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生長與分布

分布范圍

由于(yu)原產地(di)地(di)理(li)分布的(de)差異(yi)，在原產中國的(de)松(song)(song)(song)樹中，樟子(zi)松(song)(song)(song)、新疆五針松(song)(song)(song)、偃(yan)松(song)(song)(song)最耐寒，對熱(re)(re)量要求(qiu)最低。紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)對熱(re)(re)量要求(qiu)也較低。赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)、油松(song)(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)(song)、高山松(song)(song)(song)、黃山松(song)(song)(song)、巴山松(song)(song)(song)為暖溫帶和(he)亞熱(re)(re)帶高海拔地(di)區樹種，對熱(re)(re)量要求(qiu)中等。馬尾松(song)(song)(song)、云南松(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)和(he)思茅(mao)松(song)(song)(song)分布于(yu)更靠(kao)南的(de)地(di)區，要求(qiu)較高的(de)熱(re)(re)量。

南亞(ya)松(song)是熱帶松(song)樹(shu)，對(dui)(dui)熱量的要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)最高(gao)。對(dui)(dui)濕(shi)潤條件(jian)的要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，五針(zhen)松(song)一(yi)般高(gao)于(yu)二(er)(er)針(zhen)松(song)，但也因(yin)種而異(yi)。例(li)如(ru)同(tong)(tong)為(wei)五針(zhen)松(song)的紅松(song)和華(hua)山(shan)松(song)，前者比后者要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)更濕(shi)潤的條件(jian)；同(tong)(tong)為(wei)二(er)(er)針(zhen)松(song)的赤松(song)和馬尾松(song)對(dui)(dui)濕(shi)潤狀況的要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)高(gao)于(yu)油(you)松(song)和云南松(song)。這與地理分布(bu)上隨經度而發生的替代現(xian)象有關。

生長環境

土壤要求

松(song)樹本身適應力較強(qiang)，因而(er)能夠在(zai)各種(zhong)類型土(tu)壤(rang)中生(sheng)長(chang)，但土(tu)壤(rang)仍會對松(song)樹生(sheng)長(chang)的態勢產(chan)生(sheng)直接的影響(xiang)，所以應盡量選擇肥沃(wo)土(tu)壤(rang)區(qu)域種(zhong)植，才能夠保證(zheng)松(song)樹的健康(kang)生(sheng)長(chang)。如果是水分相對充足的區(qu)域，盡可能選擇酸性(xing)土(tu)壤(rang)種(zhong)植松(song)樹，但仍存在(zai)部分品種(zhong)更適宜種(zhong)植在(zai)堿性(xing)土(tu)壤(rang)中。

耐陰性

絕(jue)大(da)多數松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)喜歡光照，其(qi)外形具體表現(xian)在樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠分布稀疏，自然整枝能力(li)極強，所(suo)以(yi)在生理(li)方面，其(qi)補償點(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)不會(hui)與(yu)其(qi)他(ta)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高度相(xiang)同。在成(cheng)林(lin)過程(cheng)當中，通常都會(hui)形成(cheng)先鋒樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。一旦原始(shi)森林(lin)受到外力(li)傷害，先鋒樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)迅(xun)速發展，替(ti)代(dai)原有樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)位(wei)置，但(dan)其(qi)自身的穩定(ding)性(xing)并(bing)不理(li)想(xiang)(xiang)。若(ruo)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)能夠形成(cheng)特(te)定(ding)環境(jing)，耐陰性(xing)較強且(qie)長壽的樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)替(ti)代(dai)，最(zui)終使其(qi)喪失自身獨特(te)優(you)勢(shi)。對于松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而言(yan)，大(da)部分樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都能夠互相(xiang)進(jin)行替(ti)代(dai)，特(te)別是耐陰性(xing)理(li)想(xiang)(xiang)的樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，優(you)勢(shi)顯著(zhu)。

