分(fen)布于(yu)中國河南北部(太行(xing)山)。生長在海(hai)拔1100-1200米(mi)的陰坡山崖石(shi)壁上。
多年生(sheng)草本。根莖粗(cu)壯,根深(shen)長(chang)(chang),伸入石(shi)縫中有(you)時達地上(shang)部分4-5倍。花葶(ting)(ting)無(wu)毛(mao)或(huo)有(you)時被稀疏柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao),高4-15厘米,葶(ting)(ting)上(shang)無(wu)葉,僅有(you)1-5枚對(dui)生(sheng)或(huo)互生(sheng)的苞片(pian),苞片(pian)3裂,裂片(pian)帶狀(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing),無(wu)毛(mao)。基生(sheng)葉為(wei)單葉,稀有(you)時葉柄上(shang)部有(you)1-2極小的裂片(pian),卵形(xing)(xing)或(huo)橢圓形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)2.5-10厘米,寬2-8厘米,頂端圓鈍(dun),基部截形(xing)(xing)或(huo)圓形(xing)(xing),稀闊(kuo)楔形(xing)(xing),邊緣(yuan)有(you)粗(cu)大(da)鈍(dun)齒或(huo)波狀(zhuang)圓齒,上(shang)面(mian)(mian)綠(lv)色,無(wu)毛(mao),下面(mian)(mian)淡綠(lv)色,幾無(wu)毛(mao)或(huo)在葉基部脈上(shang)有(you)極稀疏柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao);葉柄長(chang)(chang)2.5-10厘米,無(wu)毛(mao)或(huo)被稀疏柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)。
花(hua)(hua)雄性和兩(liang)性同株或(huo)(huo)異株,單生花(hua)(hua)葶頂(ding)(ding)端,稀2朵,花(hua)(hua)開放時直(zhi)徑3-4.5厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);萼筒陀螺形,無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),萼片淺綠色或(huo)(huo)常帶紫色,卵狀橢圓(yuan)形或(huo)(huo)卵狀披針(zhen)形,頂(ding)(ding)端急尖至漸尖;花(hua)(hua)瓣白色,倒卵狀橢圓(yuan)形,頂(ding)(ding)端圓(yuan)鈍;雄蕊(rui)多數,著(zhu)生在萼筒邊緣(yuan);雌蕊(rui)多數,被(bei)疏(shu)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao),螺旋狀著(zhu)生在花(hua)(hua)托上,在雄花(hua)(hua)中數目較(jiao)少,不(bu)發育且無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)被(bei)短柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(毛(mao)(mao)(mao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約0.2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)),延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達14-16毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),僅(jin)頂(ding)(ding)端無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),柱(zhu)頭(tou)略擴大;花(hua)(hua)托在果(guo)時延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),達10毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),纖(xian)細柱(zhu)狀,直(zhi)徑約1毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。瘦(shou)果(guo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)疏(shu)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(毛(mao)(mao)(mao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))。花(hua)(hua)果(guo)期(qi)5-8月。
溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei):從野外(wai)挖來的(de)(de)(de)(de)太行花(hua)(hua)(hua)苗,用細沙、草(cao)炭土各半調制的(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養土上(shang)盆,在(zai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)內栽(zai)(zai)培(pei),夏季溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)遮蔭,注(zhu)意(yi)通風,室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)25-30℃。冬季加(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen),控溫(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)8-15℃條件(jian)下(xia),每(mei)(mei)年換(huan)盆。每(mei)(mei)周(zhou)澆水1-3次。4-10月長勢最旺,花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)1月至4月。3月份是(shi)盛花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)。每(mei)(mei)株苗年萌(meng)新芽苗2-6個,葉30-50片(pian),開花(hua)(hua)(hua)12-35朵。在(zai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)條件(jian)下(xia),幾年來生長正(zheng)常,但同一植株不同生長階段,形(xing)(xing)態上(shang)出現活躍的(de)(de)(de)(de)分化現象。如葉片(pian)形(xing)(xing)狀,除(chu)卵形(xing)(xing)、橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),還(huan)(huan)有長橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)、心狀卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)、三角(jiao)狀卵形(xing)(xing);葉基截形(xing)(xing)、圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)楔形(xing)(xing);葉緣圓(yuan)鈍(dun)或(huo)銳尖,深裂(lie)(lie)或(huo)波(bo)狀淺(qian)裂(lie)(lie);葉色(se)油綠(lv)或(huo)灰(hui)綠(lv);葉對生、互(hu)生等。