芒果视频下载

生長與分布

分布范圍

由于(yu)原(yuan)產(chan)地(di)地(di)理分布的(de)差(cha)異，在原(yuan)產(chan)中(zhong)國的(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹中(zhong)，樟子松(song)(song)(song)(song)、新疆(jiang)五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)(song)最耐寒，對熱(re)量要(yao)求(qiu)最低。紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)對熱(re)量要(yao)求(qiu)也較(jiao)(jiao)低。赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)、油(you)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)、高(gao)山松(song)(song)(song)(song)、黃山松(song)(song)(song)(song)、巴(ba)山松(song)(song)(song)(song)為暖溫帶和亞熱(re)帶高(gao)海拔地(di)區樹種，對熱(re)量要(yao)求(qiu)中(zhong)等(deng)。馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)、云(yun)南松(song)(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)(song)和思茅松(song)(song)(song)(song)分布于(yu)更靠南的(de)地(di)區，要(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)熱(re)量。

南亞松(song)(song)是熱帶松(song)(song)樹，對(dui)熱量的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)最(zui)高。對(dui)濕(shi)潤條件的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)一般(ban)高于(yu)(yu)二針(zhen)松(song)(song)，但也因種(zhong)而(er)異。例如同(tong)為五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)的(de)(de)紅松(song)(song)和華山松(song)(song)，前者比后者要(yao)求(qiu)更(geng)濕(shi)潤的(de)(de)條件；同(tong)為二針(zhen)松(song)(song)的(de)(de)赤松(song)(song)和馬尾(wei)松(song)(song)對(dui)濕(shi)潤狀(zhuang)況的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)高于(yu)(yu)油松(song)(song)和云南松(song)(song)。這與(yu)地理分(fen)布上隨經度(du)而(er)發生的(de)(de)替代現象有關。

生長環境

土壤要求

松(song)樹本身適(shi)應(ying)力較強，因而能夠(gou)在各種(zhong)(zhong)類型土(tu)壤中生長(chang)，但(dan)土(tu)壤仍(reng)會對松(song)樹生長(chang)的(de)態勢產生直接的(de)影響，所以應(ying)盡(jin)量選(xuan)擇肥(fei)沃土(tu)壤區域(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)植，才能夠(gou)保證松(song)樹的(de)健(jian)康生長(chang)。如果是水(shui)分相對充(chong)足(zu)的(de)區域(yu)，盡(jin)可(ke)能選(xuan)擇酸性(xing)土(tu)壤種(zhong)(zhong)植松(song)樹，但(dan)仍(reng)存(cun)在部分品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)適(shi)宜種(zhong)(zhong)植在堿性(xing)土(tu)壤中。

耐陰性

絕大多數松(song)樹(shu)喜歡光照，其外形(xing)具體表(biao)現在(zai)樹(shu)冠分布(bu)稀疏，自(zi)然整枝能(neng)力(li)極強，所以在(zai)生理方面，其補償點(dian)就不會與其他樹(shu)種(zhong)高度相(xiang)同。在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)林過(guo)程當中，通常都(dou)會形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)先(xian)(xian)鋒(feng)(feng)樹(shu)種(zhong)。一旦原始(shi)森林受到外力(li)傷害，先(xian)(xian)鋒(feng)(feng)樹(shu)種(zhong)就會迅速(su)發展，替(ti)代(dai)原有樹(shu)種(zhong)位置，但其自(zi)身的(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)并(bing)不理想。若松(song)樹(shu)能(neng)夠形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)特定環境，耐陰(yin)性(xing)較強且長壽的(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)就會替(ti)代(dai)，最(zui)終使(shi)其喪失(shi)自(zi)身獨特優(you)勢(shi)。對于松(song)樹(shu)樹(shu)種(zhong)而(er)言，大部(bu)分樹(shu)種(zhong)都(dou)能(neng)夠互相(xiang)進行替(ti)代(dai)，特別是耐陰(yin)性(xing)理想的(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)，優(you)勢(shi)顯著(zhu)。

