《青囊(nang)經》有(you)上(shang)中下卷(juan),上(shang)卷(juan)敘述了陰陽二氣(qi)融合與河(he)圖(tu)五(wu)氣(qi)、洛書方(fang)位而化(hua)成體(ti)天(tian)地(di)的(de)(de)定(ding)位學理,謂之“化(hua)始(shi)”;中卷(juan)講天(tian)地(di)間(jian)形氣(qi)依附與方(fang)位配(pei)合而成一體(ti)的(de)(de)動力,謂之“化(hua)機”;下卷(juan)說明了天(tian)地(di)間(jian)氣(qi)與形、方(fang)位及各種(zhong)法(fa)則配(pei)合后(hou)的(de)(de)影(ying)響結果,謂之“化(hua)成”。
黃石公以后的(de)風水師們則在此理論體系下進行技術上解釋和(he)附會,并逐步(bu)使風水術駁雜、晦澀和(he)神秘。
郭璞(pu)(晉)得之,撰(zhuan)寫《葬(zang)書》而多處(chu)引用原文。楊筠松(唐)得之,而有《奧語(yu)》、《天玉》之著,僅是學習《青囊(nang)經(jing)》體會而已。曾文迪(唐)《青囊(nang)序》亦(yi)只(zhi)闡發其文。蔣大鴻(明末)注(zhu)《青囊(nang)經(jing)》,注(zhu)文雖長,尤難(nan)盡(jin)其底蘊。
(出自易學家霍斐然先生)
中華傳統文化(hua)中,風(feng)水文化(hua)是不(bu)可缺少的(de)(de)一頁。古之先賢(xian),已勞心竭力,遺留下不(bu)少豐富多彩的(de)(de)經典文章(zhang)。由于文詞隱(yin)秘(mi),用(yong)意精審,很難悟其要妙,確又給讀者(zhe)留下了無限思維的(de)(de)空間,令人趣讀不(bu)已,興味無窮(qiong)!
風(feng)水之(zhi)書,汗(han)牛充棟(dong),黃石(shi)公《青(qing)(qing)囊(nang)經(jing)》上(shang)中下三(san)卷,全文(wen)僅四百一十字(zi),真是(shi)博大(da)精深、簡(jian)潔明(ming)快、直言學(xue)理,而(er)不故弄玄虛。郭璞得之(zhi),撰寫(xie)《葬書》而(er)常引(yin)用其文(wen);楊(yang)筠(yun)松得之(zhi),而(er)有(you)《奧(ao)語》、《天玉》之(zhi)著;曾文(wen)迪《青(qing)(qing)囊(nang)序》亦是(shi)闡發其文(wen);蔣大(da)鴻撰《地理辨正》,將《青(qing)(qing)囊(nang)經(jing)》列為“首經(jing)”,注文(wen)雖(sui)長,尤難盡其底蘊。但(dan)不知《四庫全書》何故未搜載此(ci)文(wen)?機會(hui)難得,特將一點體(ti)會(hui)寫(xie)出,用以就教于高明(ming)。
《青(qing)囊經》開章明義,即曰“天(tian)(tian)尊地(di)卑、陽(yang)奇(qi)陰(yin)偶(ou)”。可見著者是以天(tian)(tian)為陽(yang),為奇(qi)數(shu)(shu)(shu),為尊位;地(di)為陰(yin),為偶(ou)數(shu)(shu)(shu),為卑位。天(tian)(tian)地(di)屬(shu)自然界(jie),尊卑屬(shu)社會倫理(li),奇(qi)偶(ou)屬(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據性質(zhi)。前人早(zao)已用數(shu)(shu)(shu)代(dai)事,是數(shu)(shu)(shu)代(dai)學,而非代(dai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)學,用數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)反映天(tian)(tian)地(di)間之奧秘,故稱“天(tian)(tian)地(di)數(shu)(shu)(shu)”。
《周易(yi)·系辭》曰:“天(tian)(tian)一(yi)地(di)二,天(tian)(tian)三地(di)四,天(tian)(tian)五(wu)地(di)六,天(tian)(tian)七(qi)地(di)八,天(tian)(tian)九地(di)十(shi)。天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)五(wu),地(di)數(shu)(shu)五(wu),五(wu)位(wei)相得而(er)(er)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)合。天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)二十(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu),地(di)數(shu)(shu)三十(shi),凡天(tian)(tian)地(di)之數(shu)(shu)五(wu)十(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu),此所以成變(bian)化而(er)(er)行鬼神也”。此十(shi)進制自然數(shu)(shu)列,極簡明易(yi)知,何(he)故著者視天(tian)(tian)地(di)數(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)“成變(bian)化,行鬼神”的作(zuo)用?真是(shi)超越一(yi)切,主宰一(yi)切了(le)。絕不(bu)是(shi)一(yi)般(ban)應用數(shu)(shu)學概念,而(er)(er)富有(you)(you)(you)(you)神秘(mi)色彩!它不(bu)同(tong)于科學,而(er)(er)是(shi)另(ling)有(you)(you)(you)(you)學說體系,另(ling)有(you)(you)(you)(you)應用途(tu)徑,不(bu)宜(yi)混(hun)為(wei)一(yi)談了(le)。
同時(shi)著者提出“天尊地(di)卑、陽(yang)奇陰偶”之(zhi)后,接著進(jin)一步將(jiang)“天地(di)之(zhi)數”從應(ying)用系(xi)統(tong)落實(shi),設(she)置(zhi)成“河圖”之(zhi)數曰:
“一六共宗,二七同道(dao),三八為(wei)朋,四(si)九為(wei)友(you),五(wu)十同途,闔辟奇偶,五(wu)兆生成,流行終始”。
這里雖未提(ti) “河(he)圖”之名,正(zheng)符合傳承的(de)“河(he)圖”數列(lie),約定俗成,名之曰“河(he)圖”,便于稱述。
即(ji)是(shi)將(jiang)十個(ge)自(zi)然(ran)數(shu)列,排成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩行(xing)(xing),何等簡明扼(e)要,自(zi)然(ran)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)六、二(er)七(qi)、三(san)(san)八、四(si)(si)(si)(si)九(jiu)(jiu)、五(wu)(wu)十”。一(yi)(yi)(yi)奇(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)偶(ou),一(yi)(yi)(yi)陰一(yi)(yi)(yi)陽,一(yi)(yi)(yi)天一(yi)(yi)(yi)地,五(wu)(wu)個(ge)不(bu)同(tong)的數(shu)列。并分別作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu):“共宗、同(tong)道、為朋(peng)、為友、同(tong)途”等五(wu)(wu)種含義。而有“闔辟(pi)(pi)奇(qi)偶(ou),五(wu)(wu)兆生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),流(liu)行(xing)(xing)終(zhong)始”的種種作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。“闔”者(zhe)“合(he)(he)”也。即(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)與六合(he)(he),二(er)與七(qi)合(he)(he),三(san)(san)與八合(he)(he),四(si)(si)(si)(si)與九(jiu)(jiu)合(he)(he),五(wu)(wu)與十合(he)(he),組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“河圖(tu)”之式。即(ji)陰陽得配(pei),雌(ci)雄相交,一(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)五(wu)(wu)兆,而有水火(huo)木金(jin)土(tu),春(chun)夏秋(qiu)冬,日(ri)往月來,運行(xing)(xing)不(bu)已之象。《尚書(shu)(shu)·洪(hong)范》曰(yue):“一(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing),一(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)水,二(er)曰(yue)火(huo),三(san)(san)曰(yue)木,四(si)(si)(si)(si)曰(yue)金(jin),五(wu)(wu)曰(yue)土(tu)。水曰(yue)潤下,火(huo)曰(yue)上(shang)炎(yan),木曰(yue)曲直,金(jin)曰(yue)從革,土(tu)曰(yue)爰稼穡。潤下作(zuo)(zuo)咸,炎(yan)上(shang)作(zuo)(zuo)苦,曲直作(zuo)(zuo)酸,從革作(zuo)(zuo)辛,稼穡作(zuo)(zuo)甘(gan)。”即(ji)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)六合(he)(he)水,二(er)七(qi)合(he)(he)火(huo),三(san)(san)八合(he)(he)木,四(si)(si)(si)(si)九(jiu)(jiu)合(he)(he)金(jin),五(wu)(wu)十合(he)(he)土(tu)的“河圖(tu)”五(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)系(xi)列。但《洪(hong)范》所言,僅只有一(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)三(san)(san)四(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)等五(wu)(wu)個(ge)生(sheng)數(shu),未(wei)講六七(qi)八九(jiu)(jiu)十五(wu)(wu)個(ge)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)。將(jiang)“河圖(tu)”展(zhan)開,即(ji)是(shi)“洛書(shu)(shu)”。“河圖(tu)”、“洛書(shu)(shu)”確是(shi)風水術(shu)之正宗。實際(ji)將(jiang)天地數(shu)闔之成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為“河圖(tu)”,辟(pi)(pi)之即(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為“洛書(shu)(shu)”。自(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)體系(xi),妙用(yong)無窮。
《青囊(nang)經》曰:“八體(ti)宏(hong)布,子(zi)母分施。天地定位(wei),山澤(ze)通氣(qi),雷(lei)風相薄,水火不相射”。
