)”,實指“北極(ji)(ji)星(xing)”也(ye)。孔(kong)子曰:“為政以德,譬如(ru)北辰,而眾星(xing)拱之(zhi)。”即(ji)此。而非(fei)隋丹元子《步天(tian)(tian)歌》“天(tian)(tian)一(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)一(yi)當門路”之(zhi)“太(tai)(tai)(tai)一(yi)”星(xing)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)。故接著寫出“君(jun)臨四(si)正,南(nan)面而治”的御(yu)用主宰核心也(ye)。
“天市東宮,少(shao)微西掖,太微南垣,旁照四極,四七為經,五(wu)德(de)為緯。”
“天(tian)(tian)市東(dong)(dong)宮”即天(tian)(tian)文(wen)中“天(tian)(tian)市垣(yuan)(yuan)”。《簡明天(tian)(tian)文(wen)辭典(dian)》曰:“天(tian)(tian)市垣(yuan)(yuan),星(xing)官名。我國古代三(san)垣(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)下垣(yuan)(yuan),位于房宿(su)和(he)(he)(he)心宿(su)東(dong)(dong)北(bei),在紫微垣(yuan)(yuan)下的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)角,橫跨丑寅(yin)卯三(san)宮,約占東(dong)(dong)南(nan)天(tian)(tian)空57°的(de)(de)范圍。北(bei)自七公(gong),南(nan)至南(nan)海,東(dong)(dong)至巴蜀,西(xi)至吳越。下臨房,心,尾,箕(ji)四宿(su),相(xiang)當于現今的(de)(de)武仙座(zuo),巨蛇(she)座(zuo)和(he)(he)(he)蛇(she)夫(fu)座(zuo)的(de)(de)一部份,共包含19個星(xing)官,正星(xing)87顆,增(zeng)星(xing)137顆。按《步天(tian)(tian)歌》主(zhu)要由22顆星(xing)組成(cheng),分(fen)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩區,以(yi)帝座(zuo)為中樞,成(cheng)屏藩(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)形狀(zhuang),星(xing)名都(dou)用各(ge)地方(fang)諸侯(hou)命名。東(dong)(dong)藩(fan)(fan)十(shi)一星(xing),由南(nan)起叫(jiao):宋(song)、南(nan)海、燕、東(dong)(dong)海、徐、吳越、齊、中山、九河(he)、趙和(he)(he)(he)魏。西(xi)藩(fan)(fan)十(shi)一星(xing),由南(nan)起叫(jiao):韓、楚、梁、巴、蜀、秦、周、鄭、晉(jin)、河(he)間和(he)(he)(he)河(he)中。東(dong)(dong)藩(fan)(fan)與西(xi)藩(fan)(fan)之間,主(zhu)要亮星(xing)為候。”
“少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)西(xi)掖(ye)”者。《史記(ji)·天(tian)官(guan)書》曰(yue):“廷藩西(xi)有隋(sui)(集解“隋(sui)音(yin)他果反”)(索(suo)隱,宋均云“南(nan)北為隋(sui)”又他果反,隋(sui)為垂下(xia)。)五星(xing)(xing)(xing),曰(yue)少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)夫。”《史記(ji)正義》曰(yue):“少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)星(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)太微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)西(xi),南(nan)北列(lie),第(di)一(yi)星(xing)(xing)(xing),處(chu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye),第(di)二星(xing)(xing)(xing),議士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye),第(di)三星(xing)(xing)(xing),博士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye),第(di)四(si)星(xing)(xing)(xing),大(da)夫也(ye)(ye),占以(yi)明(ming)大(da)黃潤,則賢(xian)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)舉,不明(ming)反是。月,五星(xing)(xing)(xing)犯守(shou),處(chu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)憂,宰相(xiang)易(yi)也(ye)(ye)。”少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)星(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)太微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)西(xi)掖(ye),是太微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)邊(bian)沿星(xing)(xing)(xing)座。屬(shu)“太微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)”。《步天(tian)歌》“少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)星(xing)(xing)(xing)西(xi)南(nan)隅”亦是在(zai)“太微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)”內。陳遵媯《中(zhong)國(guo)天(tian)文學史》“太微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)圖”非常明(ming)晰。《青囊(nang)經》解者,誤(wu)稱“少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)”,遂有“四(si)垣(yuan)二十八宿”。古天(tian)文中(zhong)只有三垣(yuan)之(zhi)說(shuo),而(er)《青囊(nang)經》作(zuo)者將天(tian)市與少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)相(xiang)對(dui),取其理化(hua)之(zhi)相(xiang)應,用(yong)其星(xing)(xing)(xing)名,非以(yi)立(li)垣(yuan)也(ye)(ye)。《說(shuo)文》“掖(ye),臂下(xia)也(ye)(ye),與腋同。”是說(shuo)少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)居(ju)太微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)之(zhi)西(xi)掖(ye)。
