生(sheng)(sheng)平及著(zhu)述(shu)：唐(tang)甄原名大陶，字鑄萬；後(hou)(hou)更(geng)名甄，號圃亭，四川(chuan)達州人(ren)，生(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)明崇禎三(san)年，卒(zu)於(wu)清(qing)康熙四十(shi)三(san)年，得年七十(shi)五歲。生(sheng)(sheng)平事跡頗隱晦，《四庫總目》至將《衡(heng)書(shu)(shu)(shu)》著(zhu)者「唐(tang)大陶」及《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)》著(zhu)者唐(tang)甄別為(wei)二人(ren)。幼(you)年隨父(fu)宦游，歷(li)吳江、北(bei)(bei)京、南京。順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)二年南京城破，父(fu)子避難浙(zhe)江紹興。順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)四年丁酉(you)（1657）舉人(ren)，曾任山西長子縣(xian)知縣(xian)十(shi)月，遍(bian)游河(he)北(bei)(bei)、河(he)南、湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)、浙(zhe)江、江蘇等地二十(shi)馀年，後(hou)(hou)困於(wu)江蘇，仍志在天(tian)下(xia)，冀為(wei)王者師，著(zhu)述(shu)不輟。1962年北(bei)(bei)京中華書(shu)(shu)(shu)局(ju)出(chu)版《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)》，後(hou)(hou)附編者李之勤(qin)〈唐(tang)甄事跡叢考〉一(yi)文(wen)，最稱詳實(shi)。
這表現(xian).在(zai)(zai)，第(di)一(yi)，封建君(jun)(jun)主沒有(you)(you)推行(xing)(xing)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)策，而(er)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)忘民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)、虐(nve)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、害(hai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)，因(yin)而(er)“四海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內，日益困窮(qiong)，農(nong)(nong)空、工空、市空、仕空”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·存言》）。第(di)二，封建官(guan)(guan)吏(li)橫行(xing)(xing)掠(lve)奪民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)財(cai)產(chan)(chan)，他們坐視民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)疾苦(ku)不(bu)(bu)(bu)救(jiu)，貪(tan)婪謀(mou)取一(yi)己私(si)利。第(di)三，沉重(zhong)繁(fan)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)賦稅，加重(zhong)了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)困苦(ku)。第(di)四，財(cai)源枯竭，貸(dai)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)量少，導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le)財(cai)貸(dai)無(wu)法流(liu)(liu)通(tong)，“當今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，無(wu)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)窮(qiong)，非窮(qiong)于(yu)財(cai)，窮(qiong)于(yu)銀也(ye)(ye)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·更幣(bi)(bi)(bi)》）。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)在(zai)(zai)探討了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)窮(qiong)困的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)改措施。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)指出(chu)(chu)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)邦本(ben)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)首(shou)(shou)(shou)在(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。“國(guo)(guo)(guo)無(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，豈(qi)有(you)(you)四政(zheng)(zheng)！封建，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)固(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；府庫(ku)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)充(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；朝廷，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；官(guan)(guan)職，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·明鑒》）只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)豐(feng)衣足食(shi)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)興旺發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)達；如(ru)果民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)貧窮(qiong)困苦(ku)，必(bi)(bi)將導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)滅亡。他說(shuo)(shuo)：立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)無(wu)他，惟(wei)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。自(zi)古未有(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)貧而(er)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)者(zhe)。夫富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)編戶，不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)府庫(ku)。若編戶空虛，雖府庫(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)積(ji)如(ru)丘山，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)貧國(guo)(guo)(guo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)矣(yi)。（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·存言》）因(yin)此(ci)，立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)庫(ku)財(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)盈，而(er)在(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)強(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)，“治(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)貴致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·權實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》），實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。他說(shuo)(shuo)：“財(cai)者(zhe)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)也(ye)(ye)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)也(ye)(ye)，寶(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)竊，命(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)攘(rang)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）財(cai)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)，因(yin)此(ci)立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)惟(wei)在(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)具體(ti)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)措施。首(shou)(shou)(shou)先(xian)(xian)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)當以(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)功，力除棄(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)虐(nve)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)。他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)因(yin)此(ci)，立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)庫(ku)財(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)盈，而(er)在(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)強(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)，“治(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)貴致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·權實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》），實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。他說(shuo)(shuo)：“財(cai)者(zhe)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)也(ye)(ye)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)也(ye)(ye)，寶(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)竊，命(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)攘(rang)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）財(cai)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)，因(yin)此(ci)立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)惟(wei)在(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)具體(ti)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)措施。首(shou)(shou)(shou)先(xian)(xian)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)當以(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)功，力除棄(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)虐(nve)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)。他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)針(zhen)當以(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宗旨，“其(qi)舉事任職雖多(duo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)使不(bu)(bu)(bu)困窮(qiong)而(er)已(yi)”，“雖官(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)百職，職有(you)(you)百務，要歸(gui)于(yu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·考功》）故唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)特別強(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功，指出(chu)(chu)“為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)圖(tu)治(zhi)(zhi)，論(lun)功以(yi)舉賢(xian)(xian)，善民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)以(yi)論(lun)功，足食(shi)以(yi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”，“養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，必(bi)(bi)以(yi)省官(guan)(guan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian)務”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·省官(guan)(guan)》），卻除暴虐(nve)于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)官(guan)(guan)，重(zhong)用(yong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廉能(neng)(neng)賢(xian)(xian)才(cai)(cai)(cai)，“廉者(zhe)必(bi)(bi)使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)儉以(yi)豐(feng)財(cai)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)者(zhe)必(bi)(bi)使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)勤(qin)以(yi)厚利。舉廉舉才(cai)(cai)(cai)，必(bi)(bi)以(yi)豐(feng)財(cai)厚利為(wei)(wei)(wei)征”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·考功》）只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)君(jun)(jun)主官(guan)(guan)吏(li)皆(jie)去推行(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功的(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)策，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)。其(qi)次，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)因(yin)其(qi)自(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展多(duo)種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主張。他說(shuo)(shuo)：“海內之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)，無(wu)土(tu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)，無(wu)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)”，只(zhi)(zhi)要“因(yin)其(qi)自(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利而(er)無(wu)以(yi)擾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)才(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)勝(sheng)用(yong)矣(yi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)否(fou)定了(le)(le)“農(nong)(nong)本(ben)商(shang)(shang)末”的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統觀(guan)念，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)要使四海民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)真正(zheng)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)，就要發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、手工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等多(duo)種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)首(shou)(shou)(shou)要在(zai)(zai)于(yu)大力發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，還(huan)要全面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和手工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，“為(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，必(bi)(bi)先(xian)(xian)田、市”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·普施》）。