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基本介紹

網(wang)湖濕(shi)地自然保護(hu)區主要(yao)保護(hu)網(wang)湖濕(shi)地生態系統(tong)；珍稀瀕危野生動植物資源及(ji)其棲(qi)息(xi)(xi)地，特(te)別是東方白(bai)(bai)鸛、黑鸛、白(bai)(bai)鶴3種(zhong)國(guo)家一級保護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)小天(tian)(tian)鵝、白(bai)(bai)額雁(yan)、白(bai)(bai)頭鷂、灰鶴等29種(zhong)國(guo)家二級保護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)及(ji)鴻雁(yan)的棲(qi)息(xi)(xi)地；冬(dong)候鳥(niao)和(he)夏(xia)候鳥(niao)的棲(qi)息(xi)(xi)繁殖地以及(ji)中華絹絲麗蚌天(tian)(tian)然養殖區。

景點景觀

水文

湖泊

網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地自(zi)然保護區(qu)內主要(yao)由網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和朱(zhu)婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)組成，核心(xin)區(qu)四(si)周(zhou)中(zhong)小(xiao)型(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊星(xing)羅棋布(bu)，東(dong)有(you)(you)(you)王港湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、楊賽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和新(xin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，南邊從東(dong)到西(xi)(xi)依次有(you)(you)(you)夾節湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、大坡(po)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、小(xiao)坡(po)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、神靈湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、吳家曬湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下(xia)(xia)羊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、小(xiao)賽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、牛湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下(xia)(xia)西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、中(zhong)西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和朱(zhu)家義湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，西(xi)(xi)北有(you)(you)(you)賽橋(qiao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、道士湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和下(xia)(xia)司湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，緊靠良薦湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，北有(you)(you)(you)碧山(shan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。在西(xi)(xi)邊的緩沖區(qu)還有(you)(you)(you)紅星(xing)塘和東(dong)風塘，寶塔湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、和十里(li)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)內的精養魚池眾多，區(qu)外(wai)還有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)灰賽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊群。

水系

按天然分水，保(bao)護區隸屬富河(he)水系(xi)，直接承受周邊河(he)流來水。主(zhu)要有四大河(he)流，即富河(he)、良薦河(he)、樟橋河(he)和(he)清江(jiang)河(he)。

富水(shui)：從(cong)保護區中央穿(chuan)過流入長(chang)江，發源于通山(shan)、崇陽、修(xiu)水(shui)縣交界(jie)處三界(jie)尖(jian)通山(shan)一側，匯于富水(shui)水(shui)庫，從(cong)富水(shui)起至富池(chi)口入長(chang)江，全長(chang)196公(gong)里(li)，總落差613m，河寬從(cong)堤(di)(di)岸到堤(di)(di)岸，最(zui)寬處約(yue)1000m，最(zui)窄處為300m左(zuo)右。

長(chang)(chang)樂源(yuan)河(he)：進保護區(qu)為良(liang)薦河(he)，總長(chang)(chang)38.2公里(li)，流域面積293.3平方公里(li)，在保護區(qu)內長(chang)(chang)15km，發源(yuan)于錫瓶(ping)山、父子山南麓，流經三宮(gong)殿(dian)、石(shi)家(jia)大(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)、潘家(jia)大(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)處，于柏樹下(xia)、喉嚨嘴(zui)之間入良(liang)薦湖，復(fu)往東入賽橋(qiao)(qiao)湖，會盛家(jia)嘴(zui)與碧山湖來水(shui)后，出賽橋(qiao)(qiao)口入網湖，又接納向錄張、大(da)(da)眾山、黃(huang)金(jin)山方向的來水(shui)，往南匯入網湖，出富河(he)。

樟(zhang)橋河(he)：發源于瑞昌市大(da)德(de)垴，入陽新(xin)境后，稱干港，流經皮家山、樟(zhang)橋、港下垅后，在黃橋畈北納瑞昌市下灣(wan)來水，再經小坡(po)塘、夾(jia)節湖入朱婆湖。

清江河(he)：又名(ming)冷水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)河(he)，發源(yuan)于瑞昌市(shi)境內，流經何月朗(lang)、外倉下等處，接納楊(yang)柳井(jing)、大沿沖方向來(lai)水(shui)(shui)，過(guo)湖田(tian)(tian)畈、石(shi)田(tian)(tian)驛后，過(guo)牛湖，入絨湖，至龍下水(shui)(shui)處入富河(he)。