“太微(wei)南(nan)垣(yuan),旁照四(si)極(ji)”者,《簡明(ming)天文辭典(dian)》曰(yue):“太微(wei)垣(yuan),星官(guan)名(ming)。我國古代三垣(yuan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)上(shang)垣(yuan),位(wei)(wei)于北斗(dou)七(qi)星的(de)(de)南(nan)方(fang),在紫微(wei)垣(yuan)下(xia)的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北角。橫跨(kua)辰已午三宮,約占天空63°的(de)(de)范(fan)圍,北自常陳(chen),南(nan)至(zhi)明(ming)堂,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)至(zhi)上(shang)臺,西(xi)(xi)(xi)至(zhi)上(shang)將,下(xia)臨翼軫角亢四(si)宿。相(xiang)(xiang)當于現今(jin)室女座,獅子座和(he)(he)后(hou)發座的(de)(de)一部(bu)份,共包含20個星官(guan),正(zheng)星78顆,增星100顆。按《步天歌》,主(zhu)要由10顆星組(zu)成,分(fen)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩區,以五帝座為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)樞,成屏(ping)藩的(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)。太微(wei)為(wei)(wei)政府的(de)(de)意思,故(gu)星多以官(guan)名(ming)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)藩五星,由南(nan)起叫左執(zhi)法(fa)(fa),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)上(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)次(ci)(ci)相(xiang)(xiang)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)次(ci)(ci)將和(he)(he)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)上(shang)將。西(xi)(xi)(xi)藩五星,由南(nan)起叫右執(zhi)法(fa)(fa),西(xi)(xi)(xi)上(shang)將,西(xi)(xi)(xi)次(ci)(ci)將,西(xi)(xi)(xi)次(ci)(ci)相(xiang)(xiang)和(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)上(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)。有(you)的(de)(de)把左執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)右執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“南(nan)藩兩星”。在左執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)右執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)間稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“端門”。現代的(de)(de)秋分(fen)點位(wei)(wei)于這(zhe)里(li)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)藩和(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藩之(zhi)(zhi)間主(zhu)要亮星為(wei)(wei)“五帝座一”。月球和(he)(he)行星經過(guo)這(zhe)里(li)。”
《淮南子·天文訓》曰(yue):“太微(wei)者,天子之庭也(ye)。紫宮者,太一之居(ju)也(ye)。”由此可(ke)知《紫微(wei)垣》是(shi)君主(zhu)居(ju)住之地,《太微(wei)垣》是(shi)政府發(fa)號(hao)施令,治(zhi)理(li)天下(xia)者,故(gu)曰(yue)“太微(wei)南垣,旁照四(si)極”。“普天之下(xia),莫非王土(tu)”也(ye)。“四(si)極”者,東(dong)南西北,四(si)方無隅(yu)也(ye)。
“四七(qi)(qi)為經(jing),五德為緯”,四者(zhe),東(dong)南(nan)西北四正方(fang)也。七(qi)(qi)者(zhe),七(qi)(qi)宿也。經(jing)者(zhe),南(nan)北為經(jing)也。每(mei)方(fang)七(qi)(qi)宿,四七(qi)(qi)二十八(ba)宿,布(bu)滿(man)周天三百(bai)六十度也。“五德”者(zhe),五行之(zhi)德也。木為歲星,其德為仁,火(huo)為熒惑,其德為禮,土為鎮(zhen)星,其德為信,金為太白,其德為義,水為辰(chen)星,其德為智。天上五大行星在二十八(ba)宿中,呈現順(shun)逆留伏,沖已凌犯,芒角動搖等狀(zhuang)態的運(yun)動。東(dong)西為緯,五星或(huo)東(dong)或(huo)西運(yun)行,故曰“五德為緯。”
《史記·天(tian)(tian)官書》曰:“故(gu)紫(zi)宮(gong),房心,權衡(heng)、咸池(chi),虛危,列宿部星(xing),此天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)官坐(zuo)位也,為經,不(bu)移徙,大小有(you)(you)差,闊狹有(you)(you)常。水火金(jin)木填星(xing),此五(wu)星(xing)者(zhe),天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)佐(zuo),為緯(wei),見伏有(you)(you)時,所過行(xing)贏(ying)縮(suo)有(you)(you)度。”可見“四七(qi)為經,五(wu)德為緯(wei)”之(zhi)(zhi)說,有(you)(you)據可證也。
