芒果视频下载

生長與分布

分布范圍

由于(yu)原(yuan)產地地理分布的(de)差(cha)異，在原(yuan)產中(zhong)國的(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)中(zhong)，樟子松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、新(xin)疆五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)最耐寒，對(dui)熱(re)(re)量要(yao)求(qiu)最低(di)。紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)對(dui)熱(re)(re)量要(yao)求(qiu)也較(jiao)低(di)。赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、油(you)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、高山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、巴山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)為暖溫(wen)帶和亞熱(re)(re)帶高海(hai)拔(ba)地區樹(shu)種，對(dui)熱(re)(re)量要(yao)求(qiu)中(zhong)等。馬尾(wei)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、云南松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)和思茅(mao)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)分布于(yu)更靠南的(de)地區，要(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)高的(de)熱(re)(re)量。

南亞松(song)(song)(song)(song)是熱(re)帶(dai)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹，對熱(re)量的(de)要求(qiu)最高(gao)。對濕潤條件(jian)的(de)要求(qiu)，五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)一般高(gao)于二針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，但也(ye)因種而異。例(li)如同(tong)為(wei)五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)和華山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，前者比后者要求(qiu)更濕潤的(de)條件(jian)；同(tong)為(wei)二針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)和馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)對濕潤狀況的(de)要求(qiu)高(gao)于油松(song)(song)(song)(song)和云南松(song)(song)(song)(song)。這與地(di)理分布上隨經度而發生的(de)替代(dai)現象(xiang)有(you)關。

生長環境

土壤要求

松(song)樹(shu)本身適應力(li)較強，因而能夠在各(ge)種(zhong)類型土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)，但(dan)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)仍(reng)會對松(song)樹(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)態勢(shi)產生(sheng)(sheng)直接(jie)的(de)影響，所以(yi)應盡(jin)量選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)肥沃土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)區(qu)域種(zhong)植，才能夠保證松(song)樹(shu)的(de)健康(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。如果是水(shui)分相對充足的(de)區(qu)域，盡(jin)可能選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)酸(suan)性土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)種(zhong)植松(song)樹(shu)，但(dan)仍(reng)存在部分品種(zhong)更適宜種(zhong)植在堿性土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中。

耐陰性

絕大多數松(song)樹(shu)(shu)喜歡光(guang)照，其外(wai)形具體(ti)表現在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)冠分布稀疏，自(zi)然整枝能力極強，所以在(zai)(zai)生理方面，其補(bu)償點就不會(hui)(hui)與其他樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)高度相(xiang)(xiang)同。在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)林(lin)過程當中，通常都會(hui)(hui)形成(cheng)先鋒(feng)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)。一(yi)旦原始森林(lin)受到外(wai)力傷害，先鋒(feng)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)就會(hui)(hui)迅速(su)發展，替代(dai)原有樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)位置，但其自(zi)身的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)并不理想(xiang)。若松(song)樹(shu)(shu)能夠形成(cheng)特定環(huan)境，耐(nai)陰性(xing)較強且(qie)長壽的(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)就會(hui)(hui)替代(dai)，最(zui)終(zhong)使其喪失自(zi)身獨(du)特優勢(shi)。對于(yu)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)而言，大部分樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)都能夠互相(xiang)(xiang)進行替代(dai)，特別是(shi)耐(nai)陰性(xing)理想(xiang)的(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)，優勢(shi)顯著。

抗旱性

在(zai)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)的整個(ge)過程中(zhong)，其(qi)抗旱性能(neng)極強(qiang)(qiang)，受(shou)其(qi)抗旱結構的影響，這種類型(xing)的松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)，其(qi)葉(xie)子狹窄而且角(jiao)質(zhi)層較為發達，葉(xie)片表面(mian)積與(yu)體積都(dou)相對較小，而且氣(qi)孔通常(chang)(chang)都(dou)會出現下陷情況。但是，在(zai)組(zu)織發育方(fang)面(mian)相對理想，站在(zai)生(sheng)理角(jiao)度(du)(du)分(fen)析，耐(nai)寒性與(yu)耐(nai)旱性很強(qiang)(qiang)，所以并不會受(shou)到缺水影響而受(shou)到損傷。而站在(zai)生(sheng)態(tai)角(jiao)度(du)(du)分(fen)析，松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)屬(shu)于最常(chang)(chang)見(jian)(jian)的一種旱生(sheng)植物，，即便氣(qi)候條件差異(yi)較大的區域，同(tong)樣能(neng)夠(gou)使松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)健(jian)康地生(sheng)存(cun)”。絕大多數松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)都(dou)在(zai)干旱條件且土壤稀薄區域生(sheng)長(chang)，其(qi)中(zhong)，二針松(song)(song)與(yu)五(wu)針松(song)(song)相比，其(qi)抗旱能(neng)力更(geng)強(qiang)(qiang)。由此(ci)可(ke)見(jian)(jian)，若土壤當中(zhong)的含水量(liang)過大，會嚴重影響松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的正常(chang)(chang)生(sheng)長(chang)。