“八(ba)體”者,是(shi)(shi)指前文(wen)“一(yi)六、二(er)(er)(er)(er)七、三(san)八(ba)、四九”也。“宏布”者,是(shi)(shi)指將此八(ba)數展開,并配之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以文(wen)王八(ba)卦(gua)圖,一(yi)卦(gua)管三(san)山,中爻(yao)為父母(mu)(mu),天(tian)(tian)(tian)元(yuan)也。初(chu)爻(yao)為地(di)元(yuan),逆子(zi)也。上爻(yao)為人元(yuan),順子(zi)也。故曰“子(zi)母(mu)(mu)分施”。《青囊序》曰:“先天(tian)(tian)(tian)羅經十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)支(zhi)(zhi),后天(tian)(tian)(tian)再分干與維(wei)(wei),八(ba)干四維(wei)(wei)輔支(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),子(zi)母(mu)(mu)公孫同此推(tui)”。皆是(shi)(shi)講羅經空(kong)間二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四山的(de)(de)(de)(de)分布劃(hua)分情形。周(zhou)(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四分法(fa),是(shi)(shi)源(yuan)于天(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四節氣,取其(qi)時(shi)間與空(kong)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)對應(ying),便于時(shi)空(kong)應(ying)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)結合。早在《淮南子(zi)·天(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)訓》中就有(you)(you)明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)干地(di)支(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)四維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四節分置的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載。只不過四維(wei)(wei)尚(shang)未(wei)(wei)用上卦(gua)名(ming),而是(shi)(shi)艮位(wei)作(zuo)“報德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)維(wei)(wei)”,巽位(wei)作(zuo)“常羊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)維(wei)(wei)”,坤位(wei)作(zuo)“背(bei)陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)維(wei)(wei)”,乾(qian)位(wei)作(zuo)“蹄通之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)維(wei)(wei)”。雖未(wei)(wei)作(zuo)圖,已(yi)有(you)(you)明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)字敘述(shu)。謂“日(ri)行(xing)一(yi)度,十(shi)(shi)五(wu)日(ri)一(yi)節,以生二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變”。
《青(qing)囊經》在“八(ba)體宏布(bu),子母分施”之后(hou),加上《說卦(gua)(gua)(gua)》“天(tian)地定(ding)位(wei)”一(yi)段,可(ke)知(zhi)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)配(pei)(pei)上洛書為一(yi)體的。此段,邵子作先(xian)天(tian)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)排列位(wei)置解。風水中確(que)有(you)用(yong)先(xian)天(tian)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)配(pei)(pei)九宮和(he)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)配(pei)(pei)九宮的。卦(gua)(gua)(gua)雖然有(you)先(xian)后(hou)天(tian)兩種(zhong)排法,而九宮數(shu)列僅有(you)此一(yi)種(zhong)。可(ke)知(zhi)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)數(shu)為核(he)心(xin)的。“玄空六法”是(shi)(shi)用(yong)先(xian)天(tian)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)進行抽(chou)爻換象,排成(cheng)“玄空大卦(gua)(gua)(gua)”的。根據《青(qing)囊經》“背一(yi)面九、三七居旁、二八(ba)四六、縱橫紀(ji)綱”的數(shu)序考察(cha)。這里是(shi)(shi)用(yong)的“文(wen)(wen)王(wang)后(hou)天(tian)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)”的排列。《羅(luo)經》確(que)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)位(wei)定(ding)位(wei)的。
“天地(di)(di)(di)定(ding)位”一(yi)段(duan)文字,是(shi)應用“天地(di)(di)(di)數(shu)(shu)”次序,也(ye)即(ji)是(shi)“納甲數(shu)(shu)”次序。“天地(di)(di)(di)定(ding)位”即(ji)乾(qian)一(yi)坤二;“山澤通氣”即(ji)艮三(san)兌四;“雷風相薄”即(ji)震七巽八;“水火不相射”即(ji)坎五離(li)六。這里從《帛書易》的(de)六十四卦(gua)卦(gua)序排列看(kan),可以(yi)證明天地(di)(di)(di)數(shu)(shu)應用之久遠(yuan)。周公《八宅法(fa)》稱乾(qian)坤艮兌為(wei)(wei)西四卦(gua),坎離(li)震巽為(wei)(wei)東四卦(gua)。都(dou)是(shi)天地(di)(di)(di)數(shu)(shu)次序,與《說卦(gua)》中記(ji)載相符。可知(zhi)用天地(di)(di)(di)數(shu)(shu)闔(he)之成“河圖”。辟之成“洛書”。配合八卦(gua),契合天文二十四節氣,定(ding)出“羅經”二十四山。成為(wei)(wei)風水天地(di)(di)(di)人三(san)盤學理的(de)應用支柱。
《青囊經》曰:“中(zhong)五立極,臨制四(si)方,背一面(mian)九(jiu),三(san)七居旁,二八四(si)六,縱橫紀綱”。
“中五(wu)立級,臨制四(si)方”者,正是(shi)入(ru)用(yong)的(de)試范(fan)舉例(li)。這里明白是(shi)一個(ge)“洛書(shu)”的(de)局法。查其文字數(shu)序當是(shi)“翻(fan)(fan)卦(gua)(gua)法”,翻(fan)(fan)卦(gua)(gua)是(shi)以卦(gua)(gua)為(wei)重點(dian)(dian),而(er)不翻(fan)(fan)入(ru)中宮,故將“中五(wu)立極,臨制四(si)方”作定點(dian)(dian)應用(yong)。翻(fan)(fan)卦(gua)(gua)法是(shi)黃石公所(suo)創,《青(qing)囊經》是(shi)黃石公所(suo)作,頗(po)為(wei)吻(wen)合。這里的(de)《洛書(shu)》他未作“戴(dai)九履一,左三右七,二四(si)為(wei)肩(jian),六八為(wei)足,五(wu)居中央”的(de)立體次序撰述,而(er)是(shi)作“背一面(mian)(mian)九,三七居旁”的(de)平面(mian)(mian)論述。也未提洛書(shu)之名(ming)。由此(ci)(ci)可知,這是(shi)用(yong)文王八卦(gua)(gua)配九宮的(de)翻(fan)(fan)卦(gua)(gua)試例(li)。《青(qing)囊海角經》邱(qiu)延(yan)翰等是(shi)用(yong)此(ci)(ci)法。
“背一(yi)面九”正是陽宅(zhai)翻卦從向上起之例。此例坐坎(kan)向離,從離上爻(yao)(yao)動(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)震三,震中(zhong)爻(yao)(yao)動(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)兌(dui)七(qi),兌(dui)下爻(yao)(yao)動(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)坎(kan)一(yi),坎(kan)中(zhong)爻(yao)(yao)動(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)坤二(er),坤上爻(yao)(yao)動(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)艮八,艮動(dong)中(zhong)爻(yao)(yao)為巽(xun)四,巽(xun)動(dong)下爻(yao)(yao)為乾六(liu),乾動(dong)中(zhong)爻(yao)(yao)為離九。
“二(er)八四六”是(shi)陰(yin)宅從坐(zuo)山起之(zhi)試(shi)例。以坤(kun)(kun)(kun)代(dai)表陰(yin)宅。《青囊海角(jiao)經》“坤(kun)(kun)(kun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)母,諸山所托,三吉六秀(xiu),試(shi)定于此(ci)”。故以坤(kun)(kun)(kun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坐(zuo)山,動(dong)(dong)上(shang)爻成艮八,艮動(dong)(dong)中爻為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)巽四,巽動(dong)(dong)下爻為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乾六,乾動(dong)(dong)中爻為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)離九,離動(dong)(dong)上(shang)爻為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)震三,震動(dong)(dong)中爻為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兌七,兌動(dong)(dong)下爻為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坎(kan)一(yi),坎(kan)動(dong)(dong)中爻為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坤(kun)(kun)(kun)二(er)。依(yi)貪、巨、錄、文、廉、武、破、輔弼依(yi)次排(pai)入即成。故曰(yue)“縱橫紀綱(gang)”。縱橫即陰(yin)陽,紀為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀律(lv),綱(gang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)要。此(ci)即陰(yin)陽宅綜合示范綱(gang)要。
《青囊經》曰:“陽(yang)以相陰(yin),陰(yin)以含陽(yang),陽(yang)生于陰(yin),柔生于剛,陰(yin)德(de)洪濟,陽(yang)德(de)順昌。是(shi)故陽(yang)本(ben)陰(yin),陰(yin)育陽(yang),天(tian)依形,地附氣(qi),此之謂化始(shi)。”