網湖

網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)總(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)7265hm2，網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)總(zong)承(cheng)雨(yu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)70000hm2。為(wei)保護區的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心區之一。每(mei)年夏季，網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)受(shou)長江漲水(shui)(shui)(shui)，富河(he)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)頂托或倒灌(guan)和降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)內漬，由于降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)內漬和江洪倒灌(guan)，網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)溝渠(qu)河(he)道便(bian)和湖(hu)區連成一片汪洋，面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可達6801.47hm2（水(shui)(shui)(shui)深6-7m），據陽(yang)新縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)文站測定，網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)最高水(shui)(shui)(shui)位為(wei)22.5m，最低水(shui)(shui)(shui)位為(wei)13.2m，平(ping)(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)位15.5m，平(ping)(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)深3.51m。而在(zai)秋、冬及早春枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)季節(jie)，隨著湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)河(he)，部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)方露出地(di)(di)表(biao)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)面約3800hm2（水(shui)(shui)(shui)深0.5-3m）的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面（占平(ping)(ping)水(shui)(shui)(shui)期湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)74%），其余部分(fen)(fen)則形成了大(da)片的(de)(de)(de)泥濘沼澤草(cao)甸，構(gou)成了淺(qian)湖(hu)-沼澤-草(cao)甸、丘陵相(xiang)連續的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)生態系(xi)統。網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)承(cheng)雨(yu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)35000hm2，湖(hu)泊容量為(wei)27300萬(wan)立方米，占陽(yang)新縣主要水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)地(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源總(zong)量（230000萬(wan)立方米）的(de)(de)(de)10%，不(bu)含年過境(jing)客(ke)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量160000萬(wan)立方米。

富河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)眾多(duo)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)分洪道兩岸(an)現有網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱婆(po)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)未被圍墾成農田，仍(reng)為(wei)常年積(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)群。建(jian)國(guo)初期，當網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)21.5m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)連接五里湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、十(shi)里湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、牧羊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、百煞湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等百十(shi)來個湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)400多(duo)km2，相應容積(ji)(ji)(ji)5億立方米，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)7.3m；朱婆(po)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)20m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)18km2，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)12.3m；賽橋湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)21m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)3.3km2。到(dao)80年代，保持與建(jian)國(guo)初期相差無幾。2001年調(diao)查統計，網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)15m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)0.7m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)4.3km2；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)豐(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)7m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)20km2；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)平水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)22m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)3m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)12.15km2。石(shi)灰寨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)15m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)1m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)4.3km2；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)豐(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)5m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)15.3km2；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)平水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)23m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)2m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)3.3km2。絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)20m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)1m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1.7km2；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)豐(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)5m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)3km2；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)平水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)22m時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)3m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1km2。

水質

從總體看(kan)來(lai)，湖泊水(shui)體理化性質(zhi)基本與天然(ran)狀態下一(yi)致(zhi)，湖泊水(shui)質(zhi)良好，水(shui)體透明度(du)1.3m，pH值在6.3--6.8之間(jian)，電導率波動在220-309微西門子/cm之間(jian)，溶氧(yang)(yang)量(liang)變動在7.2--12.3mg/1之間(jian)，平均為9.27mg/l，化學耗氧(yang)(yang)量(liang)為7.50mg/l，礦化度(du)在146--240.67mg/l之間(jian)，平均為189.52 mg/l。

地質地貌

湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)北網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)省級自然保護區，地(di)(di)處(chu)幕阜山脈向(xiang)長江中下游平原的(de)過渡(du)地(di)(di)帶，系富河與長江交匯(hui)處(chu)的(de)匯(hui)水(shui)區，主要由網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、寶塔湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、賽橋湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、良薦(jian)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、石灰賽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下羊(yang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊組成。地(di)(di)貌上(shang)屬于泥砂沉(chen)積(ji)形(xing)成的(de)永久性內陸淡水(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊，組成物質為(wei)河湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沉(chen)積(ji)物，系因地(di)(di)質運動、泥砂沉(chen)積(ji)，經(jing)(jing)圍堤(di)改造而(er)形(xing)成。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底海拔為(wei)7.3m。解(jie)放以(yi)前，每(mei)逢泛水(shui)季(ji)節(jie)，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面周(zhou)逾百余里，秋冬之際，水(shui)位下落，各湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)始(shi)分，統稱為(wei)泛區水(shui)系。建國后，由于泛水(shui)區修筑堤(di)壩、圍湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)造田等(deng)活(huo)動，各湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)便形(xing)成封(feng)閉型水(shui)體，水(shui)陸面積(ji)相(xiang)對穩定。網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)三(san)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)緊(jin)緊(jin)相(xiang)連，僅一河堤(di)之隔，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)經(jing)(jing)富河匯(hui)合(he)流入長江。

