馬(ma)洪1920年5月出生于山西定襄(xiang)待陽村(cun)。原(yuan)名牛(niu)仁權(quan),曾用名牛(niu)黃(huang)、牛(niu)中黃(huang);在延安時,為準備派往外地做秘密工作的需(xu)要,由當時的中央組織部(bu)部(bu)長陳云(yun)為他把牛(niu)黃(huang)的名字(zi)改為馬(ma)洪。
1936年加入黨(dang)(dang)所領導(dao)的(de)犧盟會(hui),1937年參(can)加了同(tong)蒲(pu)(pu)鐵(tie)路(lu)總工會(hui)的(de)籌建并被推薦為同(tong)蒲(pu)(pu)鐵(tie)路(lu)總工會(hui)負責人(ren)之一,同(tong)年加入中國共(gong)產黨(dang)(dang)。
1938年到延安,馬洪先后(hou)在(zai)中央黨校(xiao)和馬列學(xue)院(后(hou)改名中央研究院)學(xue)習(xi)和工作。
1941年擔任中央(yang)研究院政治研究室研究員、學(xue)術秘書。在延安期間(jian)還擔任過(guo)《共產黨人》雜志的(de)編輯(ji)。
抗日戰爭勝(sheng)利后,馬洪從延安被派(pai)往東(dong)北,先在冀察熱遼的寧城(cheng)縣擔(dan)任澤(ze)區委書(shu)記,后又在中共中央東(dong)北局工作。
建國以(yi)后馬洪先后任(ren)東北局政(zheng)策(ce)研究室主任(ren)、東北局委(wei)員、副秘書(shu)長(chang),后調到中央,任(ren)國家計劃委(wei)員會委(wei)員兼秘書(shu)長(chang)。
“高饒事件”時被認為(wei)是高崗的“五虎(hu)上將”之(zhi)一,下(xia)放北京(jing)市第(di)一和(he)第(di)三建筑公司任副經(jing)(jing)理,后(hou)又(you)調任國家經(jing)(jing)濟委員會政策(ce)研究(jiu)室任負(fu)責人。
1965-1978年先后擔任化(hua)工部第一設計院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)副(fu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)、北京石(shi)(shi)油化(hua)工總(zong)廠(chang)設計院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)副(fu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)、石(shi)(shi)化(hua)總(zong)廠(chang)基本建設指揮部副(fu)總(zong)指揮。
“文革”以后,馬(ma)洪于(yu)1978年(nian)受命創(chuang)建中國社會(hui)科學院工業(ye)經濟研究所并任所長。
1979年任中國社(she)會科學院(yuan)副院(yuan)長。
1982年任中(zhong)國社會(hui)科學院(yuan)院(yuan)長兼任國家(jia)機械(xie)委員會(hui)副(fu)主任、國務院(yuan)副(fu)秘(mi)書長。
1985年以后,擔任(ren)(ren)國(guo)(guo)務院經濟技術社會發(fa)展研究中(zhong)心總干事(shi),后改名為國(guo)(guo)務院發(fa)展研究中(zhong)心,馬洪任(ren)(ren)主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)。
1993年以后,任國務院發展研究中心名譽主任。
1994年5月起任中國政策科學研究(jiu)會會長。
馬洪是中(zhong)國綜合開發(fa)研(yan)究院(yuan)理事(shi)長,中(zhong)共第十二屆中(zhong)央候補委員(yuan),第十三、十四大代(dai)表(biao),第七屆全國人(ren)大常委、財(cai)經委員(yuan)會副主任委員(yuan)。
馬(ma)洪(hong)是中國社會科學(xue)(xue)院研究(jiu)生院博士生導師,兼北京大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、清華大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、復旦(dan)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、上海交(jiao)大(da)(da)客座教授(shou)。
1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)13日生于(yu)(yu)山(shan)西定(ding)襄,1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai)到(dao)太原同蒲鐵路管(guan)理(li)局(ju),后參加犧盟會(hui)(hui)。1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)加入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共產(chan)黨。1938年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)入(ru)延安馬列(lie)(lie)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)二班學(xue)習(xi)。1939年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)畢業(ye)(ye)于(yu)(yu)延安馬克思列(lie)(lie)寧學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(后改為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)院(yuan)(yuan))。曾是(shi)(shi)同蒲鐵路總工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)之(zhi)一(yi),1940年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)任(ren)《共產(chan)黨人(ren)》雜志編輯、1941年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)后擔任(ren)延安中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)院(yuan)(yuan)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)員、學(xue)術(shu)(shu)秘(mi)(mi)書(shu)、平泉縣縣長(chang)(chang)(chang)、縣委(wei)(wei)(wei)書(shu)記、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)冀(ji)察熱遼分局(ju)秘(mi)(mi)書(shu)處處長(chang)(chang)(chang)。1947年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)高(gao)崗(gang)代表(biao)(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)東(dong)北(bei)局(ju)到(dao)冀(ji)察熱遼視察工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時,發(fa)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)馬洪(hong)(hong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)才干(gan)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后,1948年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)任(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)東(dong)北(bei)局(ju)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)主任(ren)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)東(dong)北(bei)局(ju)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員和副(fu)秘(mi)(mi)書(shu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃委(wei)(wei)(wei)員會(hui)(hui)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員兼秘(mi)(mi)書(shu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)經(jing)委(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)。由于(yu)(yu)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成長(chang)(chang)(chang)離不(bu)開高(gao)崗(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)任(ren)與提拔(ba),因涉及“高(gao)(崗(gang))饒(漱石)反黨集團”問題(ti),所以(yi)最終成了(le)(le)(le)(le)“五虎(hu)上將”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)員,被(bei)(bei)撤(che)銷了(le)(le)(le)(le)黨內(nei)職務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue),馬洪(hong)(hong)被(bei)(bei)下放(fang)到(dao)北(bei)京(jing)(jing)市第(di)三建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)公司任(ren)副(fu)經(jing)理(li),主管(guan)財務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和材(cai)料(liao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue),又(you)被(bei)(bei)調到(dao)北(bei)京(jing)(jing)第(di)一(yi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)公司任(ren)副(fu)經(jing)理(li)。