由于原產(chan)地(di)地(di)理分(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)差異,在原產(chan)中國的(de)松(song)(song)樹(shu)中,樟(zhang)子松(song)(song)、新疆五針松(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)最耐寒,對(dui)熱(re)(re)量(liang)要求最低(di)。紅松(song)(song)對(dui)熱(re)(re)量(liang)要求也較(jiao)低(di)。赤松(song)(song)、油松(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)、華山(shan)松(song)(song)、高山(shan)松(song)(song)、黃山(shan)松(song)(song)、巴(ba)山(shan)松(song)(song)為(wei)暖溫(wen)帶和亞熱(re)(re)帶高海(hai)拔地(di)區樹(shu)種(zhong),對(dui)熱(re)(re)量(liang)要求中等。馬尾松(song)(song)、云(yun)南松(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)和思茅松(song)(song)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于更(geng)靠南的(de)地(di)區,要求較(jiao)高的(de)熱(re)(re)量(liang)。
南(nan)亞松(song)(song)(song)是熱帶松(song)(song)(song)樹,對熱量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)最高(gao)(gao)。對濕潤條件的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)一(yi)般高(gao)(gao)于二(er)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song),但也因(yin)種而異。例如同為五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)紅松(song)(song)(song)和(he)(he)華山松(song)(song)(song),前(qian)者比(bi)后者要(yao)求(qiu)更濕潤的(de)(de)(de)條件;同為二(er)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)和(he)(he)馬尾松(song)(song)(song)對濕潤狀(zhuang)況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)高(gao)(gao)于油松(song)(song)(song)和(he)(he)云南(nan)松(song)(song)(song)。這與地(di)理分布上隨經度(du)而發生的(de)(de)(de)替代現象有關。
土壤要求
松(song)樹(shu)(shu)本(ben)身(shen)適應力較強,因(yin)而能(neng)(neng)夠在(zai)各種類型(xing)土壤中生(sheng)(sheng)長,但(dan)土壤仍會對松(song)樹(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)態(tai)勢(shi)產生(sheng)(sheng)直接的(de)影響(xiang),所以應盡量(liang)選擇肥沃土壤區(qu)域(yu)種植(zhi),才能(neng)(neng)夠保證松(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)健康(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)長。如果是水分(fen)相對充足的(de)區(qu)域(yu),盡可能(neng)(neng)選擇酸性(xing)土壤種植(zhi)松(song)樹(shu)(shu),但(dan)仍存在(zai)部分(fen)品種更適宜種植(zhi)在(zai)堿性(xing)土壤中。
耐陰性
絕大多數松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)喜歡光(guang)照,其外(wai)形具體表(biao)現在樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠分布稀疏(shu),自(zi)然整(zheng)枝(zhi)能(neng)力極強,所以在生理方面,其補(bu)償點(dian)就(jiu)不會與其他樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)度相同。在成(cheng)林(lin)過程當中,通常都(dou)會形成(cheng)先鋒樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)。一旦原始森林(lin)受到外(wai)力傷害(hai),先鋒樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)會迅速發展(zhan),替(ti)(ti)代原有樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)位置(zhi),但其自(zi)身的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性并不理想。若松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)能(neng)夠形成(cheng)特定(ding)環境,耐(nai)陰(yin)性較(jiao)強且長壽(shou)的(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)會替(ti)(ti)代,最終(zhong)使其喪失(shi)自(zi)身獨特優勢(shi)(shi)。對于松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)而言(yan),大部分樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)能(neng)夠互相進(jin)行(xing)替(ti)(ti)代,特別是耐(nai)陰(yin)性理想的(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong),優勢(shi)(shi)顯著。
抗旱性