網湖(hu)南面為(wei)石灰質構造的(de)低山，沿湖(hu)岸分(fen)布，最(zui)高(gao)(gao)海(hai)拔為(wei)439.5m。地(di)(di)質地(di)(di)層由(you)奧陶系(xi)寒武(wu)紀形成(cheng)，屬寶塔組(zu)，為(wei)淺灰色，中厚層龜裂紋灰巖(yan)與(yu)泥質灰巖(yan)，或與(yu)生物(wu)碎屑灰巖(yan)互(hu)層。網湖(hu)北面為(wei)砂頁巖(yan)、礫巖(yan)、第四紀紅土，由(you)山地(di)(di)侵蝕堆積形成(cheng)的(de)丘陵崗地(di)(di)，按長條(tiao)形土崗和寬(kuan)窄不等的(de)溝(gou)坳相間排(pai)列，呈樹枝狀向湖(hu)心傾斜延伸，形成(cheng)岬(jia)灣形湖(hu)岸，最(zui)高(gao)(gao)海(hai)拔為(wei)355m。

整個保護區(qu)形(xing)成(cheng)南(nan)北高，東(dong)西低的峽(xia)狀湖(hu)區(qu)。保護區(qu)地層(ceng)(ceng)從寒武系中一上統(tong)至第四系均有出露，其中以(yi)(yi)古生(sheng)界較發育。中生(sheng)界以(yi)(yi)下三選統(tong)大冶群(qun)為主，常與古生(sheng)界地層(ceng)(ceng)相伴(ban)出露，組成(cheng)向斜(xie)構(gou)造軸(zhou)部。

寒(han)武系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)最老地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。只有(you)(you)中一(yi)上(shang)統出(chu)露(lu)，由一(yi)套(tao)(tao)海(hai)相含(han)(han)鎂碳酸巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)鹽組成(cheng)(cheng)。分(fen)(fen)布(bu)富水-鳳凰咀一(yi)帶。按巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)性可(ke)劃分(fen)(fen)為(wei)三個(ge)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)性段。寒(han)武系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)可(ke)供煉金屬鎂及(ji)作熔劑用的(de)(de)白(bai)云(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)礦(kuang)床（點）及(ji)蝕變型金礦(kuang)點。區(qu)內奧陶系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)發育比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)完整，出(chu)露(lu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)小，但(dan)露(lu)頭(tou)良(liang)好(hao)，層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)序清(qing)楚，并與寒(han)武系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)相伴出(chu)露(lu)．組成(cheng)(cheng)背(bei)(bei)斜(xie)翼(yi)部地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。奧陶系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)蝕變型金、銅等礦(kuang)（化）點和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)礦(kuang)產(chan)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)。志留(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是區(qu)內分(fen)(fen)布(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廣的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)單位，出(chu)露(lu)于(yu)富水等地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，多(duo)(duo)呈東(dong)西走(zou)向，組成(cheng)(cheng)背(bei)(bei)斜(xie)的(de)(de)軸部及(ji)翼(yi)部．在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌上(shang)多(duo)(duo)形成(cheng)(cheng)低(di)山、丘陵或垅崗(gang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形。志留(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)中統底部有(you)(you)磷礦(kuang)點分(fen)(fen)布(bu)，泥盒(he)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)常與志留(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)相伴出(chu)露(lu)，多(duo)(duo)呈條(tiao)帶狀(zhuang)延伸，為(wei)一(yi)套(tao)(tao)河(he)流相碎屑沉積(ji)(ji)，主要由灰白(bai)色中～厚層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)狀(zhuang)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，石(shi)(shi)英(ying)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)狀(zhuang)砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)不穩定的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)礫巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)組成(cheng)(cheng)。石(shi)(shi)炭系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)一(yi)般露(lu)頭(tou)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)，化石(shi)(shi)豐(feng)富。二(er)迭(die)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)區(qu)內二(er)迭(die)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廣，出(chu)露(lu)良(liang)好(hao)，含(han)(han)有(you)(you)煤及(ji)硫鐵礦(kuang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。三迭(die)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)區(qu)內分(fen)(fen)布(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廣，表現為(wei)一(yi)套(tao)(tao)淺(qian)海(hai)相碳酸鹽巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)沉積(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，有(you)(you)白(bai)云(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、石(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)礦(kuang)產(chan)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)．侏羅系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)第三系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)-白(bai)堊系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小，露(lu)頭(tou)孤零(ling)。第四系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)保(bao)護區(qu)內分(fen)(fen)布(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廣，為(wei)一(yi)套(tao)(tao)坡積(ji)(ji)、沖(chong)(chong)積(ji)(ji)和(he)沖(chong)(chong)洪(hong)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)松散堆積(ji)(ji)物(wu)。按其成(cheng)(cheng)因(yin)類型包括殘坡積(ji)(ji)、沖(chong)(chong)積(ji)(ji)、洪(hong)積(ji)(ji)、湖積(ji)(ji)沖(chong)(chong)積(ji)(ji)類型。

