明朝曾于(yu)山(shan)上蓋有城樓(lou)樣樓(lou),是當(dang)時福州較高的建筑物,又稱鎮海樓(lou)。登樓(lou)眺(tiao)望,可(ke)極(ji)目閩(min)江(jiang)口。不幸的是此(ci)樓(lou)毀于(yu)“文化大革命(ming)”中。2006年在原址(zhi)重建新樓(lou)。
屏山高62米,東南為冶山,旁有歐冶池,相傳為春秋時歐冶子鑄(zhu)劍處,又(you)稱劍池,華林寺。北麓(lu)有1987年新(xin)辟的(de)屏山公園,園中有不少(shao)游覽點。
漢閩(min)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)無(wu)諸建冶城,相(xiang)傳(chuan)就(jiu)(jiu)在山(shan)的東南冶山(shan)一(yi)帶。冶山(shan)北有(you)(you)福(fu)州較(jiao)早的冶煉遺址歐冶池。晉(jin)子城、唐羅(luo)城,也都是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)此向(xiang)南擴展的。越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)巔舊(jiu)有(you)(you)環峰亭、絕學(xue)寮,為(wei)宋丞相(xiang)張(zhang)浚讀書(shu)處。又有(you)(you)天泉(quan)池、泉(quan)山(shan)堂、玩琴石(shi),相(xiang)傳(chuan)為(wei)閩(min)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)鼓琴處。山(shan)下一(yi)泓清泉(quan),傳(chuan)為(wei)閩(min)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)飲馬泉(quan),在今華林(lin)寺(si)(si)大殿前(qian)院(yuan)東南。山(shan)南麓(lu)有(you)(you)福(fu)州第一(yi)座佛寺(si)(si)——乾元寺(si)(si),毀于明初(chu),今半野軒系其(qi)殘余部分(fen)。山(shan)南現存五代十國之(zhi)一(yi)吳越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)鮑修(xiu)讓(rang)興(xing)建的“越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)吉(ji)祥(xiang)禪院(yuan)”,即(ji)今之(zhi)華林(lin)寺(si)(si)。“寶剎越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)城邊,千花繡佛前(qian)”,越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)山(shan)在宋代就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)福(fu)州的游(you)覽(lan)勝地(di)。南宋高(gao)宗(zong)趙(zhao)構(gou)曾御書(shu)“越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)”、“環峰”刻石(shi)于寺(si)(si),今殘碑(bei)猶(you)存。寺(si)(si)幾經興(xing)廢,僅存大殿,經專家學(xue)者論證和C14測定(ding),確認華林(lin)寺(si)(si)大殿是(shi)(shi)(shi)千年以前(qian)原構(gou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)長江以南較(jiao)古老的木構(gou)建筑(zhu),已列為(wei)全(quan)國重點文(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位,在全(quan)國古建筑(zhu)中(zhong)占有(you)(you)一(yi)席之(zhi)地(di)。明洪武初(chu),跨越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)山(shan)砌石(shi)城,建城樓于其(qi)上(shang),稱為(wei)“樣樓”,后更名鎮海樓,屢毀屢建,民國時(shi)期改(gai)為(wei)林(lin)森紀(ji)念堂,“文(wen)化大革命”中(zhong)被炸毀。山(shan)西北有(you)(you)井“苔(tai)泉(quan)”,又稱龍舌泉(quan)。水(shui)(shui)從(cong)山(shan)的峭壁(bi)裂縫中(zhong)涌(yong)出,流注井中(zhong),微(wei)呈澄藍色,味清甜,宋代書(shu)法家蔡襄(xiang)知(zhi)福(fu)州時(shi),喜用這里的水(shui)(shui)烹茶,今井旁一(yi)方(fang)石(shi)碑(bei),刻“苔(tai)泉(quan)”,相(xiang)傳(chuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)蔡襄(xiang)的手(shou)跡。越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)山(shan)因為(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)閩(min)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)國發祥(xiang)地(di),早在唐宋就(jiu)(jiu)禁(jin)止樵采,是(shi)(shi)(shi)福(fu)州較(jiao)早的歷史文(wen)化保(bao)護(hu)區。
主峰從南向北居高臨下,勢如率(lv)領群山(shan)(shan)(shan)奔向大(da)(da)海,為主村(cun)之屏(ping)風,故名。宋(song)(song)理學(xue)家朱(zhu)熹(xi)結舍講學(xue)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)旁,因(yin)此(ci)又叫賢(xian)人(ren)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。古時還叫魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan),唐(tang)代以前(qian)(qian),山(shan)(shan)(shan)的前(qian)(qian)面(mian)一片汪(wang)洋,民居只(zhi)能(neng)沿山(shan)(shan)(shan)建(jian)(jian)屋(wu),唐(tang)末至兩宋(song)(song)間,這里人(ren)才輩出,高魁(kui)蟬(chan)朕,故得名魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan),境(jing)為魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)境(jing)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)旁路邊大(da)(da)崖面(mian)上勒(le)有楷書(shu)“魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”二字,后因(yin)建(jian)(jian)設水渠被打掉,福(fu)建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)副(fu)省(sheng)長潘心城(cheng)在原(yuan)處(chu)補書(shu)“魁(kui)元”二字,里面(mian)有一處(chu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峪,地名叫魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)里,故屏(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、賢(xian)人(ren)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan),三名并傳。
該山海拔500米(mi),面(mian)(mian)積約1000畝(mu),北面(mian)(mian)臨(lin)鼎溪(xi),與柏山對峙(zhi),東面(mian)(mian)一(yi)片平原(yuan),萬畝(mu)良(liang)田,距山三公里就是(shi)大(da)海。西面(mian)(mian)是(shi)蓄水(shui)一(yi)千萬立方(fang)米(mi)的三溪(xi)水(shui)庫(ku),以(yi)及(ji)環山諸村(cun)。南面(mian)(mian)與邦上(shang)(shang)村(cun)、犰(qiu)侖山及(ji)福(fu)清七社諸村(cun)交(jiao)界。山巔羅列(lie)大(da)小不一(yi)、千姿百態、挺秀(xiu)而(er)出(chu)的奇峰怪石(shi),猶如萬笏朝天,生(sheng)長(chang)有(you)兩面(mian)(mian)針、鳳尾草等多種藥材,種植地瓜(甘(gan)薯)、果樹(shu)等,并儲存(cun)大(da)量優質花崗石(shi)。有(you)天龍井、豸(zhi)石(shi)、龍嗡泉(quan)等名勝古跡和(he)(he)邑十二大(da)景(jing)之一(yi)“屏嶂鋪霞”,千年古剎——朝元觀,朱熹講學處——紫陽閣,香(xiang)梅軒,鐘秀(xiu)毓英牌坊(fang)等古建筑,明代(dai)陳(chen)(chen)省(sheng)(sheng)崖刻等亦在(zai)(zai)其旁。來在(zai)(zai)山上(shang)(shang)新建觀海亭(ting)、望(wang)月亭(ting)和(he)(he)各(ge)種休閑場所,通往各(ge)個景(jing)點道路都鋪上(shang)(shang)石(shi)條。巖石(shi)中有(you)華(hua)國(guo)鋒、賈慶林、田紀云(yun)、王兆國(guo)、賀國(guo)強等黨和(he)(he)國(guo)家領導人,以(yi)及(ji)陳(chen)(chen)明義(yi)、袁啟彤、游(you)德馨、何少川、張(zhang)家坤、潘心城、陳(chen)(chen)奮武等省(sheng)(sheng)領導和(he)(he)書(shu)法名家的書(shu)寫巖刻。