生于(yu)干旱草地,海拔1500米。
革苞菊僅見于內蒙古自治區(qu)烏(wu)蘭察布市北部(bu)(bu),巴彥淖爾市北部(bu)(bu)、鄂爾多斯市西部(bu)(bu)及(ji)與蒙古毗鄰的荒漠草原和荒漠地(di)帶。卵葉(xie)變(bian)種產(chan)內蒙古伊克昭盟海渤灣(wan)拉僧(seng)廟(miao)南(nan)
多年生(sheng)(sheng)草本,有(you)(you)(you)粗壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)根狀(zhuang)莖(jing)(jing),基(ji)部(bu)為厚層(ceng)殘存的(de)(de)枯葉(xie)(xie)柄所緊密(mi)圍裹成(cheng)(cheng)徑達(da)6~7厘(li)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)塊狀(zhuang)體(ti);莖(jing)(jing)基(ji)被(bei)棉狀(zhuang)污白色厚茸(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),上(shang)端有(you)(you)(you)少數稀多數簇生(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)單生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)花(hua)莖(jing)(jing)。花(hua)莖(jing)(jing)不(bu)分(fen)枝(zhi),長(chang)2~4厘(li)米(mi)(mi),柔(rou)弱(ruo),徑約2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),被(bei)白色密(mi)茸(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),稍有(you)(you)(you)溝,無(wu)葉(xie)(xie)。葉(xie)(xie)多數生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)莖(jing)(jing)基(ji)上(shang)成(cheng)(cheng)蓮座狀(zhuang)葉(xie)(xie)叢,通(tong)常長(chang)7~15厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬2-4厘(li)米(mi)(mi),有(you)(you)(you)基(ji)部(bu)擴大(da)被(bei)長(chang)茸(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)柄;葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),革(ge)質(zhi),被(bei)疏或(huo)密(mi)的(de)(de)蛛(zhu)絲狀(zhuang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)茸(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),羽狀(zhuang)深(shen)裂(lie)或(huo)淺裂(lie);裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)寬短,有(you)(you)(you)淺齒(chi)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)齒(chi)端而(er)長(chang)約2~4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)硬(ying)刺;中脈在下(xia)面稍凸(tu)起;內(nei)層(ceng)葉(xie)(xie)較狹。頭狀(zhuang)花(hua)序在莖(jing)(jing)端單生(sheng)(sheng),下(xia)垂,徑達(da)2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。總苞(bao)(bao)(bao)倒卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)約1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi);總苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian)(pian)3~4層(ceng),被(bei)蛛(zhu)絲狀(zhuang)棉毛(mao)(mao)(mao),外(wai)層(ceng)由較寬長(chang)的(de)(de)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)葉(xie)(xie)組成(cheng)(cheng),革(ge)質(zhi),綠色,有(you)(you)(you)淺齒(chi)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)齒(chi)端的(de)(de)黃(huang)色刺;內(nei)層(ceng)較短,線狀(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing),無(wu)齒(chi),上(shang)部(bu)稍紫紅色,頂(ding)(ding)端有(you)(you)(you)刺。小花(hua)多數,花(hua)冠管(guan)狀(zhuang),長(chang)7~9毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),干后近(jin)白色,頂(ding)(ding)端褐(he)黃(huang)色;裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)披針形(xing)(xing),稍尖,長(chang)1.2~1.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。花(hua)柱分(fen)枝(zhi)短,卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),頂(ding)(ding)端稍鈍,下(xia)部(bu)稍扁;基(ji)部(bu)膨大(da)。冠毛(mao)(mao)(mao)長(chang)5~6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),污白色,有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)等長(chang)而(er)上(shang)部(bu)稍粗厚的(de)(de)微糙毛(mao)(mao)(mao);瘦果(guo)無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)果(guo)期5~6月。
可以試用種子(zi)繁殖(zhi)。采收和(he)儲(chu)藏:秋季可采收,洗凈,鮮(xian)用或(huo)曬干。
保護價值
本種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)蒙(meng)古高原植(zhi)物區系(xi)的(de)特有(you)種(zhong)(zhong),對(dui)研(yan)究(jiu)亞洲中部植(zhi)物區系(xi)和(he)菊(ju)(ju)科植(zhi)物的(de)系(xi)統(tong)發育(yu)有(you)一(yi)定的(de)科學意義。革(ge)苞(bao)菊(ju)(ju)是(shi)一(yi)個獨立種(zhong)(zhong)。因(yin)此,革(ge)苞(bao)菊(ju)(ju)屬(shu)包含了2個種(zhong)(zhong)。革(ge)苞(bao)菊(ju)(ju)為(wei)(wei)北(bei)阿拉善(shan)一(yi)東戈壁(bi)分布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong),卵葉革(ge)苞(bao)菊(ju)(ju)為(wei)(wei)南阿拉善(shan)東部(桌子山-賀蘭山)低山丘陵分布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong),二者形(xing)成明顯的(de)替代分布(bu)格局。該屬(shu)為(wei)(wei)阿拉善(shan)荒漠(mo)特有(you)屬(shu),亦為(wei)(wei)蒙(meng)古高原特有(you)屬(shu)。僅見(jian)于(yu)荒漠(mo)草原和(he)荒漠(mo)地帶,因(yin)過度放牧,植(zhi)株日趨稀少,應加強保護(hu)。
保護措施
建議在革(ge)苞菊(ju)分布區內,采取有效措施,防止過度放牧,并進(jin)行引種繁(fan)殖(zhi)試驗。