他指出(chu)(chu)，“山林多(duo)材(cai)，池沼(zhao)多(duo)魚，園多(duo)果蔬，欄多(duo)羊豕(shi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·達政(zheng)(zheng)》），農(nong)(nong)林牧漁全面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展，才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)。同(tong)時，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)大力提(ti)(ti)倡(chang)種(zhong)桑養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)蠶(can)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紡織業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，主張通(tong)過(guo)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)，提(ti)(ti)高民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水平。第(di)三，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)改革貸(dai)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，促進(jin)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)措施。他指出(chu)(chu)，以(yi)白(bai)銀作為(wei)(wei)(wei)貸(dai)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，限(xian)制了(le)(le)財(cai)貸(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)換，阻(zu)礙了(le)(le)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展。“夫財(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)。銀者(zhe)，易聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)(ye)。”要促進(jin)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)榮(rong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)，“救(jiu)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，當廢銀而(er)用(yong)錢(qian)(qian)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·更幣(bi)(bi)(bi)》）。因(yin)此(ci)，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，用(yong)銅錢(qian)(qian)取代白(bai)銀，商(shang)(shang)品(pin)交(jiao)(jiao)換才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)更好地得以(yi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，并可(ke)(ke)消除白(bai)銀易聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮貸(dai)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)作用(yong)。
他的社會政治(zhi)(zhi)啟蒙(meng)思(si)想，集中(zhong)反映在(zai)(zai)他歷30年而(er)(er)成的《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》中(zhong)。是書(shu)(shu)原為《衡(heng)(heng)書(shu)(shu)》13篇，“衡(heng)(heng)”表示“志(zhi)在(zai)(zai)權衡(heng)(heng)天下”之意，后因“連蹇不遇”，只(zhi)得將其(qi)潛(qian)(qian)存(cun)起來(lai)，遂加以補充，改名(ming)為《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》。《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》共97篇論(lun)文，分為上下兩篇。上篇論(lun)學術，重在(zai)(zai)闡發(fa)“盡性”與“事功(gong)”相(xiang)互統一的心(xin)(xin)性之學；下篇論(lun)政治(zhi)(zhi)，旨在(zai)(zai)講求實(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)功(gong)抑尊富民的治(zhi)(zhi)世之術。潘耒稱(cheng)其(qi)“論(lun)學術則尊孟(meng)宗(zong)王，貴(gui)心(xin)(xin)得，賤(jian)口(kou)耳，痛排俗學之陋(lou)；論(lun)治(zhi)(zhi)道則崇(chong)儉(jian)尚樸，損勢(shi)抑威，省大吏，汰(tai)冗官，欲君民相(xiang)親如(ru)一家，乃可為治(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·潘序(xu)》）因此，《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》“上觀天道，下察人事，遠正古跡，近度(du)今宜，根于(yu)心(xin)(xin)而(er)(er)致之行，如(ru)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)位(wei)而(er)(er)謀(mou)其(qi)政。”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·潛(qian)(qian)存(cun)》）是書(shu)(shu)不僅奠定了唐甄(zhen)在(zai)(zai)清初啟蒙(meng)思(si)潮中(zhong)的歷史地(di)位(wei)，而(er)(er)且(qie)對當時(shi)的儒(ru)學思(si)想發(fa)展(zhan)也產(chan)生了深(shen)遠的影響。
唐(tang)甄(zhen)思(si)(si)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)重要組成部分(fen)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其在(zai)對傳統(tong)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反思(si)(si)認(ren)識中，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相互(hu)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)學(xue)(xue)說(shuo)(shuo)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)繼(ji)承發(fa)揚了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)從孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)到王(wang)守(shou)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)學(xue)(xue)思(si)(si)想，尖銳批判(pan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)程朱理(li)學(xue)(xue)末流只(zhi)(zhi)談(tan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空疏陋(lou)習(xi)(xi)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)最為(wei)推(tui)崇孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想，孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想具(ju)體(ti)地(di)涵蓋了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)“圣(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論，“甄(zhen)雖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敏，愿學(xue)(xue)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)焉。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)存》）同時(shi)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)又(you)認(ren)為(wei)，自(zi)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)以(yi)后，最能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領(ling)悟圣(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)，當推(tui)陸九(jiu)淵、王(wang)守(shou)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)二(er)人(ren)。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)、陸九(jiu)淵、王(wang)守(shou)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)什么能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)執(zhi)圣(sheng)學(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樞(shu)、得圣(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，唐(tang)甄(zhen)認(ren)為(wei)這就(jiu)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“堯(yao)舜(shun)以(yi)來，傳道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)以(yi)傳心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)》），唯有(you)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)得識圣(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)問之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入們。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)在(zai)繼(ji)承了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”和(he)(he)王(wang)守(shou)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“致良(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)思(si)(si)想上，又(you)進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步闡發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)理(li)論。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)，良(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)東西，綜(zong)合(he)為(wei)“道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”，“道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)由(you)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)致，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)外致”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·格定》），“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)與(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)際，心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)與(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)際”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·敬修(xiu)(xiu)》）。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)統(tong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)，備萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)”，“心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)具(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)，統(tong)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·良(liang)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）。性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)智的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，“四德(de)我自(zi)所(suo)有(you)，非(fei)(fei)由(you)外鑠”，以(yi)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)智以(yi)合(he)于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)，即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，始乃(nai)(nai)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)，“良(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)致，本心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)乃(nai)(nai)見(jian)(jian)，仁(ren)(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)智俱為(wei)實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)“仁(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)濟天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”，“義(yi)(yi)(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)制天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”，“禮(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)范天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”，“智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)周天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)》）。唐(tang)甄(zhen)指出(chu)(chu)(chu)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)智四德(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，以(yi)合(he)于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)思(si)(si)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質特(te)征，經世(shi)致用、救世(shi)治民(min)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本宗(zong)旨(zhi)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“儒(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)貴者，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)定亂、除暴、安(an)百姓也。若儒(ru)(ru)者不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)……但取(qu)自(zi)完(wan)，何以(yi)異于(yu)(yu)匹夫匹婦(fu)乎？”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·辨儒(ru)(ru)》）因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)既(ji)批判(pan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)只(zhi)(zhi)重“養(yang)生(sheng)”和(he)(he)佛家(jia)(jia)但求(qiu)“明(ming)(ming)死”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)世(shi)思(si)(si)想，又(you)著(zhu)重揭(jie)斥了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)程朱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)“但明(ming)(ming)己(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，無救于(yu)(yu)世(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空疏陋(lou)習(xi)(xi)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)認(ren)為(wei)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)者不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)割裂，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)彼此(ci)(ci)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)，“修(xiu)(xiu)非(fei)(fei)內(nei)(nei)也，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)非(fei)(fei)外也”，“自(zi)內(nei)(nei)外分(fen)，仲(zhong)尼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)裂矣(yi)，民(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)為(wei)生(sheng)矣(yi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·良(liang)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》），“修(xiu)(xiu)身(shen)(shen)治天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶，取(qu)修(xiu)(xiu)身(shen)(shen)割治天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成治天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)修(xiu)(xiu)身(shen)(shen)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》），不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)修(xiu)(xiu)其身(shen)(shen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)治天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)；只(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)(xiu)其身(shen)(shen)，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)治天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相互(hu)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)彼此(ci)(ci)融(rong)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，裂一(yi)(yi)(yi)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得其半。