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生長與分布

分布范圍

由(you)于原產(chan)地地理分布(bu)的(de)差異，在原產(chan)中(zhong)國的(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)中(zhong)，樟子松(song)(song)(song)(song)、新疆五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)(song)最耐寒，對(dui)熱(re)量要(yao)求(qiu)最低(di)。紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)對(dui)熱(re)量要(yao)求(qiu)也較低(di)。赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)、油(you)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、白(bai)皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)、高(gao)山松(song)(song)(song)(song)、黃山松(song)(song)(song)(song)、巴(ba)山松(song)(song)(song)(song)為(wei)暖溫帶和(he)亞熱(re)帶高(gao)海拔地區樹(shu)種，對(dui)熱(re)量要(yao)求(qiu)中(zhong)等。馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)、云南松(song)(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)(song)和(he)思(si)茅松(song)(song)(song)(song)分布(bu)于更靠南的(de)地區，要(yao)求(qiu)較高(gao)的(de)熱(re)量。

南亞松(song)(song)(song)(song)是熱帶松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹，對熱量的(de)要求(qiu)最高。對濕(shi)潤條件的(de)要求(qiu)，五針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)一般高于二(er)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，但也因種而(er)異(yi)。例如同(tong)為五針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)和華(hua)山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，前者(zhe)比后者(zhe)要求(qiu)更濕(shi)潤的(de)條件；同(tong)為二(er)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)和馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)對濕(shi)潤狀況的(de)要求(qiu)高于油松(song)(song)(song)(song)和云南松(song)(song)(song)(song)。這與地理分布上隨(sui)經度而(er)發(fa)生的(de)替代現象有關。

生長環境

土壤要求

松(song)樹(shu)(shu)本(ben)身適(shi)應力較強(qiang)，因而能夠在(zai)(zai)各種(zhong)類型(xing)土壤(rang)中生(sheng)(sheng)長，但土壤(rang)仍會對(dui)(dui)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)態(tai)勢產生(sheng)(sheng)直接的(de)影響，所以應盡量選(xuan)擇肥(fei)沃土壤(rang)區域(yu)種(zhong)植(zhi)，才能夠保(bao)證松(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)健康生(sheng)(sheng)長。如果是水分相對(dui)(dui)充足的(de)區域(yu)，盡可(ke)能選(xuan)擇酸性(xing)土壤(rang)種(zhong)植(zhi)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)，但仍存在(zai)(zai)部分品(pin)種(zhong)更適(shi)宜種(zhong)植(zhi)在(zai)(zai)堿性(xing)土壤(rang)中。

耐陰性

絕大多數松(song)樹(shu)喜歡光照(zhao)，其(qi)外形(xing)具(ju)體表現在樹(shu)冠分(fen)布稀(xi)疏(shu)，自然整枝能力極強，所(suo)以在生理方面，其(qi)補償點就(jiu)不會(hui)與(yu)其(qi)他樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高度相同。在成(cheng)林(lin)過程當中(zhong)，通常都(dou)(dou)會(hui)形(xing)成(cheng)先鋒樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。一(yi)旦(dan)原始(shi)森(sen)林(lin)受到外力傷害，先鋒樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)會(hui)迅速發(fa)展，替代(dai)原有樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)位置，但其(qi)自身的(de)穩定性并不理想(xiang)。若(ruo)松(song)樹(shu)能夠形(xing)成(cheng)特(te)(te)定環境，耐陰(yin)性較強且長壽的(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)會(hui)替代(dai)，最終使其(qi)喪失自身獨(du)特(te)(te)優勢(shi)。對于(yu)松(song)樹(shu)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而言，大部(bu)分(fen)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)能夠互(hu)相進行替代(dai)，特(te)(te)別是耐陰(yin)性理想(xiang)的(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，優勢(shi)顯著(zhu)。