抗旱性

在(zai)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)生(sheng)長的(de)整個過(guo)程中，其(qi)抗(kang)旱(han)(han)(han)性(xing)能極強(qiang)，受其(qi)抗(kang)旱(han)(han)(han)結構的(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，這種類型的(de)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)，其(qi)葉子狹窄而(er)(er)且(qie)角(jiao)質層較為發(fa)達(da)，葉片表面(mian)積與(yu)體積都相(xiang)對較小，而(er)(er)且(qie)氣孔通常(chang)(chang)都會出(chu)現下陷(xian)情況。但是，在(zai)組織發(fa)育方(fang)面(mian)相(xiang)對理想，站在(zai)生(sheng)理角(jiao)度分析(xi)，耐寒性(xing)與(yu)耐旱(han)(han)(han)性(xing)很強(qiang)，所以并不會受到缺水(shui)影響(xiang)(xiang)而(er)(er)受到損傷。而(er)(er)站在(zai)生(sheng)態(tai)角(jiao)度分析(xi)，松(song)樹(shu)(shu)屬(shu)于最(zui)常(chang)(chang)見的(de)一種旱(han)(han)(han)生(sheng)植(zhi)物，，即便(bian)氣候條件差異較大(da)的(de)區域(yu)，同樣能夠使(shi)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)健(jian)康地生(sheng)存”。絕大(da)多數松(song)樹(shu)(shu)都在(zai)干旱(han)(han)(han)條件且(qie)土壤(rang)稀薄區域(yu)生(sheng)長，其(qi)中，二針松(song)與(yu)五針松(song)相(xiang)比，其(qi)抗(kang)旱(han)(han)(han)能力更強(qiang)。由此可(ke)見，若土壤(rang)當(dang)中的(de)含水(shui)量(liang)過(guo)大(da)，會嚴重影響(xiang)(xiang)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)正常(chang)(chang)生(sheng)長。

生長氣候

松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)產地分(fen)布具有(you)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)之處(chu)，一般情況下，樟子松(song)(song)(song)(song)與五(wu)(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)具有(you)極(ji)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐寒性，所以在(zai)(zai)種植(zhi)方面(mian)對(dui)于(yu)熱(re)(re)量要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求并不高(gao)(gao)。而(er)油松(song)(song)(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)與赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)屬(shu)于(yu)暖溫帶與亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶高(gao)(gao)海拔區(qu)(qu)域(yu)所特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)種，因而(er)對(dui)于(yu)熱(re)(re)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)遠遠高(gao)(gao)于(yu)五(wu)(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)。馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)(song)以及云南松(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)布于(yu)南方區(qu)(qu)域(yu)，其(qi)對(dui)于(yu)熱(re)(re)量要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求會更高(gao)(gao)-一些(xie)。而(er)南亞(ya)松(song)(song)(song)(song)在(zai)(zai)所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)種當中，其(qi)對(dui)于(yu)熱(re)(re)量要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求最高(gao)(gao)。在(zai)(zai)濕(shi)潤條件(jian)方面(mian)，五(wu)(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)和(he)二針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)相(xiang)比，在(zai)(zai)濕(shi)度(du)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求更高(gao)(gao)，但同(tong)樣與樹(shu)(shu)種存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)緊(jin)密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系(xi)。雖然(ran)(ran)華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)與紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)都是(shi)五(wu)(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)種，但濕(shi)度(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求卻(que)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)不同(tong)之處(chu)，紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)所需濕(shi)度(du)更高(gao)(gao)。另外，五(wu)(wu)尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)與赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)都是(shi)二針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，在(zai)(zai)濕(shi)潤條件(jian)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求仍(reng)然(ran)(ran)不同(tong)，與植(zhi)物分(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地理位置也(ye)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關聯。