故他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)，程朱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)實(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)窮性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原，有(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)(yu)儒(ru)(ru)家(jia)(jia)學(xue)(xue)說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，但它(ta)只(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“精(jing)內(nei)(nei)而遺外”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·有(you)為(wei)》），“彼能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，未(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》），有(you)違于(yu)(yu)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本宗(zong)旨(zhi)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們“終日言(yan)(yan)(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而卒不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)識性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)》），“今(jin)于(yu)(yu)內(nei)(nei)其精(jing)致，于(yu)(yu)其外若遺若忘(wang)……名為(wei)治世(shi)，實(shi)非(fei)(fei)治世(shi)，即(ji)非(fei)(fei)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）唐(tang)甄(zhen)指出(chu)(chu)(chu)，程朱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)，舍(she)治世(shi)而求(qiu)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，既(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，亦(yi)無益于(yu)(yu)社(she)會民(min)生(sheng)。如(ru)(ru)何盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)？唐(tang)甄(zhen)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)合(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“世(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)德(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”，性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)二(er)者同出(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)源而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)，“盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)其本體(ti)，其才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)自(zi)見(jian)(jian)”，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)作用。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即(ji)其盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，發(fa)揮出(chu)(chu)(chu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)作用，言(yan)(yan)(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)必(bi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)必(bi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)沒有(you)發(fa)揮作用。“四德(de)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，必(bi)其才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)；才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)，必(bi)其性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)未(wei)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。”唯有(you)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，始能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)，則事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)；事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)，則所(suo)見(jian)(jian)多乖，所(suo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)多泥”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）。 唐(tang)甄(zhen)指出(chu)(chu)(chu)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)依賴于(yu)(yu)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，非(fei)(fei)圣(sheng)；功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)，非(fei)(fei)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·有(you)為(wei)》）仁(ren)(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)智四德(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)現(xian).在(zai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本身(shen)(shen)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)現(xian).在(zai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)上，通過(guo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，體(ti)現(xian).在(zai)對天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上。故他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“仁(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，內(nei)(nei)存未(wei)見(jian)(jian)，外行(xing)(xing)(xing)乃(nai)(nai)見(jian)(jian)；心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)見(jian)(jian)，物(wu)(wu)受乃(nai)(nai)見(jian)(jian)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)乃(nai)(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現(xian)和(he)(he)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，“事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立(li)，又(you)奚貴無用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)委(wei)其心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)而放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·辨儒(ru)(ru)》）因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，唐(tang)甄(zhen)特(te)別重視王(wang)守(shou)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)二(er)，雖知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)猶(you)無知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，雖致猶(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)致。知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)者，致知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)》）知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儒(ru)(ru)者為(wei)學(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)現(xian)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)治世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)育(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)；我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)義(yi)(yi)(yi)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裁天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)；我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)禮(li)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)匡天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)；我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)智，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）唯有(you)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)展示儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)“窮理(li)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)至于(yu)(yu)命”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成己(ji)成物(wu)(wu)、內(nei)(nei)圣(sheng)外王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。總之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，唐(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想對近代社(she)會啟蒙思(si)(si)潮產生(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)積(ji)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。
唐甄在經濟生活方面，原有土地七十畝，可收租四十一石，江南稅重，清朝市井圖要納賦稅(shui)二十石，去其(qi)收入一半，不(bu)足維持家計(ji)。遂賣去土地，以所入款項(xiang)六(liu)十多兩銀，從(cong)事商販，遂得粗(cu)安。同時，由(you)于其(qi)祖(zu)父唐(tang)自(zi)踩“居官廉，多惠(hui)政，尤振興文(wen)教”，父親唐(tang)階(jie)泰，剛毅明達，“當(dang)是時，朋黨附勢相傾”，而(er)“參議(yi)(階(jie)泰)獨立無所與”，唐(tang)甄出身于這樣的(de)(de)家庭環境的(de)(de)教養下，他的(de)(de)做人，出處(chu)進退(tui)，如(ru)鳳皇芝草，他的(de)(de)為文(wen)，提(ti)出了許(xu)多進步的(de)(de)經濟(ji)政治觀點和主張，這當(dang)然不(bu)是偶然的(de)(de)了。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)重視理(li)財(cai)(cai)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本經濟觀點(dian)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)，他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“財(cai)(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。寶不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)竊，命不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)攘(rang)。圣人(ren)(ren)以(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)孫，以(yi)四(si)海為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)府庫(ku)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)竊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)寶而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)攘(rang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)命者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)室皆盈(ying)，婦子(zi)(zi)皆寧(ning)。反(fan)(fan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，輸(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)悻(xing)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，藏于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)巨室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)窟(ku)，蠹多(duo)則(ze)(ze)(ze)樹槁，癰肥(fei)則(ze)(ze)(ze)體敝，此(ci)窮富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源，治(zhi)(zhi)亂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”從(cong)(cong)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)眼光看來(lai)(lai)，財(cai)(cai)必存之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)。國(guo)(guo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)必先民(min)(min)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。只有(you)(you)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)使(shi)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)經濟富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕起(qi)來(lai)(lai)。他(ta)(ta)堅決(jue)反(fan)(fan)對統治(zhi)(zhi)階級以(yi)及(ji)豪(hao)強(qiang)巨室對民(min)(min)間財(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)，喪(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)金(jin)：取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)室，喪(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)室。充東門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，有(you)(you)鬻羊餐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，業(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)世矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)妻(qi)子(zi)(zi)傭走之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬，食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)馀(yu)人(ren)(ren)。或(huo)誣(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)盜(dao)羊，罰(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)石(shi)粟。