此段經(jing)文,特別抽(chou)象,不(bu)(bu)好理解,難(nan)得(de)(de)原(yuan)意。只好借《羅(luo)經(jing)》結(jie)構來臆測。“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以(yi)相(xiang)陰(yin)(yin)”者(zhe)(zhe),“相(xiang)”為(wei)輔助(zhu),如宰相(xiang)。羅(luo)經(jing)四(si)(si)(si)正正中排子(zi)(zi)午卯酉,地(di)支(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)陰(yin)(yin)。四(si)(si)(si)正子(zi)(zi)午卯酉兩(liang)邊,各(ge)排兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)天干相(xiang)輔佐,天干屬(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以(yi)相(xiang)陰(yin)(yin)”。“陰(yin)(yin)以(yi)含(han)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”者(zhe)(zhe),羅(luo)經(jing)四(si)(si)(si)隅正中排乾(qian)坤艮(gen)(gen)巽。乾(qian)坤艮(gen)(gen)巽四(si)(si)(si)卦(gua)屬(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),四(si)(si)(si)隅兩(liang)邊各(ge)排兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)地(di)支(zhi)(zhi),地(di)支(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)陰(yin)(yin),兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)地(di)支(zhi)(zhi)挾一(yi)個(ge)(ge)卦(gua),這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)“陰(yin)(yin)以(yi)含(han)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”也(ye)。“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)于(yu)陰(yin)(yin)”者(zhe)(zhe),陰(yin)(yin)極陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)也(ye)。如四(si)(si)(si)隅洛書數皆是(shi)(shi)陰(yin)(yin),二八四(si)(si)(si)六,各(ge)得(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)地(di)支(zhi)(zhi),又是(shi)(shi)陰(yin)(yin),唯(wei)中間乾(qian)坤艮(gen)(gen)巽四(si)(si)(si)卦(gua)屬(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),是(shi)(shi)“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)于(yu)陰(yin)(yin)”也(ye)。“柔生(sheng)于(yu)剛”者(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極陰(yin)(yin)生(sheng)也(ye)。如四(si)(si)(si)正洛書數皆是(shi)(shi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),一(yi)三九七,又各(ge)配兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)天干,天干屬(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),唯(wei)四(si)(si)(si)正中間各(ge)配一(yi)個(ge)(ge)地(di)支(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)陰(yin)(yin),即(ji)子(zi)(zi)午卯酉。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)剛,陰(yin)(yin)為(wei)柔,是(shi)(shi)“柔生(sheng)于(yu)剛”也(ye)。“陰(yin)(yin)德(de)(de)洪濟(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe),這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)“德(de)(de)”字不(bu)(bu)好講(jiang)解,有“道德(de)(de)”、“恩(en)德(de)(de)”、“陰(yin)(yin)德(de)(de)”。“善欲人見,不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)真善”。“陰(yin)(yin)德(de)(de)”則施恩(en)惠而不(bu)(bu)求人知(zhi)也(ye)。然(ran)后(hou)可(ke)至“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)德(de)(de)順昌(chang)”之果也(ye)。此外“陰(yin)(yin)德(de)(de)”原(yuan)意疑(yi)指(zhi)“陰(yin)(yin)宅得(de)(de)地(di)”可(ke)以(yi)洪濟(ji)后(hou)人。“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)德(de)(de)”疑(yi)指(zhi)“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)宅得(de)(de)地(di)”可(ke)至順利昌(chang)盛。德(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe)得(de)(de)也(ye)。
其結論(lun)為(wei)“是(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)陽本陰,陰育陽”的(de)抽象概括,進一步(bu)明確落實為(wei)“天(tian)依(yi)形,地(di)附氣”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)說天(tian)時(shi)依(yi)靠地(di)形巒(luan)頭的(de)配合,“地(di)附氣”者,地(di)勢巒(luan)頭要(yao)靠生(sheng)氣的(de)充溢,故(gu)曰“地(di)附氣”。“此之(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei)化始”者,乃上(shang)卷(juan)之(zhi)(zhi)總旨。闡述“河洛(luo)”與“八卦”是(shi)(shi)(shi)風水學理(li)的(de)基礎,勘測(ce)地(di)理(li)變化之(zhi)(zhi)法器也。中卷(juan)曰化機(ji),是(shi)(shi)(shi)論(lun)古天(tian)文三垣二十(shi)八宿(su)天(tian)體運動之(zhi)(zhi)變化如(ru)機(ji),故(gu)曰“化機(ji)”。下卷(juan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)言天(tian)文地(di)理(li)的(de)結合,提出八卦甲(jia)子等各種運算方式(shi),達到(dao)布局推斷演(yan)化之(zhi)(zhi)完成(cheng),故(gu)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)“化成(cheng)”。
《青囊經(jing)》曰:“天(tian)(tian)有五星,地有五行,天(tian)(tian)分星宿,地列山川”。
《史記天官書》“太史公曰:仰則觀(guan)象(xiang)于天,俯則法類(lei)于地,天則有(you)日(ri)月,地則有(you)陰陽,天有(you)五星,地有(you)五行,天則有(you)列宿(su),地則有(you)州(zhou)域。三光者,陰陽之(zhi)精,氣本在地,而圣人統(tong)理之(zhi)。”
觀(guan)點一(yi)致,皆言(yan)“天有五(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing),地(di)有五(wu)行(xing)”。天有水星(xing)(xing)(xing),或名辰星(xing)(xing)(xing)。金星(xing)(xing)(xing),或名長庚。木星(xing)(xing)(xing),或名歲星(xing)(xing)(xing)。火(huo)星(xing)(xing)(xing),或名熒惑。土星(xing)(xing)(xing),或名鎮星(xing)(xing)(xing),都是行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)。地(di)有五(wu)行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe),圓(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金,直者(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木,曲者(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水,尖者(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo),方者(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土。都是靜(jing)(jing)(jing)止的巒(luan)頭(tou)(tou)。“天分星(xing)(xing)(xing)宿(su),地(di)列(lie)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)”者(zhe)(zhe),天主動(dong)(dong)(視運動(dong)(dong)),地(di)主靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)有動(dong)(dong),動(dong)(dong)中(zhong)有靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。“天分星(xing)(xing)(xing)宿(su)”者(zhe)(zhe),天主動(dong)(dong),天中(zhong)有星(xing)(xing)(xing)宿(su),星(xing)(xing)(xing)指行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)。宿(su)指二(er)十八宿(su)恒星(xing)(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)座,一(yi)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。“地(di)列(lie)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)”者(zhe)(zhe),地(di)主靜(jing)(jing)(jing),山(shan)(shan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)巒(luan)頭(tou)(tou)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)列(lie)大(da)地(di),川(chuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)河流,晝夜不息,流動(dong)(dong)不已(yi),一(yi)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)靜(jing)(jing)(jing),天地(di)相應如此。
“氣形于地(di),形麗于天,因形察氣,以(yi)立人紀”者(zhe)。
生(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)充溢于(yu)(yu)地(di)中(zhong),星宿輝麗于(yu)(yu)天上,天地(di)合一(yi),而天寶地(di)符,就中(zhong)奧秘,風水家從巒頭察其(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之行止,可以造福(fu)于(yu)(yu)人。《淮南(nan)子·地(di)形訓》曰:“山氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)男,澤氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)女,水氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)喑,風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)聾(long),林(lin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)癃,木氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)傴(yu),岸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)腫,石氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)力,險阻氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)癭(ying),暑氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)夭,寒氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)壽,谷氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)痹,丘(qiu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)尪,衍氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)仁,陵氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)貪。”又曰:“堅(jian)土(tu)(tu)人剛,弱土(tu)(tu)人肥(fei),盧土(tu)(tu)人大,沙土(tu)(tu)人細,息土(tu)(tu)人美,耗土(tu)(tu)人丑(chou)。”此“因形察氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),以立人紀”是為人造福(fu)而作出這(zhe)些觀察結論,讓人趨避(bi)也。