在(zai)松(song)樹(shu)生長(chang)(chang)的整個(ge)過程(cheng)中(zhong),其(qi)(qi)抗(kang)旱(han)性(xing)能(neng)極強(qiang),受(shou)其(qi)(qi)抗(kang)旱(han)結構的影響,這種類(lei)型的松(song)樹(shu),其(qi)(qi)葉子狹窄而且(qie)角(jiao)(jiao)質(zhi)層較(jiao)為發(fa)達,葉片表面積與體積都(dou)相對較(jiao)小,而且(qie)氣孔通常(chang)都(dou)會出現(xian)下(xia)陷情(qing)況。但是,在(zai)組織(zhi)發(fa)育方面相對理(li)(li)想,站在(zai)生理(li)(li)角(jiao)(jiao)度分析,耐(nai)寒性(xing)與耐(nai)旱(han)性(xing)很強(qiang),所以并不(bu)會受(shou)到(dao)(dao)缺水影響而受(shou)到(dao)(dao)損(sun)傷。而站在(zai)生態(tai)角(jiao)(jiao)度分析,松(song)樹(shu)屬于最常(chang)見的一種旱(han)生植物,,即便氣候條件差異較(jiao)大(da)的區域,同樣能(neng)夠(gou)使松(song)樹(shu)健康地生存(cun)”。絕大(da)多數松(song)樹(shu)都(dou)在(zai)干(gan)旱(han)條件且(qie)土(tu)壤稀(xi)薄區域生長(chang)(chang),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong),二(er)針(zhen)松(song)與五針(zhen)松(song)相比,其(qi)(qi)抗(kang)旱(han)能(neng)力更強(qiang)。由此可見,若(ruo)土(tu)壤當(dang)中(zhong)的含水量過大(da),會嚴重影響松(song)樹(shu)的正常(chang)生長(chang)(chang)。
生長氣候
松(song)(song)(song)樹的原(yuan)產(chan)地分布(bu)(bu)具有(you)(you)顯著的不同(tong)之(zhi)處,一(yi)般情(qing)況(kuang)下,樟(zhang)子(zi)松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)等具有(you)(you)極強的耐寒性,所以(yi)在種植(zhi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)熱(re)量要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)并不高。而油松(song)(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)等屬于(yu)(yu)暖(nuan)溫帶(dai)與(yu)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)高海拔區(qu)域所特有(you)(you)的樹種,因(yin)而對(dui)于(yu)(yu)熱(re)量的要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)要遠遠高于(yu)(yu)五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)。馬尾松(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)以(yi)及云南(nan)松(song)(song)(song)等主要分布(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)區(qu)域,其對(dui)于(yu)(yu)熱(re)量要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)會更(geng)高-一(yi)些。而南(nan)亞(ya)松(song)(song)(song)在所有(you)(you)的松(song)(song)(song)樹樹種當中(zhong),其對(dui)于(yu)(yu)熱(re)量要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)最高。在濕潤條件方(fang)(fang)面(mian),五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)和(he)二針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)相比,在濕度方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)更(geng)高,但同(tong)樣與(yu)樹種存在緊密的聯(lian)系。雖然(ran)(ran)華山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)都是(shi)五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)的樹種,但濕度要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)卻存在不同(tong)之(zhi)處,紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)所需濕度更(geng)高。另外,五(wu)尾松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)都是(shi)二針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song),在濕潤條件方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的需求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)仍(reng)然(ran)(ran)不同(tong),與(yu)植(zhi)物分布(bu)(bu)的地理位置也存在一(yi)定的關(guan)聯(lian)。
松(song)樹(shu)較幼時(shi)的(de)樹(shu)冠(guan)呈金字塔形,樹(shu)枝(zhi)(zhi)多呈輪狀著生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。幼苗出(chu)土、子葉(xie)(xie)展開(kai)以(yi)后(hou),首先(xian)著生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)為(wei)初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie),單生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),螺(luo)旋狀排(pai)列,線狀披針形,葉(xie)(xie)緣具齒。初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)行使葉(xie)(xie)的(de)功能1~3年后(hou),才出(chu)現針葉(xie)(xie),通常2、3、5枚(mei)成(cheng)束(shu),著生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于短枝(zhi)(zhi)的(de)頂端。每束(shu)針葉(xie)(xie)基部有(you)葉(xie)(xie)鞘,早期脫(tuo)落或宿存。葉(xie)(xie)肉組(zu)織(zhi)中的(de)樹(shu)脂道(dao)的(de)位置在成(cheng)年植(zhi)株比較恒定,可分為(wei)外生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、中生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、內生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)3種類型。
