網湖濕地自然保(bao)護區(qu)主要保(bao)護網湖濕地生(sheng)態系統;珍稀瀕危野生(sheng)動植物資源及其(qi)棲息地,特別(bie)是東方白鸛、黑鸛、白鶴3種國家一級(ji)保(bao)護鳥類小天鵝、白額雁(yan)(yan)、白頭(tou)鷂、灰鶴等29種國家二級(ji)保(bao)護鳥類及鴻(hong)雁(yan)(yan)的(de)棲息地;冬候(hou)鳥和夏(xia)候(hou)鳥的(de)棲息繁殖地以及中(zhong)華絹絲(si)麗(li)蚌天然養殖區(qu)。
湖泊
網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地自然保護區內主要由網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)朱婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)組(zu)成(cheng),核心(xin)區四(si)周中小型湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊星(xing)羅(luo)棋(qi)布,東有(you)王(wang)港湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、楊賽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)新湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),南邊從(cong)東到西依次有(you)夾(jia)節湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、大坡(po)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、小坡(po)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、神靈湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、吳家(jia)曬湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下羊(yang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、小賽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、牛湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下西湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、中西湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)朱家(jia)義湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),西北有(you)賽橋(qiao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、道士湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)下司湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),緊(jin)靠良薦湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),北有(you)碧(bi)山湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。在西邊的緩(huan)沖區還有(you)紅星(xing)塘(tang)和(he)東風塘(tang),寶塔湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、和(he)十(shi)里湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)內的精養魚池眾多(duo),區外(wai)還有(you)石灰賽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊群。
水系
按天然(ran)分水(shui),保護區(qu)隸(li)屬富(fu)河(he)水(shui)系,直接承受(shou)周(zhou)邊河(he)流來水(shui)。主要有四大河(he)流,即富(fu)河(he)、良薦河(he)、樟橋(qiao)河(he)和清江(jiang)河(he)。
富(fu)水(shui)(shui):從(cong)(cong)保護區中央穿(chuan)過(guo)流入長(chang)江(jiang),發源于通山、崇(chong)陽、修水(shui)(shui)縣交界處三界尖通山一側,匯(hui)于富(fu)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫,從(cong)(cong)富(fu)水(shui)(shui)起(qi)至富(fu)池口入長(chang)江(jiang),全長(chang)196公里,總(zong)落差613m,河寬從(cong)(cong)堤岸到(dao)堤岸,最寬處約1000m,最窄處為300m左右(you)。
長樂(le)源河:進保(bao)(bao)護區為良薦河,總長38.2公里,流(liu)域面積293.3平(ping)方公里,在保(bao)(bao)護區內長15km,發源于(yu)錫(xi)瓶山(shan)(shan)、父子(zi)山(shan)(shan)南(nan)麓,流(liu)經三宮殿、石家(jia)大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)、潘家(jia)大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)處,于(yu)柏樹下、喉嚨嘴之間入(ru)良薦湖,復(fu)往(wang)東入(ru)賽橋(qiao)(qiao)湖,會(hui)盛家(jia)嘴與碧山(shan)(shan)湖來水后,出賽橋(qiao)(qiao)口入(ru)網湖,又接納(na)向(xiang)錄張、大(da)眾(zhong)山(shan)(shan)、黃金(jin)山(shan)(shan)方向(xiang)的來水,往(wang)南(nan)匯入(ru)網湖,出富(fu)河。
樟(zhang)橋河:發源(yuan)于瑞昌市大德垴,入(ru)陽新境后,稱(cheng)干港,流經(jing)皮家山、樟(zhang)橋、港下垅后,在黃(huang)橋畈北(bei)納瑞昌市下灣來(lai)水,再經(jing)小坡塘、夾(jia)節湖(hu)入(ru)朱婆湖(hu)。
清江河(he):又名冷水源河(he),發源于瑞昌市(shi)境內,流經何月(yue)朗(lang)、外(wai)倉下等處,接納楊柳(liu)井、大沿(yan)沖方向(xiang)來水,過(guo)湖田畈、石田驛(yi)后(hou),過(guo)牛(niu)湖,入絨(rong)湖,至龍下水處入富(fu)河(he)。
網湖
網(wang)湖(hu)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)7265hm2,網(wang)湖(hu)水(shui)系(xi)總承雨(yu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)70000hm2。為(wei)(wei)保護區(qu)的核心(xin)區(qu)之一。每年(nian)夏(xia)季,網(wang)湖(hu)受長江漲(zhang)水(shui),富(fu)河(he)(he)洪水(shui)的頂托或倒(dao)灌(guan)和降(jiang)水(shui)內(nei)漬(zi),由于降(jiang)水(shui)內(nei)漬(zi)和江洪倒(dao)灌(guan),網(wang)湖(hu)地(di)區(qu)的溝渠河(he)(he)道便和湖(hu)區(qu)連成一片汪洋(yang),面(mian)積(ji)(ji)可(ke)達6801.47hm2(水(shui)深6-7m),據(ju)陽(yang)新(xin)縣水(shui)文站測定,網(wang)湖(hu)最(zui)高水(shui)位(wei)為(wei)(wei)22.5m,最(zui)低水(shui)位(wei)為(wei)(wei)13.2m,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)位(wei)15.5m,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)深3.51m。而(er)在秋、冬及(ji)早(zao)春枯水(shui)季節(jie),隨著湖(hu)水(shui)排(pai)河(he)(he),部(bu)分地(di)方(fang)露出地(di)表(biao),水(shui)面(mian)約3800hm2(水(shui)深0.5-3m)的水(shui)面(mian)(占(zhan)平(ping)(ping)水(shui)期湖(hu)水(shui)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的74%),其余部(bu)分則形成了(le)大片的泥濘(ning)沼(zhao)澤草甸,構成了(le)淺湖(hu)-沼(zhao)澤-草甸、丘陵相連續的濕地(di)生態系(xi)統。網(wang)湖(hu)承雨(yu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)35000hm2,湖(hu)泊容(rong)量為(wei)(wei)27300萬立方(fang)米(mi),占(zhan)陽(yang)新(xin)縣主(zhu)要水(shui)系(xi)地(di)表(biao)水(shui)資源總量(230000萬立方(fang)米(mi))的10%,不(bu)含年(nian)過境客(ke)水(shui)量160000萬立方(fang)米(mi)。