形態及特征

松(song)樹較(jiao)幼(you)(you)時的(de)(de)樹冠呈(cheng)金(jin)字塔形(xing)，樹枝多(duo)呈(cheng)輪狀(zhuang)著生。幼(you)(you)苗出土、子葉(xie)展開以(yi)后，首先(xian)著生的(de)(de)為初生葉(xie)，單生，螺旋狀(zhuang)排列，線狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)，葉(xie)緣(yuan)具齒(chi)。初生葉(xie)行使葉(xie)的(de)(de)功能(neng)1～3年后，才(cai)出現針(zhen)葉(xie)，通常2、3、5枚成束，著生于短枝的(de)(de)頂端。每束針(zhen)葉(xie)基部有葉(xie)鞘，早期脫落或宿(su)存。葉(xie)肉組織中(zhong)的(de)(de)樹脂道的(de)(de)位置在成年植株比較(jiao)恒(heng)定，可分為外(wai)生、中(zhong)生、內(nei)生3種類(lei)型。

松(song)樹(shu)針葉橫切面中(zhong)可(ke)見1或(huo)2個維(wei)管(guan)束，特(te)殊(shu)環境下可(ke)在雙維(wei)管(guan)束松(song)樹(shu)中(zhong)出(chu)現維(wei)管(guan)束合并的情(qing)況(kuang)。球花單性，雌雄同株(zhu)。球果多數(shu)(shu)由種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)組成，成熟后木質化(hua)。種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的裸露(lu)增厚部分稱鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)盾(dun)，鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)盾(dun)先端的瘤狀突(tu)起稱鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)臍(qi)。有的樹(shu)種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)臍(qi)具(ju)刺(ci)，有的無。球果成熟時種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)張開(kai)，種(zhong)子脫落；但少(shao)數(shu)(shu)樹(shu)種(zhong)種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)則長期(qi)保(bao)持關閉(bi)狀態(tai)。每(mei)個種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)具(ju)種(zhong)子2粒，種(zhong)子上(shang)部具(ju)一(yi)長翅(chi)，少(shao)數(shu)(shu)具(ju)短(duan)翅(chi)或(huo)無翅(chi)。

松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹最明顯的特征(zheng)是葉(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)狀(zhuang)，常2針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、3針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)或(huo)5針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)束(shu)。如油松(song)(song)(song)(song)、馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)、黃山松(song)(song)(song)(song)的葉(xie)2針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)束(shu)，白皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)的葉(xie)3針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)束(shu)，紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華(hua)山松(song)(song)(song)(song)、五針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的葉(xie)5針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)束(shu)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹為雌(ci)(ci)雄同株植(zhi)物，而且孢(bao)子(zi)葉(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)球果(guo)狀(zhuang)排列，形成(cheng)(cheng)雌(ci)(ci)、雄球花(hua)(hua)(hua)。雌(ci)(ci)球花(hua)(hua)(hua)單個或(huo)2一(yi)(yi)(yi)4個著生(sheng)于(yu)新(xin)枝(zhi)頂端，雄球花(hua)(hua)(hua)多數聚集于(yu)新(xin)枝(zhi)下(xia)部。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹的球花(hua)(hua)(hua)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般于(yu)春夏季開放，但花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉傳到雌(ci)(ci)球花(hua)(hua)(hua)上后，要到第(di)二年(nian)初夏才萌發，使(shi)雌(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)受精，發育(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)球果(guo)（俗稱松(song)(song)(song)(song)塔或(huo)松(song)(song)(song)(song)球，不是果(guo)實）。球果(guo)于(yu)秋后成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)，種(zhong)鱗張開，每個種(zhong)鱗具(ju)兩粒種(zhong)子(zi)。