抗旱性

在(zai)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)的整個(ge)過程中(zhong)，其(qi)抗(kang)(kang)旱(han)性(xing)能極強(qiang)，受其(qi)抗(kang)(kang)旱(han)結構的影響(xiang)，這種類(lei)型的松(song)樹(shu)(shu)，其(qi)葉(xie)子狹窄而且角質層較為發(fa)達，葉(xie)片表面積與(yu)體(ti)積都相(xiang)對較小，而且氣孔通常(chang)都會(hui)出現下陷情況。但是，在(zai)組織發(fa)育方面相(xiang)對理(li)想，站(zhan)在(zai)生(sheng)理(li)角度分析(xi)，耐寒(han)性(xing)與(yu)耐旱(han)性(xing)很強(qiang)，所以并不會(hui)受到缺水影響(xiang)而受到損傷。而站(zhan)在(zai)生(sheng)態角度分析(xi)，松(song)樹(shu)(shu)屬于最常(chang)見(jian)的一種旱(han)生(sheng)植物，，即便氣候條(tiao)件差異較大的區(qu)域，同樣能夠(gou)使(shi)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)健康(kang)地生(sheng)存”。絕大多(duo)數(shu)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)都在(zai)干旱(han)條(tiao)件且土壤稀薄區(qu)域生(sheng)長(chang)，其(qi)中(zhong)，二針(zhen)松(song)與(yu)五針(zhen)松(song)相(xiang)比，其(qi)抗(kang)(kang)旱(han)能力更強(qiang)。由此可見(jian)，若土壤當中(zhong)的含水量過大，會(hui)嚴重影響(xiang)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)的正(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)長(chang)。

生長氣候

松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)原(yuan)產地(di)分布(bu)(bu)具有(you)(you)顯著的(de)(de)不同(tong)之(zhi)處，一般情況下(xia)，樟子(zi)松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)等具有(you)(you)極強的(de)(de)耐寒性，所以(yi)在(zai)種(zhong)植(zhi)方面(mian)對(dui)于熱量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)并不高(gao)。而(er)(er)油(you)松(song)(song)(song)、白皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)等屬于暖溫帶與(yu)(yu)亞熱帶高(gao)海拔區(qu)域(yu)所特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)，因而(er)(er)對(dui)于熱量(liang)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)要(yao)遠遠高(gao)于五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)。馬(ma)尾(wei)松(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)以(yi)及(ji)云(yun)南松(song)(song)(song)等主要(yao)分布(bu)(bu)于南方區(qu)域(yu)，其對(dui)于熱量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)會更高(gao)-一些。而(er)(er)南亞松(song)(song)(song)在(zai)所有(you)(you)的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)當(dang)中，其對(dui)于熱量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)最高(gao)。在(zai)濕(shi)潤條(tiao)件方面(mian)，五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)和二(er)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)相比，在(zai)濕(shi)度(du)方面(mian)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)更高(gao)，但(dan)同(tong)樣與(yu)(yu)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)緊密的(de)(de)聯系。雖然(ran)華山松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)紅松(song)(song)(song)都是(shi)五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)，但(dan)濕(shi)度(du)要(yao)求(qiu)卻(que)存(cun)在(zai)不同(tong)之(zhi)處，紅松(song)(song)(song)所需(xu)濕(shi)度(du)更高(gao)。另外，五(wu)尾(wei)松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)都是(shi)二(er)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)，在(zai)濕(shi)潤條(tiao)件方面(mian)的(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)仍然(ran)不同(tong)，與(yu)(yu)植(zhi)物分布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)地(di)理位置也(ye)存(cun)在(zai)一定的(de)(de)關聯。

形態及特征

松樹較(jiao)幼時的(de)(de)(de)樹冠呈金字(zi)塔形(xing)，樹枝(zhi)多呈輪(lun)狀(zhuang)著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)。幼苗(miao)出(chu)土、子葉(xie)展(zhan)開以后，首先著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)初生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)，單生(sheng)(sheng)，螺旋狀(zhuang)排列，線狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)，葉(xie)緣具齒。初生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)行使葉(xie)的(de)(de)(de)功能1～3年(nian)后，才出(chu)現針(zhen)葉(xie)，通常2、3、5枚(mei)成束(shu)，著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)于短枝(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)頂端。每(mei)束(shu)針(zhen)葉(xie)基部(bu)有葉(xie)鞘，早期(qi)脫落或(huo)宿存。葉(xie)肉組織中的(de)(de)(de)樹脂道的(de)(de)(de)位置在成年(nian)植株比(bi)較(jiao)恒定，可分為(wei)外(wai)生(sheng)(sheng)、中生(sheng)(sheng)、內(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)3種類型。

松樹(shu)(shu)針葉橫(heng)切面(mian)中可見1或2個維(wei)管(guan)(guan)束，特殊環境下(xia)可在雙維(wei)管(guan)(guan)束松樹(shu)(shu)中出現維(wei)管(guan)(guan)束合并的情況。球(qiu)花單性，雌雄(xiong)同株。球(qiu)果(guo)(guo)多(duo)數由種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)組成(cheng)，成(cheng)熟后木質化。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)的裸露(lu)增厚部(bu)分稱鱗(lin)盾，鱗(lin)盾先端的瘤狀突起稱鱗(lin)臍。有的樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)臍具(ju)刺，有的無。球(qiu)果(guo)(guo)成(cheng)熟時種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)張開，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)脫落(luo)；但少(shao)數樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)則長期(qi)保持關(guan)閉(bi)狀態。每個種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)具(ju)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)2粒(li)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)上部(bu)具(ju)一(yi)長翅(chi)，少(shao)數具(ju)短翅(chi)或無翅(chi)。