富河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)眾多,在(zai)(zai)(zai)分洪道兩岸(an)現有網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)未被圍墾成農田(tian),仍為常年積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)群(qun)。建國(guo)初期(qi)(qi),當(dang)網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)21.5m時(shi)(shi)(shi),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)連接五里湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、十里湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、牧羊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、百煞湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等百十來個(ge)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo),總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為400多km2,相應容積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)5億立方米,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底高程(cheng)7.3m;朱婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20m時(shi)(shi)(shi),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為18km2,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底高程(cheng)12.3m;賽橋湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)21m時(shi)(shi)(shi),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為3.3km2。到80年代,保持與(yu)建國(guo)初期(qi)(qi)相差無幾(ji)。2001年調查統計,網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)15m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)0.7m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)4.3km2;在(zai)(zai)(zai)豐(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)7m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)20km2;在(zai)(zai)(zai)平(ping)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)22m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)3m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)12.15km2。石(shi)灰寨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)15m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)1m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)4.3km2;在(zai)(zai)(zai)豐(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)5m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)15.3km2;在(zai)(zai)(zai)平(ping)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)23m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)2m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3.3km2。絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)1m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1.7km2;在(zai)(zai)(zai)豐(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)5m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3km2;在(zai)(zai)(zai)平(ping)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)22m時(shi)(shi)(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)3m,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1km2。
水質
從總體(ti)看來,湖(hu)泊(bo)(bo)水(shui)體(ti)理化(hua)性質基本與天然狀態下一致,湖(hu)泊(bo)(bo)水(shui)質良好(hao),水(shui)體(ti)透(tou)明度1.3m,pH值在6.3--6.8之(zhi)間,電(dian)導(dao)率波動在220-309微西門子/cm之(zhi)間,溶氧量(liang)變動在7.2--12.3mg/1之(zhi)間,平均為(wei)9.27mg/l,化(hua)學耗氧量(liang)為(wei)7.50mg/l,礦化(hua)度在146--240.67mg/l之(zhi)間,平均為(wei)189.52 mg/l。
湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)北網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地(di)省(sheng)級自然保護區(qu)(qu),地(di)處幕阜(fu)山脈向長(chang)江中(zhong)下游平(ping)原的(de)過渡地(di)帶,系(xi)富河(he)與長(chang)江交匯處的(de)匯水區(qu)(qu),主要由網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、寶塔湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、賽(sai)橋湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、良薦湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、石灰賽(sai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下羊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)組(zu)成。地(di)貌(mao)上屬于(yu)泥(ni)砂(sha)沉積(ji)(ji)形(xing)(xing)成的(de)永久性(xing)內(nei)陸(lu)淡(dan)水湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo),組(zu)成物(wu)質為河(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沉積(ji)(ji)物(wu),系(xi)因(yin)地(di)質運動(dong)、泥(ni)砂(sha)沉積(ji)(ji),經(jing)圍堤(di)改造而形(xing)(xing)成。