生長氣候

松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)(de)(de)原產地(di)分(fen)布具(ju)有(you)(you)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)之(zhi)處，一(yi)般情況下，樟(zhang)子松(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)針松(song)(song)(song)(song)等具(ju)有(you)(you)極強的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)寒性，所以(yi)在(zai)種植方(fang)面對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)熱(re)量要(yao)求(qiu)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)。而(er)油松(song)(song)(song)(song)、白皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)等屬于(yu)(yu)暖溫帶(dai)與(yu)(yu)(yu)亞熱(re)帶(dai)高(gao)(gao)海拔區(qu)域所特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹種，因(yin)而(er)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)熱(re)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)要(yao)遠遠高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)針松(song)(song)(song)(song)。馬(ma)尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)、喬(qiao)松(song)(song)(song)(song)以(yi)及云南(nan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)等主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布于(yu)(yu)南(nan)方(fang)區(qu)域，其(qi)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)熱(re)量要(yao)求(qiu)會更(geng)高(gao)(gao)-一(yi)些。而(er)南(nan)亞松(song)(song)(song)(song)在(zai)所有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹樹種當(dang)中，其(qi)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)熱(re)量要(yao)求(qiu)最高(gao)(gao)。在(zai)濕(shi)潤(run)條(tiao)件(jian)方(fang)面，五(wu)(wu)針松(song)(song)(song)(song)和二針松(song)(song)(song)(song)相(xiang)比，在(zai)濕(shi)度方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)更(geng)高(gao)(gao)，但同(tong)(tong)樣與(yu)(yu)(yu)樹種存(cun)在(zai)緊密的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系。雖然華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)(yu)紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)都是五(wu)(wu)針松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹種，但濕(shi)度要(yao)求(qiu)卻存(cun)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)之(zhi)處，紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)所需濕(shi)度更(geng)高(gao)(gao)。另外，五(wu)(wu)尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)都是二針松(song)(song)(song)(song)，在(zai)濕(shi)潤(run)條(tiao)件(jian)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)仍然不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)植物分(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)理位置(zhi)也(ye)存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)關聯。

形態及特征

松(song)樹(shu)較幼時(shi)的(de)樹(shu)冠呈(cheng)金字塔(ta)形，樹(shu)枝多呈(cheng)輪(lun)狀著(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)。幼苗出土、子葉展開以后，首先著(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)的(de)為初生(sheng)葉，單(dan)生(sheng)，螺旋狀排列，線(xian)狀披針(zhen)形，葉緣具齒。初生(sheng)葉行使(shi)葉的(de)功能(neng)1～3年后，才出現針(zhen)葉，通常2、3、5枚(mei)成(cheng)束，著(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)于(yu)短枝的(de)頂(ding)端。每束針(zhen)葉基部有葉鞘，早期脫落或宿存。葉肉(rou)組織中(zhong)的(de)樹(shu)脂道的(de)位置在成(cheng)年植(zhi)株比(bi)較恒定，可分為外生(sheng)、中(zhong)生(sheng)、內生(sheng)3種(zhong)類型。

松樹(shu)針葉橫切面中可(ke)見1或(huo)2個(ge)(ge)維管束，特殊環境下可(ke)在雙維管束松樹(shu)中出現維管束合并(bing)的(de)情況。球花單性(xing)，雌雄同株。球果(guo)多數由種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)組成，成熟后(hou)木質(zhi)化(hua)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)裸露增(zeng)厚部分稱鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)盾(dun)，鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)盾(dun)先端的(de)瘤狀(zhuang)突(tu)起稱鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)臍(qi)。有(you)的(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)臍(qi)具刺，有(you)的(de)無。球果(guo)成熟時種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)張開，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)脫落；但(dan)少數樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)則長(chang)(chang)期保持(chi)關閉狀(zhuang)態。每個(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)具種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)2粒，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)上部具一長(chang)(chang)翅(chi)(chi)，少數具短(duan)翅(chi)(chi)或(huo)無翅(chi)(chi)。

