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生長與分布

分布范圍

由于(yu)原(yuan)產地(di)(di)地(di)(di)理(li)分布(bu)的(de)(de)差異，在原(yuan)產中(zhong)國的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)中(zhong)，樟子松(song)(song)(song)、新疆五針松(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)最(zui)耐寒(han)，對(dui)(dui)熱(re)量要求(qiu)最(zui)低。紅松(song)(song)(song)對(dui)(dui)熱(re)量要求(qiu)也較(jiao)低。赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)、油松(song)(song)(song)、白(bai)皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)、華山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)、高(gao)山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)、黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)、巴山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)為(wei)暖溫帶和(he)(he)亞(ya)熱(re)帶高(gao)海拔地(di)(di)區樹(shu)種，對(dui)(dui)熱(re)量要求(qiu)中(zhong)等。馬尾松(song)(song)(song)、云南松(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)和(he)(he)思(si)茅松(song)(song)(song)分布(bu)于(yu)更靠南的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區，要求(qiu)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)熱(re)量。

南亞松(song)(song)(song)(song)是熱帶松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹，對熱量的(de)(de)要(yao)求最高(gao)。對濕潤條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)要(yao)求，五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)一(yi)般高(gao)于二(er)針松(song)(song)(song)(song)，但也因種而異。例如同為五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)和華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)，前(qian)者比后者要(yao)求更(geng)濕潤的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)；同為二(er)針松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)和馬尾(wei)松(song)(song)(song)(song)對濕潤狀況的(de)(de)要(yao)求高(gao)于油(you)松(song)(song)(song)(song)和云南松(song)(song)(song)(song)。這與地(di)理分布上隨經度而發生的(de)(de)替代現象有(you)關。

生長環境

土壤要求

松樹(shu)本身適應力較(jiao)強，因(yin)而能(neng)夠在(zai)各(ge)種類型土(tu)(tu)壤中生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長，但(dan)土(tu)(tu)壤仍(reng)會(hui)對松樹(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的態(tai)勢產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)直接的影響，所以應盡量選擇(ze)(ze)肥沃土(tu)(tu)壤區(qu)域種植，才能(neng)夠保證松樹(shu)的健康生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。如果是(shi)水分相對充(chong)足的區(qu)域，盡可能(neng)選擇(ze)(ze)酸(suan)性(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤種植松樹(shu)，但(dan)仍(reng)存在(zai)部(bu)分品(pin)種更適宜種植在(zai)堿(jian)性(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤中。

耐陰性

絕大多數松樹(shu)(shu)(shu)喜歡光照，其外(wai)形(xing)具(ju)體表現在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠分(fen)布稀疏，自然整枝能(neng)力極強，所以在(zai)生理方面，其補償點就不會與(yu)其他樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高度(du)相(xiang)同(tong)。在(zai)成(cheng)林過程當中，通常都會形(xing)成(cheng)先鋒樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。一旦原(yuan)始森林受到外(wai)力傷(shang)害(hai)，先鋒樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就會迅速發(fa)展，替代原(yuan)有樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)位置，但其自身的(de)穩定性(xing)(xing)并不理想。若(ruo)松樹(shu)(shu)(shu)能(neng)夠形(xing)成(cheng)特(te)定環境，耐陰性(xing)(xing)較強且長壽的(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就會替代，最終(zhong)使其喪失自身獨(du)特(te)優勢。對(dui)于松樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而言，大部分(fen)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都能(neng)夠互(hu)相(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)替代，特(te)別是耐陰性(xing)(xing)理想的(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，優勢顯著。

抗旱性

在(zai)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)整(zheng)個過程中(zhong)，其(qi)抗旱(han)性(xing)能極強，受(shou)其(qi)抗旱(han)結構的(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，這種類型的(de)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)，其(qi)葉子狹窄而且(qie)(qie)角(jiao)質層較為發(fa)(fa)達(da)，葉片表(biao)面(mian)積(ji)與體積(ji)都(dou)相對較小(xiao)，而且(qie)(qie)氣孔通常都(dou)會出現下陷情況。但是(shi)，在(zai)組織發(fa)(fa)育(yu)方面(mian)相對理想，站在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)理角(jiao)度(du)分析，耐寒性(xing)與耐旱(han)性(xing)很(hen)強，所以并不會受(shou)到(dao)缺(que)水(shui)(shui)影響(xiang)(xiang)而受(shou)到(dao)損傷(shang)。而站在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)態角(jiao)度(du)分析，松(song)樹(shu)(shu)屬于最常見的(de)一種旱(han)生(sheng)(sheng)植物，，即便氣候(hou)條件差異(yi)較大的(de)區(qu)域，同樣能夠使松(song)樹(shu)(shu)健康地生(sheng)(sheng)存”。絕大多數松(song)樹(shu)(shu)都(dou)在(zai)干旱(han)條件且(qie)(qie)土壤(rang)稀薄區(qu)域生(sheng)(sheng)長，其(qi)中(zhong)，二針(zhen)松(song)與五針(zhen)松(song)相比(bi)，其(qi)抗旱(han)能力更強。由此可見，若(ruo)土壤(rang)當中(zhong)的(de)含水(shui)(shui)量過大，會嚴重影響(xiang)(xiang)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)正常生(sheng)(sheng)長。

