分布于中國(guo)河(he)南北部(太行山(shan))。生長在(zai)海拔1100-1200米的(de)陰坡山(shan)崖石壁(bi)上。
多年生(sheng)草本。根(gen)莖粗壯,根(gen)深長,伸入石(shi)縫中(zhong)有時(shi)(shi)達地上(shang)部(bu)(bu)分4-5倍。花(hua)葶(ting)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)有時(shi)(shi)被(bei)稀(xi)疏柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),高4-15厘米,葶(ting)上(shang)無(wu)(wu)葉(xie),僅有1-5枚對生(sheng)或(huo)互生(sheng)的苞(bao)片,苞(bao)片3裂,裂片帶狀(zhuang)披針形(xing),無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。基生(sheng)葉(xie)為單(dan)葉(xie),稀(xi)有時(shi)(shi)葉(xie)柄(bing)上(shang)部(bu)(bu)有1-2極(ji)小的裂片,卵形(xing)或(huo)橢圓形(xing),長2.5-10厘米,寬(kuan)2-8厘米,頂端圓鈍(dun),基部(bu)(bu)截形(xing)或(huo)圓形(xing),稀(xi)闊楔形(xing),邊緣有粗大(da)鈍(dun)齒(chi)或(huo)波(bo)狀(zhuang)圓齒(chi),上(shang)面(mian)綠(lv)色,無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),下面(mian)淡綠(lv)色,幾無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)在葉(xie)基部(bu)(bu)脈上(shang)有極(ji)稀(xi)疏柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);葉(xie)柄(bing)長2.5-10厘米,無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)被(bei)稀(xi)疏柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。
花雄(xiong)性和(he)兩(liang)性同(tong)株(zhu)或異株(zhu),單生(sheng)花葶(ting)頂(ding)(ding)端(duan),稀(xi)2朵,花開放時直徑3-4.5厘米;萼筒(tong)陀螺形(xing)(xing),無毛,萼片淺綠(lv)色(se)或常帶(dai)紫色(se),卵(luan)狀橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或卵(luan)狀披(pi)針形(xing)(xing),頂(ding)(ding)端(duan)急尖(jian)至漸(jian)尖(jian);花瓣白色(se),倒(dao)卵(luan)狀橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),頂(ding)(ding)端(duan)圓(yuan)鈍;雄(xiong)蕊多數,著生(sheng)在萼筒(tong)邊緣;雌(ci)蕊多數,被(bei)疏柔(rou)毛,螺旋狀著生(sheng)在花托(tuo)上,在雄(xiong)花中數目較(jiao)少,不發育且無毛;花柱被(bei)短(duan)柔(rou)毛(毛長(chang)(chang)約0.2毫(hao)米),延長(chang)(chang)達14-16毫(hao)米,僅頂(ding)(ding)端(duan)無毛,柱頭(tou)略擴大(da);花托(tuo)在果時延長(chang)(chang),達10毫(hao)米,纖細柱狀,直徑約1毫(hao)米。瘦果長(chang)(chang)3-4毫(hao)米,被(bei)疏柔(rou)毛(毛長(chang)(chang)0.5毫(hao)米)。花果期5-8月。
溫(wen)室(shi)栽(zai)培:從(cong)野外挖來的(de)(de)太行花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)苗,用(yong)細(xi)沙、草(cao)炭(tan)土各半調制(zhi)的(de)(de)培養土上盆(pen),在溫(wen)室(shi)內栽(zai)培,夏季溫(wen)室(shi)遮蔭(yin),注意(yi)通風,室(shi)溫(wen)25-30℃。冬季加(jia)溫(wen),控溫(wen)在8-15℃條(tiao)件(jian)下,每年(nian)換盆(pen)。每周(zhou)澆水1-3次。4-10月(yue)長(chang)勢(shi)最旺,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期1月(yue)至4月(yue)。3月(yue)份是盛花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期。每株(zhu)(zhu)苗年(nian)萌(meng)新芽苗2-6個,葉30-50片,開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)12-35朵。在溫(wen)室(shi)條(tiao)件(jian)下,幾年(nian)來生(sheng)長(chang)正常(chang),但(dan)同(tong)(tong)一植株(zhu)(zhu)不同(tong)(tong)生(sheng)長(chang)階段,形態(tai)上出現(xian)活躍的(de)(de)分化(hua)現(xian)象。如葉片形狀(zhuang),除卵(luan)形、橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形,還有長(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形、心狀(zhuang)卵(luan)圓(yuan)形、三角狀(zhuang)卵(luan)形;葉基截形、圓(yuan)形或(huo)楔形;葉緣圓(yuan)鈍或(huo)銳尖,深裂或(huo)波(bo)狀(zhuang)淺裂;葉色油(you)綠(lv)(lv)或(huo)灰綠(lv)(lv);葉對生(sheng)、互(hu)生(sheng)等。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)性別除雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、兩性花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),還有單性雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua);每個花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)攀小花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)數達到(dao)1-5個;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣也出現(xian)7-巧瓣的(de)(de)復瓣和達到(dao)38瓣的(de)(de)重瓣花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。個體變異為選(xuan)育優(you)良栽(zai)培品種提供(gong)了方便條(tiao)件(jian)。