松(song)(song)(song)樹最(zui)明顯(xian)的特征是葉(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)狀(zhuang)，常2針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、3針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)或5針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)束(shu)(shu)。如(ru)油松(song)(song)(song)、馬尾松(song)(song)(song)、黃山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)的葉(xie)2針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)束(shu)(shu)，白(bai)皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)的葉(xie)3針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)束(shu)(shu)，紅松(song)(song)(song)、華(hua)山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)、五針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)的葉(xie)5針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)束(shu)(shu)。松(song)(song)(song)樹為雌(ci)雄同株植物，而且孢子葉(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)球(qiu)果(guo)狀(zhuang)排列，形成(cheng)(cheng)雌(ci)、雄球(qiu)花(hua)。雌(ci)球(qiu)花(hua)單個或2一(yi)4個著生于(yu)新枝頂端，雄球(qiu)花(hua)多數聚(ju)集于(yu)新枝下部。松(song)(song)(song)樹的球(qiu)花(hua)一(yi)般于(yu)春夏季開放，但花(hua)粉傳到(dao)雌(ci)球(qiu)花(hua)上后，要到(dao)第二(er)年初夏才萌發，使雌(ci)花(hua)受精，發育成(cheng)(cheng)球(qiu)果(guo)（俗稱(cheng)松(song)(song)(song)塔或松(song)(song)(song)球(qiu)，不是果(guo)實）。球(qiu)果(guo)于(yu)秋后成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)，種(zhong)鱗(lin)張開，每個種(zhong)鱗(lin)具兩粒種(zhong)子。

松(song)屬植物中的多數種類是高(gao)(gao)大(da)挺(ting)拔的喬木(mu)，而(er)且材質好，不乏(fa)棟梁之(zhi)材。中國(guo)東(dong)北的“木(mu)材之(zhi)王”——紅松(song)、北美西(xi)部廣(guang)(guang)為分布的高(gao)(gao)大(da)樹(shu)種（高(gao)(gao)達75米）—西(xi)黃松(song)、原產于美國(guo)加州沿海(hai)生長速度最快的松(song)樹(shu)——輻射松(song)、原產于美國(guo)東(dong)南部的濕地(di)松(song)、美洲(zhou)加勒(le)比(bi)海(hai)地(di)區原產的加勒(le)比(bi)松(song)、廣(guang)(guang)布于歐(ou)亞大(da)陸西(xi)部和北部的歐(ou)洲(zhou)赤(chi)松(song)等(deng)等(deng)，都是著名的用材樹(shu)種。

松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)觀(guan)賞價值也是有(you)目共睹的(de)(de)。在(zai)中國，從(cong)皇家古典園(yuan)林到(dao)現(xian)代居民家中都(dou)能見到(dao)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)倩影，例如北京北海、頤和園(yuan)中的(de)(de)油松(song)(song)(song)、白(bai)皮松(song)(song)(song)，樹(shu)樁盆景中廣泛使用(yong)的(de)(de)五針松(song)(song)(song)等，一些名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)勝地，更(geng)是山(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)(yi)松(song)(song)(song)壯勢、松(song)(song)(song)以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)出名(ming)。黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)迎(ying)客松(song)(song)(song)、華山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)華山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)、長(chang)(chang)白(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)美人松(song)(song)(song)……無(wu)(wu)一不(bu)令(ling)游人贊嘆(tan)。另外，松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)樹(shu)根(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)位常(chang)常(chang)會(hui)有(you)大型真菌生長(chang)(chang)。它(ta)們有(you)的(de)(de)是木(mu)腐菌，可以(yi)(yi)對松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)進行(xing)分解(jie)，造(zao)成(cheng)樹(shu)木(mu)根(gen)(gen)腐；有(you)的(de)(de)是外生菌根(gen)(gen)菌，可以(yi)(yi)與松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)互換營養(yang)，防止(zhi)樹(shu)木(mu)營養(yang)缺乏，從(cong)而導致影響(xiang)生長(chang)(chang)。成(cheng)熟(shu)后高(gao)達45米，胸(xiong)徑(jing)1.5米；樹(shu)皮紅褐色(se)，下(xia)部(bu)(bu)灰褐色(se)，裂成(cheng)不(bu)規則的(de)(de)鱗狀(zhuang)塊片；枝平(ping)展或(huo)(huo)斜展，樹(shu)冠寬塔形(xing)或(huo)(huo)傘形(xing)，枝條每年生長(chang)(chang)一輪，但在(zai)廣東南(nan)部(bu)(bu)則通(tong)常(chang)生長(chang)(chang)兩輪，淡黃褐色(se)，無(wu)(wu)白(bai)粉(fen)，稀有(you)白(bai)粉(fen)，無(wu)(wu)毛；冬(dong)芽卵狀(zhuang)圓柱(zhu)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)圓柱(zhu)形(xing)，褐色(se)，頂端尖，芽鱗邊緣絲(si)狀(zhuang)，先端尖或(huo)(huo)成(cheng)漸尖的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)尖頭，微反(fan)曲。