生長氣候

松(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)原產(chan)地分(fen)布(bu)(bu)具有(you)顯著的(de)不同(tong)之(zhi)處，一(yi)般情況(kuang)下，樟子松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)(yu)五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)等(deng)(deng)具有(you)極強的(de)耐寒性，所(suo)以在種(zhong)(zhong)植方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)對于(yu)(yu)熱量(liang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)并不高(gao)(gao)(gao)。而(er)油松(song)(song)(song)、白(bai)皮松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)等(deng)(deng)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)暖溫帶與(yu)(yu)(yu)亞(ya)熱帶高(gao)(gao)(gao)海拔區(qu)域所(suo)特有(you)的(de)樹種(zhong)(zhong)，因而(er)對于(yu)(yu)熱量(liang)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)要(yao)(yao)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)。馬尾(wei)松(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)以及云南(nan)(nan)松(song)(song)(song)等(deng)(deng)主要(yao)(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)區(qu)域，其對于(yu)(yu)熱量(liang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)會更(geng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)-一(yi)些。而(er)南(nan)(nan)亞(ya)松(song)(song)(song)在所(suo)有(you)的(de)松(song)(song)(song)樹樹種(zhong)(zhong)當中，其對于(yu)(yu)熱量(liang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)最高(gao)(gao)(gao)。在濕(shi)(shi)潤條(tiao)件(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)和(he)二(er)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)相比，在濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)更(geng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，但(dan)同(tong)樣與(yu)(yu)(yu)樹種(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在緊(jin)密的(de)聯系。雖(sui)然(ran)華山松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)(yu)紅松(song)(song)(song)都是五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)樹種(zhong)(zhong)，但(dan)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)卻存(cun)在不同(tong)之(zhi)處，紅松(song)(song)(song)所(suo)需濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)更(geng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。另外，五(wu)尾(wei)松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)都是二(er)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)，在濕(shi)(shi)潤條(tiao)件(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)仍然(ran)不同(tong)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)植物(wu)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)地理位(wei)置也(ye)存(cun)在一(yi)定的(de)關聯。

形態及特征

松樹較幼(you)時的(de)(de)樹冠(guan)呈金字塔形(xing)，樹枝多呈輪狀(zhuang)著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。幼(you)苗出土、子葉(xie)(xie)展開以后，首先著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)為(wei)初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)，單生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，螺旋狀(zhuang)排列，線(xian)狀(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)，葉(xie)(xie)緣具齒。初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)行使葉(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)功(gong)能1～3年后，才(cai)出現(xian)針葉(xie)(xie)，通常2、3、5枚(mei)成束，著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于短枝的(de)(de)頂端。每(mei)束針葉(xie)(xie)基部有(you)葉(xie)(xie)鞘，早期脫落或宿存。葉(xie)(xie)肉組(zu)織中的(de)(de)樹脂道的(de)(de)位置在(zai)成年植株比較恒定，可分為(wei)外(wai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、中生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、內生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)3種類型。

松樹(shu)(shu)針葉橫切面中(zhong)可見(jian)1或2個維管束，特殊環境(jing)下可在(zai)雙維管束松樹(shu)(shu)中(zhong)出現維管束合并的(de)情況。球花單性(xing)，雌雄同株。球果多數由種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)組成，成熟后木質化。種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)的(de)裸露增厚(hou)部(bu)分稱鱗(lin)(lin)盾，鱗(lin)(lin)盾先端(duan)的(de)瘤(liu)狀(zhuang)突起稱鱗(lin)(lin)臍(qi)。有的(de)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)臍(qi)具刺(ci)，有的(de)無。球果成熟時種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)張開，種(zhong)(zhong)子脫(tuo)落；但少(shao)數樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)則(ze)長期(qi)保(bao)持關閉(bi)狀(zhuang)態。每個種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)具種(zhong)(zhong)子2粒，種(zhong)(zhong)子上部(bu)具一長翅(chi)，少(shao)數具短翅(chi)或無翅(chi)。