松(song)(song)屬(shu)植物(wu)中(zhong)的(de)多數(shu)種類是高大(da)(da)挺拔的(de)喬(qiao)木，而(er)且材(cai)質好(hao)，不乏棟梁之材(cai)。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)東北的(de)“木材(cai)之王(wang)”——紅松(song)(song)、北美(mei)(mei)西部(bu)廣為分布的(de)高大(da)(da)樹(shu)(shu)種（高達75米(mi)）—西黃松(song)(song)、原產于(yu)(yu)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)加州沿海生(sheng)長速度最(zui)快的(de)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)——輻射松(song)(song)、原產于(yu)(yu)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)東南部(bu)的(de)濕地(di)松(song)(song)、美(mei)(mei)洲加勒比(bi)海地(di)區原產的(de)加勒比(bi)松(song)(song)、廣布于(yu)(yu)歐亞大(da)(da)陸(lu)西部(bu)和北部(bu)的(de)歐洲赤松(song)(song)等(deng)等(deng)，都(dou)是著名的(de)用材(cai)樹(shu)(shu)種。

松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)觀賞價值也是(shi)(shi)有目共睹的(de)(de)。在中(zhong)國(guo)，從皇家(jia)(jia)古典園林(lin)到(dao)現代居民(min)家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)都(dou)能見到(dao)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)倩影(ying)，例如北京(jing)北海、頤和園中(zhong)的(de)(de)油松(song)(song)(song)(song)、白(bai)皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，樹(shu)(shu)樁盆景中(zhong)廣(guang)泛使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)，一(yi)些(xie)名山(shan)(shan)勝地，更是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)以(yi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)壯勢、松(song)(song)(song)(song)以(yi)山(shan)(shan)出(chu)名。黃山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)迎(ying)客松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華(hua)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)華(hua)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、長(chang)(chang)白(bai)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)美人松(song)(song)(song)(song)……無一(yi)不令游人贊嘆。另外(wai)，松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)根部(bu)位常(chang)常(chang)會有大(da)型真菌(jun)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。它們有的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)腐(fu)菌(jun)，可(ke)以(yi)對松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)進(jin)行(xing)分解，造成(cheng)樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)根腐(fu)；有的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)外(wai)生(sheng)(sheng)菌(jun)根菌(jun)，可(ke)以(yi)與松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)互換營養(yang)，防止樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)營養(yang)缺乏，從而導(dao)致(zhi)影(ying)響生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。成(cheng)熟后高達45米(mi)，胸徑1.5米(mi)；樹(shu)(shu)皮(pi)紅褐(he)(he)(he)色，下部(bu)灰褐(he)(he)(he)色，裂(lie)成(cheng)不規則(ze)的(de)(de)鱗狀塊片；枝(zhi)平展或斜展，樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)寬(kuan)塔形(xing)或傘形(xing)，枝(zhi)條每年生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)一(yi)輪(lun)，但在廣(guang)東(dong)南部(bu)則(ze)通常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)兩輪(lun)，淡黃褐(he)(he)(he)色，無白(bai)粉，稀有白(bai)粉，無毛；冬芽(ya)(ya)卵狀圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)或圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)，褐(he)(he)(he)色，頂端(duan)尖(jian)，芽(ya)(ya)鱗邊緣絲(si)狀，先端(duan)尖(jian)或成(cheng)漸尖(jian)的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)尖(jian)頭，微反曲。

繁殖方式

松樹的(de)苗(miao)木(mu)繁育主要采用(yong)種(zhong)子育苗(miao)或者用(yong)枝條進(jin)行(xing)扦插，此(ci)外，另(ling)有由我國(guo)研(yan)究人員創立的(de)直接用(yong)松樹的(de)針葉束進(jin)行(xing)無性系，苗(miao)木(mu)繁育的(de)方法，即(ji)：針葉束育苗(miao)。