抗旱性

在(zai)(zai)松樹生長(chang)的(de)(de)整個過(guo)程中，其(qi)抗旱性能(neng)極強(qiang)，受其(qi)抗旱結構的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，這種類(lei)型的(de)(de)松樹，其(qi)葉(xie)子狹窄而且角質層較為發達，葉(xie)片表(biao)面積與體積都(dou)(dou)相對較小(xiao)，而且氣(qi)孔(kong)通常都(dou)(dou)會出現下陷情況。但(dan)是，在(zai)(zai)組織發育(yu)方(fang)面相對理想，站在(zai)(zai)生理角度(du)(du)分析，耐寒性與耐旱性很強(qiang)，所以并不會受到(dao)缺水影響(xiang)而受到(dao)損傷。而站在(zai)(zai)生態角度(du)(du)分析，松樹屬于最常見(jian)的(de)(de)一種旱生植物(wu)，，即便氣(qi)候條件差(cha)異較大的(de)(de)區域(yu)，同樣能(neng)夠使松樹健康地生存(cun)”。絕大多數松樹都(dou)(dou)在(zai)(zai)干旱條件且土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)稀(xi)薄區域(yu)生長(chang)，其(qi)中，二針(zhen)松與五針(zhen)松相比，其(qi)抗旱能(neng)力更(geng)強(qiang)。由(you)此可見(jian)，若土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)當中的(de)(de)含水量過(guo)大，會嚴重影響(xiang)松樹的(de)(de)正常生長(chang)。

生長氣候

松(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)原產地(di)分布具有(you)(you)顯著的(de)(de)(de)不同之處，一(yi)般情況下，樟子松(song)與(yu)五針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)等具有(you)(you)極強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)耐寒(han)性，所以在(zai)(zai)(zai)種植方(fang)(fang)面(mian)對(dui)于熱量要(yao)(yao)求并(bing)不高(gao)。而油松(song)、白皮松(song)與(yu)赤松(song)等屬于暖(nuan)溫帶與(yu)亞熱帶高(gao)海拔區域所特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)種，因(yin)而對(dui)于熱量的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求要(yao)(yao)遠遠高(gao)于五針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)。馬(ma)尾(wei)(wei)松(song)、喬松(song)以及云南(nan)松(song)等主要(yao)(yao)分布于南(nan)方(fang)(fang)區域，其對(dui)于熱量要(yao)(yao)求會更(geng)高(gao)-一(yi)些。而南(nan)亞松(song)在(zai)(zai)(zai)所有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)松(song)樹(shu)樹(shu)種當中(zhong)，其對(dui)于熱量要(yao)(yao)求最高(gao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)濕(shi)(shi)潤條件(jian)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，五針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)和(he)二(er)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)相比(bi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)濕(shi)(shi)度方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求更(geng)高(gao)，但同樣(yang)與(yu)樹(shu)種存在(zai)(zai)(zai)緊密的(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)系(xi)。雖然華山松(song)與(yu)紅(hong)(hong)松(song)都是(shi)五針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)種，但濕(shi)(shi)度要(yao)(yao)求卻存在(zai)(zai)(zai)不同之處，紅(hong)(hong)松(song)所需濕(shi)(shi)度更(geng)高(gao)。另外，五尾(wei)(wei)松(song)與(yu)赤松(song)都是(shi)二(er)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)濕(shi)(shi)潤條件(jian)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)需求仍然不同，與(yu)植物(wu)分布的(de)(de)(de)地(di)理(li)位置也存在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)關聯(lian)。

形態及特征

松樹(shu)較(jiao)幼時的樹(shu)冠呈金(jin)字塔(ta)形，樹(shu)枝(zhi)多呈輪狀(zhuang)著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)。幼苗出(chu)土、子葉(xie)展開以后，首先著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)的為初生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)，單生(sheng)(sheng)，螺旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)排列(lie)，線狀(zhuang)披針形，葉(xie)緣具齒。初生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)行使葉(xie)的功(gong)能(neng)1～3年(nian)后，才出(chu)現針葉(xie)，通常2、3、5枚成(cheng)束(shu)，著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)于短枝(zhi)的頂端。每(mei)束(shu)針葉(xie)基部有葉(xie)鞘(qiao)，早(zao)期脫落(luo)或宿存。葉(xie)肉(rou)組織中的樹(shu)脂道的位置在成(cheng)年(nian)植株(zhu)比較(jiao)恒定，可分為外生(sheng)(sheng)、中生(sheng)(sheng)、內生(sheng)(sheng)3種類型。