松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)最明顯的(de)(de)特征(zheng)是(shi)葉(xie)成(cheng)針(zhen)(zhen)狀，常2針(zhen)(zhen)、3針(zhen)(zhen)或5針(zhen)(zhen)一束(shu)(shu)。如油松(song)(song)(song)(song)、馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)、黃山松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)2針(zhen)(zhen)一束(shu)(shu)，白皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)3針(zhen)(zhen)一束(shu)(shu)，紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)、五針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)5針(zhen)(zhen)一束(shu)(shu)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)為雌(ci)(ci)(ci)雄同株植物，而且孢(bao)子葉(xie)成(cheng)球(qiu)(qiu)果(guo)狀排列，形(xing)成(cheng)雌(ci)(ci)(ci)、雄球(qiu)(qiu)花。雌(ci)(ci)(ci)球(qiu)(qiu)花單個或2一4個著生(sheng)于(yu)新枝頂端，雄球(qiu)(qiu)花多數聚集于(yu)新枝下部(bu)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)花一般于(yu)春夏(xia)季開放，但花粉(fen)傳到雌(ci)(ci)(ci)球(qiu)(qiu)花上后，要到第二年(nian)初夏(xia)才萌發(fa)，使雌(ci)(ci)(ci)花受精(jing)，發(fa)育成(cheng)球(qiu)(qiu)果(guo)（俗稱松(song)(song)(song)(song)塔或松(song)(song)(song)(song)球(qiu)(qiu)，不是(shi)果(guo)實(shi)）。球(qiu)(qiu)果(guo)于(yu)秋后成(cheng)熟，種鱗(lin)張開，每(mei)個種鱗(lin)具兩粒種子。

松(song)屬植物中的(de)(de)(de)多數(shu)種(zhong)類是高大(da)挺拔的(de)(de)(de)喬木，而且材(cai)質好，不乏(fa)棟梁之材(cai)。中國(guo)(guo)東北的(de)(de)(de)“木材(cai)之王”——紅松(song)、北美西(xi)部(bu)廣(guang)為分布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)高大(da)樹種(zhong)（高達75米(mi)）—西(xi)黃松(song)、原產于(yu)(yu)美國(guo)(guo)加(jia)州(zhou)沿海生(sheng)長速(su)度最快的(de)(de)(de)松(song)樹——輻(fu)射松(song)、原產于(yu)(yu)美國(guo)(guo)東南部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)濕地松(song)、美洲加(jia)勒比海地區原產的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)勒比松(song)、廣(guang)布(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)歐亞(ya)大(da)陸(lu)西(xi)部(bu)和北部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)歐洲赤松(song)等(deng)等(deng)，都(dou)是著名的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)材(cai)樹種(zhong)。

松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)觀賞價值也是(shi)有目共睹的(de)(de)(de)。在中國，從(cong)皇(huang)家古典(dian)園林到現代居民家中都能見到松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)倩影，例如(ru)北(bei)京北(bei)海、頤和園中的(de)(de)(de)油(you)松(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)，樹(shu)(shu)樁盆景(jing)中廣泛使用的(de)(de)(de)五針松(song)(song)等，一(yi)些(xie)名山勝地，更是(shi)山以(yi)松(song)(song)壯勢、松(song)(song)以(yi)山出名。黃山的(de)(de)(de)迎客松(song)(song)、華山的(de)(de)(de)華山松(song)(song)、長(chang)(chang)白山的(de)(de)(de)美人(ren)松(song)(song)……無一(yi)不令游人(ren)贊(zan)嘆(tan)。另外，松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)根(gen)部(bu)位常(chang)常(chang)會(hui)有大型真(zhen)菌生長(chang)(chang)。它們有的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)木腐菌，可以(yi)對松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)進行分(fen)解，造成樹(shu)(shu)木根(gen)腐；有的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)外生菌根(gen)菌，可以(yi)與松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)互換營養，防(fang)止樹(shu)(shu)木營養缺乏，從(cong)而導致影響生長(chang)(chang)。成熟后高達(da)45米，胸徑1.5米；樹(shu)(shu)皮紅褐色(se)，下部(bu)灰(hui)褐色(se)，裂成不規則的(de)(de)(de)鱗狀塊片；枝平展(zhan)或(huo)(huo)斜展(zhan)，樹(shu)(shu)冠寬塔形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)傘形(xing)(xing)，枝條每年生長(chang)(chang)一(yi)輪，但在廣東(dong)南部(bu)則通常(chang)生長(chang)(chang)兩輪，淡黃褐色(se)，無白粉(fen)，稀有白粉(fen)，無毛；冬芽卵狀圓(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)圓(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)，褐色(se)，頂端(duan)尖(jian)，芽鱗邊(bian)緣(yuan)絲狀，先端(duan)尖(jian)或(huo)(huo)成漸尖(jian)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)尖(jian)頭，微(wei)反(fan)曲。