松(song)(song)樹(shu)最明顯的(de)特征是(shi)葉成(cheng)針(zhen)狀，常2針(zhen)、3針(zhen)或5針(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束(shu)。如油松(song)(song)、馬尾松(song)(song)、黃山(shan)松(song)(song)的(de)葉2針(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束(shu)，白(bai)皮松(song)(song)的(de)葉3針(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束(shu)，紅松(song)(song)、華山(shan)松(song)(song)、五針(zhen)松(song)(song)的(de)葉5針(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束(shu)。松(song)(song)樹(shu)為(wei)雌(ci)(ci)雄同株植物，而且孢子葉成(cheng)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)果(guo)狀排列，形成(cheng)雌(ci)(ci)、雄球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)。雌(ci)(ci)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)單個或2一(yi)(yi)4個著生于新(xin)枝(zhi)頂端，雄球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)多(duo)數聚(ju)集(ji)于新(xin)枝(zhi)下部。松(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)一(yi)(yi)般于春夏(xia)季(ji)開(kai)放，但(dan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉傳到(dao)雌(ci)(ci)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)上后(hou)，要(yao)到(dao)第二年(nian)初夏(xia)才(cai)萌發(fa)(fa)，使(shi)雌(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)受(shou)精，發(fa)(fa)育(yu)成(cheng)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)果(guo)（俗(su)稱(cheng)松(song)(song)塔或松(song)(song)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，不是(shi)果(guo)實(shi)）。球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)果(guo)于秋后(hou)成(cheng)熟，種(zhong)鱗張開(kai)，每個種(zhong)鱗具兩粒種(zhong)子。

松(song)屬植物中的多數種類是高(gao)大(da)(da)挺拔(ba)的喬(qiao)木(mu)，而且材(cai)質好，不乏(fa)棟梁之材(cai)。中國東北(bei)(bei)的“木(mu)材(cai)之王”——紅松(song)、北(bei)(bei)美西(xi)部(bu)(bu)廣(guang)為分(fen)布的高(gao)大(da)(da)樹種（高(gao)達(da)75米）—西(xi)黃松(song)、原(yuan)產于(yu)美國加(jia)州(zhou)沿(yan)海(hai)生長速(su)度最快(kuai)的松(song)樹——輻射松(song)、原(yuan)產于(yu)美國東南部(bu)(bu)的濕地(di)松(song)、美洲加(jia)勒(le)比海(hai)地(di)區(qu)原(yuan)產的加(jia)勒(le)比松(song)、廣(guang)布于(yu)歐亞大(da)(da)陸西(xi)部(bu)(bu)和北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)的歐洲赤松(song)等(deng)等(deng)，都(dou)是著名的用材(cai)樹種。

松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀賞價值也是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)目共睹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在中(zhong)國，從(cong)(cong)皇家(jia)古典(dian)園林到(dao)(dao)現代居民家(jia)中(zhong)都能見到(dao)(dao)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倩影，例如北京北海、頤和園中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油松(song)、白皮(pi)松(song)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)樁盆(pen)景(jing)中(zhong)廣(guang)泛使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五針(zhen)松(song)等，一些名山(shan)勝地，更是(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)以(yi)(yi)松(song)壯(zhuang)勢(shi)、松(song)以(yi)(yi)山(shan)出名。黃山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迎客松(song)、華山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)華山(shan)松(song)、長(chang)(chang)白山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美人(ren)松(song)……無一不令游人(ren)贊嘆。另外，松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)根(gen)部(bu)位常常會有(you)(you)大型真菌(jun)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。它們有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)腐菌(jun)，可以(yi)(yi)對松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進行分解，造(zao)成(cheng)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)根(gen)腐；有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)外生(sheng)菌(jun)根(gen)菌(jun)，可以(yi)(yi)與松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)互換營養(yang)，防(fang)止(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)營養(yang)缺乏，從(cong)(cong)而(er)導致影響生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。成(cheng)熟后高達45米，胸徑1.5米；樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)皮(pi)紅褐(he)色，下部(bu)灰褐(he)色，裂成(cheng)不規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鱗(lin)(lin)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)塊片；枝(zhi)平展或(huo)斜展，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠寬塔(ta)形或(huo)傘形，枝(zhi)條每年生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)一輪，但在廣(guang)東(dong)南部(bu)則(ze)通(tong)常生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)兩(liang)輪，淡(dan)黃褐(he)色，無白粉，稀有(you)(you)白粉，無毛；冬(dong)芽卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)圓柱形或(huo)圓柱形，褐(he)色，頂端尖(jian)，芽鱗(lin)(lin)邊(bian)緣絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，先端尖(jian)或(huo)成(cheng)漸尖(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)尖(jian)頭，微反曲(qu)。