上(shang)(shang)(shang)獵其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，下(xia)(xia)攘(rang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)，盡鬻其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)釜甑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)未(wei)足(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，遂(sui)失業(ye)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)乞于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)。此(ci)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)，喪(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)金(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。潞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)苗氏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鐵(tie)治(zhi)(zhi)，業(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)世。多(duo)致(zhi)(zhi)四(si)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賈(jia)(jia)，椎鑿鼓瀉擔挽，所(suo)(suo)(suo)藉而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，常(chang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)馀(yu)人(ren)(ren)。或(huo)誣(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主盜(dao)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)獵其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，下(xia)(xia)攘(rang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)遂(sui)廢。向之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藉而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得食，皆流亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)漳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。此(ci)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)室，喪(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)室者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)氏在(zai)(zai)(zai)山西長(chang)子(zi)(zi)縣做(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)個(ge)小(xiao)官，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)貧(pin)(pin)農(nong)小(xiao)商生(sheng)(sheng)活體會(hui)(hui)較(jiao)深(shen)。且小(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，周圍關(guan)系(xi)甚(shen)多(duo)，彼(bi)(bi)此(ci)影響(xiang)很大(da)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)受(shou)害(hai)，數(shu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)受(shou)累。指(zhi)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)結果(guo)，下(xia)(xia)面他(ta)(ta)又和不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)了個(ge)比(bi)較(jiao)。他(ta)(ta)接著說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)如是(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)反(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)。隴右牧羊，河(he)北育(yu)豕，淮南飼鶩(mu)，湖濱繅絲，吳鄉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)，編(bian)(bian)蓑織席，皆至(zhi)微之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)日息歲(sui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)勝算。此(ci)皆操一(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)致(zhi)(zhi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。里(li)有(you)(you)千(qian)(qian)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，嫁女娶婦，死喪(sang)生(sheng)(sheng)慶，疾病(bing)醫禱，燕飲裔愧，魚肉果(guo)蔬椒桂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，與之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)市(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)眾矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。緡錢緇(zi)銀，市(shi)(shi)販貸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，石(shi)麥(mai)斛米，佃農(nong)貸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，匹布尺帛，鄰(lin)里(li)黨(dang)戚(qi)貸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；所(suo)(suo)(suo)賴(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)眾矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。此(ci)藉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)室養(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。海內(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)土不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)；歲(sui)月不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)計而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)足(zu)，貧(pin)(pin)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)相資(zi)。是(shi)(shi)故(gu)圣人(ren)(ren)無(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)財(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術。因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)擾(rao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)財(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)勝用(yong)(yong)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種“歲(sui)月不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)計而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)足(zu)，貧(pin)(pin)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)相資(zi)”的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)法，是(shi)(shi)十(shi)分有(you)(you)見解的(de)(de)(de)。今(jin)(jin).日有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)千(qian)(qian)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，明.日就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)數(shu)個(ge)千(qian)(qian)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，后.日就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)個(ge)千(qian)(qian)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種從(cong)(cong)聯系(xi)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)觀點(dian)看問題(ti)，是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)進步意(yi)義的(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此(ci)，他(ta)(ta)以(yi)植(zhi)柳為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)例(li)，主張植(zhi)柳，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)折枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。他(ta)(ta)接著說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“今(jin)(jin)夫柳，天(tian)下(xia)(xia)易生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；折尺寸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)三(san)年(nian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)樹。歲(sui)剪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)筐(kuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器。以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)防河(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)掃。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)勝用(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)”，皆自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)尺寸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)始植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時，有(you)(you)童子(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)拔而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)棄(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。安(an)望歲(sui)剪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)利用(yong)(yong)哉！其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)，皆自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)尺寸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絕(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擾(rao)民(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，植(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，拔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，絕(jue)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。那末，虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，究(jiu)竟是(shi)(shi)誰呢?依照(zhao)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思(si)，是(shi)(shi)些貪(tan)官污(wu)吏(li)。他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)比(bi)盜(dao)賊(穴墻而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))，暴徒(群(qun)刃(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))、道(dao)劃(御(yu)旅(lv)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))、伙寇(kou)(寇(kou)至(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)誅者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))都(dou)要(yao)(yao)兇狠得多(duo)。他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)：既亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，復取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)(xia)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)亡(wang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，如填(tian)壑(he)(he)谷。他(ta)(ta)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)問自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)答地(di)(di)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)害(hai)莫如貪(tan)，蓋十(shi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)重賦焉。穴墻而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)盡人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密藏。群(qun)刃(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)奪人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田宅，御(yu)旅(lv)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)破人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)室，寇(kou)至(zhi)誅焚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)窮山谷而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)偏(pian)四(si)海。彼(bi)(bi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，星列于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)，日夜(ye)獵人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)獲既多(duo)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)陵己者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)負篋而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)去。既亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，復于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)亡(wang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，如填(tian)壑(he)(he)谷，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)滿也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。寇(kou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡世，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)貪(tan)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)逃于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。”問題(ti)值得深(shen)思(si)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)：由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)社(she)會(hui)(hui)風氣(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正，就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)使(shi)是(shi)(shi)非顛(dian)倒(dao)，黑白不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種壞風氣(qi)(qi)，腐蝕人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)思(si)想很深(shen)，千(qian)(qian)萬不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)低估。