松(song)樹(shu)針葉橫(heng)切面(mian)中(zhong)可見1或2個維管束(shu)，特殊(shu)環境下可在雙維管束(shu)松(song)樹(shu)中(zhong)出現維管束(shu)合并的(de)(de)情況。球花(hua)單性，雌(ci)雄同株。球果多數由(you)種(zhong)鱗(lin)組成(cheng)，成(cheng)熟(shu)后(hou)木質化。種(zhong)鱗(lin)的(de)(de)裸露增厚(hou)部分稱(cheng)鱗(lin)盾，鱗(lin)盾先端(duan)的(de)(de)瘤狀突(tu)起稱(cheng)鱗(lin)臍。有的(de)(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)鱗(lin)臍具刺，有的(de)(de)無。球果成(cheng)熟(shu)時種(zhong)鱗(lin)張開，種(zhong)子脫落(luo)；但(dan)少(shao)數樹(shu)種(zhong)種(zhong)鱗(lin)則(ze)長期保持關閉(bi)狀態(tai)。每個種(zhong)鱗(lin)具種(zhong)子2粒，種(zhong)子上部具一(yi)長翅(chi)，少(shao)數具短翅(chi)或無翅(chi)。

松(song)樹(shu)最明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)特征是(shi)葉(xie)成針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)狀，常2針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、3針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)或5針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束(shu)。如油松(song)、馬尾松(song)、黃山松(song)的(de)葉(xie)2針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束(shu)，白皮松(song)的(de)葉(xie)3針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束(shu)，紅(hong)松(song)、華山松(song)、五針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)的(de)葉(xie)5針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束(shu)。松(song)樹(shu)為雌(ci)雄同(tong)株(zhu)植物，而且(qie)孢子葉(xie)成球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)果(guo)狀排列，形成雌(ci)、雄球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)。雌(ci)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)單個(ge)或2一(yi)(yi)4個(ge)著(zhu)生于新枝頂(ding)端，雄球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)多數(shu)聚集于新枝下(xia)部。松(song)樹(shu)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)一(yi)(yi)般于春(chun)夏季開放，但花(hua)粉傳到(dao)雌(ci)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)上后，要到(dao)第二年初夏才(cai)萌發，使雌(ci)花(hua)受精(jing)，發育(yu)成球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)果(guo)（俗(su)稱(cheng)松(song)塔或松(song)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，不是(shi)果(guo)實）。球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)果(guo)于秋后成熟，種(zhong)鱗張開，每個(ge)種(zhong)鱗具兩(liang)粒種(zhong)子。

松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)屬植物中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)多(duo)數種類是高(gao)(gao)大挺拔的(de)(de)喬木(mu)，而且材(cai)質好，不(bu)乏棟梁之(zhi)材(cai)。中(zhong)(zhong)國東北的(de)(de)“木(mu)材(cai)之(zhi)王”——紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、北美(mei)西部(bu)廣為分布的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)大樹(shu)種（高(gao)(gao)達(da)75米）—西黃松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、原(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)(chan)于(yu)美(mei)國加(jia)州沿海生長(chang)速度最快(kuai)的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)——輻射(she)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、原(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)(chan)于(yu)美(mei)國東南部(bu)的(de)(de)濕地(di)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、美(mei)洲加(jia)勒比(bi)海地(di)區原(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)加(jia)勒比(bi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、廣布于(yu)歐亞大陸西部(bu)和(he)北部(bu)的(de)(de)歐洲赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等等，都是著名的(de)(de)用材(cai)樹(shu)種。

松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)觀賞(shang)價值也是有目共睹的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)中國，從皇(huang)家古典園林(lin)到現(xian)代居民家中都能見到松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)倩影，例如北京北海、頤和園中的(de)(de)(de)油松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、白(bai)皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樁盆景中廣(guang)泛(fan)使用的(de)(de)(de)五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等，一(yi)些名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勝地，更是山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)壯(zhuang)勢、松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)出名。黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)迎客松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、長(chang)(chang)白(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)美人(ren)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)……無一(yi)不令游人(ren)贊嘆。另外，松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)根部(bu)(bu)位常常會有大(da)型真菌生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。它們有的(de)(de)(de)是木(mu)腐(fu)菌，可(ke)以對松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)進行分(fen)解，造成樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)根腐(fu)；有的(de)(de)(de)是外生(sheng)菌根菌，可(ke)以與(yu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)互換(huan)營(ying)養，防止樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)營(ying)養缺乏(fa)，從而導致影響生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。成熟后高達45米，胸徑1.5米；樹(shu)(shu)(shu)皮(pi)紅褐(he)色，下部(bu)(bu)灰(hui)褐(he)色，裂成不規則的(de)(de)(de)鱗狀(zhuang)塊片(pian)；枝平(ping)展或(huo)斜(xie)展，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠寬(kuan)塔形(xing)或(huo)傘(san)形(xing)，枝條每(mei)年生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)一(yi)輪，但(dan)在(zai)廣(guang)東南部(bu)(bu)則通常生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)兩輪，淡黃褐(he)色，無白(bai)粉(fen)，稀(xi)有白(bai)粉(fen)，無毛；冬芽(ya)卵狀(zhuang)圓柱形(xing)或(huo)圓柱形(xing)，褐(he)色，頂(ding)端尖(jian)(jian)，芽(ya)鱗邊緣絲狀(zhuang)，先端尖(jian)(jian)或(huo)成漸(jian)尖(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)尖(jian)(jian)頭，微(wei)反曲。