繁殖方式

松樹(shu)的(de)(de)苗木(mu)繁育(yu)主(zhu)要采用種子育(yu)苗或者用枝(zhi)條(tiao)進(jin)行扦插，此外，另有由我國研究人員創立(li)的(de)(de)直接(jie)用松樹(shu)的(de)(de)針葉束進(jin)行無性系，苗木(mu)繁育(yu)的(de)(de)方法，即：針葉束育(yu)苗。

價值及其他

觀賞

松(song)(song)樹除經濟用(yong)途外，由(you)于其樹姿(zi)雄(xiong)偉、蒼勁，樹體高(gao)大(da)、長壽(shou)，還具有重要的(de)(de)觀(guan)賞(shang)價值(zhi)。它是中(zhong)(zhong)國很多風景區(qu)的(de)(de)重要景觀(guan)成分(fen)。如遼(liao)寧(ning)千(qian)山(shan)、山(shan)東泰山(shan)、江西廬山(shan)都以松(song)(song)樹景色而馳名。尤(you)其是安徽的(de)(de)黃山(shan)，松(song)(song)、云、石(shi)號稱“三(san)(san)絕”，而以松(song)(song)為(wei)首。各(ge)地不(bu)少古松(song)(song)與中(zhong)(zhong)國悠久的(de)(de)歷史文化有密切聯系。如北京北海團城有一株(zhu)800年生的(de)(de)古松(song)(song)，傳說曾被(bei)清乾隆(long)封為(wei)“遮陰侯”；泰山(shan)“五大(da)夫松(song)(song)”傳說是秦始皇登山(shan)在此避雨(yu)而被(bei)封以官爵的(de)(de)。中(zhong)(zhong)國人民把松(song)(song)樹作為(wei)堅定、貞潔(jie)、長壽(shou)的(de)(de)象(xiang)征。松(song)(song)、竹、梅世稱“歲(sui)寒三(san)(san)友”，喻不(bu)畏(wei)逆境、戰勝(sheng)困難的(de)(de)堅韌精神。

工業

按照結構(gou)特征和(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)性，一般將松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)分為軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)和(he)硬(ying)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)。軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)（即單維管(guan)束亞(ya)屬(shu)）比較(jiao)輕軟(ruan)，紋(wen)理均勻，強度小，加(jia)(jia)工容易，早材(cai)(cai)(cai)至(zhi)晚材(cai)(cai)(cai)漸變，少翅裂(lie)。硬(ying)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)（即雙維管(guan)束亞(ya)屬(shu)）比較(jiao)重硬(ying)，紋(wen)理不均勻，強度較(jiao)大，加(jia)(jia)工較(jiao)難，早材(cai)(cai)(cai)至(zhi)晚材(cai)(cai)(cai)急變，松(song)(song)(song)脂含量高。但屬(shu)于軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)中的(de)海(hai)南五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)和(he)華南五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)在強度和(he)容重上接近于硬(ying)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)。松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)可(ke)供建筑、電(dian)桿、枕(zhen)木(mu)(mu)、礦柱、橋(qiao)梁(liang)、農具(ju)、器具(ju)、家具(ju)等多種用途。各(ge)種松(song)(song)(song)木(mu)(mu)的(de)纖維素含量約為50～60%，木(mu)(mu)質素為25～30%，為制(zhi)漿造紙(zhi)工業重要的(de)原料之一。松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)也可(ke)用作薪炭材(cai)(cai)(cai)。

