明朝曾于(yu)山(shan)上蓋有城樓(lou)(lou)樣樓(lou)(lou),是(shi)當時福(fu)州較高的建(jian)筑(zhu)物,又稱鎮(zhen)海樓(lou)(lou)。登(deng)樓(lou)(lou)眺(tiao)望,可(ke)極(ji)目閩江口(kou)。不幸的是(shi)此樓(lou)(lou)毀于(yu)“文化大革命(ming)”中(zhong)。2006年在原址重建(jian)新(xin)樓(lou)(lou)。
屏山(shan)高62米,東南(nan)為冶(ye)(ye)山(shan),旁有歐(ou)冶(ye)(ye)池(chi),相(xiang)傳為春秋時歐(ou)冶(ye)(ye)子(zi)鑄劍處,又稱劍池(chi),華林寺(si)。北麓有1987年新辟的屏山(shan)公(gong)園(yuan),園(yuan)中有不少(shao)游覽點。
漢閩(min)越王(wang)無(wu)諸建(jian)冶(ye)城,相(xiang)傳(chuan)就(jiu)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)東南(nan)(nan)冶(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)帶。冶(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)北有福州較早(zao)的(de)(de)冶(ye)煉遺(yi)址歐冶(ye)池。晉子城、唐(tang)羅城,也都是從此向南(nan)(nan)擴展的(de)(de)。越山(shan)(shan)(shan)巔舊有環(huan)峰亭(ting)、絕學寮,為(wei)(wei)(wei)宋丞相(xiang)張浚讀(du)書處。又有天(tian)泉(quan)(quan)池、泉(quan)(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)堂(tang)、玩(wan)琴(qin)石(shi),相(xiang)傳(chuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)閩(min)越王(wang)鼓琴(qin)處。山(shan)(shan)(shan)下一(yi)(yi)泓(hong)清泉(quan)(quan),傳(chuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)閩(min)越王(wang)飲(yin)馬(ma)泉(quan)(quan),在(zai)今華(hua)林寺(si)(si)(si)大殿(dian)前(qian)院東南(nan)(nan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓有福州第(di)一(yi)(yi)座佛寺(si)(si)(si)——乾元寺(si)(si)(si),毀(hui)于(yu)明初,今半(ban)野軒系(xi)其殘(can)余部分。山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)現(xian)存五(wu)代十國(guo)之一(yi)(yi)吳(wu)越鮑修讓興建(jian)的(de)(de)“越山(shan)(shan)(shan)吉祥(xiang)禪院”,即(ji)今之華(hua)林寺(si)(si)(si)。“寶剎越城邊,千花繡佛前(qian)”,越王(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)宋代就(jiu)是福州的(de)(de)游覽(lan)勝地。南(nan)(nan)宋高宗趙構(gou)曾御書“越山(shan)(shan)(shan)”、“環(huan)峰”刻石(shi)于(yu)寺(si)(si)(si),今殘(can)碑猶存。寺(si)(si)(si)幾(ji)經興廢,僅存大殿(dian),經專家學者論證和C14測定,確認(ren)華(hua)林寺(si)(si)(si)大殿(dian)是千年以前(qian)原構(gou),是長江以南(nan)(nan)較古(gu)老的(de)(de)木構(gou)建(jian)筑,已(yi)列為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單位,在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)古(gu)建(jian)筑中(zhong)占有一(yi)(yi)席之地。明洪武初,跨越王(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)砌石(shi)城,建(jian)城樓(lou)于(yu)其上(shang),稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“樣(yang)樓(lou)”,后更(geng)名鎮海樓(lou),屢毀(hui)屢建(jian),民國(guo)時期改為(wei)(wei)(wei)林森紀念堂(tang),“文(wen)化大革命”中(zhong)被(bei)炸(zha)毀(hui)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)西北有井“苔(tai)泉(quan)(quan)”,又稱(cheng)(cheng)龍舌泉(quan)(quan)。水從山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)峭壁裂縫中(zhong)涌出,流注井中(zhong),微(wei)呈澄藍色,味(wei)清甜(tian),宋代書法(fa)家蔡襄知福州時,喜用這里的(de)(de)水烹茶(cha),今井旁一(yi)(yi)方石(shi)碑,刻“苔(tai)泉(quan)(quan)”,相(xiang)傳(chuan)是蔡襄的(de)(de)手跡。越王(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)因為(wei)(wei)(wei)是閩(min)越國(guo)發祥(xiang)地,早(zao)在(zai)唐(tang)宋就(jiu)禁止(zhi)樵采,是福州較早(zao)的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)。