那些貪(tan)官，反(fan)(fan)被社(she)會(hui)(hui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)視為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“能(neng)(neng)(neng)吏(li)”。“市(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)慕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鄉黨(dang)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教子(zi)(zi)弟者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)勸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。反(fan)(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，那些廉(lian)吏(li)，反(fan)(fan)被社(she)會(hui)(hui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)視為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“無(wu)(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)”。“市(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)賤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鄉黨(dang)笑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教子(zi)(zi)弟者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)戒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)十(shi)分感慨地(di)(di)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“蓋貪(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錮人(ren)(ren)心也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)甚(shen)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)！”那么，到(dao)(dao)底如何(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)貧(pin)(pin)，如何(he)(he)改變(bian)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風呢？依照(zhao)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思(si)，必須(xu)由上(shang)(shang)(shang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)來(lai)(lai)改變(bian)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種風氣(qi)(qi)。“人(ren)(ren)君能(neng)(neng)(neng)儉，則(ze)(ze)(ze)百(bai)(bai)(bai)官化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，庶民(min)(min)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)正如孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)好之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)下(xia)(xia)必有(you)(you)甚(shen)焉者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種用(yong)(yong)教育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)方法來(lai)(lai)移(yi)風易俗。當(dang)然，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種想法基本上(shang)(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)好的(de)(de)(de)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)，他(ta)(ta)還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理(li)解，在(zai)(zai)(zai)封(feng)建社(she)會(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)，使(shi)統治(zhi)(zhi)階級及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)追隨者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)們(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)剝削人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)根(gen)本辦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己所(suo)(suo)(suo)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)階級所(suo)(suo)(suo)決(jue)定的(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)志為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)。退一(yi)(yi)(yi)步說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，即使(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)行(xing)下(xia)(xia)效，在(zai)(zai)(zai)階級社(she)會(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)，小(xiao)商品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)本身也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)兩極分化。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)所(suo)(suo)(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，重在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)未(wei)有(you)(you)民(min)(min)貧(pin)(pin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“立國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)他(ta)(ta)，惟在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)古(gu)未(wei)有(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)貧(pin)(pin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。夫富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)編(bian)(bian)戶(hu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)府庫(ku)。若編(bian)(bian)戶(hu)空虛，雖府庫(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)積(ji)(ji)如丘(qiu)山，實為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貧(pin)(pin)國(guo)(guo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)具(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)強(qiang)烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)新興(xing)市(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)意(yi)識的(de)(de)(de)啟蒙思(si)想家(jia)(jia)(jia)，他(ta)(ta)看到(dao)(dao)財(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)積(ji)(ji)累的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)性，但(dan)他(ta)(ta)對生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)資(zi)料為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)誰所(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，認識是(shi)(shi)極模(mo)糊的(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)甚(shen)至(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“千(qian)(qian)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)惠(hui)戚(qi)友，五(wu)倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)惠(hui)鄰(lin)里(li)，十(shi)倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)惠(hui)鄉黨(dang)，百(bai)(bai)(bai)倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)惠(hui)國(guo)(guo)邑；天(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)惠(hui)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)。”他(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，必先田市(shi)(shi)。”只要(yao)(yao)“農(nong)安(an)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)田，賈(jia)(jia)安(an)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)市(shi)(shi)”則(ze)(ze)(ze)“財(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)足(zu)”。否則(ze)(ze)(ze)“農(nong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)田，賈(jia)(jia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)市(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)必貧(pin)(pin)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，雖有(you)(you)時代局限(xian)性，但(dan)看法閎肆峭勁(jing)，盲人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢言(yan)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，當(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)愧。
唐(tang)(tang)甄重(zhong)(zhong)視農業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，重(zhong)(zhong)視物質經濟(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活，除(chu)谷(gu)物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)外(wai)(wai)，在農，林(lin)(lin)，牧(mu)、副，漁中，他(ta)尤重(zhong)(zhong)視養蠶(can)業。這和他(ta)曾任(ren)長子縣(xian)知縣(xian)以及他(ta)重(zhong)(zhong)視事物的(de)(de)(de)(de)哲(zhe)學觀是(shi)(shi)分(fen)不(bu)(bu)開的(de)(de)(de)(de)。《教(jiao)蠶(can)》云：“吳絲(si)(si)衣天下，聚于雙林(lin)(lin)，吳越(yue)閩(min)番至于海島，皆(jie)來市焉。五(wu)月(yue)，載(zai)銀(yin)而(er)至，委積如(ru)瓦礫(li)。吳南諸鄉。歲有(you)(you)百(bai)十(shi)萬(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)益(yi)(yi)。是(shi)(shi)以雖賦(fu)重(zhong)(zhong)困窮(qiong)(qiong)，民(min)未至于空虛，室廬舟楫(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繁庶，勝于他(ta)所。此蠶(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚(hou)也(ye)。四(si)月(yue)務(wu)蠶(can)，無(wu)(wu)男女老幼(you)，蘋(pin)力靡他(ta)。無(wu)(wu)稅(shui)無(wu)(wu)荒，以三旬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞。無(wu)(wu)農四(si)時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久，而(er)半其(qi)利。此蠶(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)貴也(ye)。”可(ke)見(jian)他(ta)十(shi)分(fen)重(zhong)(zhong)視蠶(can)桑(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利。他(ta)認為(wei)，養蠶(can)“以三旬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞，無(wu)(wu)農時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久，而(er)半其(qi)利。”也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)說，只花費(fei)三十(shi)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞動，就可(ke)獲得半于耕種之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利。因(yin)此，他(ta)主張，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)廢海內無(wu)(wu)窮(qiong)(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利，使民(min)不(bu)(bu)得厚(hou)其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。他(ta)接著說：“三代以下，廢海內無(wu)(wu)窮(qiong)(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利，使民(min)不(bu)(bu)得厚(hou)其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，乃患民(min)貪(tan)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)財無(wu)(wu)術。是(shi)(shi)猶家有(you)(you)寶藏而(er)不(bu)(bu)知發(fa)，而(er)汲汲臘(la)腌果蔬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)鬻也(ye)。盍亦謀諸此與！吾欲使桑(sang)偏(pian)海內，有(you)(you)禾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土必(bi)有(you)(you)桑(sang)焉！然亦非易也(ye)！”其(qi)原因(yin)就是(shi)(shi)“安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久者(zhe)難創，習之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慣者(zhe)難作。約(yue)法而(er)民(min)不(bu)(bu)信，施教(jiao)而(er)民(min)不(bu)(bu)從，則(ze)樹殖(zhi)亦不(bu)(bu)可(ke)就。”欲達到家家有(you)(you)桑(sang)可(ke)種，則(ze)必(bi)須除(chu)政府帶頭(tou)提倡(chang)外(wai)(wai)，要(yao)獎勤罰(fa)懶。對人(ren)(ren)民(min)群(qun)眾獎懲的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)依據領導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好惡(e)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)取決生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞。勤者(zhe)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)多，則(ze)獎勵；惰者(zhe)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)少，則(ze)懲罰(fa)。賞罰(fa)嚴明，自然會促進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)，副業的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，對國(guo)民(min)經濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)促進有(you)(you)直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。要(yao)做到這些，首先要(yao)人(ren)(ren)盡其(qi)勞，地(di)盡其(qi)利。然后才能談到推廣合理(li)密植。改進蠶(can)種繅絲(si)(si)等。在江南一(yi)帶，大都為(wei)桑(sang)蠶(can)種場(chang)，不(bu)(bu)象山東，河南，還有(you)(you)很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)柞蠶(can)種場(chang)及蓖麻蠶(can)種場(chang)。這就要(yao)因(yin)地(di)制宜。唐(tang)(tang)甄是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個重(zhong)(zhong)農思想(xiang)家，他(ta)十(shi)分(fen)重(zhong)(zhong)視勤勞致富(fu)。唐(tang)(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)農思想(xiang)，和清代其(qi)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)比(bi)較起來，思想(xiang)還是(shi)(shi)比(bi)較解(jie)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)。其(qi)言經濟(ji)(ji)則(ze)注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，棉桑(sang)樹牧(mu)富(fu)民(min)為(wei)先，返(fan)樸崇儉，無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)益(yi)(yi)于經國(guo)濟(ji)(ji)世。誠如(ru)張廷(ting)樞(shu)所說：“其(qi)文(wen)馳騁反復，如(ru)列子御風(feng)，翩(pian)然騫舉，又如(ru)淮陰將兵，多多益(yi)(yi)善。本其(qi)自得于心者(zhe)，暢所欲言，無(wu)(wu)艱難勞苦(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)態，而(er)與道大適(shi)。”實乃公允之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論。
唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)重視商(shang)(shang)(shang)業。他(ta)反對過(guo)去傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)抑(yi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)政(zheng)(zheng)策。在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)(tang)氏看來，商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位，并不(bu)(bu)(bu)比(bi)農民(min)低些(xie)。他(ta)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)就(jiu)經(jing)(jing)營商(shang)(shang)(shang)業。而(er)且并不(bu)(bu)(bu)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)卑。下(xia)(xia)面是(shi)他(ta)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)現(xian)(xian)身(shen)說法：“有(you)言(yan)經(jing)(jing)可(ke)(ke)賈(jia)(jia)者(zhe)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)賤鬻(yu)其(qi)田，得(de)六(liu)十余金，使(shi)(shi)衷(zhong)(zhong)及原販(fan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)震澤，賣于(yu)(yu)(yu)吳市(shi)，有(you)少利(li)(li)焉(yan)(yan)。己(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)經(jing)(jing)之得(de)失不(bu)(bu)(bu)常(chang)，乃遷于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)東，虛其(qi)堂，己(ji)(ji)(ji)居于(yu)(yu)(yu)內(nei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)出，使(shi)(shi)衷(zhong)(zhong)原為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)矛，主經(jing)(jing)客，有(you)少利(li)(li)焉(yan)(yan)。在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)看來，經(jing)(jing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牙(ya)，亦(yi)救死之術，沒有(you)什(shen)么不(bu)(bu)(bu)體面的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方，至于(yu)(yu)(yu)一般社(she)會(hui)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)陳舊看法，說什(shen)么“民(min)之為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)道，土為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貴，農次之，惟(wei)賈(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)。賈(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)利(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。是(shi)故君子(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)貨幣，不(bu)(bu)(bu)問贏(ying)絀。一涉于(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)，謂之賈(jia)(jia)風，必(bi)深(shen)恥之。”又說什(shen)么“夫賈(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)，牙(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尤下(xia)(xia)，”這(zhe)種(zhong)賤視商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。既然呂尚可(ke)(ke)以(yi)賣飯于(yu)(yu)(yu)盂津，那么唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牙(ya)于(yu)(yu)(yu)吳市(shi)，又有(you)什(shen)么不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)呢(ni)?“其(qi)義一也(ye)(ye)”。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)每以(yi)田市(shi)并列，農賈(jia)(jia)并稱。他(ta)在(zai)(zai)《達政(zheng)(zheng)》中(zhong)(zhong)說：“養(yang)民(min)之善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)，十有(you)八焉(yan)(yan)：勸農豐谷，土田不(bu)(bu)(bu)荒(huang)蕪，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)一。……居貨不(bu)(bu)(bu)棄商(shang)(shang)(shang)賈(jia)(jia)如(ru)歸，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)一……學校(xiao)殿廡(wu)常(chang)新，春秋享祀必(bi)敬，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)一。……”這(zhe)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)反映唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)對善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)看法是(shi)有(you)他(ta)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)把“居貨不(bu)(bu)(bu)欺，商(shang)(shang)(shang)賈(jia)(jia)如(ru)歸”列為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)之一。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)又在(zai)(zai)《太子(zi)》篇(pian)內(nei)這(zhe)樣說，“凡教(jiao)(jiao)太子(zi)，觀(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)桑，則知衣(yi)服所(suo)自(zi)出，觀(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)肆(si)，則知器用所(suo)自(zi)出。凡教(jiao)(jiao)太子(zi)，過(guo)市(shi)，則見販(fan)鬻(yu)之勞(lao)，在(zai)(zai)途，則見負擔之勞(lao)。……”如(ru)果他(ta)輕視工(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業者(zhe)，又怎樣會(hui)這(zhe)樣說呢(ni)?他(ta)是(shi)肯定了(le)商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)有(you)“販(fan)鬻(yu)之勞(lao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟觀(guan)點是(shi)在(zai)(zai)十七(qi)世紀上半期(qi)形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)，正(zheng)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國社(she)會(hui)劇烈變化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)。這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)資本(ben)主義萌(meng)芽的(de)(de)(de)(de)最初形態，已稀疏地(di)出現(xian)(xian).在(zai)(zai)東南沿海一帶(dai)一些(xie)個(ge)(ge)別城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)工(gong)業生產部門中(zhong)(zhong)，然后(hou)緩慢地(di)通過(guo)這(zhe)樣或那樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式滲透農業經(jing)(jing)濟部門中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)歐(ou)洲，人(ren)們(men)見到的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)‘資本(ben)主義生產方式開始于(yu)(yu)(yu)手(shou)工(gong)業，只是(shi)到后(hou)來才使(shi)(shi)農業從屑于(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)。”這(zhe)一情(qing)況，中(zhong)(zhong)國亦(yi)毫無(wu)例外。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)正(zheng)處在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)一時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)，因(yin)此(ci)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟思想就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)打著時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)烙印。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)觀(guan)，充分(fen)(fen)表(biao)露在(zai)他(ta)所(suo)(suo)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)《更幣(bi)(bi)》、《存言(yan)(yan)》等篇中。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了弄(nong)清(qing)清(qing)朝(chao)(chao)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)經(jing)濟思想(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)來龍去脈，有(you)(you)必要把他(ta)所(suo)(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)時代(dai)背景作一(yi)(yi)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)回顧(gu)(gu)。清(qing)朝(chao)(chao)入關后(hou)，給東南(nan)沿海(hai)一(yi)(yi)帶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)帶來了極其(qi)沉重的(de)(de)(de)(de)災難。這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)引起廣(guang)大人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反抗斗爭(zheng)，而(er)且持續(xu)達數十(shi)年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久。江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反剃發(fa)斗爭(zheng)，閩(min)廣(guang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反遷海(hai)斗爭(zheng)，引起巨烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)動亂，貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)貶值，物(wu)(wu)價(jia)(jia)高漲，民(min)(min)風日(ri)玩(wan)，尊(zun)稱漸褻。特(te)別是(shi)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)群(qun)眾(zhong)日(ri)常(chang)生活有(you)(you)血肉相(xiang)連的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)價(jia)(jia)問題與(yu)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)使用(yong)問題，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廣(guang)大群(qun)眾(zhong)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)關心的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)主張用(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)而(er)廢銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。他(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“古者(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)(yan)富，唯在(zai)五(wu)谷(gu)；至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)市(shi)易(yi)(yi)，則(ze)有(you)(you)龜(gui)、貝、金錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、刀(dao)布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)。其(qi)后(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)金三(san)品，亦重在(zai)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。后(hou)乃(nai)專以(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，而(er)珠、玉、龜(gui)、貝、銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、錫(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬，但為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)幣(bi)(bi)。自(zi)明(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)來，乃(nai)專以(yi)(yi)(yi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)今(jin)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)日(ri)益少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充世(shi)用(yong)。有(you)(you)千金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產者(zhe)(zhe)常(chang)旬月(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見銖兩；谷(gu)賤(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)飯，肉贖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)食，布帛(bo)賤(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)衣(yi)，鬻(yu)谷(gu)肉布帛(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)亦卒不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)衣(yi)食，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)故也(ye)(ye)。”銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)，則(ze)價(jia)(jia)昂；價(jia)(jia)昂，則(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)得(de)(de)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)得(de)(de)，則(ze)百貨(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)，百貨(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)，則(ze)良賈失業(ye)?良賈失業(ye)，則(ze)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)蕭條。最(zui)終是(shi)引起經(jing)濟恐(kong)慌和(he)惡性循環。他(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“當今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，無人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)窮(qiong)，非窮(qiong)于(yu)(yu)財，窮(qiong)于(yu)(yu)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)楓(feng)橋(qiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)，粟麥壅積，南(nan)濠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)。百貨(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)；良賈失業(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)旋歸。萬金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)五(wu)七年而(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宴人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)，子既(ji)數見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。”