《青(qing)囊經(jing)》曰(yue):“運斡坤(kun)輿,垂光乾紀、七政樞機、流(liu)通終始。”
“斡”音臥,旋轉也(ye)。“坤輿”指大地(di)(di),“乾紀(ji)”指天(tian)。是(shi)說天(tian)地(di)(di)相對運轉中,日月(yue)五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)光輝從(cong)(cong)天(tian)上(shang)下照到地(di)(di)下來。“七(qi)(qi)政(zheng)樞機”者(zhe),《尚書(shu)(shu)·堯(yao)典》曰:“北(bei)斗七(qi)(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),所謂旋璣玉衡,以齊七(qi)(qi)政(zheng)……斗為(wei)帝(di)車,運于中央,臨制(zhi)四鄉(xiang),分陰陽,建四時,均五(wu)(wu)(wu)行,移節度,定諸(zhu)紀(ji),皆(jie)系于斗。”《晉書(shu)(shu)天(tian)文志(zhi)》曰:“北(bei)斗七(qi)(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)太微北(bei),七(qi)(qi)政(zheng)之(zhi)樞機,陰陽之(zhi)元(yuan)本也(ye),故運乎天(tian)中,而臨制(zhi)四方,以建四時而均五(wu)(wu)(wu)行也(ye)。”風(feng)水(shui)中,常見的(de)九星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)運用,即是(shi)北(bei)斗七(qi)(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)加輔(fu)弼二星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。又(you)“四七(qi)(qi)為(wei)經”,即二十(shi)(shi)八(ba)宿(su)。二十(shi)(shi)八(ba)宿(su)為(wei)目,有七(qi)(qi)曜與七(qi)(qi)禽。風(feng)水(shui)中常用朱(zhu)雀、玄武、青龍、白虎四象,和(he)七(qi)(qi)曜五(wu)(wu)(wu)行撥(bo)砂。“七(qi)(qi)禽”稱為(wei)“七(qi)(qi)元(yuan)禽星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”,不知何所從(cong)(cong)來,研(yan)究者(zhe)很少。在(zai)古天(tian)文中,常見二十(shi)(shi)八(ba)宿(su)之(zhi)名,不見七(qi)(qi)曜(二十(shi)(shi)八(ba)宿(su)五(wu)(wu)(wu)行)和(he)禽星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)名。有之(zhi),在(zai)民間數術之(zhi)中。
日月火水木(mu)金土,名為七曜(yao)。系于二十八宿每個星宿下,再(zai)加上(shang)七禽(qin)(qin)之名,有《天星演禽(qin)(qin)》、《演禽(qin)(qin)通(tong)纂》專書(shu),研究者不多。
東方七宿(su):角(jiao)木蛟、亢金龍、氐土貉、房日兔、心月(yue)狐、尾(wei)火虎、箕水豹(bao)。
北(bei)方(fang)七宿:斗木獬、牛金牛、女土蝠、虛日鼠、危月燕、室火豬、壁(bi)水(shui)貐(yu)。
西方七(qi)宿:奎木狼、婁(lou)金狗(gou)、胃土(tu)雉、昴(mao)日雞、畢月烏、觜火(huo)猴(hou)、參水猿。
南方七宿:井(jing)木犴(an)、鬼金羊、柳土獐、星(xing)日馬、張月鹿、翼(yi)火蛇、軫水(shui)蚓。
有(you)用(yong)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)宿(su)(su)記時者,叫“七(qi)(qi)元禽星”,有(you)年禽月禽日禽時禽。即用(yong)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)宿(su)(su)配合六十(shi)(shi)干支(zhi),甲子七(qi)(qi)周,共(gong)四百二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)數一個周期,故稱(cheng)“七(qi)(qi)元禽星”。在風水中,除應用(yong)北斗七(qi)(qi)星加輔弼而(er)外,二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)宿(su)(su)構成(cheng)的(de)青龍白虎朱(zhu)雀(que)玄武,更是基礎知(zhi)識之一。
郭璞《葬書》曰:“夫葬以左(zuo)為青(qing)龍(long)(long),右(you)為白虎,前(qian)為朱(zhu)雀,后(hou)為玄(xuan)武。玄(xuan)武垂頭,朱(zhu)雀翔舞,青(qing)龍(long)(long)蜿(wan)蜒,白虎馴俯,形(xing)勢反(fan)此,法當破(po)死。……”此以我為中心而定前(qian)后(hou)左(zuo)右(you)也(ye)。再有(you)《羅盤》外層,二(er)十(shi)四山環(huan)布二(er)十(shi)八宿,作定位,以量峰(feng)巒吉兇(xiong)。
《天玉經》曰:“寅(yin)申(shen)巳亥(hai)(hai)水(shui)來長,五行向中藏(zang)。辰(chen)(chen)戌(xu)丑未叩(kou)金(jin)(jin)龍(long),動得永不窮(qiong)。”可見寅(yin)宮箕水(shui)豹,申(shen)宮參水(shui)猿(yuan),巳宮軫水(shui)蚓,亥(hai)(hai)宮壁水(shui)貐,四者(zhe)皆屬水(shui)。辰(chen)(chen)宮亢金(jin)(jin)龍(long)、戌(xu)宮婁金(jin)(jin)狗,丑宮牛金(jin)(jin)牛,未宮鬼(gui)金(jin)(jin)羊(yang),四者(zhe)皆屬金(jin)(jin)。寅(yin)申(shen)巳亥(hai)(hai)言(yan)(yan)水(shui)之(zhi)來,為長生。故曰:“水(shui)來長。”辰(chen)(chen)戌(xu)丑未言(yan)(yan)水(shui)之(zhi)去,故曰“動得永不窮(qiong)”。此地支與(yu)星宿結合(he)而言(yan)(yan)也。
“地德上(shang)載,天光下臨,陰用(yong)陽(yang)朝,陽(yang)用(yong)陰應,陰陽(yang)相見,福祿永貞,陰陽(yang)相乘(cheng),禍咎踵(zhong)門。”
