生于海拔2600-3750米高(gao)山流(liu)石坡。
中國臺灣特有種,產宜蘭、臺中和花蓮。分布區非常狹窄,僅產(chan)臺灣中央山脈(mo)北部宜蘭、臺中與花蓮三縣交界的南湖大(da)山,約(yue)位(wei)于北緯24°23′東經121°25′之(zhi)范圍。生于海拔(ba)3680-*3740米的冰谷四周(zhou)及山頂。
多年(nian)生(sheng)矮小草(cao)本,幾成(cheng)蓮座狀,莖(jing)極短,高3-8厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。葉(xie)密生(sheng)于莖(jing)上(shang)(shang)(shang),近對生(sheng),頂端(duan)(duan)的(de)葉(xie)互(hu)生(sheng),橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)近圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),全(quan)緣,先端(duan)(duan)圓(yuan)(yuan),基(ji)(ji)部楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高山多年(nian)生(sheng)輔地草(cao)本,根狀莖(jing)在地下伸展(zhan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),自(zi)節上(shang)(shang)(shang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)地下的(de)肉質根出(chu)苗,在近地面(mian)密生(sheng)小鱗葉(xie)。地上(shang)(shang)(shang)莖(jing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-18厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),粗0.5-1毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),在上(shang)(shang)(shang)部常(chang)(chang)分枝,周圍被(bei)曲(qu)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao),有(you)時(shi)混生(sheng)腺(xian)毛(mao)(mao)。葉(xie)對生(sheng),在花(hua)(hua)(hua)序部互(hu)生(sheng),常(chang)(chang)密集生(sheng)于莖(jing)上(shang)(shang)(shang)部,近革質,鮮時(shi)近肉質,寬(kuan)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),稀近圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.8-2.1厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)0.5-1.2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先端(duan)(duan)鈍,基(ji)(ji)部近楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),稀近截形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣每側(ce)具3-7枚淺(qian)齒,側(ce)脈每側(ce)3-5條,不明(ming)顯,僅(jin)脈上(shang)(shang)(shang)與邊緣疏生(sheng)曲(qu)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao),常(chang)(chang)有(you)稀疏的(de)桿(gan)狀鐘乳體(ti);葉(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)序近直立至上(shang)(shang)(shang)升。花(hua)(hua)(hua)在芽時(shi)稍下垂,花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)狀卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)10-12毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑5-7毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);子(zi)房長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-1.8厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)曲(qu)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)與腺(xian)毛(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.3-0.8厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.2-2.8厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑1.6-2.6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),喉部有(you)一環毛(mao)(mao);萼(e)片狹(xia)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)11-17厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)玫瑰(gui)色(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)紫紅色(se),狹(xia)倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)狀長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.6-3.3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)0.8-1.7厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)(ji)部聚縮(suo)成(cheng)爪(zhua),先端(duan)(duan)凹(ao)缺深3-10毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.8-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑0.5-0.6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)絲外輪的(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)7.5-14毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內輪的(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4.5-9毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱直立,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.3-2.3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),近基(ji)(ji)部有(you)伸展(zhan)的(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)毛(mao)(mao);柱頭(tou)近球狀,4淺(qian)裂,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5-2.2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑1.2-2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),裂片三角狀卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.6-1.2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先端(duan)(duan)鈍,開花(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)展(zhan)開,明(ming)顯高出(chu)雄蕊(rui)。蒴(shuo)果褐色(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-4.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑3-4毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),疏被(bei)曲(qu)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)與腺(xian)毛(mao)(mao);果梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.4-0.7厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。種(zhong)子(zi)狹(xia)倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)狀,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.6-1.8毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),具短喙,表面(mian)細(xi)網狀紋飾;種(zhong)纓灰白色(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6-9毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),宿存(cun)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期7-8月,果期8-9月。染色(se)體(ti)數n=18。,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.6-2.1厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)0.3一1.4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);葉(xie)柄(bing)不明(ming)顯,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)兩性(xing),生(sheng)于莖(jing)上(shang)(shang)(shang)部葉(xie)腋內,花(hua)(hua)(hua)托延(yan)伸于子(zi)房之上(shang)(shang)(shang)呈(cheng)萼(e)管(guan)狀,花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)裂片4,花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)4,玫瑰(gui)紫色(se);雄蕊(rui)8,不等長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),4長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4短;子(zi)房下位(wei),4室,柱頭(tou)4裂。蒴(shuo)果長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)而狹(xia),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5一3.1厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);種(zhong)于多數,有(you)束毛(mao)(mao),褐色(se),倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.2一1.3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),種(zhong)翅長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5一6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),白褐色(se),宿存(cun)。
南湖柳(liu)葉(xie)菜的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)很特殊(shu),處于(yu)(yu)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)部,氣溫(wen)低,熱量(liang)小,輻射強,風速大(da),礫石(shi)極(ji)多(duo)(duo)的(de)自然(ran)立地條件。年平(ping)均溫(wen)4.7℃,最高(gao)月(yue)平(ping)均溫(wen)10.6℃,最低月(yue)平(ping)均溫(wen)-2.8℃,年降水量(liang)3000毫米左右;由于(yu)(yu)產(chan)地面臨太洋,因(yin)而(er)風速較大(da),日照時數達(da)2076小時。土(tu)壤(rang)為山(shan)(shan)地礫石(shi)土(tu),土(tu)層(ceng)較薄(bo),礫石(shi)極(ji)多(duo)(duo)。生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)斜(xie)坡與冰谷間的(de)巖屑碎(sui)石(shi)中。主(zhu)要伴(ban)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物有北方蒿ArtenusuabireakusPallas、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)毛蓮(lian)草PecrisohwianaKitamura、玉山(shan)(shan)景(jing)天SedummorrisonenseHayata、臺灣地楊梅(mei)LuzulataiwanianaSakate等。南湖大(da)山(shan)(shan)柳(liu)葉(xie)菜因(yin)根系發達(da),植(zhi)株密生(sheng)(sheng)茸毛,葉(xie)面向里卷曲(qu),表(biao)皮細(xi)胞肥(fei)厚而(er)角(jiao)質化,花(hua)葉(xie)細(xi)胞內花(hua)青素多(duo)(duo),能(neng)吸收強烈的(de)紫外光,所以在狹小地段上成群聚(ju)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。花(hua)期(qi)7-8月(yue),果(guo)期(qi)8-9月(yue)。
該植物不能無性繁(fan)殖,宜用種(zhong)子繁(fan)殖,栽(zai)培法可參考(kao)同屬的其它種(zhong)類(lei),亦可試用組織培養(yang)法繁(fan)殖。
南(nan)湖柳葉菜分布極窄(zhai),為臺灣特有的珍貴稀有植(zhi)物(wu)。花大,色彩鮮艷美麗,可供(gong)觀賞與育(yu)種。