馬洪1920年5月出生于山西定襄(xiang)待陽(yang)村。原名牛(niu)仁(ren)權(quan),曾用名牛(niu)黃、牛(niu)中黃;在延安時,為(wei)準備派往外地(di)做秘密工作的需要,由當時的中央(yang)組織部部長陳云為(wei)他把牛(niu)黃的名字改為(wei)馬洪。
1936年加(jia)入黨所(suo)領導的犧盟(meng)會,1937年參加(jia)了同(tong)蒲鐵(tie)路總工會的籌建并被推薦為同(tong)蒲鐵(tie)路總工會負責人之一,同(tong)年加(jia)入中國共(gong)產黨。
1938年到延(yan)安,馬洪先(xian)后在中央黨校和馬列學院(yuan)(后改名中央研(yan)究院(yuan))學習和工作。
1941年擔任中央研(yan)究院政治研(yan)究室(shi)研(yan)究員、學(xue)術秘書。在(zai)延安(an)期間還(huan)擔任過《共(gong)產黨(dang)人》雜志的(de)編(bian)輯(ji)。
抗(kang)日戰(zhan)爭(zheng)勝利后,馬洪從(cong)延(yan)安被派往(wang)東(dong)北,先在(zai)冀察(cha)熱遼(liao)的寧(ning)城縣擔(dan)任澤區委書(shu)記(ji),后又在(zai)中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)東(dong)北局工作。
建國以(yi)后馬洪(hong)先后任東(dong)北局(ju)政策(ce)研究室(shi)主任、東(dong)北局(ju)委員(yuan)、副秘書長(chang),后調到(dao)中央,任國家計(ji)劃委員(yuan)會委員(yuan)兼秘書長(chang)。
“高(gao)饒事件(jian)”時被(bei)認為(wei)是高(gao)崗的(de)“五虎上(shang)將”之一,下放北京市(shi)第一和(he)第三建筑公司任(ren)副經(jing)理,后又調(diao)任(ren)國家(jia)經(jing)濟委員會(hui)政策研究室任(ren)負責人。
1965-1978年先后擔任化工部(bu)第(di)一設(she)計院(yuan)(yuan)副院(yuan)(yuan)長、北京(jing)石油化工總廠(chang)設(she)計院(yuan)(yuan)副院(yuan)(yuan)長、石化總廠(chang)基本(ben)建設(she)指揮部(bu)副總指揮。
“文革”以后,馬洪(hong)于(yu)1978年受命(ming)創建中國(guo)社(she)會(hui)科學院工業(ye)經濟研(yan)究所并(bing)任所長(chang)。
1979年(nian)任中國社會科(ke)學院副院長。
1982年任(ren)(ren)中國社(she)會(hui)科學院院長兼(jian)任(ren)(ren)國家(jia)機械委員(yuan)會(hui)副主任(ren)(ren)、國務院副秘書(shu)長。
1985年以后(hou),擔任(ren)國務(wu)院經濟(ji)技術(shu)社會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)研(yan)究中心總干事,后(hou)改(gai)名為國務(wu)院發(fa)展(zhan)研(yan)究中心,馬(ma)洪任(ren)主任(ren)。
1993年(nian)以后(hou),任國務院發展研究(jiu)中心名譽主任。
1994年5月起任中國政策科學(xue)研究會(hui)會(hui)長。
馬洪是中國綜合開發研究院(yuan)理(li)事長,中共第十二(er)屆中央候補(bu)委(wei)員(yuan),第十三、十四(si)大代表(biao),第七屆全國人大常委(wei)、財經委(wei)員(yuan)會副(fu)主(zhu)任委(wei)員(yuan)。
馬洪是中(zhong)國社(she)會科學院研(yan)究生(sheng)院博士(shi)生(sheng)導師,兼北京(jing)大(da)學、清華大(da)學、復旦大(da)學、上海交大(da)客座教(jiao)授。
1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)13日生于山西定襄,1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)太原同蒲鐵路管理局(ju),后(hou)參(can)加(jia)犧盟會(hui)。1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)加(jia)入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)。1938年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)入(ru)延(yan)安(an)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)列(lie)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)二班(ban)學(xue)習(xi)。1939年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)畢(bi)業于延(yan)安(an)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)克思列(lie)寧學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(后(hou)改為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan))。曾是(shi)同蒲鐵路總工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)負責人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之一(yi)(yi),1940年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)(dong)任(ren)(ren)《共(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》雜志(zhi)編(bian)輯、1941年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以后(hou)擔任(ren)(ren)延(yan)安(an)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)政治(zhi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)員(yuan)(yuan)、學(xue)術(shu)秘書(shu)、平泉縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)長(chang)(chang)、縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)(wei)書(shu)記、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央冀(ji)察熱遼(liao)分局(ju)秘書(shu)處處長(chang)(chang)。1947年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)(dong)高崗代表中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)局(ju)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)冀(ji)察熱遼(liao)視察工(gong)(gong)(gong)作時(shi),發現了(le)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)洪的(de)(de)(de)才干(gan)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou),1948年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)任(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)局(ju)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央政策研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)(shi)主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)局(ju)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)和(he)副(fu)秘書(shu)長(chang)(chang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)計劃委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)兼(jian)秘書(shu)長(chang)(chang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)委(wei)(wei)政策研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)(shi)負責人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。由于他的(de)(de)(de)成長(chang)(chang)離不開高崗的(de)(de)(de)信任(ren)(ren)與提拔,因涉及“高(崗)饒(漱石)反(fan)(fan)黨(dang)集(ji)團”問題,所(suo)以最(zui)終成了(le)“五虎上將(jiang)”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)員(yuan)(yuan),被撤銷了(le)黨(dang)內(nei)職(zhi)務(wu)。1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue),馬(ma)(ma)(ma)洪被下放到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)市(shi)第(di)三建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程公司任(ren)(ren)副(fu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理,主(zhu)管財務(wu)和(he)材料(liao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue),又(you)被調到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)第(di)一(yi)(yi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)公司任(ren)(ren)副(fu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理。