此節“地(di)(di)德上(shang)載,天(tian)(tian)光(guang)下臨(lin)”,是先言(yan)地(di)(di),可知是以地(di)(di)為主而擇(ze)天(tian)(tian)光(guang)下臨(lin)之時。地(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)在風水(shui)中(zhong)特別重要(yao),《青囊序(xu)》曰:“先天(tian)(tian)羅(luo)經十二(er)(er)支(zhi)(zhi),后天(tian)(tian)再(zai)分干(gan)與維,八(ba)干(gan)四維輔支(zhi)(zhi)位,子母(mu)公孫同此推。”很明確,是以十二(er)(er)地(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)為主,八(ba)干(gan)四維只是用(yong)來輔佐(zuo)地(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)而已(yi)。前人已(yi)創作了“地(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)掌”,應(ying)用(yong)很廣,特別大六壬,六壬金口(kou)訣等數術,地(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)掌發揮(hui)了極其精微的作用(yong)。風水(shui)擇(ze)日擇(ze)時,選(xuan)定“地(di)(di)德上(shang)載,天(tian)(tian)光(guang)下臨(lin)”的時空陰陽(yang)相見之時,用(yong)十二(er)(er)地(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)掌作工具,真是“天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)都來一掌中(zhong)”了。
十二支(zhi)分陰(yin)陽:從子至巳(si)(si)為(wei)陽,從午至亥為(wei)陰(yin)。子寅辰午申戌為(wei)陽,未巳(si)(si)卯丑亥酉為(wei)陰(yin)。
十干分陰(yin)陽(yang):從(cong)甲至(zhi)戊為(wei)(wei)陽(yang),從(cong)己至(zhi)癸為(wei)(wei)陰(yin)。甲丙戊庚壬為(wei)(wei)陽(yang),乙丁(ding)己辛癸為(wei)(wei)陰(yin)。
河圖數分陰陽(yang):一至五生數為(wei)陽(yang),六至十成數為(wei)陰,一三五七九天數為(wei)陽(yang),二四六八(ba)十地數為(wei)陰。
由是可知(zhi),有陰(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)之陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),有陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)之陰(yin)。有陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)之陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),有陰(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)之陰(yin)。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)之陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)孤陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)也(ye),陰(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)之陰(yin)寡陰(yin)也(ye)。
《易》曰:“與天(tian)地合(he)(he)(he)其德,與日月合(he)(he)(he)其明(ming),與四時合(he)(he)(he)其序,與鬼神合(he)(he)(he)其吉兇。”“合(he)(he)(he)者”,陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)得配而(er)相(xiang)交,一陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)一陽(yang)之謂(wei)道(dao)。即天(tian)地盤之陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)配合(he)(he)(he)而(er)相(xiang)交,是“陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)用陽(yang)朝,陽(yang)用陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)應,陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)相(xiang)見(jian)(jian),福祿永貞”也。若陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)不配,陽(yang)見(jian)(jian)陽(yang)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)見(jian)(jian)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)者,為(wei)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)相(xiang)乘,“禍咎踵門”,接踵禍至也。
“天(tian)之所(suo)(suo)臨(lin)(lin),地(di)之所(suo)(suo)盛,形止(zhi)氣蓄(xu)(xu),萬(wan)物(wu)化生,氣感而應,鬼(gui)福及(ji)人。”此(ci)言(yan)“天(tian)之所(suo)(suo)臨(lin)(lin),地(di)之所(suo)(suo)盛”,是從“地(di)德(de)上載(zai),天(tian)光下臨(lin)(lin)”而得到“地(di)之所(suo)(suo)盛”的(de)效果(guo),天(tian)地(di)相交于(yu)此(ci),形止(zhi)氣蓄(xu)(xu)于(yu)此(ci),既能生萬(wan)物(wu),自能得其(qi)感應之氣,獲(huo)福猶如靈鬼(gui)所(suo)(suo)與,故曰(yue):“鬼(gui)福及(ji)人”。
“是故天有(you)(you)象,地有(you)(you)形,上下相須(xu),而成一(yi)體(ti),此之(zhi)謂化(hua)機。”這是總(zong)結(jie)前(qian)文,天文三垣二十八宿(su),有(you)(you)天象可以觀察,地有(you)(you)二十四山,山水形勢可以測(ce)識。妙在天地之(zhi)能配(pei)合,一(yi)陰一(yi)陽而用(yong)(yong)之(zhi),必須(xu)掌握(wo)應用(yong)(yong)其中變化(hua)的機理,而用(yong)(yong)“化(hua)機”二字為(wei)(wei)核心而總(zong)結(jie)之(zhi)。月將加用(yong)(yong)時(shi),其為(wei)(wei)天地之(zhi)化(hua)機乎?