繁殖方式

松(song)(song)樹的(de)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)繁(fan)育(yu)(yu)主要采用種子育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)或(huo)者用枝條(tiao)進行扦(qian)插，此外(wai)，另有由我國研(yan)究人員創立的(de)直接用松(song)(song)樹的(de)針(zhen)(zhen)葉束進行無性(xing)系，苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)繁(fan)育(yu)(yu)的(de)方法，即(ji)：針(zhen)(zhen)葉束育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)。

價值及其他

觀賞

松(song)(song)樹除經濟用途外，由于其(qi)樹姿(zi)雄偉(wei)、蒼勁，樹體高大、長壽，還具(ju)有重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)賞價值。它是中國很多風(feng)景(jing)區的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)景(jing)觀(guan)成(cheng)分。如(ru)遼(liao)寧千山(shan)、山(shan)東泰山(shan)、江西廬山(shan)都以(yi)松(song)(song)樹景(jing)色(se)而馳名。尤其(qi)是安徽的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)山(shan)，松(song)(song)、云、石號稱“三絕”，而以(yi)松(song)(song)為首。各(ge)地不少古(gu)松(song)(song)與中國悠久的(de)(de)(de)歷史文化有密切聯(lian)系(xi)。如(ru)北京北海(hai)團(tuan)城有一株800年生的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)松(song)(song)，傳說(shuo)曾被(bei)清乾隆封(feng)為“遮陰侯”；泰山(shan)“五(wu)大夫松(song)(song)”傳說(shuo)是秦始(shi)皇登山(shan)在此避雨而被(bei)封(feng)以(yi)官(guan)爵的(de)(de)(de)。中國人民(min)把松(song)(song)樹作為堅定、貞潔(jie)、長壽的(de)(de)(de)象征(zheng)。松(song)(song)、竹、梅世(shi)稱“歲寒三友(you)”，喻不畏逆(ni)境、戰勝(sheng)困難的(de)(de)(de)堅韌(ren)精神。

工業

按照結(jie)構(gou)特(te)征(zheng)和(he)(he)材(cai)性，一般將松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)分(fen)為軟木(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)和(he)(he)硬木(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。軟木(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)（即(ji)(ji)單(dan)維管(guan)束亞屬）比較(jiao)(jiao)輕軟，紋理均勻，強(qiang)度(du)小(xiao)，加工(gong)容易，早(zao)材(cai)至(zhi)晚材(cai)漸變，少翅裂。硬木(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)（即(ji)(ji)雙維管(guan)束亞屬）比較(jiao)(jiao)重硬，紋理不均勻，強(qiang)度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)大，加工(gong)較(jiao)(jiao)難，早(zao)材(cai)至(zhi)晚材(cai)急變，松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)脂(zhi)含量高。但(dan)屬于軟木(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)中的海南五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)和(he)(he)華(hua)南五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)在強(qiang)度(du)和(he)(he)容重上接近于硬木(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)木(mu)材(cai)可(ke)供建筑、電桿、枕(zhen)木(mu)、礦(kuang)柱、橋梁、農具(ju)(ju)、器具(ju)(ju)、家具(ju)(ju)等多種(zhong)用途。各(ge)種(zhong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)木(mu)的纖維素(su)含量約(yue)為50～60%，木(mu)質(zhi)素(su)為25～30%，為制漿(jiang)造紙(zhi)工(gong)業重要(yao)的原料之一。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)也可(ke)用作薪(xin)炭材(cai)。