《青囊經》曰:“紫(zi)微天(tian)極,大(da)乙之御,君臨(lin)四正,南(nan)面而治。”
“紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)微(wei)(wei)”、“太乙”,均是古天(tian)(tian)文(wen)中(zhong)的內容。隋丹(dan)元子(zi)《步(bu)天(tian)(tian)歌(ge)》曰(yue):“中(zhong)元北(bei)(bei)(bei)極(ji)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)微(wei)(wei)宮”,即(ji)是“紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)微(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)極(ji)”。《簡明天(tian)(tian)文(wen)辭典》“曰(yue):‘紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)微(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)’亦(yi)稱紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)宮垣(yuan),簡稱紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)垣(yuan),又稱紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)微(wei)(wei)宮,簡稱紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)宮,星(xing)(xing)(xing)官名。我(wo)國古代(dai)三垣(yuan)中(zhong)的中(zhong)垣(yuan),位于北(bei)(bei)(bei)斗七星(xing)(xing)(xing)東北(bei)(bei)(bei),相當(dang)于現(xian)今(jin)小(xiao)(xiao)熊座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、大熊座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、天(tian)(tian)龍座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、獵戶座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、牧(mu)夫座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、武仙座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、仙王座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、仙后座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、英仙座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、鹿(lu)豹(bao)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)等,共包含(han)37個星(xing)(xing)(xing)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),另(ling)有附座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)2個,正星(xing)(xing)(xing)163顆(ke)星(xing)(xing)(xing),增星(xing)(xing)(xing)181顆(ke)。按《步(bu)天(tian)(tian)歌(ge)》:主要(yao)由(you)(you)(you)15顆(ke)星(xing)(xing)(xing)組成(cheng),分東西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)區,以(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)極(ji)為中(zhong)樞(shu),成(cheng)屏藩的形狀(zhuang),猶如兩(liang)弓相合(he),環抱成(cheng)垣(yuan),紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)微(wei)(wei)宮為皇宮的意思,各(ge)星(xing)(xing)(xing)給以(yi)適(shi)當(dang)的官名和(he)其他名稱。東藩八星(xing)(xing)(xing),由(you)(you)(you)南起,叫左樞(shu),上(shang)(shang)(shang)宰(zai),少(shao)宰(zai),上(shang)(shang)(shang)弼,少(shao)弼,上(shang)(shang)(shang)衛,少(shao)衛和(he)少(shao)丞。西(xi)(xi)藩七星(xing)(xing)(xing),由(you)(you)(you)南起叫:右樞(shu)、少(shao)尉(wei)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)輔(fu)、少(shao)輔(fu)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)衛、少(shao)衛和(he)上(shang)(shang)(shang)丞。在東藩和(he)西(xi)(xi)藩之間(jian),好像(xiang)關閉的形狀(zhuang),稱閶闔(he)門,有北(bei)(bei)(bei)極(ji)五星(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)勾陳六(liu)星(xing)(xing)(xing),大多屬(shu)于今(jin)小(xiao)(xiao)熊座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),其中(zhong)最為明顯的勾陳一(yi)(今(jin)北(bei)(bei)(bei)極(ji)星(xing)(xing)(xing))和(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)極(ji)二(即(ji)帝星(xing)(xing)(xing))。”
“紫(zi)微(wei)天(tian)極(ji),太(tai)乙之(zhi)御”。《史(shi)記·天(tian)官書(shu)》曰(yue):“中(zhong)宮天(tian)極(ji)星,其一(yi)明者,太(tai)一(yi)常居也。”《史(shi)記·唐張守節正義》曰(yue):“泰一(yi),天(tian)帝之(zhi)別名也。”可知“太(tai)乙”即(ji)“太(tai)一(yi)”或“天(tian)極(ji)”,實指“北(bei)極(ji)星”也。孔子(zi)(zi)曰(yue):“為(wei)政以德,譬(pi)如(ru)北(bei)辰,而眾星拱之(zhi)。”即(ji)此。而非隋丹(dan)元子(zi)(zi)《步天(tian)歌》“天(tian)一(yi)太(tai)一(yi)當門路”之(zhi)“太(tai)一(yi)”星名也。故(gu)接著寫(xie)出“君臨(lin)四(si)正,南面而治(zhi)”的御用主宰(zai)核(he)心也。
“天市東宮,少微西掖,太微南垣,旁照四(si)極,四(si)七為(wei)經,五德為(wei)緯。”
“天(tian)(tian)(tian)市東(dong)(dong)宮(gong)”即天(tian)(tian)(tian)文中(zhong)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)市垣(yuan)”。《簡明天(tian)(tian)(tian)文辭(ci)典》曰:“天(tian)(tian)(tian)市垣(yuan),星(xing)(xing)官(guan)名(ming)。我(wo)國古代三(san)垣(yuan)的下(xia)垣(yuan),位于房宿和(he)心(xin)(xin)宿東(dong)(dong)北(bei),在紫微垣(yuan)下(xia)的東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)角,橫(heng)跨丑寅卯三(san)宮(gong),約(yue)占東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)空(kong)57°的范(fan)圍。北(bei)自七公,南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)南(nan)(nan)海(hai)(hai),東(dong)(dong)至(zhi)巴蜀,西至(zhi)吳越(yue)(yue)。下(xia)臨房,心(xin)(xin),尾(wei),箕(ji)四(si)宿,相當于現(xian)今的武仙座(zuo),巨蛇座(zuo)和(he)蛇夫座(zuo)的一部份,共包含19個星(xing)(xing)官(guan),正星(xing)(xing)87顆,增星(xing)(xing)137顆。按《步(bu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)歌》主要由22顆星(xing)(xing)組成(cheng),分東(dong)(dong)西兩區,以(yi)帝(di)座(zuo)為中(zhong)樞,成(cheng)屏藩的形狀,星(xing)(xing)名(ming)都用(yong)各地方(fang)諸侯命名(ming)。東(dong)(dong)藩十(shi)一星(xing)(xing),由南(nan)(nan)起叫:宋、南(nan)(nan)海(hai)(hai)、燕、東(dong)(dong)海(hai)(hai)、徐、吳越(yue)(yue)、齊、中(zhong)山、九河(he)、趙和(he)魏。西藩十(shi)一星(xing)(xing),由南(nan)(nan)起叫:韓、楚(chu)、梁、巴、蜀、秦、周(zhou)、鄭、晉、河(he)間(jian)和(he)河(he)中(zhong)。東(dong)(dong)藩與西藩之間(jian),主要亮星(xing)(xing)為候。”
