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形態及特征

常(chang)綠喬木或(huo)(huo)灌(guan)木；小(xiao)枝不規(gui)則互生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，基(ji)(ji)部有(you)(you)多數或(huo)(huo)少(shao)數宿存的芽鱗，稀(xi)全部脫落(luo)；冬芽芽鱗覆(fu)瓦(wa)(wa)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)排列(lie)，背部縱脊明(ming)顯(xian)或(huo)(huo)不明(ming)顯(xian)。葉(xie)條形(xing)，螺旋狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)著生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，基(ji)(ji)部扭轉排成(cheng)(cheng)二列(lie)，直或(huo)(huo)鐮狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，下延(yan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長，上(shang)面中脈隆起，下面有(you)(you)兩(liang)條淡灰色(se)(se)、灰綠色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)淡黃色(se)(se)的氣孔(kong)帶，葉(xie)內無樹脂(zhi)道(dao)。雌(ci)雄異株，球花單(dan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)腋；雄球花圓(yuan)球形(xing)，有(you)(you)梗(geng)(geng)，基(ji)(ji)部具覆(fu)瓦(wa)(wa)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)排列(lie)的苞(bao)片(pian)，雄蕊6-14枚(mei)(mei)，盾(dun)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，花藥(yao)4-9,輻射排列(lie)；雌(ci)球花幾無梗(geng)(geng)，基(ji)(ji)部有(you)(you)多數覆(fu)瓦(wa)(wa)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)排列(lie)的苞(bao)片(pian)，上(shang)端2-3對苞(bao)片(pian)交叉對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，胚(pei)珠(zhu)直立，單(dan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)總花軸(zhou)上(shang)部側(ce)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)短軸(zhou)之頂端的苞(bao)腋，基(ji)(ji)部托以圓(yuan)盤狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的珠(zhu)托，受精(jing)后珠(zhu)托發育成(cheng)(cheng)肉質、杯(bei)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、紅(hong)色(se)(se)的假(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)堅果狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，當年成(cheng)(cheng)熟，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)杯(bei)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)肉質的假(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)中，稀(xi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)近膜(mo)質盤狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)托（即未(wei)發育成(cheng)(cheng)肉質假(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)的珠(zhu)托）之上(shang)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臍明(ming)顯(xian)，成(cheng)(cheng)熟時肉質假(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)紅(hong)色(se)(se)，有(you)(you)短梗(geng)(geng)或(huo)(huo)幾無梗(geng)(geng)；子(zi)葉(xie)2枚(mei)(mei)，發芽時出土。

價值及其他

主要用途

本屬(shu)木(mu)(mu)材的(de)邊材窄，與心材區別明顯，無樹(shu)(shu)脂道及(ji)樹(shu)(shu)脂細(xi)胞(bao)，紋(wen)理(li)均勻，結構細(xi)致，硬度大，防腐力強，韌性強。為優(you)良的(de)建筑、橋梁(liang)、家具、器(qi)材等用材。惟產量少(shao)，一般僅(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)細(xi)木(mu)(mu)加工、船槳、拱形(xing)制品(pin)、車(che)旋、雕刻、樂器(qi)及(ji)箱板等用；種子可榨油。葉常綠(lv)，深綠(lv)色，假種皮肉質紅色，頗為美觀，可作(zuo)(zuo)庭園(yuan)樹(shu)(shu)。本屬(shu)樹(shu)(shu)種耐蔭性強，在天然林中(zhong)生長(chang)緩慢，分布(bu)星散，野生樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)(mu)日漸減少(shao)。惟木(mu)(mu)材優(you)良，宜(yi)選(xuan)用造(zao)林，加強撫(fu)育管理(li)，可促進其加速(su)生長(chang)，以生產優(you)良木(mu)(mu)材。