長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)松(song)(song)產于吉林(lin)(lin)長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)山(shan)北(bei)坡海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)800-1600米(mi),在(zai)(zai)二(er)道白(bai)(bai)(bai)河(he)以上的(de)林(lin)(lin)中(zhong)組(zu)成小片(pian)純林(lin)(lin);在(zai)(zai)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)1600米(mi)的(de)林(lin)(lin)中(zhong)則與紅(hong)松(song)(song)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)魚鱗(lin)云杉(shan)等混生(sheng)。模式標本采(cai)自長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)山(shan)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)松(song)(song)天然分(fen)布區很狹(xia)窄(zhai),只(zhi)見于吉林(lin)(lin)省(sheng)安圖縣長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)山(shan)北(bei)坡,海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)700-1600米(mi)的(de)二(er)道白(bai)(bai)(bai)河(he)與三道白(bai)(bai)(bai)河(he)沿岸的(de)狹(xia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)地段,尚存小片(pian)純林(lin)(lin)及散生(sheng)林(lin)(lin)木。
長白(bai)松(song)是喬木,高(gao)20-30米,徑25-40厘(li)米,稀(xi)達1米;樹干通直平(ping)滑,基部稍粗糙,棕褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)帶(dai)黃(huang),龜裂(lie),下中部以上樹皮棕黃(huang)色(se)(se)至金(jin)黃(huang)色(se)(se),裂(lie)成(cheng)鱗狀薄片剝(bo)落;冬(dong)芽卵圓形,芽鱗紅(hong)褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se),有樹脂;一(yi)年生枝淡(dan)褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)或(huo)淡(dan)黃(huang)褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se),無(wu)白(bai)粉,二至三年生枝淡(dan)灰褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)或(huo)灰褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)。
針葉2枚一束,長5-8厘米,較(jiao)粗硬,徑1-1.5毫(hao)米;橫切面扁半圓形,單(dan)層皮下(xia)層細胞,維管束之間的(de)距離較(jiao)寬,樹脂道(dao)4-8,邊生(sheng)(sheng),稀角(jiao)部1-2個中生(sheng)(sheng)或背面1個中生(sheng)(sheng)。
一年生小球果近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具短(duan)梗(geng),彎(wan)曲下垂,種鱗具直伸(shen)的(de)短(duan)刺;成熟(shu)的(de)球果卵狀(zhuang)圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),種鱗張開(kai)后(hou)為(wei)橢圓狀(zhuang)卵圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長卵圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長4-5厘米,徑3-4.5厘米,種鱗背部(bu)深(shen)紫(zi)褐色(se),鱗盾斜方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)不(bu)規則4-5角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),灰(hui)色(se)或(huo)淡褐灰(hui)色(se),強隆起(qi)(qi),很少微(wei)(wei)隆起(qi)(qi)或(huo)近平,球果基部(bu)種鱗之(zhi)鱗盾隆起(qi)(qi)部(bu)分(fen)向下彎(wan),橫脊明顯(xian),縱脊不(bu)明顯(xian)或(huo)微(wei)(wei)明顯(xian),鱗臍呈瘤(liu)狀(zhuang)突起(qi)(qi),具易脫落的(de)短(duan)刺。
種子長卵(luan)圓(yuan)形或三角狀(zhuang)卵(luan)圓(yuan)形,長約(yue)(yue)(yue)4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),連翅長約(yue)(yue)(yue)2厘(li)米(mi)(mi),種翅淡褐色,有少數(shu)褐色條(tiao)紋,寬約(yue)(yue)(yue)7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)。