雖(sui)然由國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)計(ji)(ji)(ji)委(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)官直落到(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di),馬洪(hong)(hong)與“五虎(hu)上將”的(de)(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)人(ren)一(yi)樣,內(nei)心(xin)(xin)(xin)苦悶,痛(tong)苦憂傷(shang)。但(dan)一(yi)想到(dao)自己本來(lai)(lai)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren),掌(zhang)握的(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)也都(dou)是(shi)(shi)來(lai)(lai)源于(yu)(yu)實(shi)踐,干(gan)脆(cui)就(jiu)從頭做起(qi)(qi),再到(dao)實(shi)踐這(zhe)個大課堂去學(xue)習(xi)吧。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi),馬洪(hong)(hong)在建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)上摸爬滾打,努力學(xue)習(xi),很快就(jiu)熟悉了(le)(le)(le)(le)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點,成為管(guan)理(li)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)行家(jia)。他(ta)還針對當時建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)某些復古(gu)主義傾向,寫了(le)(le)(le)(le)題(ti)為《反對華(hua)而不(bu)實(shi)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)批評文(wen)章。馬洪(hong)(hong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)才干(gan)并沒有隨(sui)著職務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下降而被(bei)(bei)人(ren)們遺忘(wang)。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue),馬洪(hong)(hong)被(bei)(bei)調到(dao)新組建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)經(jing)濟委(wei)(wei)(wei)員會(hui)(hui)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)室(shi),以(yi)該室(shi)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)義從事調查研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)和起(qi)(qi)草政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)文(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。馬洪(hong)(hong)在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)經(jing)濟委(wei)(wei)(wei)員會(hui)(hui)一(yi)干(gan)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),他(ta)不(bu)但(dan)參加了(le)(le)(le)(le)《工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)七十(shi)條》等(deng)重(zhong)要文(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)起(qi)(qi)草工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),而且取得(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)重(zhong)要學(xue)術(shu)(shu)成就(jiu),出版發(fa)表(biao)(biao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社會(hui)(hui)主義工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)問題(ti)》等(deng)學(xue)術(shu)(shu)著作(zuo)(zuo)和一(yi)系列(lie)(lie)論(lun)文(wen)。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)部第(di)一(yi)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)院(yuan)(yuan)副(fu)院(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)(chang)(chang),1970年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏北(bei)京(jing)(jing)石油化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)區建(jian)(jian)(jian)設指(zhi)揮部副(fu)指(zhi)揮(我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)第(di)一(yi)個大型(xing)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項目——30萬噸(dun)乙烯(xi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)),1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后,任(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社會(hui)(hui)科學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所所長(chang)(chang)(chang)、副(fu)院(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)(chang)(chang),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社會(hui)(hui)科學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)院(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)建(jian)(jian)(jian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)基本建(jian)(jian)(jian)設經(jing)濟研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所所長(chang)(chang)(chang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)副(fu)秘(mi)(mi)書(shu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)機(ji)械工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員會(hui)(hui)副(fu)主任(ren)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃委(wei)(wei)(wei)員會(hui)(hui)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)經(jing)濟體制改革(ge)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員會(hui)(hui)顧問。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)任(ren)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)濟技(ji)術(shu)(shu)社會(hui)(hui)發(fa)展研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)總干(gan)事、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)主任(ren),參與了(le)(le)(le)(le)黨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)些重(zhong)大政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)起(qi)(qi)任(ren)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)名(ming)(ming)譽主任(ren)。因病于(yu)(yu)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)28日在北(bei)京(jing)(jing)逝世,享(xiang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)87歲。
《中(zhong)國社會主義工業化問題》、《經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結構(gou)與(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)管理》、《試論(lun)我國社會主義經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展的(de)新戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)》、《中(zhong)國經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)調整改革(ge)與(yu)發(fa)展》、《社會主義制(zhi)度下的(de)商品經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)》、《中(zhong)國經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展新戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)》、《馬洪選集(ji)》。主編《當代中(zhong)國》叢(cong)書等。