網(wang)湖(hu)濕地(di)自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區主要保(bao)護(hu)(hu)網(wang)湖(hu)濕地(di)生態系統;珍稀瀕危(wei)野生動植物(wu)資源(yuan)及其棲息(xi)地(di),特別(bie)是東(dong)方白(bai)(bai)鸛、黑鸛、白(bai)(bai)鶴3種國(guo)家一級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥類(lei)小天(tian)鵝、白(bai)(bai)額雁、白(bai)(bai)頭鷂、灰鶴等29種國(guo)家二級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥類(lei)及鴻雁的棲息(xi)地(di);冬候(hou)鳥和夏(xia)候(hou)鳥的棲息(xi)繁(fan)殖(zhi)地(di)以及中華絹絲(si)麗蚌天(tian)然養殖(zhi)區。
湖泊
網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地自然保護區(qu)內主要由網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)朱(zhu)(zhu)婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)組(zu)成,核心區(qu)四周中(zhong)(zhong)小型湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)星羅棋布,東(dong)有(you)(you)王港湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、楊賽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)新(xin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu),南(nan)邊從東(dong)到西(xi)依(yi)次有(you)(you)夾節湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、大坡湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、小坡湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、神(shen)靈湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、吳家曬湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、下(xia)羊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、小賽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、牛湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、下(xia)西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)朱(zhu)(zhu)家義湖(hu)(hu)(hu),西(xi)北有(you)(you)賽橋湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、道士湖(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)下(xia)司湖(hu)(hu)(hu),緊靠良薦湖(hu)(hu)(hu),北有(you)(you)碧山湖(hu)(hu)(hu)。在西(xi)邊的緩沖區(qu)還有(you)(you)紅星塘和(he)(he)東(dong)風塘,寶塔(ta)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、和(he)(he)十里湖(hu)(hu)(hu)內的精(jing)養魚池眾多,區(qu)外還有(you)(you)石灰賽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)群。
水系
按天然分水,保護區隸屬富河(he)水系,直接承受周邊(bian)河(he)流來(lai)水。主要有四大河(he)流,即富河(he)、良薦河(he)、樟橋(qiao)河(he)和清江河(he)。
富水(shui)(shui):從(cong)保護區中央穿(chuan)過(guo)流入長江,發源于通(tong)山(shan)、崇陽(yang)、修水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)交界(jie)處三界(jie)尖通(tong)山(shan)一(yi)側,匯于富水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku),從(cong)富水(shui)(shui)起至富池口入長江,全(quan)長196公里(li),總落差613m,河寬從(cong)堤(di)岸到堤(di)岸,最寬處約(yue)1000m,最窄處為300m左右。
長樂源河(he)(he):進保護(hu)區為良(liang)薦(jian)河(he)(he),總長38.2公里(li),流(liu)域面(mian)積293.3平方(fang)公里(li),在(zai)保護(hu)區內長15km,發源于(yu)錫瓶山、父子山南麓,流(liu)經三宮殿、石(shi)家大(da)橋(qiao)、潘(pan)家大(da)橋(qiao)處,于(yu)柏樹下、喉嚨(long)嘴(zui)之間入(ru)良(liang)薦(jian)湖,復往東入(ru)賽(sai)橋(qiao)湖,會盛家嘴(zui)與(yu)碧山湖來水(shui)后,出賽(sai)橋(qiao)口入(ru)網湖,又接(jie)納向錄張、大(da)眾山、黃金山方(fang)向的(de)來水(shui),往南匯入(ru)網湖,出富河(he)(he)。
樟橋(qiao)河:發源(yuan)于瑞昌市(shi)大德垴,入陽新境后,稱干港(gang),流經皮家(jia)山、樟橋(qiao)、港(gang)下垅后,在黃(huang)橋(qiao)畈北納瑞昌市(shi)下灣來(lai)水,再經小(xiao)坡(po)塘、夾節(jie)湖入朱婆湖。
清江河(he)(he):又名冷水源(yuan)河(he)(he),發源(yuan)于瑞昌市境內,流經(jing)何月朗、外倉下(xia)等處(chu),接(jie)納楊柳井、大沿沖方向(xiang)來水,過湖田(tian)畈、石田(tian)驛后,過牛湖,入絨湖,至(zhi)龍下(xia)水處(chu)入富河(he)(he)。
網湖
網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)7265hm2,網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系總(zong)承(cheng)雨面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)70000hm2。為保護區的(de)(de)(de)核心區之(zhi)一。每(mei)年夏季(ji)(ji),網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)受長(chang)江(jiang)漲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),富河(he)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)頂托或倒(dao)灌(guan)和(he)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)內漬,由于降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)內漬和(he)江(jiang)洪倒(dao)灌(guan),網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)溝渠河(he)道便和(he)湖(hu)(hu)區連成(cheng)一片汪洋(yang),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)可達6801.47hm2(水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)6-7m),據陽新(xin)縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)站(zhan)測定(ding),網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)最高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位為22.5m,最低水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位為13.2m,平均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位15.5m,平均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)3.51m。