“少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)西(xi)掖(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)。《史記·天(tian)(tian)官書》曰:“廷藩西(xi)有隋(sui)(集(ji)解(jie)“隋(sui)音他果反(fan)”)(索(suo)隱,宋均云“南北為(wei)隋(sui)”又他果反(fan),隋(sui)為(wei)垂下。)五星(xing)(xing),曰少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei),士大(da)夫。”《史記正義》曰:“少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)四(si)星(xing)(xing),在(zai)太(tai)微(wei)(wei)西(xi),南北列(lie),第(di)一星(xing)(xing),處士也(ye),第(di)二(er)星(xing)(xing),議(yi)士也(ye),第(di)三星(xing)(xing),博士也(ye),第(di)四(si)星(xing)(xing),大(da)夫也(ye),占(zhan)以明大(da)黃潤(run),則(ze)賢士舉,不明反(fan)是。月,五星(xing)(xing)犯守(shou),處士憂,宰相易也(ye)。”少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)四(si)星(xing)(xing)在(zai)太(tai)微(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)西(xi)掖(ye)(ye),是太(tai)微(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)邊沿星(xing)(xing)座。屬“太(tai)微(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)”。《步天(tian)(tian)歌》“少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)四(si)星(xing)(xing)西(xi)南隅”亦是在(zai)“太(tai)微(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)”內。陳遵媯《中國(guo)天(tian)(tian)文(wen)學史》“太(tai)微(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)圖”非常明晰。《青(qing)囊(nang)經》解(jie)者(zhe),誤稱“少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)”,遂有“四(si)垣(yuan)二(er)十八宿”。古天(tian)(tian)文(wen)中只有三垣(yuan)之(zhi)說(shuo),而(er)《青(qing)囊(nang)經》作者(zhe)將天(tian)(tian)市與少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)相對,取其(qi)理化之(zhi)相應,用其(qi)星(xing)(xing)名(ming),非以立垣(yuan)也(ye)。《說(shuo)文(wen)》“掖(ye)(ye),臂下也(ye),與腋同。”是說(shuo)少(shao)(shao)微(wei)(wei)居太(tai)微(wei)(wei)垣(yuan)之(zhi)西(xi)掖(ye)(ye)。
“太微(wei)南(nan)(nan)垣(yuan),旁照四極(ji)”者,《簡明天文辭(ci)典》曰:“太微(wei)垣(yuan),星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)官名(ming)。我國古(gu)代(dai)(dai)三垣(yuan)中的(de)(de)上(shang)垣(yuan),位(wei)于北斗七星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)方(fang),在紫微(wei)垣(yuan)下的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)北角。橫跨(kua)辰(chen)已午三宮,約占天空63°的(de)(de)范圍,北自常陳,南(nan)(nan)至明堂,東(dong)(dong)至上(shang)臺,西(xi)(xi)(xi)至上(shang)將(jiang),下臨翼軫角亢四宿。相(xiang)(xiang)當于現今室女座,獅(shi)子(zi)座和(he)后發座的(de)(de)一部份,共包含(han)20個星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)官,正星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)78顆,增星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)100顆。按《步天歌(ge)》,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)由(you)10顆星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)組成,分(fen)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩(liang)區(qu),以五(wu)帝座為(wei)(wei)中樞,成屏(ping)藩(fan)的(de)(de)形(xing)狀。太微(wei)為(wei)(wei)政府的(de)(de)意思,故星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)多以官名(ming)。東(dong)(dong)藩(fan)五(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),由(you)南(nan)(nan)起(qi)叫(jiao)左(zuo)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,東(dong)(dong)上(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)、東(dong)(dong)次(ci)(ci)相(xiang)(xiang)、東(dong)(dong)次(ci)(ci)將(jiang)和(he)東(dong)(dong)上(shang)將(jiang)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)藩(fan)五(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),由(you)南(nan)(nan)起(qi)叫(jiao)右(you)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,西(xi)(xi)(xi)上(shang)將(jiang),西(xi)(xi)(xi)次(ci)(ci)將(jiang),西(xi)(xi)(xi)次(ci)(ci)相(xiang)(xiang)和(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)上(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)。有的(de)(de)把左(zuo)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法和(he)右(you)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“南(nan)(nan)藩(fan)兩(liang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”。在左(zuo)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法和(he)右(you)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法之間(jian)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“端門”。現代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)秋分(fen)點位(wei)于這(zhe)里(li)。東(dong)(dong)藩(fan)和(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藩(fan)之間(jian)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)亮星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)“五(wu)帝座一”。月球和(he)行星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)經過這(zhe)里(li)。”
《淮(huai)南子·天(tian)文訓》曰:“太(tai)微者(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)庭也(ye)。紫宮(gong)者(zhe)(zhe),太(tai)一(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)居(ju)也(ye)。”由此可知《紫微垣》是(shi)君主居(ju)住之(zhi)(zhi)地,《太(tai)微垣》是(shi)政府發號施令,治(zhi)理(li)天(tian)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe),故曰“太(tai)微南垣,旁照四(si)極(ji)”。“普天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),莫非王土(tu)”也(ye)。“四(si)極(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe),東南西(xi)北,四(si)方無隅也(ye)。
“四(si)七(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)經,五(wu)德為(wei)(wei)(wei)緯(wei)(wei)”,四(si)者(zhe),東(dong)南西北四(si)正(zheng)方也。七(qi)(qi)者(zhe),七(qi)(qi)宿(su)也。經者(zhe),南北為(wei)(wei)(wei)經也。每方七(qi)(qi)宿(su),四(si)七(qi)(qi)二十八宿(su),布滿(man)周天三百六十度也。“五(wu)德”者(zhe),五(wu)行之德也。木為(wei)(wei)(wei)歲星,其德為(wei)(wei)(wei)仁,火為(wei)(wei)(wei)熒(ying)惑,其德為(wei)(wei)(wei)禮(li),土為(wei)(wei)(wei)鎮星,其德為(wei)(wei)(wei)信,金(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)太白,其德為(wei)(wei)(wei)義,水為(wei)(wei)(wei)辰星,其德為(wei)(wei)(wei)智。天上五(wu)大行星在二十八宿(su)中,呈(cheng)現順逆留伏,沖已凌犯,芒角動搖等狀態的運動。東(dong)西為(wei)(wei)(wei)緯(wei)(wei),五(wu)星或(huo)東(dong)或(huo)西運行,故曰“五(wu)德為(wei)(wei)(wei)緯(wei)(wei)。”
《史記(ji)·天官書》曰:“故紫宮(gong),房心,權衡、咸(xian)池,虛危,列宿部星,此天之(zhi)五(wu)(wu)官坐(zuo)位也(ye),為經,不移徙,大小有(you)(you)差,闊狹有(you)(you)常。水火金(jin)木填星,此五(wu)(wu)星者,天之(zhi)五(wu)(wu)佐,為緯,見伏有(you)(you)時,所過行(xing)贏縮(suo)有(you)(you)度(du)。”可見“四七為經,五(wu)(wu)德(de)為緯”之(zhi)說,有(you)(you)據可證也(ye)。
《青囊經》曰(yue):“運斡坤(kun)輿,垂光乾紀、七政(zheng)樞機、流通終始。”
“斡(wo)”音(yin)臥,旋轉也(ye)。“坤輿”指大地,“乾紀”指天(tian)(tian)。是說天(tian)(tian)地相對運轉中(zhong),日月五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)的光輝從天(tian)(tian)上下照到地下來。“七(qi)政(zheng)樞機”者,《尚書·堯典(dian)》曰:“北斗(dou)七(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing),所(suo)謂旋璣玉衡(heng),以齊(qi)七(qi)政(zheng)……斗(dou)為(wei)帝車(che),運于(yu)中(zhong)央,臨(lin)制(zhi)四(si)(si)鄉,分(fen)陰陽,建(jian)四(si)(si)時(shi),均(jun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行,移節度,定諸(zhu)紀,皆系于(yu)斗(dou)。”《晉書天(tian)(tian)文(wen)志》曰:“北斗(dou)七(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)太微北,七(qi)政(zheng)之樞機,陰陽之元本也(ye),故運乎天(tian)(tian)中(zhong),而臨(lin)制(zhi)四(si)(si)方,以建(jian)四(si)(si)時(shi)而均(jun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行也(ye)。”風(feng)(feng)水(shui)中(zhong),常見(jian)的九星(xing)(xing)(xing)運用,即(ji)是北斗(dou)七(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)加(jia)輔(fu)弼二星(xing)(xing)(xing)。又“四(si)(si)七(qi)為(wei)經”,即(ji)二十(shi)八(ba)(ba)宿(su)(su)。二十(shi)八(ba)(ba)宿(su)(su)為(wei)目,有(you)七(qi)曜與七(qi)禽(qin)。風(feng)(feng)水(shui)中(zhong)常用朱雀(que)、玄(xuan)武、青(qing)龍、白虎四(si)(si)象,和(he)七(qi)曜五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行撥砂。“七(qi)禽(qin)”稱為(wei)“七(qi)元禽(qin)星(xing)(xing)(xing)”,不知(zhi)何所(suo)從來,研究者很少。在(zai)古天(tian)(tian)文(wen)中(zhong),常見(jian)二十(shi)八(ba)(ba)宿(su)(su)之名,不見(jian)七(qi)曜(二十(shi)八(ba)(ba)宿(su)(su)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行)和(he)禽(qin)星(xing)(xing)(xing)之名。有(you)之,在(zai)民間數術之中(zhong)。