繁殖方式

松樹的(de)苗(miao)木繁育主要采用種子育苗(miao)或者用枝條(tiao)進行(xing)扦插，此外，另有由我國研究人員創立的(de)直(zhi)接(jie)用松樹的(de)針葉束進行(xing)無性系，苗(miao)木繁育的(de)方法，即(ji)：針葉束育苗(miao)。

價值及其他

觀賞

松(song)樹(shu)除經濟用(yong)途外，由于其(qi)樹(shu)姿雄偉、蒼勁，樹(shu)體高大、長(chang)壽，還具有(you)重(zhong)要的(de)觀賞價值。它是中(zhong)國很多風景區的(de)重(zhong)要景觀成分。如遼寧千山、山東泰山、江西廬(lu)山都以松(song)樹(shu)景色(se)而(er)馳名。尤其(qi)是安徽的(de)黃山，松(song)、云、石號稱(cheng)“三(san)絕(jue)”，而(er)以松(song)為(wei)首。各地(di)不少古松(song)與中(zhong)國悠久的(de)歷(li)史文化有(you)密切聯(lian)系(xi)。如北京(jing)北海(hai)團城有(you)一(yi)株800年(nian)生的(de)古松(song)，傳說曾被清乾隆封(feng)為(wei)“遮(zhe)陰侯(hou)”；泰山“五大夫松(song)”傳說是秦始皇登山在此避雨而(er)被封(feng)以官(guan)爵的(de)。中(zhong)國人民把(ba)松(song)樹(shu)作為(wei)堅(jian)定(ding)、貞潔(jie)、長(chang)壽的(de)象征。松(song)、竹(zhu)、梅世稱(cheng)“歲寒(han)三(san)友”，喻不畏逆境、戰(zhan)勝困難(nan)的(de)堅(jian)韌精(jing)神。

工業

按照結構特征和(he)(he)(he)(he)材(cai)性，一般(ban)將松(song)(song)(song)樹分(fen)為(wei)軟木(mu)松(song)(song)(song)和(he)(he)(he)(he)硬木(mu)松(song)(song)(song)。軟木(mu)松(song)(song)(song)（即單維管束(shu)亞屬）比較輕軟，紋理均(jun)勻，強度(du)(du)小(xiao)，加工(gong)容易(yi)，早(zao)材(cai)至晚材(cai)漸(jian)變，少(shao)翅裂。硬木(mu)松(song)(song)(song)（即雙維管束(shu)亞屬）比較重硬，紋理不均(jun)勻，強度(du)(du)較大，加工(gong)較難，早(zao)材(cai)至晚材(cai)急變，松(song)(song)(song)脂(zhi)含量高。但屬于(yu)軟木(mu)松(song)(song)(song)中的海(hai)南(nan)五針松(song)(song)(song)和(he)(he)(he)(he)華南(nan)五針松(song)(song)(song)在強度(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)容重上(shang)接近于(yu)硬木(mu)松(song)(song)(song)。松(song)(song)(song)樹木(mu)材(cai)可供(gong)建筑、電(dian)桿、枕木(mu)、礦柱、橋(qiao)梁、農(nong)具(ju)、器具(ju)、家具(ju)等(deng)多種用(yong)途。各種松(song)(song)(song)木(mu)的纖(xian)維素含量約為(wei)50～60%，木(mu)質素為(wei)25～30%，為(wei)制漿造紙(zhi)工(gong)業重要的原料之一。松(song)(song)(song)樹也可用(yong)作薪炭材(cai)。