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底海拔為7.3m。解放(fang)以前,每(mei)逢泛水季節,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)周逾百余里,秋冬之(zhi)際,水位(wei)下落,各湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)始分,統稱為泛區(qu)(qu)水系(xi)。建國后,由于(yu)泛水區(qu)(qu)修筑堤(di)壩、圍湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)造田(tian)等(deng)活動(dong),各湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)便形(xing)(xing)成封閉(bi)型(xing)水體,水陸(lu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)相(xiang)對穩定(ding)。網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)三(san)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)緊緊相(xiang)連,僅一河(he)堤(di)之(zhi)隔,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水經(jing)富河(he)匯合流入長(chang)江。
網湖南面(mian)為(wei)石灰(hui)質(zhi)構(gou)造的低山(shan),沿湖岸分布,最(zui)高(gao)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)為(wei)439.5m。地(di)質(zhi)地(di)層(ceng)由奧(ao)陶系(xi)寒(han)武(wu)紀(ji)形成(cheng),屬寶塔組(zu),為(wei)淺灰(hui)色,中厚層(ceng)龜裂(lie)紋灰(hui)巖(yan)與泥質(zhi)灰(hui)巖(yan),或與生物碎屑(xie)灰(hui)巖(yan)互層(ceng)。網湖北面(mian)為(wei)砂頁巖(yan)、礫巖(yan)、第四紀(ji)紅土,由山(shan)地(di)侵蝕堆積形成(cheng)的丘(qiu)陵崗地(di),按長條形土崗和寬(kuan)窄不(bu)等的溝(gou)坳相間排列,呈樹枝(zhi)狀向湖心傾斜延(yan)伸(shen),形成(cheng)岬灣形湖岸,最(zui)高(gao)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)為(wei)355m。
整個保護區(qu)形成南北(bei)高,東西低的峽狀湖區(qu)。保護區(qu)地(di)(di)層從寒武系中一上統至第四系均有出露,其中以(yi)(yi)古(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)界(jie)較發育。中生(sheng)(sheng)界(jie)以(yi)(yi)下三選統大冶群為主,常與(yu)古(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)界(jie)地(di)(di)層相伴出露,組成向斜構造軸(zhou)部(bu)。
寒武系(xi)為(wei)最老(lao)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。只(zhi)有(you)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上統出(chu)露(lu)(lu),由(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)海相(xiang)含鎂碳(tan)酸巖(yan)(yan)鹽組成(cheng)。分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)富水(shui)-鳳凰咀一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)。按巖(yan)(yan)性可劃分(fen)(fen)為(wei)三個巖(yan)(yan)性段。寒武系(xi)有(you)可供煉金屬鎂及作熔劑用的(de)(de)(de)白(bai)云巖(yan)(yan)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)床(點(dian))及蝕變型金礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)點(dian)。區(qu)內(nei)奧陶(tao)系(xi)發育比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)完整,出(chu)露(lu)(lu)面積小(xiao),但露(lu)(lu)頭良好,層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)序清楚(chu),并與寒武系(xi)相(xiang)伴出(chu)露(lu)(lu).組成(cheng)背(bei)(bei)斜翼部地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。奧陶(tao)系(xi)有(you)蝕變型金、銅(tong)等礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(化)點(dian)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)(yan)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)。志留(liu)系(xi)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是區(qu)內(nei)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廣的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)單位,出(chu)露(lu)(lu)于(yu)富水(shui)等地(di)區(qu),多(duo)呈東(dong)西走向,組成(cheng)背(bei)(bei)斜的(de)(de)(de)軸部及翼部.在地(di)貌上多(duo)形成(cheng)低山、丘陵或垅崗地(di)形。志留(liu)系(xi)中(zhong)統底部有(you)磷礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)點(dian)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu),泥盒系(xi)常與志留(liu)系(xi)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)相(xiang)伴出(chu)露(lu)(lu),多(duo)呈條帶(dai)(dai)狀(zhuang)延(yan)伸,為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)河流相(xiang)碎(sui)屑沉積,主要(yao)由(you)灰白(bai)色中(zhong)~厚層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)狀(zhuang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan),石(shi)(shi)(shi)英巖(yan)(yan)狀(zhuang)砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)及不穩定的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英礫巖(yan)(yan)組成(cheng)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)炭系(xi)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般露(lu)(lu)頭較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好,化石(shi)(shi)(shi)豐(feng)富。二迭(die)系(xi)在區(qu)內(nei)二迭(die)系(xi)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廣,出(chu)露(lu)(lu)良好,含有(you)煤及硫(liu)鐵礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。