日(ri)月火水(shui)木金土,名為七曜。系于二十八宿每(mei)個星(xing)(xing)宿下,再(zai)加上(shang)七禽之(zhi)名,有(you)《天星(xing)(xing)演(yan)禽》、《演(yan)禽通纂》專書,研究者(zhe)不多。
東方七(qi)宿:角木蛟(jiao)、亢金龍(long)、氐土貉、房日兔(tu)、心(xin)月狐、尾火虎、箕水豹。
北(bei)方七宿:斗木獬、牛金牛、女土蝠、虛日鼠(shu)、危月燕(yan)、室火豬、壁水(shui)貐(yu)。
西(xi)方(fang)七宿:奎木狼(lang)、婁金(jin)狗、胃(wei)土雉、昴日雞、畢月烏、觜火猴、參水猿。
南(nan)方(fang)七宿:井木犴、鬼金羊、柳土獐、星日馬、張(zhang)月鹿(lu)、翼火蛇、軫水蚓。
有用二(er)十(shi)八宿記時(shi)(shi)者,叫“七(qi)元(yuan)禽星”,有年禽月禽日禽時(shi)(shi)禽。即用二(er)十(shi)八宿配合六十(shi)干支,甲子七(qi)周,共四百二(er)十(shi)數一(yi)個周期,故(gu)稱“七(qi)元(yuan)禽星”。在風(feng)水中,除應用北斗七(qi)星加輔(fu)弼而外,二(er)十(shi)八宿構成的青龍白虎朱(zhu)雀玄(xuan)武,更是(shi)基礎知識之一(yi)。
郭璞《葬(zang)書》曰:“夫葬(zang)以左為(wei)(wei)青龍,右(you)為(wei)(wei)白虎(hu),前為(wei)(wei)朱雀(que),后為(wei)(wei)玄武。玄武垂(chui)頭,朱雀(que)翔舞,青龍蜿(wan)蜒,白虎(hu)馴俯,形勢反此,法當破死。……”此以我為(wei)(wei)中心而定前后左右(you)也。再有《羅盤(pan)》外層,二(er)十四(si)山環布二(er)十八宿,作定位,以量峰(feng)巒吉(ji)兇。
《天玉經》曰:“寅(yin)申巳亥(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)來長(chang)(chang)(chang),五行向中(zhong)藏。辰戌丑(chou)未叩金(jin)龍,動(dong)得永不(bu)(bu)窮。”可(ke)見寅(yin)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)箕(ji)水(shui)(shui)豹,申宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參水(shui)(shui)猿,巳宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)軫水(shui)(shui)蚓,亥(hai)(hai)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)壁(bi)水(shui)(shui)貐(yu),四(si)者皆屬水(shui)(shui)。辰宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)亢金(jin)龍、戌宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)婁金(jin)狗,丑(chou)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)牛金(jin)牛,未宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鬼金(jin)羊,四(si)者皆屬金(jin)。寅(yin)申巳亥(hai)(hai)言(yan)水(shui)(shui)之來,為長(chang)(chang)(chang)生。故曰:“水(shui)(shui)來長(chang)(chang)(chang)。”辰戌丑(chou)未言(yan)水(shui)(shui)之去,故曰“動(dong)得永不(bu)(bu)窮”。此地支與星宿結合而言(yan)也。
“地德上載(zai),天(tian)光下臨,陰用(yong)(yong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)朝,陽(yang)(yang)(yang)用(yong)(yong)陰應(ying),陰陽(yang)(yang)(yang)相見,福(fu)祿(lu)永貞,陰陽(yang)(yang)(yang)相乘(cheng),禍(huo)咎踵門。”
此(ci)節“地(di)(di)德上載,天(tian)光(guang)下臨(lin)”,是先(xian)言地(di)(di),可知是以地(di)(di)為(wei)主而擇(ze)天(tian)光(guang)下臨(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。地(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)風水中(zhong)特(te)別重(zhong)要,《青囊序》曰:“先(xian)天(tian)羅經十(shi)二支(zhi)(zhi),后天(tian)再分(fen)干與維(wei),八(ba)干四(si)維(wei)輔(fu)支(zhi)(zhi)位,子母公孫(sun)同此(ci)推。”很明確,是以十(shi)二地(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主,八(ba)干四(si)維(wei)只是用來(lai)輔(fu)佐地(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)而已(yi)。前人已(yi)創(chuang)作(zuo)了“地(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)掌(zhang)(zhang)”,應用很廣,特(te)別大(da)六壬,六壬金口(kou)訣等數術,地(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)掌(zhang)(zhang)發揮了極(ji)其精微的作(zuo)用。風水擇(ze)日擇(ze)時(shi)(shi)(shi),選定“地(di)(di)德上載,天(tian)光(guang)下臨(lin)”的時(shi)(shi)(shi)空陰陽相(xiang)見之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),用十(shi)二地(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)掌(zhang)(zhang)作(zuo)工具(ju),真(zhen)是“天(tian)地(di)(di)都來(lai)一掌(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)”了。
十二支分(fen)陰(yin)陽:從子至巳(si)為陽,從午(wu)至亥為陰(yin)。子寅辰午(wu)申(shen)戌為陽,未巳(si)卯丑亥酉為陰(yin)。
十干分陰(yin)陽(yang):從(cong)甲至戊(wu)(wu)為(wei)陽(yang),從(cong)己(ji)至癸為(wei)陰(yin)。甲丙戊(wu)(wu)庚(geng)壬為(wei)陽(yang),乙丁己(ji)辛癸為(wei)陰(yin)。
河圖(tu)數(shu)(shu)分陰陽:一至五生數(shu)(shu)為陽,六(liu)至十成數(shu)(shu)為陰,一三五七九天數(shu)(shu)為陽,二四(si)六(liu)八十地數(shu)(shu)為陰。
由(you)是可知,有陰(yin)(yin)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)(yang),有陽(yang)(yang)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)(yin)。有陽(yang)(yang)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)(yang),有陰(yin)(yin)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)(yin)。陽(yang)(yang)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)(yang)孤(gu)陽(yang)(yang)也,陰(yin)(yin)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)(yin)寡陰(yin)(yin)也。
《易》曰(yue):“與(yu)天地合其德,與(yu)日月合其明,與(yu)四時(shi)合其序(xu),與(yu)鬼神合其吉兇。”“合者”,陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)得配(pei)而(er)相交,一(yi)陰(yin)一(yi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)之謂道。即天地盤之陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)配(pei)合而(er)相交,是“陰(yin)用陽(yang)(yang)(yang)朝,陽(yang)(yang)(yang)用陰(yin)應,陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)相見,福(fu)祿永貞(zhen)”也(ye)。若陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)配(pei),陽(yang)(yang)(yang)見陽(yang)(yang)(yang)陰(yin)見陰(yin)者,為陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)相乘(cheng),“禍咎踵門”,接(jie)踵禍至也(ye)。
“天之(zhi)所臨(lin),地(di)(di)之(zhi)所盛(sheng),形止氣蓄,萬物化生(sheng),氣感(gan)(gan)而應,鬼福及人(ren)。”此(ci)言“天之(zhi)所臨(lin),地(di)(di)之(zhi)所盛(sheng)”,是從“地(di)(di)德上載,天光下臨(lin)”而得(de)到“地(di)(di)之(zhi)所盛(sheng)”的效果,天地(di)(di)相(xiang)交于(yu)此(ci),形止氣蓄于(yu)此(ci),既(ji)能生(sheng)萬物,自能得(de)其(qi)感(gan)(gan)應之(zhi)氣,獲福猶如靈(ling)鬼所與(yu),故曰(yue):“鬼福及人(ren)”。
“是(shi)(shi)故天(tian)(tian)有(you)象,地有(you)形,上(shang)下相須(xu),而(er)(er)成一體,此之謂化(hua)(hua)機。”這是(shi)(shi)總結前文,天(tian)(tian)文三垣二十(shi)八宿,有(you)天(tian)(tian)象可以觀(guan)察(cha),地有(you)二十(shi)四(si)山(shan),山(shan)水形勢可以測識。妙在天(tian)(tian)地之能配合,一陰(yin)一陽而(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)之,必須(xu)掌握(wo)應用(yong)(yong)其(qi)中變化(hua)(hua)的(de)機理(li),而(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)“化(hua)(hua)機”二字為核心而(er)(er)總結之。月(yue)將加用(yong)(yong)時,其(qi)為天(tian)(tian)地之化(hua)(hua)機乎?