主(zhu)峰從南向北居高臨下,勢如(ru)率領群(qun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)奔向大海,為(wei)主(zhu)村(cun)之屏(ping)風(feng),故(gu)(gu)名(ming)。宋理(li)學(xue)家(jia)朱熹(xi)結舍(she)講學(xue)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)旁(pang),因此又叫(jiao)(jiao)賢人(ren)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。古(gu)時還叫(jiao)(jiao)魁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),唐(tang)代(dai)以前,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的前面一(yi)片汪洋(yang),民居只能沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)建屋,唐(tang)末至兩宋間,這里(li)人(ren)才輩出,高魁蟬朕,故(gu)(gu)得名(ming)魁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),境(jing)為(wei)魁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)境(jing)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)旁(pang)路邊(bian)大崖面上勒有楷書(shu)“魁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”二字(zi),后因建設水渠被打掉,福(fu)建省(sheng)副省(sheng)長潘心城在原處(chu)補書(shu)“魁元”二字(zi),里(li)面有一(yi)處(chu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峪,地名(ming)叫(jiao)(jiao)魁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)里(li),故(gu)(gu)屏(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、賢人(ren)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、魁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),三名(ming)并(bing)傳(chuan)。
該山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)500米,面(mian)積約1000畝(mu),北(bei)面(mian)臨鼎溪,與柏(bo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)對峙,東面(mian)一(yi)(yi)片(pian)平原(yuan),萬畝(mu)良田(tian),距山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)三公里就是大海(hai)(hai)。西面(mian)是蓄水一(yi)(yi)千萬立方米的(de)三溪水庫,以及(ji)環山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)諸村(cun)。南面(mian)與邦上(shang)村(cun)、犰(qiu)侖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)及(ji)福清七(qi)社諸村(cun)交界。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巔羅列大小不一(yi)(yi)、千姿百態、挺秀(xiu)而(er)出的(de)奇(qi)峰怪石(shi)(shi),猶如萬笏朝天,生(sheng)長有(you)(you)兩面(mian)針、鳳尾草(cao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)種藥材,種植地瓜(甘薯)、果樹等(deng)(deng)(deng),并儲存大量優質花崗石(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)天龍井、豸石(shi)(shi)、龍嗡泉等(deng)(deng)(deng)名(ming)勝(sheng)古跡和邑十二大景之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)“屏嶂鋪霞”,千年(nian)古剎——朝元觀,朱熹(xi)講(jiang)學處——紫陽(yang)閣(ge),香梅軒,鐘秀(xiu)毓(yu)英(ying)牌坊等(deng)(deng)(deng)古建筑,明代陳省(sheng)崖刻(ke)等(deng)(deng)(deng)亦(yi)在其(qi)旁。來在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)新(xin)建觀海(hai)(hai)亭、望月亭和各種休(xiu)閑場(chang)所,通往各個景點道路都鋪上(shang)石(shi)(shi)條。巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)華(hua)國鋒、賈(jia)慶林、田(tian)紀(ji)云、王兆國、賀(he)國強等(deng)(deng)(deng)黨(dang)和國家領導人,以及(ji)陳明義、袁啟彤(tong)、游德馨、何(he)少(shao)川、張家坤、潘心城、陳奮武等(deng)(deng)(deng)省(sheng)領導和書法(fa)名(ming)家的(de)書寫(xie)巖(yan)刻(ke)。