明(ming)朝(chao)曾于山(shan)上蓋有城樓(lou)(lou)樣樓(lou)(lou),是當時福州(zhou)較(jiao)高的建筑(zhu)物,又稱(cheng)鎮海樓(lou)(lou)。登樓(lou)(lou)眺望,可極目(mu)閩江口。不幸的是此樓(lou)(lou)毀于“文化大革命(ming)”中。2006年在原址(zhi)重建新樓(lou)(lou)。
屏(ping)山高62米,東南為冶(ye)山,旁有歐冶(ye)池(chi),相傳為春秋時歐冶(ye)子鑄劍處(chu),又稱劍池(chi),華林(lin)寺。北(bei)麓有1987年新辟的(de)屏(ping)山公園,園中有不少游覽點(dian)。
漢閩(min)越(yue)(yue)王(wang)無諸建(jian)冶(ye)城(cheng)(cheng),相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)傳就在山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東南冶(ye)山(shan)一(yi)帶。冶(ye)山(shan)北有(you)(you)(you)福(fu)州(zhou)(zhou)較(jiao)(jiao)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)冶(ye)煉遺址歐冶(ye)池。晉子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)、唐羅(luo)城(cheng)(cheng),也(ye)都是從此(ci)向南擴展的(de)(de)(de)(de)。越(yue)(yue)山(shan)巔舊有(you)(you)(you)環峰(feng)亭、絕學(xue)寮,為宋(song)丞相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)張浚讀書處。又(you)有(you)(you)(you)天泉(quan)(quan)池、泉(quan)(quan)山(shan)堂、玩琴石(shi),相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)傳為閩(min)越(yue)(yue)王(wang)鼓琴處。山(shan)下一(yi)泓清泉(quan)(quan),傳為閩(min)越(yue)(yue)王(wang)飲馬泉(quan)(quan),在今華(hua)林(lin)(lin)寺大殿前(qian)院東南。山(shan)南麓(lu)有(you)(you)(you)福(fu)州(zhou)(zhou)第一(yi)座(zuo)佛寺——乾元寺,毀(hui)于明初(chu),今半野軒系其殘余部(bu)分。山(shan)南現存五代(dai)十(shi)國之一(yi)吳越(yue)(yue)鮑(bao)修(xiu)讓興(xing)(xing)建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“越(yue)(yue)山(shan)吉祥禪院”,即(ji)今之華(hua)林(lin)(lin)寺。“寶剎(cha)越(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)邊,千花繡佛前(qian)”,越(yue)(yue)王(wang)山(shan)在宋(song)代(dai)就是福(fu)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)游覽(lan)勝地(di)。南宋(song)高宗趙構曾(ceng)御書“越(yue)(yue)山(shan)”、“環峰(feng)”刻石(shi)于寺,今殘碑猶(you)存。寺幾(ji)經(jing)興(xing)(xing)廢,僅存大殿,經(jing)專家(jia)學(xue)者論證和C14測(ce)定,確(que)認華(hua)林(lin)(lin)寺大殿是千年(nian)以(yi)前(qian)原構,是長江以(yi)南較(jiao)(jiao)古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)木構建(jian)筑,已列為全國重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物保護單(dan)位,在全國古建(jian)筑中(zhong)占有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)席之地(di)。明洪武(wu)初(chu),跨越(yue)(yue)王(wang)山(shan)砌石(shi)城(cheng)(cheng),建(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)于其上,稱(cheng)為“樣樓(lou)”,后更名鎮海樓(lou),屢毀(hui)屢建(jian),民國時期改為林(lin)(lin)森(sen)紀念堂,“文(wen)(wen)化(hua)大革命”中(zhong)被炸毀(hui)。山(shan)西北有(you)(you)(you)井“苔泉(quan)(quan)”,又(you)稱(cheng)龍舌泉(quan)(quan)。水(shui)從山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)峭壁裂(lie)縫中(zhong)涌出(chu),流(liu)注井中(zhong),微呈澄藍色,味清甜(tian),宋(song)代(dai)書法家(jia)蔡(cai)襄(xiang)知福(fu)州(zhou)(zhou)時,喜用這里的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)烹(peng)茶,今井旁一(yi)方石(shi)碑,刻“苔泉(quan)(quan)”,相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)傳是蔡(cai)襄(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手跡。越(yue)(yue)王(wang)山(shan)因為是閩(min)越(yue)(yue)國發祥地(di),早在唐宋(song)就禁止(zhi)樵采(cai),是福(fu)州(zhou)(zhou)較(jiao)(jiao)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史文(wen)(wen)化(hua)保護區。