《青囊經》曰:“無極而(er)太極也(ye)。理寓于氣(qi)(qi),氣(qi)(qi)囿(you)于形。日(ri)月星宿,剛氣(qi)(qi)上(shang)騰;山川草木,柔氣(qi)(qi)下(xia)凝。資陽以昌(chang),用陰以成;陽德(de)有象,陰德(de)有位。”
“無(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)而(er)(er)太(tai)(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)也。”一(yi)(yi)(yi)句,似出自宋周濂溪《太(tai)(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)圖(tu)說》。“無(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)辭(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)見(jian)于(yu)《周易(yi)》。《周易(yi)系(xi)辭(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)》曰:“是(shi)(shi)故易(yi)有(you)(you)太(tai)(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji),是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)兩(liang)儀”。“太(tai)(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)辭(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在《系(xi)辭(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)》中也僅只一(yi)(yi)(yi)見(jian)。《老(lao)子》第二十(shi)八章曰:“知其白,守其黑,為天下(xia)式。為天下(xia)式,常德不(bu)忒,復歸于(yu)無(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)。”“無(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)辭(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)道家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan),本(ben)言(yan)(yan)其有(you)(you)無(wu)(wu)相對(dui),黑白分(fen)明,有(you)(you)生(sheng)于(yu)無(wu)(wu)的(de)相對(dui)境界。“太(tai)(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)辭(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),是(shi)(shi)《易(yi)》家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li),是(shi)(shi)絕對(dui)境界。“絕對(dui)”則難于(yu)形(xing)(xing)容。甚(shen)至誤認(ren)“太(tai)(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)”為有(you)(you),而(er)(er)誤作(zuo)“無(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)而(er)(er)太(tai)(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)”。甚(shen)至更為明確地(di)說成“無(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)生(sheng)太(tai)(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)”。本(ben)屬兩(liang)家(jia)(jia)不(bu)同的(de)辭(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)意概念(nian),鑿合在一(yi)(yi)(yi)起,造成不(bu)可鑒別(bie)的(de)錯誤。不(bu)妨改(gai)作(zuo)“易(yi)有(you)(you)太(tai)(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)也,理(li)(li)寓于(yu)氣,氣囿于(yu)形(xing)(xing)。”理(li)(li)與氣,氣與形(xing)(xing),層層相依,三位一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)。日月(yue)星宿而(er)(er)為陽剛之(zhi)(zhi)氣上騰(teng)。山川(chuan)草木(mu),而(er)(er)為陰柔之(zhi)(zhi)氣下(xia)凝(ning)。兩(liang)分(fen)三合,陽德有(you)(you)象在上,陰德有(you)(you)位在下(xia),體(ti)用具而(er)(er)象位明,陰陽精義(yi),寓于(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)也。
“地有(you)四(si)勢,氣從八方(fang),外氣行(xing)形,內氣止生,乘風則(ze)散,界(jie)水止。”
《葬書(shu)》曰:“地有(you)四勢,氣(qi)從八(ba)方,寅申巳亥,四勢也。震離坎兌(dui),乾(qian)坤(kun)艮巽,八(ba)方也。是(shi)故(gu)四勢之山,生八(ba)方之龍,四勢行龍,八(ba)方施生,一得其宅,吉慶榮貴。”此言“因形(xing)察氣(qi)”之要領,從兩儀之中尋覓“太極(ji)”之理(li)也。
“是(shi)故(gu)順五兆(zhao),用(yong)八(ba)卦。排六甲,布八(ba)門。推五運,定(ding)六氣。明(ming)地德(de),立(li)人道。因變化,原始終。此之謂化成。”前六句是(shi)風水象數局法(fa)模(mo)式綱要項目,前人都是(shi)以口傳心授的方(fang)式傳承,沒有寫在(zai)書上。很難知其原意,自(zi)古以來解者多是(shi)隨文敷衍,也沒有具體寫明(ming)。
“是(shi)故(gu)順(shun)五(wu)兆,用八卦(gua)(gua)”者,當(dang)是(shi)“玄空(kong)(kong)大(da)(da)卦(gua)(gua)”模式。“五(wu)兆”者,上卷有(you)“五(wu)兆生成(cheng)(cheng),流行終始(shi)”之句,可知(zhi)“五(wu)兆”由一生一成(cheng)(cheng)構成(cheng)(cheng)。即(ji)(ji)指一六(liu)共(gong)宗,二七(qi)同道,三八為(wei)朋,四(si)九為(wei)友,五(wu)十同途。其排(pai)列順(shun)序是(shi)按一二三四(si)五(wu)、六(liu)七(qi)八九十順(shun)行也(ye)。即(ji)(ji)是(shi)玄空(kong)(kong)大(da)(da)卦(gua)(gua)天(tian)(tian)卦(gua)(gua)地卦(gua)(gua)排(pai)列模式。蔣大(da)(da)鴻注《天(tian)(tian)玉(yu)經(jing)》中“經(jing)四(si)位而(er)起父母(mu)”是(shi)一句很重要的口訣。《天(tian)(tian)玉(yu)經(jing)》曰:“天(tian)(tian)卦(gua)(gua)江東(dong)掌(zhang)上尋,知(zhi)了值千金,地畫八卦(gua)(gua)誰(shui)能(neng)繪(hui),山與水相(xiang)對。”即(ji)(ji)是(shi)“順(shun)五(wu)兆,用八卦(gua)(gua)”的內(nei)容。《地理辨正揭隱(yin)》、《家存玄空(kong)(kong)大(da)(da)卦(gua)(gua)地理秘傳(chuan)》有(you)詳述。
“排(pai)六甲(jia)(jia),布八(ba)門”者,是明顯(xian)地(di)指的(de)《遁甲(jia)(jia)式》用(yong)于風(feng)水(shui)(shui)者。六甲(jia)(jia)即甲(jia)(jia)子戊,甲(jia)(jia)戌己,甲(jia)(jia)申庚,甲(jia)(jia)午(wu)辛,甲(jia)(jia)辰壬(ren),甲(jia)(jia)寅癸也。八(ba)門即休(xiu)生傷杜,景死驚開八(ba)門。《羅經(jing)》中“透(tou)地(di)奇門”用(yong)相當的(de)篇幅,言(yan)之頗詳。它是以透(tou)地(di)六十龍干(gan)支(zhi)方位作(zuo)定局的(de)依據,當然(ran)(ran)是先選定山環水(shui)(shui)抱,巒頭合格后(hou)(hou)而作(zuo)定局演測的(de)。當今有(you)用(yong)奇門作(zuo)風(feng)水(shui)(shui)者,用(yong)現場時間為準而定局演測,可(ke)謂是“預測風(feng)水(shui)(shui)”。然(ran)(ran)則(ze)自古(gu)皆有(you)“相風(feng)水(shui)(shui)”與“預測風(feng)水(shui)(shui)”相結合者。公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)成王遷都(dou)洛邑(yi),《書經(jing)》就有(you)“召公(gong)相宅”,“周公(gong)卜宅”,然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)始定都(dou)洛陽之記載(zai)。可(ke)謂信息同步也,相宅與卜宅同用(yong)也。