而在秋、冬及早春枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)季(ji)(ji)節,隨著湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排河(he),部分地(di)方露(lu)出地(di)表,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)約3800hm2(水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)0.5-3m)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(占(zhan)平水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)74%),其余部分則形(xing)成(cheng)了大片的(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)濘沼澤(ze)草甸,構成(cheng)了淺湖(hu)(hu)-沼澤(ze)-草甸、丘陵相連續的(de)(de)(de)濕地(di)生態系統。網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)承(cheng)雨面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)35000hm2,湖(hu)(hu)泊容(rong)量(liang)為27300萬立(li)方米,占(zhan)陽新(xin)縣主要水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源總(zong)量(liang)(230000萬立(li)方米)的(de)(de)(de)10%,不含年過(guo)境客水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)160000萬立(li)方米。
富河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)眾多,在(zai)(zai)分洪道兩岸現有網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱(zhu)婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)未被圍墾成農田,仍為(wei)(wei)常(chang)年(nian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)群。建國(guo)(guo)初(chu)期(qi),當(dang)網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)21.5m時(shi)(shi)(shi),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)連接五里湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、十(shi)里湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、牧羊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、百(bai)煞湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)百(bai)十(shi)來個(ge)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo),總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)400多km2,相應容積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)5億立方米,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底高程7.3m;朱(zhu)婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)20m時(shi)(shi)(shi),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)18km2,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底高程12.3m;賽橋湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)21m時(shi)(shi)(shi),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)3.3km2。到80年(nian)代,保持與建國(guo)(guo)初(chu)期(qi)相差(cha)無幾。2001年(nian)調查統計,網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)15m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深0.7m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)4.3km2;在(zai)(zai)豐(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深7m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)20km2;在(zai)(zai)平水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)22m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深3m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)12.15km2。石(shi)灰寨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)15m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深1m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)4.3km2;在(zai)(zai)豐(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深5m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)15.3km2;在(zai)(zai)平水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)23m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深2m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3.3km2。絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)20m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深1m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1.7km2;在(zai)(zai)豐(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深5m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3km2;在(zai)(zai)平水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)22m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深3m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1km2。
水質
從總體看來,湖泊(bo)水(shui)體理化(hua)(hua)性(xing)質基本與天然(ran)狀態下一致(zhi),湖泊(bo)水(shui)質良好,水(shui)體透明(ming)度1.3m,pH值在6.3--6.8之(zhi)間,電導率(lv)波動在220-309微西門子/cm之(zhi)間,溶氧(yang)量變動在7.2--12.3mg/1之(zhi)間,平(ping)均為(wei)(wei)9.27mg/l,化(hua)(hua)學(xue)耗氧(yang)量為(wei)(wei)7.50mg/l,礦化(hua)(hua)度在146--240.67mg/l之(zhi)間,平(ping)均為(wei)(wei)189.52 mg/l。
湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)省(sheng)級自然保護區(qu),地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)幕阜(fu)山(shan)脈向(xiang)長江中下(xia)游平原的過(guo)渡地(di)(di)(di)帶,系(xi)富河與(yu)長江交匯(hui)處(chu)的匯(hui)水(shui)區(qu),主要由網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱(zhu)(zhu)婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、寶塔湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、賽橋湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、良薦湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、石灰(hui)賽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下(xia)羊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。地(di)(di)(di)貌上屬(shu)于泥(ni)砂沉積(ji)形成(cheng)(cheng)的永久性內(nei)陸淡水(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo),組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)物質為(wei)河湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沉積(ji)物,系(xi)因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)質運動、泥(ni)砂沉積(ji),經圍(wei)(wei)堤(di)(di)改造而形成(cheng)(cheng)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底(di)海(hai)拔為(wei)7.3m。解放以前,每(mei)逢泛水(shui)季節,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面周逾百余(yu)里(li),秋冬之(zhi)際,水(shui)位下(xia)落,各(ge)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)始分,統稱為(wei)泛區(qu)水(shui)系(xi)。建國后,由于泛水(shui)區(qu)修(xiu)筑(zhu)堤(di)(di)壩(ba)、圍(wei)(wei)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)造田等(deng)活動,各(ge)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)便形成(cheng)(cheng)封閉型水(shui)體,水(shui)陸面積(ji)相對穩定(ding)。網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱(zhu)(zhu)婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)三(san)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)緊緊相連,僅一(yi)河堤(di)(di)之(zhi)隔,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)經富河匯(hui)合流入(ru)長江。
網湖(hu)南面為(wei)(wei)石灰(hui)質構造的(de)低山(shan),沿湖(hu)岸(an)(an)分布,最高海(hai)拔為(wei)(wei)439.5m。地質地層由奧陶系(xi)寒武紀形成(cheng),屬寶(bao)塔組,為(wei)(wei)淺(qian)灰(hui)色,中厚層龜(gui)裂紋(wen)灰(hui)巖與泥質灰(hui)巖,或與生物碎屑灰(hui)巖互層。網湖(hu)北面為(wei)(wei)砂頁巖、礫(li)巖、第四紀紅土,由山(shan)地侵(qin)蝕堆積形成(cheng)的(de)丘陵崗地,按長條形土崗和寬窄不(bu)等的(de)溝坳相間排列(lie),呈樹枝狀向湖(hu)心傾斜延伸,形成(cheng)岬灣形湖(hu)岸(an)(an),最高海(hai)拔為(wei)(wei)355m。
整個保護區形成(cheng)南北高(gao),東西低的(de)峽(xia)狀湖(hu)區。保護區地(di)層從(cong)寒武系(xi)中一上統至第四系(xi)均有出露(lu),其中以(yi)古(gu)生界較發育。中生界以(yi)下三選統大冶群為(wei)主,常與古(gu)生界地(di)層相伴出露(lu),組成(cheng)向(xiang)斜(xie)構造軸部。
寒武系(xi)(xi)為(wei)最老地(di)(di)層(ceng)。只有(you)(you)中一(yi)(yi)上(shang)統(tong)出(chu)(chu)露(lu),由(you)一(yi)(yi)套海相(xiang)含鎂碳(tan)酸巖(yan)(yan)(yan)鹽組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)布富水(shui)-鳳凰咀一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)。按巖(yan)(yan)(yan)性可(ke)劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)三個巖(yan)(yan)(yan)性段。寒武系(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)可(ke)供(gong)煉金(jin)屬鎂及(ji)(ji)(ji)作熔劑用的(de)(de)白云巖(yan)(yan)(yan)礦床(點)及(ji)(ji)(ji)蝕變型金(jin)礦點。區內(nei)奧陶系(xi)(xi)發育比較(jiao)完整,出(chu)(chu)露(lu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)小,但露(lu)頭良(liang)好,層(ceng)序清楚,并與寒武系(xi)(xi)相(xiang)伴出(chu)(chu)露(lu).組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)背斜(xie)翼部(bu)地(di)(di)層(ceng)。奧陶系(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)蝕變型金(jin)、銅等(deng)礦(化)點和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)礦產分(fen)(fen)(fen)布。志(zhi)留(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)層(ceng)是區內(nei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布較(jiao)廣(guang)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個地(di)(di)層(ceng)單位,出(chu)(chu)露(lu)于富水(shui)等(deng)地(di)(di)區,多(duo)(duo)呈東西走向,組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)背斜(xie)的(de)(de)軸部(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)翼部(bu).在(zai)地(di)(di)貌上(shang)多(duo)(duo)形(xing)成(cheng)低山、丘陵或垅崗(gang)地(di)(di)形(xing)。志(zhi)留(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)中統(tong)底部(bu)有(you)(you)磷礦點分(fen)(fen)(fen)布,泥盒系(xi)(xi)常與志(zhi)留(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)層(ceng)相(xiang)伴出(chu)(chu)露(lu),多(duo)(duo)呈條帶(dai)(dai)狀(zhuang)延伸(shen),為(wei)一(yi)(yi)套河(he)流相(xiang)碎屑沉積(ji)(ji)(ji),主要由(you)灰白色中~厚層(ceng)狀(zhuang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)狀(zhuang)砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)不穩定的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)礫巖(yan)(yan)(yan)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)炭系(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)層(ceng)一(yi)(yi)般露(lu)頭較(jiao)好,化石(shi)(shi)(shi)豐富。二(er)迭(die)(die)系(xi)(xi)在(zai)區內(nei)二(er)迭(die)(die)系(xi)(xi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布較(jiao)廣(guang),出(chu)(chu)露(lu)良(liang)好,含有(you)(you)煤及(ji)(ji)(ji)硫鐵(tie)礦地(di)(di)層(ceng)。三迭(die)(die)系(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)層(ceng)在(zai)區內(nei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布較(jiao)廣(guang),表現為(wei)一(yi)(yi)套淺(qian)海相(xiang)碳(tan)酸鹽巖(yan)(yan)(yan)沉積(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)層(ceng),有(you)(you)白云巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)礦產分(fen)(fen)(fen)布.侏(zhu)羅系(xi)(xi)和(he)第(di)三系(xi)(xi)-白堊系(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)層(ceng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布較(jiao)小,露(lu)頭孤(gu)零。第(di)四系(xi)(xi)在(zai)保護區內(nei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布較(jiao)廣(guang),為(wei)一(yi)(yi)套坡(po)積(ji)(ji)(ji)、沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)沖(chong)洪(hong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)松散堆積(ji)(ji)(ji)物。按其成(cheng)因類(lei)型包括殘(can)坡(po)積(ji)(ji)(ji)、沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)、洪(hong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)、湖積(ji)(ji)(ji)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)類(lei)型。