花(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性別(bie)除(chu)雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)、兩性花(hua)(hua)(hua),還(huan)(huan)有單(dan)性雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua);每(mei)(mei)個花(hua)(hua)(hua)攀小花(hua)(hua)(hua)數達(da)到1-5個;花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)也出現7-巧瓣(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復瓣(ban)和達(da)到38瓣(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重瓣(ban)花(hua)(hua)(hua)。個體變異為選育(yu)優良栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)品種提供(gong)了方便條件(jian)。
露(lu)(lu)地栽培:中(zhong)國北京(jing)香山(shan)地區的氣候(hou)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)與太(tai)行(xing)(xing)山(shan)相近。如年平均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)北京(jing)1.8℃,產(chan)地10.1℃,年降水量(liang)分(fen)別為645毫米、約800毫米,日照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)2635小(xiao)時(shi)、2480小(xiao)時(shi)。同屬溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣候(hou),春季(ji)(ji)(ji)干旱(han)多(duo)風,夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)炎熱(re)多(duo)雨,冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)寒冷干旱(han)。栽培條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下水分(fen)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)較好,1988-1991年露(lu)(lu)地栽植的太(tai)行(xing)(xing)花(hua),不(bu)同苗(miao)齡植株均(jun)生(sheng)長正常,越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)良好,有1/4的葉片冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)仍保持活力,而原(yuan)產(chan)地未(wei)見成活葉片越(yue)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)。北京(jing)平原(yuan)地區比產(chan)地山(shan)區入冬(dong)(dong)(dong)晚,早(zao)春升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)快,太(tai)行(xing)(xing)花(hua)春季(ji)(ji)(ji)萌發(fa)生(sheng)長期比產(chan)地提早(zao)15-20天,生(sheng)育期達到258天。
一般(ban)溫度高于5℃時,越冬苗開始萌芽(ya)展葉(xie),生長旺盛(sheng)期(qi)氣溫在(zai)(zai)20-25℃,氣溫過高在(zai)(zai)35-40℃,表(biao)現出抑制生長狀(zhuang)態。在(zai)(zai)全日照條件下(xia),葉(xie)片厚,葉(xie)柄粗短,單葉(xie)重,葉(xie)色濃綠,出葉(xie)分株較少,表(biao)現出光照過強的特征。如在(zai)(zai)夏季適當遮蔭(yin)、或(huo)(huo)栽(zai)(zai)培在(zai)(zai)稀(xi)疏(shu)林下(xia),保證充足的水肥條件,植株生長茂盛(sheng)。地(di)栽(zai)(zai)條件下(xia)最(zui)好是栽(zai)(zai)植在(zai)(zai)泥炭土細沙各半的培養土上,土壤疏(shu)松,保水好,植株根系(xi)發達(da),葉(xie)片繁茂,花朵碩大。沙土或(huo)(huo)普通(tong)黃壤土生長不(bu)良。
繁殖育(yu)苗太行(xing)花在原產地很少采集到發育(yu)成(cheng)熟的種(zhong)子,主要靠莖(jing)生(sheng)不定(ding)芽沿有限的石縫(feng)擴(kuo)大種(zhong)群。人(ren)工栽培(pei)(pei)每(mei)年可(ke)(ke)產生(sheng)2-6個莖(jing)生(sheng)不定(ding)芽,在秋季或初(chu)春冊下分株移(yi)栽,無根(gen)的芽苗扦(qian)插在苗床上,生(sheng)根(gen)后移(yi)栽,一(yi)般可(ke)(ke)全部成(cheng)活。離體培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)用腋芽接種(zhong)在每(mei)升(sheng)(sheng)附加ZT0.2毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)6-BA1.0毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)的MS培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)中,分化產生(sheng)愈傷組織(zhi)再接種(zhong)在每(mei)升(sheng)(sheng)加入0.5毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)NAA、2.0毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)6-BA分化培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)中形成(cheng)不定(ding)芽,即可(ke)(ke)生(sheng)根(gen)出苗。此外(wai),也可(ke)(ke)誘導成(cheng)胚狀(zhuang)體播種(zhong)成(cheng)苗。
太行花(hua)(hua)屬古(gu)老的殘遺種,對于闡明薔(qiang)薇(wei)科(ke)某些類群的起源和演(yan)化問題,有科(ke)研價(jia)值。民間常用太行花(hua)(hua)治療癬癥。太行花(hua)(hua)花(hua)(hua)白色如杏(xing)花(hua)(hua)大小(xiao),花(hua)(hua)朵稠密(mi),有觀賞(shang)價(jia)值。花(hua)(hua)朵的構造特殊,是研究薔(qiang)薇(wei)科(ke)植(zhi)物的好材料。