“推五(wu)運(yun),定六氣”者,“五(wu)運(yun)六氣”是來源很早的(de)(de)干支學說,在《黃帝內(nei)經(jing)》中(zhong)有(you)“天元紀大論(lun)”,“五(wu)運(yun)行大論(lun)”,“六微旨大論(lun)”等專題論(lun)述的(de)(de)古文,是醫(yi)家(jia)(jia)預測(ce)流行時病的(de)(de)系統理論(lun)。有(you)一抱(bao)子先(xian)生《運(yun)氣論(lun)奧(ao)諺解》一書,三百余頁,言之頗詳,皆屬(shu)醫(yi)家(jia)(jia)之用,尚未見到(dao)怎(zen)樣落實應用于(yu)“風水”者,可能早已(yi)失傳(chuan)了。只有(you)請教于(yu)風水古法(fa)專家(jia)(jia)了。
“明(ming)地德,立人道(dao)”者,是承上文象數模(mo)式(shi)推(tui)演測識之(zhi)法,是為了明(ming)白地理(li)功(gong)能,為人所用,以(yi)冀有益于(yu)人道(dao)種種需(xu)求。
“因變化(hua),原始(shi)終,此之(zhi)謂化(hua)成”者,即是根據象數局法模式之(zhi)變化(hua),以明白所得地理功(gong)能的衰旺全過(guo)程,這就是在地理千變萬化(hua)之(zhi)中,最后取得了完(wan)成。故曰:“此之(zhi)謂化(hua)成”。
自(zi)來風(feng)水門派特多,讀唐楊(yang)筠松《都(dou)天(tian)(tian)寶(bao)照》曰(yue)(yue):“百二十(shi)家渺(miao)(miao)無訣”。可(ke)見其(qi)(qi)方法(fa)之(zhi)多,早已(yi)充滿社會了。然,既已(yi)成家,焉得(de)無訣?“渺(miao)(miao)”小也(ye),謂(wei)其(qi)(qi)法(fa)之(zhi)“渺(miao)(miao)小”而(er)不(bu)足(zu)道,缺乏系統條(tiao)理之(zhi)大(da)道理乎?不(bu)然焉可(ke)屈指計為(wei)一家乎?又(you)說“筠松寶(bao)照真秘訣,父子雖(sui)親不(bu)肯(ken)說”。蔣大(da)鴻《天(tian)(tian)玉(yu)經(jing)》注中有曰(yue)(yue):“此謂(wei)玄(xuan)空大(da)卦秘密(mi)寶(bao)藏,非(fei)(fei)真傳正授,斷不(bu)能洞(dong)悉其(qi)(qi)妙(miao)者(zhe)也(ye)。”姜(jiang)汝皋(gao)《青囊(nang)奧語》注中亦曰(yue)(yue):“必待(dai)真傳乃(nai)可(ke)推測而(er)得(de)。”都(dou)是(shi)強(qiang)調師承,十(shi)分保守,以天(tian)(tian)機(ji)不(bu)可(ke)泄漏為(wei)托辭(ci),著書(shu)立說,法(fa)不(bu)公(gong)開(kai),這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)一種境(jing)(jing)界。我(wo)們一讀黃石公(gong)《青囊(nang)經(jing)》、郭璞《葬書(shu)》確是(shi)直言學(xue)理,并未故(gu)弄玄(xuan)虛,省去不(bu)必要的篇幅(fu),這(zhe)(zhe)又(you)是(shi)另一種境(jing)(jing)界。沈竹礽之(zhi)偉大(da),在于無私奉獻,毫(hao)不(bu)保留,而(er)今“沈氏玄(xuan)空”普及(ji)天(tian)(tian)下,凡是(shi)學(xue)者(zhe)皆可(ke)驗(yan)其(qi)(qi)法(fa)之(zhi)是(shi)非(fei)(fei)。
中(zhong)華傳統(tong)文(wen)化,應該走(zou)向世界,普及全(quan)球(qiu),打破國界和(he)民族局(ju)限(xian)。《地理(li)五(wu)經》等應期待一位風水(shui)文(wen)化睿智之士,將(jiang)它明白解(jie)出,全(quan)盤(pan)公開,不再(zai)隱(yin)秘,造福(fu)世人(ren)(ren)。窮(qiong)人(ren)(ren)用(yong)之,可以(yi)致富,惡人(ren)(ren)用(yong)之可以(yi)變善,方是真正的法寶,有益(yi)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)類的學問。
經曰:
天尊地卑,陽奇陰(yin)耦,一六(liu)共宗,二七(qi)同道,三八為朋,四九為友,五(wu)十同途,闔辟奇耦,五(wu)兆生成,流(liu)行終始(shi),八體洪布,子母分施。
天地(di)定位,山澤通氣,雷風相(xiang)(xiang)薄,水火不相(xiang)(xiang)射,中五立(li)極,臨(lin)制四方,背一面九,三七居旁,二八(ba)四六,縱橫紀綱,陽(yang)(yang)以(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)陰(yin),陰(yin)以(yi)含陽(yang)(yang),陽(yang)(yang)生(sheng)于陰(yin),柔生(sheng)于剛,陰(yin)德洪濟,陽(yang)(yang)德順昌(chang),是故,陽(yang)(yang)本陰(yin),陰(yin)育(yu)陽(yang)(yang),天依形,地(di)附氣,此之謂化始(shi)。
白話翻譯:
天陽地陰,陽尊陰卑,陽數(shu)為奇數(shu),陰數(shu)為偶數(shu),(16、27、38、49、5.10 為河圖理論),陰陽變化五行生成,千(qian)古不變的運轉。
八體洪布,子母分施:八卦形成。
先天(tian)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua),與洛書,先天(tian)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)陰陽(yang)(yang)相對,又陰中(zhong)有陽(yang)(yang),陽(yang)(yang)中(zhong)有陰。
經曰:
天(tian)有(you)五星,地有(you)五行(xing)。天(tian)分星宿,地列山川。氣行(xing)于地,形麗(li)于天(tian)。
因(yin)形察氣,以立人紀。紫微天極,太乙之御,君臨四正,南面(mian)而(er)治。
天市東宮,少微西掖(ye)。太微南垣,旁照(zhao)四極。四七為(wei)(wei)經,五德為(wei)(wei)緯,
運干坤興,垂光乾紀(ji)。七政樞機(ji),流(liu)通(tong)終(zhong)始。地德上載,天光下臨(lin)。
陰(yin)(yin)用陽朝,陽用陰(yin)(yin)應。陰(yin)(yin)陽相(xiang)見,福祿永貞。陰(yin)(yin)陽相(xiang)乘(cheng),禍咎踵門。
天之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)臨,地之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)感。形(xing)止氣蓄,萬物化(hua)生。氣感而(er)應,鬼福及人。
是故天有(you)象(xiang),地有(you)形,上(shang)下相須,而成一體,此之謂化機。
白話翻譯:
天(tian)有(you)金木(mu)水火(huo)(huo)土(tu)五(wu)星,地有(you)金木(mu)水火(huo)(huo)土(tu)五(wu)行。天(tian)空分布二十八宿(su),大(da)地排(pai)列山峰(feng)河流(liu)。
氣場(chang)通行大地,形(xing)體(ti)依附天空(kong)。從(cong)形(xing)體(ti)觀(guan)察氣場(chang),由(you)此確立風(feng)水影響人們吉兇(xiong)禍福(fu)的判斷準則(ze)。
觀(guan)北斗七星(xing)指向的北極星(xing)找到28星(xing)宿。
乾南坤北定位(wei),與金木水火土日月關系最密切,地氣上載(zai),是因為天光照(zhao)射所致。
陰(yin)用(yong)(yong)陽(yang)(yang)來朝向。陽(yang)(yang)用(yong)(yong)陰(yin)來感(gan)應,陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)相(xiang)見是(shi)(shi)好(hao)的(de)(de),陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)相(xiang)乘是(shi)(shi)不好(hao)的(de)(de),
形止氣(qi)(qi)聚萬物生(sheng)發。氣(qi)(qi)感而(er)應,死人造福活(huo)人。
天(tian)有四象(xiang),地(di)有四勢(shi),上(shang)下需成一體形象(xiang)感應。
經曰:
無極而太極也,理寓于(yu)氣,氣囿于(yu)形(xing),日月星宿,剛氣上騰,山川草(cao)木,柔(rou)氣下凝,資陽以(yi)昌,
用(yong)陰(yin)以成,陽德(de)(de)有象,陰(yin)德(de)(de)有位,地有四勢,氣從八方,外(wai)氣行(xing)形,內氣止生(sheng),乘風則(ze)(ze)散,界水則(ze)(ze)止,
是故,順五兆(zhao),用(yong)八卦,排六甲,布八門,推五運(yun),定六氣,明地德,立(li)人道,因變化,原(yuan)終始,
此之謂化成。
白話翻譯:
藏風(feng)(feng)聚(ju)氣,聚(ju)氣依靠形(xing)來完成的(de),太陽月(yue)亮28星宿(su)。陽氣上升來源于山川草(cao)木,陰氣下(xia)降(jiang),滋潤山川草(cao)木,陰陽交(jiao)感(gan)。陽要(yao)(yao)有(you)好的(de)形(xing)象,陰要(yao)(yao)有(you)其位置。地(di)有(you)四(si)勢前后左右,氣從八方(fang)而來以(yi)前方(fang)收氣,外氣行與形(xing)勢,內(nei)氣,止,聚(ju),風(feng)(feng)吹氣散,遇水(shui)則止,水(shui)可以(yi)界氣。
用(yong)五行八卦,排60花甲子,布八門,奇門遁甲,推金木水火(huo)土五運(yun),定六(liu)氣,明地理,立人道(dao)。因為變化所(suo)以不能長久。