價值及其他

觀賞

松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)除經濟用途外，由于其樹(shu)(shu)姿雄偉、蒼勁，樹(shu)(shu)體高大(da)、長壽(shou)，還具(ju)有(you)重要的(de)(de)觀賞(shang)價值(zhi)。它是(shi)中國(guo)(guo)很多風景(jing)區的(de)(de)重要景(jing)觀成分。如遼寧(ning)千山、山東泰山、江西廬山都以(yi)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)景(jing)色而馳(chi)名。尤其是(shi)安徽的(de)(de)黃山，松(song)(song)、云(yun)、石號稱“三絕”，而以(yi)松(song)(song)為首(shou)。各(ge)地(di)不少古(gu)松(song)(song)與中國(guo)(guo)悠久的(de)(de)歷史文化(hua)有(you)密(mi)切聯(lian)系。如北(bei)京北(bei)海團(tuan)城(cheng)有(you)一株800年(nian)生的(de)(de)古(gu)松(song)(song)，傳(chuan)說曾被清乾(qian)隆封(feng)為“遮(zhe)陰侯”；泰山“五大(da)夫松(song)(song)”傳(chuan)說是(shi)秦始皇登山在此(ci)避雨而被封(feng)以(yi)官爵的(de)(de)。中國(guo)(guo)人民把松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)作為堅(jian)定、貞(zhen)潔、長壽(shou)的(de)(de)象征。松(song)(song)、竹、梅(mei)世稱“歲寒三友”，喻不畏逆境(jing)、戰勝困難的(de)(de)堅(jian)韌精神(shen)。

工業

按照結構特(te)征(zheng)和(he)材性，一(yi)般將松(song)(song)樹分為(wei)軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)和(he)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)。軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)（即(ji)單維管束亞(ya)屬(shu)）比較輕(qing)軟(ruan)，紋理均勻，強(qiang)度(du)小，加(jia)工容易，早(zao)材至晚材漸變，少翅(chi)裂。硬(ying)(ying)(ying)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)（即(ji)雙維管束亞(ya)屬(shu)）比較重硬(ying)(ying)(ying)，紋理不均勻，強(qiang)度(du)較大，加(jia)工較難，早(zao)材至晚材急(ji)變，松(song)(song)脂(zhi)含量高。但屬(shu)于(yu)軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)中的海南五針(zhen)松(song)(song)和(he)華南五針(zhen)松(song)(song)在(zai)強(qiang)度(du)和(he)容重上(shang)接近于(yu)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)。松(song)(song)樹木(mu)(mu)材可(ke)供建筑、電桿、枕(zhen)木(mu)(mu)、礦柱、橋梁、農(nong)具(ju)(ju)、器具(ju)(ju)、家具(ju)(ju)等多種(zhong)用(yong)途。各種(zhong)松(song)(song)木(mu)(mu)的纖(xian)維素(su)含量約為(wei)50～60%，木(mu)(mu)質素(su)為(wei)25～30%，為(wei)制漿造紙工業重要的原料之(zhi)一(yi)。松(song)(song)樹也(ye)可(ke)用(yong)作薪炭材。

從松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)樹(shu)干(gan)割取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)脂可(ke)以提(ti)(ti)取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)香和(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)節油(you)(you)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)種(zhong)子(zi)富含蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)油(you)(you)脂，含油(you)(you)量都在(zai)30%以上，其中(zhong)(zhong)具食用價值的(de)(de)有(you)20種(zhong)，如產(chan)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)有(you)紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)等。紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)還(huan)可(ke)入(ru)藥(yao)(yao)，藥(yao)(yao)名(ming)“海松(song)(song)(song)(song)子(zi)”，是(shi)一種(zhong)滋養強壯劑。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)樹(shu)皮、種(zhong)皮富含單寧，可(ke)浸水提(ti)(ti)取(qu)栲(kao)膠。樹(shu)皮經粉(fen)碎后(hou)，與其他原料(liao)混(hun)合，加(jia)(jia)壓可(ke)制成硬纖維板。此外還(huan)可(ke)從松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)針葉中(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)(ti)取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)針揮發油(you)(you)。針葉中(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)較(jiao)豐富的(de)(de)胡蘿卜素、維生素、脂肪、蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)以及鈣、磷等多(duo)種(zhong)礦質(zhi)(zhi)元素，可(ke)加(jia)(jia)工成飼(si)料(liao)添(tian)加(jia)(jia)劑，用來飼(si)養家禽、家畜。利用松(song)(song)(song)(song)枝(zhi)、松(song)(song)(song)(song)根在(zai)窯內進行不(bu)完(wan)全的(de)(de)燃燒，可(ke)制得松(song)(song)(song)(song)煙（見木材干(gan)餾(liu)），用于(yu)制造墨(mo)、油(you)(you)墨(mo)和(he)黑色涂(tu)料(liao)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)枝(zhi)和(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)根還(huan)是(shi)培養名(ming)貴藥(yao)(yao)材茯苓的(de)(de)原料(liao)。