繁殖方式

松(song)樹(shu)的苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)繁育主要采(cai)用(yong)種子育苗(miao)或(huo)者(zhe)用(yong)枝條進行扦插，此外，另(ling)有由我(wo)國(guo)研(yan)究人員創立的直(zhi)接用(yong)松(song)樹(shu)的針葉束(shu)進行無性系，苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)繁育的方法，即：針葉束(shu)育苗(miao)。

價值及其他

觀賞

松(song)(song)樹(shu)除經濟(ji)用途外，由于其樹(shu)姿雄偉、蒼勁，樹(shu)體高大、長壽，還具有(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)賞價值。它是(shi)中國(guo)很多風景區的(de)(de)(de)重要景觀(guan)成分。如(ru)遼寧千山、山東泰山、江西廬(lu)山都以(yi)(yi)松(song)(song)樹(shu)景色(se)而馳名。尤其是(shi)安徽的(de)(de)(de)黃山，松(song)(song)、云、石號稱“三絕(jue)”，而以(yi)(yi)松(song)(song)為(wei)首。各地不少古松(song)(song)與中國(guo)悠久的(de)(de)(de)歷史文化有(you)密切聯系。如(ru)北京北海團城有(you)一株800年生的(de)(de)(de)古松(song)(song)，傳說曾(ceng)被(bei)(bei)清乾隆封為(wei)“遮陰(yin)侯”；泰山“五(wu)大夫(fu)松(song)(song)”傳說是(shi)秦始(shi)皇登山在此避雨而被(bei)(bei)封以(yi)(yi)官(guan)爵的(de)(de)(de)。中國(guo)人民把松(song)(song)樹(shu)作為(wei)堅(jian)定、貞潔、長壽的(de)(de)(de)象征(zheng)。松(song)(song)、竹、梅世稱“歲寒三友(you)”，喻不畏逆境、戰勝(sheng)困難的(de)(de)(de)堅(jian)韌精(jing)神。

工業

按照結構特征(zheng)和(he)材(cai)性，一般(ban)將松(song)(song)樹(shu)分為(wei)(wei)軟木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)和(he)硬木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)。軟木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)（即單維(wei)管束亞(ya)屬(shu)）比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輕軟，紋理均勻，強度(du)小，加工容(rong)易，早(zao)(zao)材(cai)至晚材(cai)漸(jian)變，少翅裂。硬木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)（即雙維(wei)管束亞(ya)屬(shu)）比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重硬，紋理不均勻，強度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，加工較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)難(nan)，早(zao)(zao)材(cai)至晚材(cai)急變，松(song)(song)脂含量(liang)(liang)高。但(dan)屬(shu)于軟木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)中(zhong)的海(hai)南五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)和(he)華(hua)南五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)在強度(du)和(he)容(rong)重上接近于硬木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)。松(song)(song)樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)可供(gong)建筑、電桿、枕木(mu)(mu)(mu)、礦柱、橋梁、農具、器具、家具等多(duo)種(zhong)用途。各種(zhong)松(song)(song)木(mu)(mu)(mu)的纖(xian)維(wei)素(su)含量(liang)(liang)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)50～60%，木(mu)(mu)(mu)質素(su)為(wei)(wei)25～30%，為(wei)(wei)制(zhi)漿造(zao)紙工業重要的原料(liao)之一。松(song)(song)樹(shu)也可用作薪(xin)炭材(cai)。