三迭(die)系(xi)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)在區(qu)內(nei)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廣,表現為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)淺海相(xiang)碳(tan)酸鹽巖(yan)(yan)沉積地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),有(you)白(bai)云巖(yan)(yan)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)(yan)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu).侏羅系(xi)和(he)第(di)三系(xi)-白(bai)堊系(xi)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao),露(lu)(lu)頭孤零。第(di)四(si)系(xi)在保護區(qu)內(nei)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廣,為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)坡積、沖積和(he)沖洪積的(de)(de)(de)松散堆積物。按其成(cheng)因類型包括(kuo)殘坡積、沖積、洪積、湖積沖積類型。
湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)網湖(hu)(hu)濕地省(sheng)級自然保護區處(chu)于(yu)長江(jiang)中下游南岸(an),長江(jiang)與富水交匯的三(san)角地帶。位于(yu)湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)黃石市(shi)陽新(xin)縣(xian)境內(nei),地處(chu)東徑115°14′00″至115°25′42″、北(bei)緯29°45′11″至29°56′38″之間,東連富池鎮(zhen)而臨長江(jiang),與武穴市(shi)隔江(jiang)相望(wang);南接(jie)楓林鎮(zhen)和(he)木港(gang)鎮(zhen),與江(jiang)西省(sheng)九江(jiang)市(shi)瑞昌縣(xian)接(jie)壤(rang);西鄰興國鎮(zhen),緊挨(ai)縣(xian)城(cheng)城(cheng)區;北(bei)與綜合管(guan)(guan)理(li)區、陶(tao)港(gang)鎮(zhen)和(he)半壁(bi)山(shan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)區接(jie)壤(rang)。總面積20495hm2。
1999年,網湖濕地(di)被列入了《中(zhong)國濕地(di)保護行(xing)動(dong)計劃(hua)》,為(wei)華中(zhong)重要濕地(di)。
2001年6月(yue)25日,陽新縣人民政府批準建(jian)立(li)縣級網湖濕地自然保護區。
2004年3月13日,黃(huang)石市(shi)人民政府辦公廳批準(zhun)升級為市(shi)級自然(ran)保(bao)護區。
2004年(nian)8月(yue)8日,黃石市人民政府批準成立了(le)黃石市網湖(hu)濕地自然保(bao)護區管理局。
2006年8月21日,湖(hu)(hu)北省(sheng)人民政(zheng)府(fu)批準網湖(hu)(hu)濕地升級(ji)為省(sheng)級(ji)自然保護區。
網湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)地(di)處華(hua)中湖(hu)泊(bo)(bo)濕(shi)地(di)群(qun),是典型的(de)(de)具(ju)有(you)湖(hu)泊(bo)(bo)、沼澤(ze)和森林(lin)的(de)(de)復合生態系統,又是熱(re)帶(dai)向寒帶(dai)過渡的(de)(de)地(di)帶(dai),是東西、南北物種的(de)(de)集匯區(qu)。網湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)是亞熱(re)帶(dai)和溫帶(dai)地(di)區(qu)植(zhi)物區(qu)系重(zhong)要的(de)(de)交匯地(di)區(qu),植(zhi)物分(fen)布上具(ju)有(you)垂(chui)直分(fen)布和水平分(fen)布的(de)(de)各類(lei)植(zhi)物。
網湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)分(fen)布有(you)(you)(you)(you)豐富的(de)(de)極危(wei)(wei)、瀕(bin)(bin)危(wei)(wei)、易(yi)(yi)危(wei)(wei)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ、II級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)。其中(zhong),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)二級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)獸類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)穿山甲、水獺(ta)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),列入(ru)(ru)《瀕(bin)(bin)危(wei)(wei)野生動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿易(yi)(yi)公約(yue)》附(fu)(fu)錄I的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、附(fu)(fu)錄III有(you)(you)(you)(you)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)I級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)東方(fang)白鸛(guan)(guan)、黑(hei)鸛(guan)(guan)、白鶴3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)II級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)天鵝、白琵鷺、白頭(tou)鷂、鴛鴦等27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。省(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)豆雁(yan)(yan)、小(xiao)白額雁(yan)(yan)、綠頭(tou)鴨等45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。列入(ru)(ru)《瀕(bin)(bin)危(wei)(wei)野生動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿易(yi)(yi)公約(yue)》附(fu)(fu)錄I的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、附(fu)(fu)錄II的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、附(fu)(fu)錄III的(de)(de)鳥類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),列入(ru)(ru)《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)瀕(bin)(bin)危(wei)(wei)動(dong)物(wu)紅皮書》瀕(bin)(bin)危(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、稀有(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、易(yi)(yi)危(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、不定物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。東方(fang)白鸛(guan)(guan)、黑(hei)鸛(guan)(guan)、豆雁(yan)(yan)、小(xiao)天鵝、白琵鷺、白額雁(yan)(yan)、鴻雁(yan)(yan)等種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群數(shu)量(liang)達到或超過了全(quan)球飛(fei)遷線路(lu)上水鳥數(shu)量(liang)1%的(de)(de)標(biao)準,具有(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)重要意(yi)義。