湖北(bei)網湖濕地省(sheng)(sheng)級自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)處于長江(jiang)(jiang)中下游(you)南岸,長江(jiang)(jiang)與(yu)富水交匯的(de)三角地帶(dai)。位于湖北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)黃(huang)石市(shi)陽新縣境內,地處東徑115°14′00″至115°25′42″、北(bei)緯29°45′11″至29°56′38″之間,東連(lian)富池鎮(zhen)而(er)臨長江(jiang)(jiang),與(yu)武穴市(shi)隔(ge)江(jiang)(jiang)相望;南接楓林鎮(zhen)和(he)木港鎮(zhen),與(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)西省(sheng)(sheng)九江(jiang)(jiang)市(shi)瑞昌(chang)縣接壤;西鄰興國鎮(zhen),緊(jin)挨(ai)縣城城區(qu)(qu);北(bei)與(yu)綜(zong)合管理區(qu)(qu)、陶港鎮(zhen)和(he)半(ban)壁山管理區(qu)(qu)接壤。總(zong)面積(ji)20495hm2。
1999年,網湖濕地被列(lie)入了(le)《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)濕地保護行動(dong)計劃》,為華中(zhong)(zhong)重要濕地。
2001年6月25日(ri),陽新縣人民政(zheng)府批準建立(li)縣級網湖(hu)濕(shi)地自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)。
2004年(nian)3月(yue)13日,黃石市人(ren)民政府辦公廳批準升級(ji)為(wei)市級(ji)自然保護區。
2004年8月8日,黃石(shi)(shi)市(shi)人民政(zheng)府批準成立了黃石(shi)(shi)市(shi)網湖濕地自然保護區管理局。
2006年8月(yue)21日,湖北省(sheng)人民(min)政府批(pi)準網湖濕地升級為(wei)省(sheng)級自(zi)然保護區。
網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地(di)地(di)處(chu)華中湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊濕(shi)地(di)群,是(shi)典型的(de)(de)具有湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊、沼澤和森林的(de)(de)復(fu)合(he)生態系(xi)統(tong),又是(shi)熱帶(dai)(dai)向寒帶(dai)(dai)過渡(du)的(de)(de)地(di)帶(dai)(dai),是(shi)東西、南北物(wu)種的(de)(de)集匯(hui)區(qu)(qu)。網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地(di)是(shi)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)(dai)和溫帶(dai)(dai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)植物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)重要的(de)(de)交(jiao)匯(hui)地(di)區(qu)(qu),植物(wu)分布(bu)(bu)上具有垂直分布(bu)(bu)和水(shui)平分布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)各類植物(wu)。
網湖濕(shi)地分布有(you)(you)(you)(you)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)極危(wei)(wei)、瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)、易(yi)危(wei)(wei)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ、II級保護(hu)動(dong)物。其中,國(guo)(guo)家二級保護(hu)獸類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)穿山甲、水獺(ta)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),列(lie)入《瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)野(ye)生動(dong)植(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際貿易(yi)公約》附錄(lu)I的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、附錄(lu)III有(you)(you)(you)(you)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)家I級保護(hu)鳥類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)東方白(bai)鸛、黑鸛、白(bai)鶴(he)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)(guo)家II級保護(hu)鳥類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)小天鵝(e)、白(bai)琵(pi)(pi)鷺(lu)(lu)、白(bai)頭鷂(yao)、鴛鴦等(deng)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。省級保護(hu)鳥類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)豆(dou)雁、小白(bai)額雁、綠頭鴨等(deng)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。列(lie)入《瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)野(ye)生動(dong)植(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際貿易(yi)公約》附錄(lu)I的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、附錄(lu)II的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、附錄(lu)III的(de)(de)鳥類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),列(lie)入《中國(guo)(guo)瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)動(dong)物紅(hong)皮(pi)書》瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、稀有(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、易(yi)危(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、不定物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。東方白(bai)鸛、黑鸛、豆(dou)雁、小天鵝(e)、白(bai)琵(pi)(pi)鷺(lu)(lu)、白(bai)額雁、鴻雁等(deng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群數量達到(dao)或超過了全球(qiu)飛遷(qian)線路(lu)上(shang)水鳥數量1%的(de)(de)標準,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)際重要意義。