從松(song)(song)(song)樹樹干(gan)割取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)脂可以提(ti)(ti)取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)香(xiang)和松(song)(song)(song)節油(you)(you)。松(song)(song)(song)樹種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)富(fu)含蛋(dan)白質(zhi)和油(you)(you)脂，含油(you)(you)量都(dou)在30%以上(shang)，其中具(ju)食用(yong)價值的(de)有(you)20種(zhong)(zhong)，如(ru)產于(yu)(yu)中國(guo)的(de)有(you)紅松(song)(song)(song)、偃(yan)松(song)(song)(song)、華(hua)山松(song)(song)(song)等。紅松(song)(song)(song)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)還可入藥，藥名(ming)“海松(song)(song)(song)子(zi)”，是一種(zhong)(zhong)滋養強壯劑。松(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)樹皮、種(zhong)(zhong)皮富(fu)含單寧，可浸水提(ti)(ti)取(qu)栲(kao)膠。樹皮經粉碎后，與其他(ta)原料(liao)混合(he)，加壓可制(zhi)成(cheng)硬纖維(wei)(wei)板(ban)。此(ci)外還可從松(song)(song)(song)樹針(zhen)葉(xie)中提(ti)(ti)取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)揮發油(you)(you)。針(zhen)葉(xie)中含有(you)較(jiao)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)胡(hu)蘿(luo)卜(bu)素、維(wei)(wei)生素、脂肪、蛋(dan)白質(zhi)以及鈣、磷(lin)等多種(zhong)(zhong)礦(kuang)質(zhi)元素，可加工成(cheng)飼料(liao)添(tian)加劑，用(yong)來飼養家禽、家畜。利用(yong)松(song)(song)(song)枝、松(song)(song)(song)根(gen)在窯內(nei)進行(xing)不完全的(de)燃燒，可制(zhi)得(de)松(song)(song)(song)煙（見木材(cai)干(gan)餾），用(yong)于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)造(zao)墨、油(you)(you)墨和黑色涂料(liao)。松(song)(song)(song)枝和松(song)(song)(song)根(gen)還是培養名(ming)貴藥材(cai)茯(fu)苓的(de)原料(liao)。

綜上(shang)所(suo)述，松針以其鮮為人(ren)知(zhi)的驚人(ren)功效和覆蓋全國的豐(feng)富資源，必將成保健(jian)產業革命的標志性產品。

馬(ma)尾松(song)的(de)葉——松(song)針有極(ji)大的(de)藥用(yong)價值，最(zui)早(zao)由孫思邈發現(xian)，主要是清除人體自由基，可(ke)防暈(yun)車，可(ke)煨(wei)水、泡酒，延年益(yi)壽。

藥用

松(song)針是松(song)樹藥(yao)(yao)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)代表部位，味(wei)苦、無毒(du)、藥(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)溫和(he)(he)(he)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提取物(wu)(wu)中含(han)有植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)酵(jiao)素(su)、植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)纖維(wei)、生長激(ji)松(song) 針素(su)、蛋白質、脂肪和(he)(he)(he) 2 4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)，松(song) 針具 有降血(xue)(xue)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。松(song)針中含(han)有豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)β-胡蘿卜(bu)素(su)、維(wei)生素(su)C、維(wei)生素(su)E，這三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)質被(bei)稱為抗氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“金三(san)角”，三(san)者(zhe)共(gong)同保(bao)護人體(ti)組(zu)織細胞(bao)(bao)免受氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，延長細胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命。松(song)針提取物(wu)(wu)前(qian)花青素(su) (PCA)是一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能力超強的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然抗氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)，前(qian)花青素(su)是世界上迄(qi)今為止文獻記載和(he)(he)(he)實驗室(shi)發現最(zui)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然抗氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(抗衰老)物(wu)(wu)質!它(ta)有優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)除多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有害自(zi)由(you)基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功效，與其他植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)抗氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)相比，前(qian)花青素(su)對超氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)陰離子自(zi)由(you)基(ji)和(he)(he)(he)羥(qian)自(zi)由(you)基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)除能力更(geng)勝一籌；松(song)針精油和(he)(he)(he)松(song)針黃(huang)酮有獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)水溶性(xing)(xing)，能和(he)(he)(he)松(song)針所含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不飽和(he)(he)(he)脂肪酸(suan)透(tou)過(guo)(guo)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)壁進(jin)入血(xue)(xue)液(ye)：通(tong)過(guo)(guo)增加膽汁分泌，減少膽固醇的(de)(de)(de)(de)積累，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)清(qing)除膽固醇，預防動脈硬化(hua)(hua)(hua)、擴(kuo)張末梢血(xue)(xue)管(guan)、改善(shan)紅細胞(bao)(bao)攜氧(yang)(yang)能力，促進(jin)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)液(ye)循(xun)環(huan)。人類心腦血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾大癥狀：心絞痛、心悸、喘息、浮腫、暈眩、呼吸困難，飲用松(song)針茶后，都得(de)到了改善(shan)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)實驗證(zheng)明(ming)。