松樹(shu)針葉(xie)橫切(qie)面中可見1或2個(ge)維(wei)管束(shu)(shu),特殊(shu)環境下可在雙(shuang)維(wei)管束(shu)(shu)松樹(shu)中出現維(wei)管束(shu)(shu)合并的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。球花單性,雌雄同株。球果多數(shu)由種鱗(lin)(lin)組(zu)成,成熟(shu)后(hou)木質化。種鱗(lin)(lin)的(de)裸露增厚部分稱(cheng)鱗(lin)(lin)盾,鱗(lin)(lin)盾先端的(de)瘤狀(zhuang)突起(qi)稱(cheng)鱗(lin)(lin)臍。有(you)的(de)樹(shu)種鱗(lin)(lin)臍具刺,有(you)的(de)無(wu)。球果成熟(shu)時種鱗(lin)(lin)張開,種子脫落;但少(shao)數(shu)樹(shu)種種鱗(lin)(lin)則長(chang)期保持關閉狀(zhuang)態(tai)。每(mei)個(ge)種鱗(lin)(lin)具種子2粒,種子上部具一(yi)長(chang)翅,少(shao)數(shu)具短翅或無(wu)翅。
松(song)樹最明顯的(de)(de)特(te)征(zheng)是葉(xie)成(cheng)針(zhen)(zhen)狀,常2針(zhen)(zhen)、3針(zhen)(zhen)或(huo)5針(zhen)(zhen)一束(shu)。如(ru)油松(song)、馬尾(wei)松(song)、黃山松(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)2針(zhen)(zhen)一束(shu),白皮松(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)3針(zhen)(zhen)一束(shu),紅松(song)、華山松(song)、五針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)5針(zhen)(zhen)一束(shu)。松(song)樹為雌雄同株植(zhi)物,而且孢子(zi)葉(xie)成(cheng)球(qiu)果狀排列,形成(cheng)雌、雄球(qiu)花(hua)。雌球(qiu)花(hua)單(dan)個(ge)或(huo)2一4個(ge)著生于(yu)新枝頂端,雄球(qiu)花(hua)多(duo)數聚集于(yu)新枝下部。松(song)樹的(de)(de)球(qiu)花(hua)一般于(yu)春夏季開放,但花(hua)粉(fen)傳(chuan)到雌球(qiu)花(hua)上后(hou),要到第二(er)年初(chu)夏才萌發(fa),使雌花(hua)受精,發(fa)育成(cheng)球(qiu)果(俗稱(cheng)松(song)塔或(huo)松(song)球(qiu),不是果實)。球(qiu)果于(yu)秋后(hou)成(cheng)熟,種鱗(lin)張開,每個(ge)種鱗(lin)具兩粒種子(zi)。
松(song)屬植物中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)數種(zhong)類是高大挺拔的(de)(de)(de)(de)喬木,而且(qie)材(cai)(cai)質(zhi)好,不乏棟梁之材(cai)(cai)。中(zhong)國東(dong)北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“木材(cai)(cai)之王”——紅松(song)、北(bei)美(mei)西(xi)部廣(guang)為分布的(de)(de)(de)(de)高大樹種(zhong)(高達75米)—西(xi)黃松(song)、原產(chan)于美(mei)國加(jia)州沿海生長速度最快的(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)樹——輻(fu)射(she)松(song)、原產(chan)于美(mei)國東(dong)南部的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)松(song)、美(mei)洲加(jia)勒比海地(di)區(qu)原產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)勒比松(song)、廣(guang)布于歐(ou)亞(ya)大陸西(xi)部和北(bei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)歐(ou)洲赤松(song)等等,都(dou)是著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)材(cai)(cai)樹種(zhong)。
松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)觀賞價值也是(shi)有(you)目共睹的(de)。在中國,從皇(huang)家(jia)古典園(yuan)林到現(xian)代居民家(jia)中都能見(jian)到松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)倩影,例如北(bei)京北(bei)海、頤和(he)園(yuan)中的(de)油松(song)(song)(song)、白(bai)皮松(song)(song)(song),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)樁盆景中廣泛使用(yong)的(de)五針松(song)(song)(song)等,一些名(ming)山(shan)(shan)勝地,更是(shi)山(shan)(shan)以(yi)松(song)(song)(song)壯勢、松(song)(song)(song)以(yi)山(shan)(shan)出名(ming)。黃山(shan)(shan)的(de)迎客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)、華山(shan)(shan)的(de)華山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)、長(chang)白(bai)山(shan)(shan)的(de)美人(ren)(ren)松(song)(song)(song)……無(wu)一不令游人(ren)(ren)贊嘆。另外,松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)根(gen)部(bu)位常(chang)常(chang)會有(you)大型(xing)真菌生(sheng)長(chang)。它們有(you)的(de)是(shi)木(mu)腐菌,可以(yi)對松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進行分解,造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)根(gen)腐;有(you)的(de)是(shi)外生(sheng)菌根(gen)菌,可以(yi)與(yu)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)互換營(ying)養(yang),防止樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)營(ying)養(yang)缺乏,從而導致(zhi)影響生(sheng)長(chang)。