《青囊經》曰:“無極(ji)而太極(ji)也(ye)。理寓于氣(qi),氣(qi)囿(you)于形。日月星宿,剛氣(qi)上騰;山川草木,柔氣(qi)下凝。資陽以昌,用陰(yin)以成(cheng);陽德有(you)象,陰(yin)德有(you)位。”
“無(wu)(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)而(er)太(tai)極(ji)(ji)也(ye)。”一(yi)句,似出(chu)自宋周濂溪《太(tai)極(ji)(ji)圖(tu)說(shuo)》。“無(wu)(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)”一(yi)辭(ci)不(bu)(bu)見于(yu)《周易》。《周易系辭(ci)》曰(yue):“是(shi)故易有太(tai)極(ji)(ji),是(shi)生兩儀(yi)”。“太(tai)極(ji)(ji)”一(yi)辭(ci)在(zai)(zai)《系辭(ci)》中也(ye)僅只一(yi)見。《老子》第二十八章(zhang)曰(yue):“知其(qi)白,守其(qi)黑(hei),為(wei)(wei)天下式(shi)。為(wei)(wei)天下式(shi),常(chang)德(de)不(bu)(bu)忒(te),復歸于(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)。”“無(wu)(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)”一(yi)辭(ci)是(shi)道家(jia)之(zhi)言(yan)(yan),本言(yan)(yan)其(qi)有無(wu)(wu)(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui),黑(hei)白分(fen)明,有生于(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)境界(jie)。“太(tai)極(ji)(ji)”一(yi)辭(ci),是(shi)《易》家(jia)之(zhi)理(li),是(shi)絕(jue)對(dui)(dui)境界(jie)。“絕(jue)對(dui)(dui)”則難于(yu)形(xing)(xing)容。甚(shen)至(zhi)誤(wu)認“太(tai)極(ji)(ji)”為(wei)(wei)有,而(er)誤(wu)作(zuo)“無(wu)(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)而(er)太(tai)極(ji)(ji)”。甚(shen)至(zhi)更為(wei)(wei)明確地說(shuo)成(cheng)“無(wu)(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)生太(tai)極(ji)(ji)”。本屬兩家(jia)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)辭(ci)意概念,鑿合在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起,造(zao)成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)可鑒別的(de)(de)錯誤(wu)。不(bu)(bu)妨改作(zuo)“易有太(tai)極(ji)(ji)也(ye),理(li)寓于(yu)氣(qi),氣(qi)囿于(yu)形(xing)(xing)。”理(li)與(yu)氣(qi),氣(qi)與(yu)形(xing)(xing),層(ceng)層(ceng)相(xiang)(xiang)依(yi),三(san)位一(yi)體(ti)。日月(yue)星宿而(er)為(wei)(wei)陽(yang)剛之(zhi)氣(qi)上騰。山川草木,而(er)為(wei)(wei)陰柔之(zhi)氣(qi)下凝。兩分(fen)三(san)合,陽(yang)德(de)有象(xiang)在(zai)(zai)上,陰德(de)有位在(zai)(zai)下,體(ti)用(yong)具而(er)象(xiang)位明,陰陽(yang)精義,寓于(yu)太(tai)極(ji)(ji)之(zhi)理(li)也(ye)。
“地有四勢,氣從(cong)八(ba)方(fang),外(wai)氣行形(xing),內(nei)氣止(zhi)生,乘風則散(san),界水(shui)止(zhi)。”
《葬書》曰(yue):“地(di)有四(si)(si)勢,氣從八(ba)方,寅(yin)申巳亥,四(si)(si)勢也(ye)(ye)。震離坎兌(dui),乾坤艮巽,八(ba)方也(ye)(ye)。是故四(si)(si)勢之山,生八(ba)方之龍(long),四(si)(si)勢行(xing)龍(long),八(ba)方施(shi)生,一得其(qi)宅,吉慶(qing)榮貴。”此言“因形察(cha)氣”之要領,從兩儀之中尋覓“太極”之理(li)也(ye)(ye)。