從(cong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹樹干割取松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)脂(zhi)可(ke)(ke)以提(ti)取松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)香和松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)節(jie)油。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹種子富含(han)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)和油脂(zhi)，含(han)油量都在30%以上，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)具食用(yong)價(jia)值的(de)有20種，如產于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)有紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)。紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)種子還(huan)(huan)可(ke)(ke)入(ru)藥，藥名(ming)“海松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)子”，是一種滋養(yang)(yang)強壯劑(ji)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)樹皮(pi)、種皮(pi)富含(han)單寧，可(ke)(ke)浸水提(ti)取栲膠。樹皮(pi)經粉碎(sui)后，與其他原料混合(he)，加(jia)壓可(ke)(ke)制成(cheng)(cheng)硬纖維(wei)板。此外(wai)還(huan)(huan)可(ke)(ke)從(cong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹針(zhen)葉中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)取松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)揮發油。針(zhen)葉中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有較豐富的(de)胡蘿卜素(su)、維(wei)生素(su)、脂(zhi)肪(fang)、蛋白(bai)質(zhi)以及鈣、磷等(deng)多種礦質(zhi)元素(su)，可(ke)(ke)加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)飼料添加(jia)劑(ji)，用(yong)來飼養(yang)(yang)家禽、家畜。利用(yong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)枝(zhi)、松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)根在窯內進行不完全的(de)燃燒，可(ke)(ke)制得松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)煙（見(jian)木材干餾(liu)），用(yong)于制造墨、油墨和黑色涂(tu)料。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)枝(zhi)和松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)根還(huan)(huan)是培(pei)養(yang)(yang)名(ming)貴藥材茯苓的(de)原料。

綜上所述，松針以其鮮為人知的(de)驚(jing)人功效(xiao)和覆蓋全國(guo)的(de)豐富資源，必(bi)將成保(bao)健(jian)產業革命的(de)標志性產品。

馬尾松的葉——松針(zhen)有極大的藥用(yong)價值，最早由孫思邈發(fa)現，主要(yao)是清除(chu)人體(ti)自由基，可防暈(yun)車，可煨水、泡(pao)酒，延(yan)年益壽。

藥用

松(song)針(zhen)是松(song)樹藥用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)代表(biao)部(bu)位，味苦、無毒(du)、藥性溫和(he)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)取(qu)物(wu)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)植物(wu)酵(jiao)素(su)(su)、植物(wu)纖維(wei)、生長激松(song) 針(zhen)素(su)(su)、蛋白質(zhi)、脂肪(fang)(fang)和(he) 2 4種(zhong)氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)，松(song) 針(zhen)具 有(you)降血(xue)(xue)壓的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。松(song)針(zhen)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)β-胡蘿卜素(su)(su)、維(wei)生素(su)(su)C、維(wei)生素(su)(su)E，這三種(zhong)物(wu)質(zhi)被稱(cheng)為(wei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)“金三角”，三者共同保(bao)護人(ren)體組(zu)織細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)免受氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)，延(yan)長細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)壽命。松(song)針(zhen)提(ti)(ti)取(qu)物(wu)前(qian)(qian)花青素(su)(su) (PCA)是一種(zhong)能力(li)超(chao)強的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然抗(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑，前(qian)(qian)花青素(su)(su)是世界(jie)上迄今為(wei)止文獻記載和(he)實驗(yan)室發現最強的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然抗(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(抗(kang)(kang)(kang)衰老)物(wu)質(zhi)!它(ta)有(you)優異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)除多種(zhong)有(you)害自由(you)基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)效，與其他植物(wu)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑相(xiang)比，前(qian)(qian)花青素(su)(su)對(dui)超(chao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)陰離子自由(you)基(ji)和(he)羥自由(you)基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)除能力(li)更(geng)勝一籌；松(song)針(zhen)精(jing)油和(he)松(song)針(zhen)黃酮有(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)溶性，能和(he)松(song)針(zhen)所含(han)的(de)(de)(de)不飽(bao)和(he)脂肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)透過(guo)血(xue)(xue)管壁進入血(xue)(xue)液(ye)：通過(guo)增(zeng)加膽(dan)汁分泌(mi)，減少膽(dan)固醇的(de)(de)(de)積累，通過(guo)清(qing)除膽(dan)固醇，預防動(dong)脈硬化(hua)(hua)、擴張末梢血(xue)(xue)管、改善(shan)紅細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)攜氧(yang)(yang)(yang)能力(li)，促進人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)液(ye)循環。人(ren)類(lei)心腦血(xue)(xue)管疾(ji)病的(de)(de)(de)幾大(da)癥狀：心絞痛、心悸、喘(chuan)息、浮腫(zhong)、暈眩、呼吸困(kun)難(nan)，飲用(yong)(yong)松(song)針(zhen)茶后(hou)，都得到了(le)改善(shan)多種(zhong)實驗(yan)證明。