從松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹樹干割(ge)取松(song)(song)(song)(song)脂(zhi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以提取松(song)(song)(song)(song)香和(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)節油。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹種(zhong)子富(fu)含蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)油脂(zhi)，含油量都在30%以上(shang)，其(qi)中具食用(yong)(yong)價值的(de)(de)有20種(zhong)，如產于(yu)(yu)中國(guo)的(de)(de)有紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)。紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)種(zhong)子還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)入藥，藥名“海松(song)(song)(song)(song)子”，是一種(zhong)滋養(yang)強壯劑。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)樹皮、種(zhong)皮富(fu)含單寧(ning)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)浸(jin)水(shui)提取栲膠。樹皮經粉碎后，與其(qi)他原料(liao)混合，加(jia)壓可(ke)(ke)(ke)制成(cheng)硬纖維板。此(ci)外還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)從松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹針(zhen)葉中提取松(song)(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)揮發油。針(zhen)葉中含有較豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)胡蘿卜素(su)、維生(sheng)素(su)、脂(zhi)肪、蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)以及鈣、磷等(deng)多種(zhong)礦質(zhi)(zhi)元素(su)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)加(jia)工成(cheng)飼料(liao)添(tian)加(jia)劑，用(yong)(yong)來飼養(yang)家禽、家畜。利用(yong)(yong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)枝(zhi)、松(song)(song)(song)(song)根在窯(yao)內進(jin)行不(bu)完全(quan)的(de)(de)燃燒(shao)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)制得松(song)(song)(song)(song)煙(yan)（見木材(cai)干餾），用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)制造(zao)墨(mo)、油墨(mo)和(he)黑(hei)色(se)涂料(liao)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)枝(zhi)和(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)根還(huan)是培養(yang)名貴藥材(cai)茯(fu)苓的(de)(de)原料(liao)。

綜上所(suo)述(shu)，松針(zhen)以(yi)其鮮(xian)為(wei)人知的驚人功(gong)效和覆蓋(gai)全國的豐富資源，必(bi)將成保健產業革命(ming)的標志性產品。

馬尾松的(de)葉——松針(zhen)有(you)極大(da)的(de)藥用價值(zhi)，最(zui)早由孫思(si)邈發(fa)現，主(zhu)要是(shi)清(qing)除人體自由基，可防(fang)暈車，可煨水、泡酒，延年益壽。

藥用

松針是松樹藥用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)代表部位(wei)，味苦(ku)、無毒、藥性溫(wen)和，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)提取物(wu)(wu)中含(han)有(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)酵素(su)(su)、植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)纖維(wei)、生(sheng)長激松 針素(su)(su)、蛋白質(zhi)、脂肪和 2 4種氨基(ji)(ji)酸，松 針具 有(you)降(jiang)血(xue)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。松針中含(han)有(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)β-胡(hu)蘿卜(bu)素(su)(su)、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)C、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)E，這(zhe)三種物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)被稱為抗氧化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)“金三角(jiao)”，三者共同保護(hu)人體組織(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)免(mian)受(shou)氧化(hua)，延長細(xi)胞(bao)的(de)(de)(de)壽命。松針提取物(wu)(wu)前(qian)(qian)花青素(su)(su) (PCA)是一種能(neng)力超強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)抗氧化(hua)劑，前(qian)(qian)花青素(su)(su)是世界上迄(qi)今為止文獻(xian)記載和實驗室發現最強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)抗氧化(hua)(抗衰(shuai)老)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)!它(ta)有(you)優異的(de)(de)(de)清除多種有(you)害自由基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)效(xiao)，與其他植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)抗氧化(hua)劑相比，前(qian)(qian)花青素(su)(su)對超氧化(hua)物(wu)(wu)陰離子自由基(ji)(ji)和羥自由基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)清除能(neng)力更勝一籌；松針精油(you)和松針黃酮有(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)溶性，能(neng)和松針所(suo)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)不飽和脂肪酸透過血(xue)管壁(bi)進入血(xue)液：通(tong)過增加(jia)膽(dan)汁(zhi)分泌，減少膽(dan)固醇的(de)(de)(de)積累，通(tong)過清除膽(dan)固醇，預防動脈硬化(hua)、擴張末(mo)梢血(xue)管、改(gai)善紅(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)攜氧能(neng)力，促進人的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)液循環。人類心(xin)(xin)腦血(xue)管疾病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)幾大癥狀：心(xin)(xin)絞痛、心(xin)(xin)悸、喘(chuan)息、浮腫、暈(yun)眩、呼吸困難，飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)松針茶(cha)后，都得到了改(gai)善多種實驗證明。