綜上所述，松針以其(qi)鮮為人知的(de)(de)(de)驚人功效和覆(fu)蓋全國的(de)(de)(de)豐富(fu)資源，必將成保健產(chan)業革命的(de)(de)(de)標志性產(chan)品。

馬(ma)尾松(song)的葉——松(song)針有極(ji)大的藥(yao)用價值，最早由孫思邈發現，主要是清除(chu)人體自由基，可(ke)防暈車，可(ke)煨水、泡酒，延(yan)年(nian)益壽。

藥用

松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)是(shi)(shi)松(song)(song)樹藥用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)代表部位，味苦、無毒、藥性溫和(he)(he)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)取物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)含有植物(wu)(wu)酵素(su)、植物(wu)(wu)纖維、生長激松(song)(song) 針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)素(su)、蛋白質(zhi)、脂(zhi)肪(fang)和(he)(he) 2 4種(zhong)氨基(ji)(ji)酸，松(song)(song) 針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)具 有降血(xue)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)中(zhong)含有豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)β-胡(hu)蘿(luo)卜素(su)、維生素(su)C、維生素(su)E，這三(san)種(zhong)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)被(bei)稱為抗(kang)氧(yang)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)“金三(san)角(jiao)”，三(san)者共(gong)同保(bao)護人(ren)體組(zu)織細胞(bao)(bao)免受氧(yang)化，延長細胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命。松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)(ti)取物(wu)(wu)前(qian)花青素(su) (PCA)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)能(neng)力(li)(li)超強的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)抗(kang)氧(yang)化劑，前(qian)花青素(su)是(shi)(shi)世界上迄(qi)今為止文獻(xian)記(ji)載(zai)和(he)(he)實驗(yan)室發現最強的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)抗(kang)氧(yang)化(抗(kang)衰老)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)!它(ta)有優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)清除多種(zhong)有害自(zi)由基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功效，與其他植物(wu)(wu)抗(kang)氧(yang)化劑相比(bi)，前(qian)花青素(su)對超氧(yang)化物(wu)(wu)陰離子自(zi)由基(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)羥自(zi)由基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清除能(neng)力(li)(li)更勝一(yi)籌；松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)精(jing)油和(he)(he)松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)黃酮有獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)水溶性，能(neng)和(he)(he)松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)所含的(de)(de)(de)(de)不飽和(he)(he)脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸透過血(xue)管壁進入血(xue)液(ye)：通(tong)過增(zeng)加膽汁分泌(mi)，減少(shao)膽固醇的(de)(de)(de)(de)積累，通(tong)過清除膽固醇，預(yu)防動脈(mo)硬化、擴張末(mo)梢血(xue)管、改善紅細胞(bao)(bao)攜氧(yang)能(neng)力(li)(li)，促進人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)液(ye)循環。人(ren)類心腦(nao)血(xue)管疾病的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾大癥(zheng)狀：心絞痛、心悸(ji)、喘(chuan)息、浮腫、暈(yun)眩、呼吸困難，飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)茶后，都得到了改善多種(zhong)實驗(yan)證明。