該變(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)針(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)較(jiao)短(duan)(duan),較(jiao)粗硬(ying),葉(xie)(xie)內(nei)(nei)兩維(wei)管(guan)束(shu)之(zhi)間(jian)距(ju)離較(jiao)寬(kuan),種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)的鱗(lin)(lin)盾(dun)(dun)斜(xie)方形(xing)或不(bu)規則多角形(xing),隆起,樹(shu)皮棕褐色(se)帶黃(huang),這(zhe)些(xie)性狀顯(xian)屬歐洲赤(chi)松(song)(song)(P. sylvestris Linn.)的種(zhong)群范圍。它與(yu)樟子松(song)(song)(P. sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.)的區別在于后(hou)者樹(shu)皮為(wei)黃(huang)色(se)至褐黃(huang)色(se)、內(nei)(nei)側金黃(huang)色(se),針(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)更為(wei)粗硬(ying),徑1.5-2毫(hao)米,樹(shu)脂道多達6-11個,球(qiu)果(guo)種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)之(zhi)鱗(lin)(lin)盾(dun)(dun)淡綠(lv)褐色(se);而(er)該變(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)除(chu)(chu)樹(shu)皮顏色(se)與(yu)樟子松(song)(song)不(bu)同外,針(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)比樟子松(song)(song)略(lve)細,徑1-1.5毫(hao)米,球(qiu)果(guo)種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)之(zhi)鱗(lin)(lin)盾(dun)(dun)淡褐灰(hui)色(se)。該變(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)與(yu)赤(chi)松(song)(song)(P. densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.)顯(xian)然(ran)不(bu)同,除(chu)(chu)針(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)較(jiao)粗外,該變(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)針(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)內(nei)(nei)2維(wei)管(guan)束(shu)之(zhi)間(jian)的距(ju)離較(jiao)大,一年生(sheng)小(xiao)球(qiu)果(guo)下垂,具直伸的短(duan)(duan)刺(ci),成熟(shu)(shu)球(qiu)果(guo)之(zhi)種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)的鱗(lin)(lin)盾(dun)(dun)強隆起;而(er)赤(chi)松(song)(song)雖然(ran)變(bian)(bian)(bian)異(yi)很大,但(dan)針(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)內(nei)(nei)2維(wei)管(guan)束(shu)之(zhi)間(jian)的距(ju)離較(jiao)小(xiao),一年生(sheng)小(xiao)球(qiu)果(guo)不(bu)下垂,鱗(lin)(lin)臍具斜(xie)上伸展(zhan)之(zhi)刺(ci),成熟(shu)(shu)球(qiu)果(guo)種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)之(zhi)鱗(lin)(lin)盾(dun)(dun)僅微肥厚或部(bu)分種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)上部(bu)呈角脊狀隆起,這(zhe)些(xie)穩定性狀易與(yu)長白松(song)(song)區別。
長(chang)白(bai)(bai)松(song)為喜光性(xing)強(qiang)、深(shen)根性(xing)樹種(zhong),能適應土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)較少的(de)山脊及(ji)(ji)向陽山坡,以(yi)及(ji)(ji)較干(gan)旱的(de)砂(sha)地(di)及(ji)(ji)石(shi)礫砂(sha)土(tu)(tu)地(di)區。分(fen)布區的(de)氣候溫(wen)涼,濕度(du)大(da),積雪時間(jian)長(chang)。年(nian)平均溫(wen)4.4℃,1月份平均溫(wen)-15℃-18℃,7月份平均溫(wen)20-22℃以(yi)上,極端(duan)最(zui)高溫(wen)37.5℃,極端(duan)最(zui)低(di)溫(wen)-40℃左右;年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量600-1340毫(hao)米(mi),相對(dui)濕度(du)70%以(yi)上,無霜期90-100天。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為發(fa)育在火山灰土(tu)(tu)上的(de)山地(di)暗棕(zong)色(se)(se)森林土(tu)(tu)及(ji)(ji)山地(di)棕(zong)色(se)(se)針葉(xie)森林土(tu)(tu),二氧化硅(Sio2)粉沫(mo)含量大(da),腐殖質含量少,保(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)能低(di)而透(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)能強(qiang),pH值4.7-6.2。長(chang)白(bai)(bai)松(song)為陽性(xing)樹種(zhong),根系深(shen)長(chang),可(ke)耐一定干(gan)旱,在海拔較低(di)的(de)地(di)帶常(chang)組(zu)(zu)成小塊純林,在海拔1300米(mi)以(yi)上常(chang)與紅松(song)、紅皮(pi)云(yun)杉(shan)、長(chang)白(bai)(bai)魚(yu)鱗云(yun)杉(shan)、臭冷杉(shan)、黃(huang)花落葉(xie)松(song)等樹種(zhong)組(zu)(zu)成混(hun)交林。
種子繁殖(zhi),長白松種子既(ji)可秋采(cai)春播(bo),也可在低溫干燥條件下長期(qi)保存(cun)。播(bo)種前(qian)要消毒、催芽,條播(bo)或(huo)散播(bo),播(bo)種后7天出(chu)土,出(chu)苗后要預防立枯病。在高生(sheng)長速(su)生(sheng)期(qi)結束前(qian),要注意(yi)灌(guan)溉,2年即可出(chu)圃造林,避免(mian)營造純林。
長白松可供建(jian)筑(zhu)、枕木(mu)(mu)、電桿、船(chuan)舶、器具(ju)、家具(ju)及木(mu)(mu)纖維(wei)工(gong)業原料(liao)等(deng)用(yong)材。可作(zuo)庭園觀賞及綠化(hua)樹(shu)種。花粉(fen)可入藥(yao),莖干木(mu)(mu)質部提(ti)取(qu)物(wu)也可入藥(yao)。