從松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)干割(ge)取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)脂(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)以提(ti)取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)香和(he)松(song)(song)(song)節油。松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)子富(fu)含蛋(dan)白質(zhi)和(he)油脂(zhi)(zhi)，含油量都在(zai)30%以上，其中具食用(yong)價值的(de)(de)有20種(zhong)，如產于中國的(de)(de)有紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)(song)等(deng)。紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)種(zhong)子還可(ke)(ke)入(ru)藥(yao)，藥(yao)名“海松(song)(song)(song)子”，是一(yi)種(zhong)滋養(yang)強壯劑。松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)、種(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)富(fu)含單寧，可(ke)(ke)浸水提(ti)取(qu)栲膠。樹(shu)(shu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)經粉(fen)碎后，與其他原料(liao)混合，加(jia)(jia)壓可(ke)(ke)制(zhi)成硬(ying)纖維(wei)板。此(ci)外還可(ke)(ke)從松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)針(zhen)葉(xie)中提(ti)取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)揮發(fa)油。針(zhen)葉(xie)中含有較豐富(fu)的(de)(de)胡蘿卜素(su)、維(wei)生素(su)、脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)、蛋(dan)白質(zhi)以及鈣、磷等(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)礦質(zhi)元素(su)，可(ke)(ke)加(jia)(jia)工成飼料(liao)添加(jia)(jia)劑，用(yong)來飼養(yang)家(jia)禽、家(jia)畜(chu)。利用(yong)松(song)(song)(song)枝、松(song)(song)(song)根(gen)(gen)在(zai)窯內進(jin)行不完全的(de)(de)燃燒，可(ke)(ke)制(zhi)得松(song)(song)(song)煙（見木材(cai)干餾），用(yong)于制(zhi)造墨、油墨和(he)黑色(se)涂料(liao)。松(song)(song)(song)枝和(he)松(song)(song)(song)根(gen)(gen)還是培養(yang)名貴藥(yao)材(cai)茯苓的(de)(de)原料(liao)。

綜(zong)上所述(shu)，松針(zhen)以其鮮為人(ren)知的驚人(ren)功效(xiao)和覆(fu)蓋全國(guo)的豐富資源，必將成保(bao)健產業(ye)革(ge)命(ming)的標(biao)志性產品。

馬尾松(song)的葉——松(song)針有極大的藥(yao)用價(jia)值，最早(zao)由孫思邈(miao)發現，主要是清除人體(ti)自由基，可防暈(yun)車，可煨水(shui)、泡酒(jiu)，延年益壽。

藥用

松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)是松(song)(song)樹藥(yao)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)代表部位(wei)，味(wei)苦、無毒(du)、藥(yao)性溫和(he)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)提取物(wu)(wu)(wu)中含有(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)酵素(su)、植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)纖維(wei)(wei)、生(sheng)長激(ji)松(song)(song) 針(zhen)(zhen)素(su)、蛋白質、脂肪(fang)和(he) 2 4種(zhong)氨基酸(suan)，松(song)(song) 針(zhen)(zhen)具 有(you)降血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)中含有(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)β-胡蘿卜素(su)、維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素(su)C、維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素(su)E，這三(san)(san)種(zhong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質被稱(cheng)為(wei)抗氧(yang)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“金三(san)(san)角”，三(san)(san)者共同保(bao)護(hu)人體組織細胞免(mian)受氧(yang)化(hua)，延長細胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命。松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)提取物(wu)(wu)(wu)前(qian)(qian)花青(qing)素(su) (PCA)是一(yi)種(zhong)能力(li)(li)超強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然抗氧(yang)化(hua)劑(ji)，前(qian)(qian)花青(qing)素(su)是世界上迄今為(wei)止文獻記載和(he)實驗(yan)(yan)室發(fa)現最強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然抗氧(yang)化(hua)(抗衰老)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質!它有(you)優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)清除多種(zhong)有(you)害自(zi)由基的(de)(de)(de)(de)功效，與其他植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)抗氧(yang)化(hua)劑(ji)相比，前(qian)(qian)花青(qing)素(su)對超氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)陰(yin)離子自(zi)由基和(he)羥自(zi)由基的(de)(de)(de)(de)清除能力(li)(li)更勝一(yi)籌；松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)精(jing)油和(he)松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)黃酮(tong)有(you)獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)水溶(rong)性，能和(he)松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)所(suo)含的(de)(de)(de)(de)不飽和(he)脂肪(fang)酸(suan)透過血(xue)(xue)管(guan)壁進入血(xue)(xue)液(ye)：通過增加膽汁分泌，減少膽固醇的(de)(de)(de)(de)積累(lei)，通過清除膽固醇，預防動脈(mo)硬化(hua)、擴張末梢血(xue)(xue)管(guan)、改(gai)善紅細胞攜氧(yang)能力(li)(li)，促進人的(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)液(ye)循環(huan)。人類心(xin)腦(nao)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾大癥狀：心(xin)絞痛、心(xin)悸、喘息、浮腫、暈眩、呼(hu)吸(xi)困難，飲用松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)茶后，都得(de)到了改(gai)善多種(zhong)實驗(yan)(yan)證明。