地理環境

湖北網湖濕地省級自(zi)然(ran)保護區處于長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)中下游(you)南(nan)岸，長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)與富水(shui)交匯的三角地帶。位(wei)于湖北省黃石(shi)市陽新縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境內，地處東徑115°14′00″至(zhi)115°25′42″、北緯29°45′11″至(zhi)29°56′38″之間，東連富池鎮(zhen)(zhen)而(er)臨長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)，與武穴市隔江(jiang)(jiang)相(xiang)望；南(nan)接(jie)楓林鎮(zhen)(zhen)和木(mu)港鎮(zhen)(zhen)，與江(jiang)(jiang)西省九(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)市瑞(rui)昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤；西鄰興國(guo)鎮(zhen)(zhen)，緊挨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城城區；北與綜合管理區、陶(tao)港鎮(zhen)(zhen)和半壁山(shan)管理區接(jie)壤。總面積20495hm2。

歷史沿革

1999年，網湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)被(bei)列入(ru)了《中國濕(shi)地(di)保護行動計(ji)劃》，為(wei)華中重要濕(shi)地(di)。

2001年6月25日，陽新縣人(ren)民政府批準(zhun)建立縣級網湖濕地自然保護區。

2004年3月13日，黃石市人民政(zheng)府辦公廳批準升級為市級自然保(bao)護區。

2004年(nian)8月(yue)8日，黃石市人民政府批準成立了黃石市網湖(hu)濕地自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)管理局。

2006年8月21日，湖北省人民政府批準網湖濕地升級為省級自然保(bao)護區。

榮譽及其他

地位價值

網湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)地(di)處華中湖(hu)泊濕(shi)地(di)群(qun)，是典(dian)型的(de)具有(you)湖(hu)泊、沼澤和森(sen)林的(de)復(fu)合生(sheng)態系統，又是熱(re)帶(dai)向寒帶(dai)過渡的(de)地(di)帶(dai)，是東西、南北(bei)物(wu)種的(de)集匯區(qu)。網湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)是亞熱(re)帶(dai)和溫(wen)帶(dai)地(di)區(qu)植(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)系重(zhong)要的(de)交匯地(di)區(qu)，植(zhi)物(wu)分布(bu)上具有(you)垂(chui)直分布(bu)和水平(ping)分布(bu)的(de)各類植(zhi)物(wu)。

網湖濕地分布有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)極危(wei)(wei)、瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)、易危(wei)(wei)物種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ、II級保護(hu)(hu)動物。其中，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家二(er)級保護(hu)(hu)獸類(lei)有(you)穿山甲、水獺(ta)2種(zhong)(zhong)，列入《瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)野(ye)生動植物種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿(mao)易公(gong)約(yue)(yue)》附(fu)(fu)錄I的(de)有(you)1種(zhong)(zhong)、附(fu)(fu)錄III有(you)1種(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家I級保護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)有(you)東方白(bai)(bai)鸛(guan)(guan)、黑鸛(guan)(guan)、白(bai)(bai)鶴3種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家II級保護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)有(you)小天鵝(e)、白(bai)(bai)琵(pi)鷺、白(bai)(bai)頭鷂、鴛(yuan)鴦等27種(zhong)(zhong)。省級保護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)有(you)豆雁(yan)、小白(bai)(bai)額雁(yan)、綠頭鴨等45種(zhong)(zhong)。列入《瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)野(ye)生動植物種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿(mao)易公(gong)約(yue)(yue)》附(fu)(fu)錄I的(de)有(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)、附(fu)(fu)錄II的(de)有(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)、附(fu)(fu)錄III的(de)鳥(niao)類(lei)有(you)7種(zhong)(zhong)，列入《中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)動物紅皮書》瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)2種(zhong)(zhong)、稀有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)、易危(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)、不定物種(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)。東方白(bai)(bai)鸛(guan)(guan)、黑鸛(guan)(guan)、豆雁(yan)、小天鵝(e)、白(bai)(bai)琵(pi)鷺、白(bai)(bai)額雁(yan)、鴻雁(yan)等種(zhong)(zhong)群數(shu)量(liang)達到或(huo)超過了(le)全(quan)球(qiu)飛遷線路上水鳥(niao)數(shu)量(liang)1%的(de)標準，具(ju)有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)重要意(yi)義(yi)。