主峰從(cong)南向北居高臨下,勢如率領群山(shan)(shan)(shan)奔向大(da)海,為主村之屏(ping)風,故名。宋(song)理學(xue)家(jia)朱(zhu)熹結舍講(jiang)學(xue)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)旁,因此又叫(jiao)賢(xian)人(ren)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。古(gu)時還(huan)叫(jiao)魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan),唐代以前,山(shan)(shan)(shan)的前面一片汪(wang)洋,民居只能沿山(shan)(shan)(shan)建屋,唐末(mo)至兩宋(song)間(jian),這里(li)(li)人(ren)才輩出,高魁(kui)蟬朕,故得名魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan),境為魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)境。山(shan)(shan)(shan)旁路(lu)邊大(da)崖面上勒有楷書“魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”二(er)(er)字,后(hou)因建設水(shui)渠被打掉,福建省副省長潘心(xin)城(cheng)在原處(chu)補書“魁(kui)元”二(er)(er)字,里(li)(li)面有一處(chu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峪,地名叫(jiao)魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)里(li)(li),故屏(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、賢(xian)人(ren)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan),三(san)名并傳(chuan)。
該山(shan)(shan)(shan)海(hai)拔500米,面(mian)(mian)積約(yue)1000畝(mu),北面(mian)(mian)臨鼎溪,與(yu)柏山(shan)(shan)(shan)對峙,東面(mian)(mian)一(yi)片平原,萬畝(mu)良(liang)田(tian),距山(shan)(shan)(shan)三公(gong)里就是(shi)大海(hai)。西(xi)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)蓄(xu)水一(yi)千(qian)萬立方米的(de)(de)三溪水庫,以及(ji)環(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)諸(zhu)村(cun)。南(nan)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)邦(bang)上村(cun)、犰侖(lun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)及(ji)福清七(qi)社諸(zhu)村(cun)交(jiao)界。山(shan)(shan)(shan)巔羅列(lie)大小不(bu)一(yi)、千(qian)姿百態(tai)、挺秀(xiu)而(er)出(chu)的(de)(de)奇峰怪石,猶如萬笏朝(chao)天,生長有(you)兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)針(zhen)、鳳尾草(cao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)種藥材(cai),種植(zhi)地瓜(gua)(甘(gan)薯)、果樹等(deng)(deng)(deng),并儲存大量優質花(hua)崗石。有(you)天龍井(jing)、豸石、龍嗡泉等(deng)(deng)(deng)名勝(sheng)古(gu)跡和(he)邑十二大景之一(yi)“屏(ping)嶂鋪(pu)霞(xia)”,千(qian)年古(gu)剎——朝(chao)元觀,朱(zhu)熹(xi)講學(xue)處——紫陽閣(ge),香梅軒,鐘秀(xiu)毓英牌坊等(deng)(deng)(deng)古(gu)建筑,明(ming)代陳(chen)省崖刻等(deng)(deng)(deng)亦在(zai)其旁。來(lai)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上新建觀海(hai)亭(ting)、望月(yue)亭(ting)和(he)各(ge)種休閑(xian)場所,通往各(ge)個景點道路都(dou)鋪(pu)上石條。巖(yan)石中有(you)華國(guo)鋒、賈慶(qing)林、田(tian)紀云、王(wang)兆國(guo)、賀國(guo)強等(deng)(deng)(deng)黨和(he)國(guo)家領導人,以及(ji)陳(chen)明(ming)義、袁啟彤(tong)、游德馨、何少(shao)川、張家坤、潘心城、陳(chen)奮武等(deng)(deng)(deng)省領導和(he)書法名家的(de)(de)書寫巖(yan)刻。