其(qi)實，這(zhe)(zhe)個問題，許(xu)多啟蒙思想(xiang)(xiang)家和(he)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)觀(guan)點是(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。顧(gu)(gu)炎武就(jiu)這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)過：“唐(tang)(tang)(tang)宋(song)以(yi)(yi)(yi)前，上下通(tong)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)，一(yi)(yi)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)而(er)已(yi)，未嘗用(yong)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。”顧(gu)(gu)氏(shi)(shi)主張，實與(yu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)氏(shi)(shi)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)。此外(wai)顧(gu)(gu)氏(shi)(shi)尚有(you)(you)《明(ming)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)法(fa)論(lun)》、《以(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)賦》等，皆(jie)主行(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什么唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)反對(dui)(dui)用(yong)白(bai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)呢?根(gen)據唐(tang)(tang)(tang)氏(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)看(kan)法(fa)，其(qi)理(li)由有(you)(you)三(san)：一(yi)(yi)，白(bai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)缺少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠周轉。正如(ru)上文所(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)，“至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)今(jin)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)日(ri)益少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充世(shi)用(yong)，”如(ru)此等等。二，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)易(yi)(yi)窖藏，民(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)得(de)(de)。“夫財之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害在(zai)聚(ju)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)，易(yi)(yi)聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)，范為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圜定，旋絲白(bai)燦，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)貪愛。……蓋銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)(yi)聚(ju)，如(ru)水歸壑。”三(san)、銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)錫(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)幣(bi)(bi)。他(ta)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)只可為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)幣(bi)(bi)。此與(yu)顧(gu)(gu)炎武所(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)同(tong)(tong)。依照唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)觀(guan)點，應當廢銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)用(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。“以(yi)(yi)(yi)谷(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本以(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)輔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)其(qi)市(shi)易(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。”他(ta)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)獨(du)行(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，還(huan)要大量鑄制，大量使用(yong)，他(ta)對(dui)(dui)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)上貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)收(shou)縮，十(shi)分(fen)(fen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滿。他(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“今(jin)雖用(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過以(yi)(yi)(yi)易(yi)(yi)魚肉果蔬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，米石(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，布帛(bo)匹以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，則(ze)必以(yi)(yi)(yi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，涓(juan)涓(juan)細流(liu)，奚補于(yu)(yu)世(shi)?!錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)，泉也(ye)(ye)，必如(ru)江(jiang)(jiang)河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)而(er)后(hou)可博濟也(ye)(ye)。”但是(shi)，就(jiu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)觀(guan)來看(kan)，他(ta)本身也(ye)(ye)是(shi)矛盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)主張廢銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)用(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。這(zhe)(zhe)和(he)西(xi)歐重商(shang)主義者(zhe)(zhe)重視(shi)金銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)成(cheng)鮮明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)比。但他(ta)又希望(wang)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)上貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)籌碼要多些(xie)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要死(si)氣沉沉。既(ji)要金銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)充斥，也(ye)(ye)要緡錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)增多。這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)使他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)思想(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)處于(yu)(yu)困惑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。如(ru)果我(wo)們深入探刻唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)思想(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)難發(fa)現，他(ta)除主張廢除白(bai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai)，還(huan)主張貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)工錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)和(he)實物(wu)(wu)工錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)并用(yong)。“凡祿九個石(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下，皆(jie)令(ling)(ling)受(shou)粟。度宮朝(chao)(chao)官軍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)，皆(jie)令(ling)(ling)輸，以(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)粟而(er)給之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)在(zai)州郡(jun)縣，常(chang)賦皆(jie)令(ling)(ling)輸。凡祿三(san)千石(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下，皆(jie)令(ling)(ling)受(shou)粟。度城郭兵(bing)役之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)，皆(jie)今(jin)輸緡，以(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)附錄(lu)而(er)給之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)在(zai)邊防、內屯、將祿、卒食、皆(jie)令(ling)(ling)受(shou)粟。度甲胄(zhou)衣(yi)履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)，皆(jie)令(ling)(ling)運緡，以(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)附栗(li)而(er)給之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)廢銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)行(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)考慮到(dao)（1）“錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)重難行(xing)，民(min)(min)商(shang)必病。”(2)“銅不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可采，又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)市(shi)。”(3)“民(min)(min)欲(yu)難拂，俗尚難移。”同(tong)(tong)時，處于(yu)(yu)封建晚期的(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)清(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際，貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)地租正在(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)破竹(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢向前發(fa)展(zhan)，而(er)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)卻(que)強調“實物(wu)(wu)地租”的(de)(de)(de)(de)借尸還(huan)魂，這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)很難使人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)理(li)解了。當然，在(zai)整個清(qing)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史長河中，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)種貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)思潮也(ye)(ye)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)孤立的(de)(de)(de)(de)；唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)批判思想(xiang)(xiang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)及他(ta)所(suo)(suo)蘊育出的(de)(de)(de)(de)近代(dai)民(min)(min)主思想(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)清(qing)代(dai)學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)都(dou)起到(dao)了一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。
《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)》（1705）是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)遺世(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)(yi)著(zhu)作，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)作。起(qi)初名叫《衡書(shu)》，初刻(ke)只有(you)13篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，署名唐(tang)(tang)(tang)大陶。后來逐漸增(zeng)(zeng)加到97篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，并(bing)改名《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)》，署名唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)在其書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)存》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)中(zhong)說，他(ta)撰述此書(shu)“歷三十年(nian)，累而(er)存之，分(fen)(fen)為(wei)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)。言(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者系于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，凡五十篇(pian)(pian)(pian)；言(yan)治(zhi)(zhi)者系于(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，號日(ri)《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)》。上(shang)觀(guan)天道，下(xia)(xia)察人事，遠正古跡，近度今宜，根于(yu)(yu)(yu)心而(er)致(zhi)之行，如在其位而(er)謀其政”。據有(you)關資料考證，《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)》的(de)(de)(de)刊刻(ke)時(shi)間是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清康(kang)熙四(si)十四(si)年(nian)(1705)，由唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)女婿(xu)王(wang)聞遠刊刻(ke)行于(yu)(yu)(yu)世(shi)(shi)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)原刻(ke)本。此后有(you)1883年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)李氏(shi)刻(ke)本和1905年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)鄧(deng)氏(shi)刻(ke)本，均是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原刻(ke)本的(de)(de)(de)翻版(ban)(ban)。新刻(ke)本有(you)中(zhong)華書(shu)局(ju)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)1955年(nian)版(ban)(ban)本，1963年(nian)又出(chu)版(ban)(ban)了增(zeng)(zeng)訂本，1984年(nian)又第4次印刷。《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)論文(wen)集，在體例上(shang)模仿漢代(dai)王(wang)充的(de)(de)(de)《論衡》。全書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)內容不(bu)在于(yu)(yu)(yu)引經注(zhu)典(dian)，更不(bu)同于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢后諸(zhu)(zhu)儒(ru)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)字(zi)章句之學(xue)(xue)(xue)，而(er)在于(yu)(yu)(yu)針對時(shi)弊，吸取(qu)(qu)(qu)明末政治(zhi)(zhi)腐敗導致(zhi)農民(min)(min)起(qi)義的(de)(de)(de)教訓，提出(chu)一(yi)(yi)系列(lie)抨擊君權專制(zhi)和倡導以民(min)(min)為(wei)本的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)政教觀(guan)點(dian)和主張，旨在善(shan)政養民(min)(min)，摒棄(qi)程朱理學(xue)(xue)(xue)，以實學(xue)(xue)(xue)濟世(shi)(shi)扶危，治(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)平天下(xia)(xia)。