“是故(gu)順五兆(zhao),用(yong)八(ba)卦。排六甲(jia),布八(ba)門。推五運,定(ding)六氣。明(ming)地德(de),立人道(dao)。因變(bian)化,原(yuan)始終。此之謂化成。”前六句是風(feng)水象(xiang)數局法模式綱(gang)要項目,前人都是以口傳(chuan)心授(shou)的方式傳(chuan)承,沒有寫(xie)在(zai)書(shu)上。很(hen)難知其原(yuan)意,自古以來解者多(duo)是隨文(wen)敷(fu)衍,也沒有具體寫(xie)明(ming)。
“是故(gu)順五(wu)(wu)(wu)兆,用(yong)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)”者,當是“玄(xuan)空(kong)大卦(gua)(gua)”模(mo)式。“五(wu)(wu)(wu)兆”者,上(shang)(shang)卷有“五(wu)(wu)(wu)兆生(sheng)成(cheng),流行終始”之(zhi)句,可知“五(wu)(wu)(wu)兆”由一生(sheng)一成(cheng)構成(cheng)。即(ji)指(zhi)一六共(gong)宗(zong),二七同道,三(san)八(ba)為朋,四(si)九為友,五(wu)(wu)(wu)十同途。其排列順序是按一二三(san)四(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)、六七八(ba)九十順行也。即(ji)是玄(xuan)空(kong)大卦(gua)(gua)天(tian)卦(gua)(gua)地(di)(di)卦(gua)(gua)排列模(mo)式。蔣大鴻注《天(tian)玉經》中“經四(si)位而起父母”是一句很重要的(de)口訣。《天(tian)玉經》曰:“天(tian)卦(gua)(gua)江東掌上(shang)(shang)尋,知了值千金,地(di)(di)畫八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)誰(shui)能繪,山與水(shui)相對。”即(ji)是“順五(wu)(wu)(wu)兆,用(yong)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)”的(de)內容。《地(di)(di)理(li)辨(bian)正揭隱》、《家存(cun)玄(xuan)空(kong)大卦(gua)(gua)地(di)(di)理(li)秘傳》有詳述。
“排六甲(jia)(jia),布八門(men)(men)”者,是(shi)明顯地(di)(di)指的(de)《遁甲(jia)(jia)式》用(yong)(yong)于風(feng)水者。六甲(jia)(jia)即甲(jia)(jia)子戊(wu),甲(jia)(jia)戌己,甲(jia)(jia)申庚(geng),甲(jia)(jia)午(wu)辛,甲(jia)(jia)辰壬,甲(jia)(jia)寅癸也(ye)。八門(men)(men)即休生傷杜,景(jing)死驚開八門(men)(men)。《羅經(jing)》中“透地(di)(di)奇(qi)門(men)(men)”用(yong)(yong)相(xiang)當(dang)的(de)篇幅(fu),言之頗詳(xiang)。它是(shi)以(yi)透地(di)(di)六十龍干支(zhi)方位作(zuo)定(ding)局的(de)依(yi)據,當(dang)然(ran)是(shi)先選定(ding)山環水抱,巒頭(tou)合格后(hou)而作(zuo)定(ding)局演測(ce)的(de)。當(dang)今(jin)有(you)用(yong)(yong)奇(qi)門(men)(men)作(zuo)風(feng)水者,用(yong)(yong)現場時間(jian)為準而定(ding)局演測(ce),可(ke)謂是(shi)“預測(ce)風(feng)水”。然(ran)則(ze)自(zi)古(gu)皆(jie)有(you)“相(xiang)風(feng)水”與(yu)(yu)“預測(ce)風(feng)水”相(xiang)結合者。公元前成王遷都洛邑,《書經(jing)》就(jiu)有(you)“召公相(xiang)宅”,“周公卜宅”,然(ran)后(hou)始(shi)定(ding)都洛陽之記載。可(ke)謂信息同(tong)(tong)步也(ye),相(xiang)宅與(yu)(yu)卜宅同(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)也(ye)。