雖然由國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)計委(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)高官直落(luo)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di),馬(ma)(ma)(ma)洪與“五虎上將(jiang)”的(de)(de)(de)其他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)樣,內(nei)心(xin)(xin)苦悶,痛苦憂傷。但(dan)一(yi)(yi)想到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)自(zi)己本(ben)來就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),掌握的(de)(de)(de)知識也都是(shi)來源于實踐(jian),干(gan)脆就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)從頭做起(qi),再到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)實踐(jian)這個(ge)大課(ke)堂去學(xue)習(xi)吧(ba)。于是(shi),馬(ma)(ma)(ma)洪在建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)上摸(mo)爬滾打,努(nu)力學(xue)習(xi),很快就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)熟悉了(le)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)行(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)特點,成為管理方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)家(jia)。他還針對當時(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)某些復古(gu)主(zhu)義傾向,寫(xie)了(le)題為《反(fan)(fan)對華(hua)而不實》的(de)(de)(de)批(pi)評文(wen)章。馬(ma)(ma)(ma)洪的(de)(de)(de)理論才干(gan)并沒有(you)隨著職(zhi)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)下降而被人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們遺忘。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue),馬(ma)(ma)(ma)洪被調到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)新(xin)組建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)政策研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)(shi),以該室(shi)(shi)負責人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)名義從事(shi)調查研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)和(he)起(qi)草政策文(wen)件的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。馬(ma)(ma)(ma)洪在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)一(yi)(yi)干(gan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),他不但(dan)參(can)加(jia)了(le)《工(gong)(gong)(gong)業七(qi)十(shi)條》等重(zhong)要(yao)文(wen)件的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)起(qi)草工(gong)(gong)(gong)作,而且取得了(le)重(zhong)要(yao)學(xue)術(shu)成就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),出版發表了(le)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義工(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)問題》等學(xue)術(shu)著作和(he)一(yi)(yi)系列(lie)論文(wen)。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)部(bu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)設(she)計院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)副(fu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)(chang),1970年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)石油化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)區建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)指揮部(bu)副(fu)指揮(我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)第(di)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)大型(xing)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項目——30萬噸乙烯工(gong)(gong)(gong)程),1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou),任(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社(she)會(hui)科學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)所(suo)長(chang)(chang)、副(fu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)(chang),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社(she)會(hui)科學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)(chang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)建(jian)(jian)(jian)委(wei)(wei)基本(ben)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)所(suo)長(chang)(chang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)副(fu)秘書(shu)長(chang)(chang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)機械工(gong)(gong)(gong)業委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)副(fu)主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)計劃委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)體制改革委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)顧問。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)任(ren)(ren)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)技術(shu)社(she)會(hui)發展研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)總干(gan)事(shi)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)主(zhu)任(ren)(ren),參(can)與了(le)黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)些重(zhong)大政策的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)起(qi)任(ren)(ren)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)名譽主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)。因病(bing)于2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)28日在北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)逝世(shi),享(xiang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)87歲(sui)。
《中國社(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)工業化問題》、《經濟(ji)(ji)結構(gou)與經濟(ji)(ji)管理(li)》、《試論我國社(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)經濟(ji)(ji)發展的(de)新(xin)戰(zhan)略》、《中國經濟(ji)(ji)調整改革與發展》、《社(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)制度下的(de)商品經濟(ji)(ji)》、《中國經濟(ji)(ji)發展新(xin)戰(zhan)略》、《馬洪選集(ji)》。主(zhu)編《當代中國》叢書等。