露地栽(zai)培:中(zhong)國北(bei)京香山地區(qu)(qu)的氣候條(tiao)件與太行(xing)山相近。如年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)北(bei)京1.8℃,產(chan)(chan)地10.1℃,年(nian)(nian)降水量分(fen)別為645毫米、約800毫米,日照(zhao)時(shi)數2635小時(shi)、2480小時(shi)。同(tong)(tong)屬溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣候,春季(ji)(ji)干旱(han)多風(feng),夏季(ji)(ji)炎熱多雨(yu),冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)寒冷干旱(han)。栽(zai)培條(tiao)件下水分(fen)條(tiao)件較好,1988-1991年(nian)(nian)露地栽(zai)植的太行(xing)花,不同(tong)(tong)苗(miao)齡(ling)植株(zhu)均(jun)生長正常,越冬(dong)(dong)良好,有1/4的葉片冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)仍保持活力,而原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)地未見成活葉片越冬(dong)(dong)。北(bei)京平(ping)原(yuan)地區(qu)(qu)比產(chan)(chan)地山區(qu)(qu)入(ru)冬(dong)(dong)晚,早春升溫(wen)(wen)快,太行(xing)花春季(ji)(ji)萌(meng)發(fa)生長期(qi)比產(chan)(chan)地提早15-20天(tian),生育期(qi)達到258天(tian)。
一般溫度高于5℃時,越(yue)冬苗開始萌芽展葉,生(sheng)(sheng)長旺盛(sheng)期氣(qi)溫在(zai)20-25℃,氣(qi)溫過高在(zai)35-40℃,表現出抑制生(sheng)(sheng)長狀(zhuang)態。在(zai)全日照條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)(xia),葉片厚(hou),葉柄粗短,單葉重(zhong),葉色濃綠(lv),出葉分株(zhu)較少,表現出光照過強的(de)特征。如在(zai)夏(xia)季適(shi)當遮蔭、或栽(zai)培(pei)在(zai)稀(xi)疏林下(xia)(xia),保證(zheng)充足的(de)水(shui)(shui)肥(fei)條(tiao)件(jian),植(zhi)株(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)長茂盛(sheng)。地栽(zai)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)(xia)最好(hao)是栽(zai)植(zhi)在(zai)泥炭土細沙各半(ban)的(de)培(pei)養土上(shang),土壤疏松,保水(shui)(shui)好(hao),植(zhi)株(zhu)根系(xi)發達,葉片繁茂,花朵(duo)碩(shuo)大。沙土或普(pu)通黃壤土生(sheng)(sheng)長不良。
繁殖育苗太行花在原產地很少采集到(dao)發育成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),主要靠莖生不定芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)沿有限(xian)的(de)(de)石(shi)縫(feng)擴大(da)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群。人工栽培每(mei)年可產生2-6個莖生不定芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),在秋季或初春冊下分株移栽,無根(gen)的(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)苗扦插(cha)在苗床上,生根(gen)后移栽,一(yi)般可全部成(cheng)活。離體培養(yang)用腋芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在每(mei)升附加ZT0.2毫克6-BA1.0毫克的(de)(de)MS培養(yang)基中,分化產生愈傷組(zu)織再(zai)接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在每(mei)升加入0.5毫克NAA、2.0毫克6-BA分化培養(yang)基中形成(cheng)不定芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),即可生根(gen)出苗。此外,也(ye)可誘導(dao)成(cheng)胚狀(zhuang)體播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)苗。
太(tai)行花屬古老的(de)(de)殘遺種(zhong),對于(yu)闡明(ming)薔薇科某些類群(qun)的(de)(de)起源和(he)演化問題,有科研價(jia)值(zhi)。民(min)間常用太(tai)行花治療癬癥(zheng)。太(tai)行花花白色如杏花大小,花朵稠密(mi),有觀(guan)賞(shang)價(jia)值(zhi)。花朵的(de)(de)構造特殊,是研究薔薇科植物的(de)(de)好材(cai)料。