“推五(wu)(wu)運(yun)(yun),定六(liu)氣(qi)”者(zhe),“五(wu)(wu)運(yun)(yun)六(liu)氣(qi)”是來源很早(zao)的干支學說,在(zai)《黃帝內經》中有(you)“天元(yuan)紀大(da)論”,“五(wu)(wu)運(yun)(yun)行大(da)論”,“六(liu)微旨大(da)論”等專題(ti)論述的古文,是醫家預測流行時病(bing)的系統理論。有(you)一抱子(zi)先生《運(yun)(yun)氣(qi)論奧諺解(jie)》一書,三(san)百余(yu)頁,言之(zhi)頗詳,皆(jie)屬醫家之(zhi)用,尚未見到怎樣(yang)落(luo)實應用于(yu)(yu)“風水”者(zhe),可能早(zao)已失(shi)傳了(le)。只(zhi)有(you)請教于(yu)(yu)風水古法(fa)專家了(le)。
“明地德,立人道(dao)”者(zhe),是承上文象(xiang)數(shu)模式推(tui)演測識之法,是為(wei)了明白地理功(gong)能,為(wei)人所用,以冀有益于人道(dao)種(zhong)種(zhong)需求。
“因變化,原始終,此之謂化成”者,即是(shi)根(gen)據(ju)象數局(ju)法模式之變化,以明(ming)白所得地(di)理功能的(de)衰旺(wang)全過程,這就(jiu)是(shi)在地(di)理千(qian)變萬化之中,最后取(qu)得了(le)完成。故(gu)曰(yue):“此之謂化成”。
自(zi)來風水門派(pai)特(te)多,讀(du)唐楊筠松《都(dou)天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)照》曰:“百(bai)二十(shi)(shi)家(jia)渺無訣(jue)”。可(ke)見其方法之多,早(zao)已充滿(man)社會了。然,既已成家(jia),焉得無訣(jue)?“渺”小也,謂其法之“渺小”而(er)不(bu)(bu)足道(dao),缺乏系統(tong)條理之大(da)道(dao)理乎(hu)(hu)?不(bu)(bu)然焉可(ke)屈指計為一家(jia)乎(hu)(hu)?又(you)說(shuo)“筠松寶(bao)(bao)照真秘(mi)訣(jue),父(fu)子(zi)雖(sui)親不(bu)(bu)肯說(shuo)”。蔣大(da)鴻《天(tian)玉經》注中(zhong)有曰:“此謂玄空大(da)卦(gua)秘(mi)密寶(bao)(bao)藏,非真傳(chuan)正授,斷不(bu)(bu)能(neng)洞悉其妙(miao)者也。”姜汝皋(gao)《青囊奧語》注中(zhong)亦曰:“必(bi)待真傳(chuan)乃可(ke)推測(ce)而(er)得。”都(dou)是強調師承,十(shi)(shi)分保守,以天(tian)機不(bu)(bu)可(ke)泄(xie)漏為托辭,著書(shu)立說(shuo),法不(bu)(bu)公開,這(zhe)是一種境(jing)界(jie)。我們一讀(du)黃(huang)石公《青囊經》、郭(guo)璞《葬(zang)書(shu)》確是直言學理,并未故弄玄虛,省(sheng)去不(bu)(bu)必(bi)要的篇幅,這(zhe)又(you)是另一種境(jing)界(jie)。沈竹(zhu)礽之偉大(da),在(zai)于無私奉獻,毫不(bu)(bu)保留,而(er)今“沈氏玄空”普及天(tian)下,凡(fan)是學者皆可(ke)驗其法之是非。
中華傳(chuan)統文(wen)(wen)化,應(ying)該走(zou)向世界,普及(ji)全(quan)球,打(da)破(po)國界和民(min)族局限(xian)。《地理(li)五經》等應(ying)期待一(yi)位風水文(wen)(wen)化睿智(zhi)之士,將它明白解(jie)出,全(quan)盤公開,不(bu)再隱秘,造福世人(ren)。窮人(ren)用(yong)之,可以(yi)(yi)致富,惡人(ren)用(yong)之可以(yi)(yi)變(bian)善,方是真正的(de)法(fa)寶,有(you)益于人(ren)類的(de)學問(wen)。
經曰:
天尊地卑,陽奇(qi)陰耦,一六共宗,二七同(tong)道(dao),三八(ba)為朋,四九為友,五十同(tong)途,闔辟奇(qi)耦,五兆生成,流(liu)行終始,八(ba)體洪布(bu),子(zi)母分(fen)施。
天(tian)地定位,山澤通氣(qi)(qi),雷風相薄,水火不相射,中五(wu)立極(ji),臨制四方,背一面(mian)九,三七居旁,二八四六(liu),縱(zong)橫紀綱,陽(yang)以(yi)相陰,陰以(yi)含陽(yang),陽(yang)生于陰,柔生于剛,陰德洪濟,陽(yang)德順昌,是故(gu),陽(yang)本(ben)陰,陰育陽(yang),天(tian)依形,地附氣(qi)(qi),此之謂化(hua)始。
白話翻譯:
天陽(yang)地陰(yin)(yin),陽(yang)尊陰(yin)(yin)卑,陽(yang)數(shu)(shu)為奇數(shu)(shu),陰(yin)(yin)數(shu)(shu)為偶數(shu)(shu),(16、27、38、49、5.10 為河圖理論),陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)變化五行生成,千古(gu)不變的運轉。
八體洪(hong)布,子母分施:八卦形(xing)成。
先(xian)(xian)天八卦,與(yu)洛書(shu),先(xian)(xian)天八卦陰(yin)陽相(xiang)對,又陰(yin)中(zhong)有陽,陽中(zhong)有陰(yin)。
經曰:
天有五星(xing),地(di)有五行。天分星(xing)宿,地(di)列山川。氣行于地(di),形麗于天。
因(yin)形察氣,以立人紀(ji)。紫微天極,太乙(yi)之御,君(jun)臨四正,南面而(er)治。
天市東宮,少微(wei)(wei)西掖。太微(wei)(wei)南(nan)垣(yuan),旁(pang)照(zhao)四(si)極(ji)。四(si)七為(wei)經,五(wu)德為(wei)緯,
運干坤興,垂光(guang)乾紀(ji)。七政樞機,流通終始(shi)。地德上(shang)載,天光(guang)下臨。
陰(yin)用陽(yang)朝,陽(yang)用陰(yin)應。陰(yin)陽(yang)相見(jian),福(fu)祿永貞。陰(yin)陽(yang)相乘,禍咎踵(zhong)門。
天(tian)之(zhi)所臨,地之(zhi)所感(gan)。形止氣(qi)蓄,萬物化生。氣(qi)感(gan)而應,鬼福及人。
是(shi)故天有(you)象,地有(you)形,上下相須,而成(cheng)一體,此之謂化(hua)機。
白話翻譯:
天(tian)(tian)有金(jin)木水(shui)火土(tu)五星,地有金(jin)木水(shui)火土(tu)五行。天(tian)(tian)空分(fen)布二(er)十八宿,大地排列山(shan)峰河流(liu)。
氣場通行大地(di),形(xing)體依附天空。從形(xing)體觀察氣場,由此確立風(feng)水影響(xiang)人們吉兇禍福的判斷(duan)準則(ze)。
觀(guan)北斗七(qi)星(xing)指向的北極(ji)星(xing)找到28星(xing)宿(su)。
乾南(nan)坤北(bei)定位(wei),與金(jin)木水火土日月關系(xi)最密切,地氣上(shang)載,是因為(wei)天光照(zhao)射所致(zhi)。
陰用陽(yang)(yang)(yang)來朝(chao)向。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)用陰來感應,陰陽(yang)(yang)(yang)相見是(shi)好(hao)的,陰陽(yang)(yang)(yang)相乘是(shi)不好(hao)的,
形止氣聚萬物生發。氣感而(er)應,死人造福活人。
天(tian)有(you)四(si)象,地有(you)四(si)勢,上下(xia)需成一體形(xing)象感應。
經曰:
無(wu)極而(er)太極也,理(li)寓于(yu)氣(qi),氣(qi)囿(you)于(yu)形(xing),日月星宿,剛氣(qi)上騰,山川草木,柔氣(qi)下凝(ning),資陽以昌,
用(yong)陰(yin)以成,陽德(de)(de)有象,陰(yin)德(de)(de)有位,地有四勢,氣從八方(fang),外(wai)氣行(xing)形,內氣止(zhi)生,乘風則(ze)散,界水則(ze)止(zhi),
是(shi)故,順五兆,用(yong)八(ba)卦,排六甲,布八(ba)門(men),推五運(yun),定(ding)六氣,明地(di)德(de),立人道,因變化,原終始,
此之謂化成。
白話翻譯:
藏風聚(ju)氣(qi)(qi),聚(ju)氣(qi)(qi)依靠形來完成的,太陽(yang)月亮28星宿(su)。陽(yang)氣(qi)(qi)上升來源于山川草木,陰(yin)(yin)氣(qi)(qi)下(xia)降(jiang),滋(zi)潤山川草木,陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)交感。陽(yang)要有(you)好的形象,陰(yin)(yin)要有(you)其位置。地有(you)四勢前(qian)(qian)后(hou)左右(you),氣(qi)(qi)從八方而(er)來以前(qian)(qian)方收氣(qi)(qi),外(wai)氣(qi)(qi)行與(yu)形勢,內氣(qi)(qi),止,聚(ju),風吹氣(qi)(qi)散,遇水則止,水可以界氣(qi)(qi)。
用五行八(ba)卦,排60花甲子,布(bu)八(ba)門,奇門遁甲,推金木(mu)水火(huo)土五運,定(ding)六(liu)氣,明地理(li),立人道。因為變化所以不能長(chang)久。