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟后高達(da)45米(mi),胸徑(jing)1.5米(mi);樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)皮紅褐(he)色(se)(se),下部(bu)灰褐(he)色(se)(se),裂(lie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不規則的(de)鱗狀(zhuang)塊(kuai)片;枝平展(zhan)或(huo)斜展(zhan),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)寬塔形(xing)或(huo)傘形(xing),枝條每年生(sheng)長(chang)一輪,但在廣東(dong)南部(bu)則通常(chang)生(sheng)長(chang)兩輪,淡黃褐(he)色(se)(se),無(wu)白(bai)粉(fen),稀有(you)白(bai)粉(fen),無(wu)毛;冬芽卵狀(zhuang)圓柱形(xing)或(huo)圓柱形(xing),褐(he)色(se)(se),頂端(duan)尖(jian)(jian),芽鱗邊緣絲狀(zhuang),先端(duan)尖(jian)(jian)或(huo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)漸尖(jian)(jian)的(de)長(chang)尖(jian)(jian)頭,微反曲。
松樹(shu)的(de)(de)苗木繁(fan)育主要采用(yong)種子育苗或者用(yong)枝條進行扦(qian)插,此外(wai),另有(you)由我國研究人員創立(li)的(de)(de)直接用(yong)松樹(shu)的(de)(de)針葉束進行無性系(xi),苗木繁(fan)育的(de)(de)方法,即(ji):針葉束育苗。
松(song)(song)樹除經濟用途外,由于其(qi)樹姿雄(xiong)偉、蒼勁,樹體(ti)高大、長壽,還具有(you)重要的(de)(de)觀賞價值。它(ta)是中(zhong)(zhong)國很多風景(jing)區的(de)(de)重要景(jing)觀成分。如(ru)遼(liao)寧千山(shan)、山(shan)東泰(tai)山(shan)、江(jiang)西廬山(shan)都以松(song)(song)樹景(jing)色而(er)馳名。尤其(qi)是安徽的(de)(de)黃(huang)山(shan),松(song)(song)、云(yun)、石號稱(cheng)“三(san)絕(jue)”,而(er)以松(song)(song)為首(shou)。各地不(bu)(bu)少古松(song)(song)與中(zhong)(zhong)國悠久的(de)(de)歷史文化(hua)有(you)密切聯(lian)系。如(ru)北京北海團城(cheng)有(you)一株800年(nian)生的(de)(de)古松(song)(song),傳(chuan)(chuan)說曾(ceng)被清乾隆封(feng)為“遮陰侯(hou)”;泰(tai)山(shan)“五大夫松(song)(song)”傳(chuan)(chuan)說是秦始皇(huang)登山(shan)在此(ci)避(bi)雨而(er)被封(feng)以官(guan)爵(jue)的(de)(de)。中(zhong)(zhong)國人民把松(song)(song)樹作為堅(jian)定(ding)、貞潔、長壽的(de)(de)象征。松(song)(song)、竹、梅世稱(cheng)“歲(sui)寒三(san)友”,喻(yu)不(bu)(bu)畏逆境、戰(zhan)勝困難的(de)(de)堅(jian)韌精神。
按照結構特(te)征和材(cai)性,一般將松(song)(song)樹(shu)分(fen)為軟木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)和硬木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)。軟木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(即單維(wei)(wei)管束亞屬(shu)(shu))比較(jiao)輕軟,紋理均勻,強度(du)小,加工容易,早材(cai)至晚材(cai)漸變,少翅(chi)裂(lie)。硬木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(即雙維(wei)(wei)管束亞屬(shu)(shu))比較(jiao)重硬,紋理不均勻,強度(du)較(jiao)大,加工較(jiao)難(nan),早材(cai)至晚材(cai)急變,松(song)(song)脂含量高。但屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)軟木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)中的(de)海南(nan)(nan)五針松(song)(song)和華南(nan)(nan)五針松(song)(song)在強度(du)和容重上接近于(yu)硬木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)。松(song)(song)樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)材(cai)可供建筑、電桿、枕木(mu)(mu)、礦柱、橋梁、農(nong)具、器具、家具等(deng)多種(zhong)用途。各(ge)種(zhong)松(song)(song)木(mu)(mu)的(de)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)素含量約為50~60%,木(mu)(mu)質素為25~30%,為制漿造紙工業(ye)重要的(de)原料之一。松(song)(song)樹(shu)也(ye)可用作薪炭材(cai)。
從(cong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹樹干割取松(song)(song)(song)(song)脂(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)以提取松(song)(song)(song)(song)香和(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)節油。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹種子富(fu)含(han)蛋(dan)白(bai)質和(he)油脂(zhi)(zhi),含(han)油量都在(zai)30%以上,其中(zhong)具食用價值的(de)有(you)(you)20種,如產于中(zhong)國的(de)有(you)(you)紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)(deng)。紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)種子還可(ke)入藥(yao),藥(yao)名(ming)“海松(song)(song)(song)(song)子”,是一(yi)種滋養強壯劑(ji)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)樹皮(pi)(pi)、種皮(pi)(pi)富(fu)含(han)單寧,可(ke)浸水提取栲膠。樹皮(pi)(pi)經粉(fen)碎(sui)后(hou),與(yu)其他原料(liao)混合,加壓可(ke)制成硬纖(xian)維板。此外還可(ke)從(cong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹針葉中(zhong)提取松(song)(song)(song)(song)針揮(hui)發油。針葉中(zhong)含(han)有(you)(you)較豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)胡蘿卜素(su)(su)、維生素(su)(su)、脂(zhi)(zhi)肪、蛋(dan)白(bai)質以及鈣、磷(lin)等(deng)(deng)多種礦質元(yuan)素(su)(su),可(ke)加工成飼(si)料(liao)添加劑(ji),用來(lai)飼(si)養家禽、家畜。利用松(song)(song)(song)(song)枝(zhi)、松(song)(song)(song)(song)根在(zai)窯內進行(xing)不完全的(de)燃燒(shao),可(ke)制得松(song)(song)(song)(song)煙(見木材干餾),用于制造(zao)墨、油墨和(he)黑色(se)涂料(liao)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)枝(zhi)和(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)根還是培養名(ming)貴藥(yao)材茯苓的(de)原料(liao)。
綜(zong)上(shang)所(suo)述,松針(zhen)以其(qi)鮮(xian)為人知的驚人功效和(he)覆蓋全國的豐(feng)富資源,必將成保健產業(ye)革命的標志(zhi)性(xing)產品。
馬尾松的(de)葉——松針(zhen)有極(ji)大的(de)藥(yao)用(yong)價值,最早由(you)孫(sun)思邈發現,主要是清除人體自(zi)由(you)基,可(ke)防暈車,可(ke)煨水、泡酒(jiu),延年益壽。
松針(zhen)(zhen)是(shi)松樹藥(yao)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表部位,味苦、無毒、藥(yao)性(xing)溫和(he),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提取物(wu)(wu)中含有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)酵(jiao)素(su)、植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)纖維(wei)、生(sheng)長激松 針(zhen)(zhen)素(su)、蛋白質、脂肪(fang)和(he) 2 4種氨(an)基(ji)酸,松 針(zhen)(zhen)具 有(you)降(jiang)血(xue)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。松針(zhen)(zhen)中含有(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)β-胡蘿卜素(su)、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)C、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)E,這(zhe)三種物(wu)(wu)質被稱為(wei)抗氧(yang)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“金三角”,三者共同保護人(ren)體組織細(xi)胞免受氧(yang)化(hua),延長細(xi)胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命。松針(zhen)(zhen)提取物(wu)(wu)前花(hua)(hua)青素(su) (PCA)是(shi)一(yi)種能力(li)超(chao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然抗氧(yang)化(hua)劑,前花(hua)(hua)青素(su)是(shi)世界上迄(qi)今為(wei)止(zhi)文獻記(ji)載和(he)實驗室發現最強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然抗氧(yang)化(hua)(抗衰老)物(wu)(wu)質!它(ta)有(you)優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清除(chu)多種有(you)害自由(you)基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功效,與其他植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)抗氧(yang)化(hua)劑相比,前花(hua)(hua)青素(su)對超(chao)氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu)陰離(li)子自由(you)基(ji)和(he)羥自由(you)基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清除(chu)能力(li)更勝一(yi)籌;松針(zhen)(zhen)精油和(he)松針(zhen)(zhen)黃(huang)酮(tong)有(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水溶性(xing),能和(he)松針(zhen)(zhen)所含的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不飽和(he)脂肪(fang)酸透過血(xue)管(guan)壁進(jin)入血(xue)液:通(tong)過增加膽汁分泌(mi),減少膽固(gu)醇(chun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累(lei),通(tong)過清除(chu)膽固(gu)醇(chun),預防動脈硬化(hua)、擴張末梢血(xue)管(guan)、改(gai)善紅細(xi)胞攜氧(yang)能力(li),促進(jin)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)液循環。人(ren)類心(xin)腦(nao)血(xue)管(guan)疾病的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)大癥(zheng)狀:心(xin)絞痛(tong)、心(xin)悸、喘息(xi)、浮(fu)腫、暈眩、呼吸困難,飲用(yong)松針(zhen)(zhen)茶(cha)后,都得到了(le)改(gai)善多種實驗證(zheng)明。