《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)》97篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，分(fen)(fen)上(shang)、下(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，上(shang)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)又分(fen)(fen)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)兩部(bu)分(fen)(fen)，上(shang)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)共21篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，自(zi)(zi)“辨(bian)儒(ru)”至“勸學(xue)(xue)(xue)”；上(shang)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)下(xia)(xia)共29篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，自(zi)(zi)“取(qu)(qu)(qu)善(shan)”至“博觀(guan)”。下(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)亦分(fen)(fen)為(wei)上(shang)、下(xia)(xia)兩部(bu)分(fen)(fen)，下(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)自(zi)(zi)“尚治(zhi)(zhi)”至“柅(ni)政”共24篇(pian)(pian)(pian)；下(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)下(xia)(xia)自(zi)(zi)“惰(duo)貧(pin)”至“潛(qian)(qian)(qian)存”共23篇(pian)(pian)(pian)。全書(shu)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政論文(wen)，一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教育(yu)著(zhu)作。論述教育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)：辨(bian)儒(ru)、宗孟、法王(wang)、知行、性才、自(zi)(zi)明、敬修(xiu)、講學(xue)(xue)(xue)、勸學(xue)(xue)(xue)、取(qu)(qu)(qu)善(shan)、五經、得(de)師、太子(zi)、明悌、誨子(zi)、博觀(guan)、用賢(xian)、教蠶、全學(xue)(xue)(xue)、審知等(deng)諸(zhu)(zhu)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)。
《潛書》上述(shu)諸教育(yu)篇(pian)所闡述(shu)的(de)教育(yu)主(zhu)張，是以其反對君(jun)權專制政治(zhi)和(he)宋(song)明理學(xue)空談心性學(xue)風(feng)為基礎(chu)的(de)，表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)鮮明的(de)民主(zhu)政治(zhi)傾向和(he)崇尚尊重個(ge)性與實學(xue)學(xue)風(feng)的(de)價(jia)值取向。《潛書》教育(yu)篇(pian)章中，論述(shu)的(de)教育(yu)主(zhu)張主(zhu)要有如下幾(ji)個(ge)方(fang)面：
重釋儒教
其一，以“盡性達才”、“明功辨(bian)義”的觀點(dian)重新解釋儒(ru)家教育的目的與作用。
在《辨(bian)(bian)儒(ru)(ru)》篇中，唐(tang)甄指(zhi)出：“圣賢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，因時而變，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)救其(qi)失也(ye)”。儒(ru)(ru)家(jia)學(xue)(xue)說是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)道計功(gong)而有用(yong)于(yu)世(shi)治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，“儒(ru)(ru)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言功(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點是(shi)對儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歪曲。“儒(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)貴者(zhe)，能(neng)定亂、除暴、安(an)百姓也(ye)”，如果事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)，功(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立(li)，儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)及其(qi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)又有什么用(yong)呢？他(ta)批評(ping)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)代以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)謂(wei)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)，空事(shi)圣人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，而“樹功(gong)則(ze)(ze)無聞焉”。什么叫(jiao)做功(gong)呢？唐(tang)甄以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)兵、農、刑、谷利于(yu)百姓，能(neng)治(zhi)亂安(an)邦，能(neng)使百姓安(an)居樂(le)，能(neng)“廣濟天下”，即是(shi)實功(gong)。針對宋(song)(song)(song)(song)明(ming)理(li)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)只(zhi)講(jiang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)心養性(xing)(xing)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致“端(duan)居恭(gong)默”、“無所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)施張”、空知無行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流弊，指(zhi)出光(guang)知“性(xing)(xing)德”而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知“性(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)”是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)真(zhen)(zhen)諦的(de)(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)謂(wei)“性(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)”就是(shi)通過“良(liang)(liang)知”的(de)(de)(de)(de)“自修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)”，由道德本體之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“心”所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)煥(huan)發(fa)并(bing)作用(yong)于(yu)客(ke)觀(guan)事(shi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)。“如火有明(ming)，明(ming)有光(guang)”。光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)和明(ming)暗不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“性(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)”亦(yi)有大小(xiao)，但作為(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)來(lai)講(jiang)，唯在“盡性(xing)(xing)達(da)才(cai)(cai)”。他(ta)認為(wei)：“性(xing)(xing)統天地，備萬物(wu)(wu)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)相天地，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)育(yu)萬物(wu)(wu)，于(yu)彼(bi)有闕(que)，即己有闕(que)”。“性(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)才(cai)(cai)，故無不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周(zhou)。何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圣人(ren)乃能(neng)周(zhou)世(shi)，后儒(ru)(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)周(zhou)身？蓋善修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)則(ze)(ze)周(zhou)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)善修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周(zhou)”。宋(song)(song)(song)(song)明(ming)理(li)學(xue)(xue)只(zhi)講(jiang)“盡性(xing)(xing)”而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言“盡才(cai)(cai)”，故無實功(gong)可樹。他(ta)說：“后世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)政(zheng)者(zhe)，心不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)，則(ze)(ze)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)；事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)，則(ze)(ze)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)見多乖，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)行(xing)多泥。徒抱空性(xing)(xing)，終(zhong)于(yu)自廢(fei)，何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)為(wei)!”在理(li)論上批評(ping)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)明(ming)理(li)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)心性(xing)(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)養論是(shi)一(yi)種未能(neng)“盡性(xing)(xing)達(da)才(cai)(cai)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)錯誤教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)理(li)論，并(bing)指(zhi)出這(zhe)(zhe)種教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)實踐(jian)是(shi)棄“仁”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)。相反，陽明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“致良(liang)(liang)知”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)，“一(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)貫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明(ming)如日月，涉險履危，四通八辟(pi)而無礙也(ye)。其(qi)見于(yu)行(xing)事(shi)者(zhe)，使人(ren)各當其(qi)才(cai)(cai)，慮事(shi)各得其(qi)宜(yi)；處患難而能(neng)全其(qi)用(yong)，遇小(xiao)人(ren)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失其(qi)正，委蛇自遂，卒保(bao)其(qi)功(gong)”，是(shi)“盡性(xing)(xing)達(da)才(cai)(cai)”“明(ming)功(gong)辨(bian)(bian)義”的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)。唐(tang)甄主張廢(fei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)明(ming)程朱理(li)學(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)，代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陽明(ming)致良(liang)(liang)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)，這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)主張是(shi)對明(ming)末清初所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)奉行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)學(xue)(xue)獨尊文教(jiao)(jiao)政(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個挑(tiao)戰(zhan)，反映了他(ta)對儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)及其(qi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)價值(zhi)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)造。
教育目標
其二，提(ti)出(chu)“全學”教育內容，把傳統學校(xiao)教學內容由單純的(de)書(shu)本(ben)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)擴大到(dao)現實生活與生產(chan)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)軍事知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)技能范圍，以(yi)(yi)培(pei)養(yang)“全學人”為教育目標。
在《全(quan)學(xue)》篇，唐甄(zhen)(zhen)指(zhi)出：“學(xue)者(zhe)善(shan)獨身，居平世(shi)(shi)，仁(ren)義(yi)足矣(yi)，而(er)非全(quan)學(xue)也”。所謂“全(quan)學(xue)”，即包(bao)括仁(ren)、義(yi)、兵(bing)(bing)三方面(mian)的內容(rong)。仁(ren)與(yu)義(yi)是(shi)(shi)歷來儒(ru)(ru)家(jia)(jia)特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)宋明(ming)理學(xue)家(jia)(jia)所提(ti)倡的，但兵(bing)(bing)則為(wei)(wei)(wei)儒(ru)(ru)者(zhe)所不(bu)(bu)齒。唐甄(zhen)(zhen)說(shuo)：“君子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)也，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)”。“不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)，則仁(ren)義(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)，而(er)國(guo)(guo)因(yin)以(yi)(yi)亡(wang)矣(yi)”。他(ta)批評宋明(ming)理學(xue)教育(yu)只(zhi)講仁(ren)義(yi)而(er)恥(chi)于言(yan)兵(bing)(bing)，結果忠臣孝子雖多，但一(yi)(yi)遇社稷不(bu)(bu)幸，“君臣震懾”，為(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)仁(ren)”、“不(bu)(bu)義(yi)”者(zhe)虜，國(guo)(guo)破家(jia)(jia)亡(wang)。由此(ci)，他(ta)說(shuo)：“所貴乎(hu)儒(ru)(ru)者(zhe)，伐暴(bao)而(er)天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暴(bao)除(chu)，誅亂(luan)而(er)天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亂(luan)定(ding)，養(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)而(er)天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)安”。在《教蠶》篇中，唐甄(zhen)(zhen)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)三代(dai)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)，官吏(li)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)教民(min)(min)(min)田桑(sang)，“廢海內無(wu)(wu)(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利，使民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)得厚其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，乃患民(min)(min)(min)貧，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)財(cai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)術(shu)”。有(you)鑒如此(ci)，他(ta)主(zhu)張廣教民(min)(min)(min)學(xue)習種桑(sang)養(yang)(yang)蠶以(yi)(yi)及(ji)飼(si)繅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，使“有(you)禾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土必有(you)桑(sang)焉(yan)”。在《勸學(xue)》篇中，他(ta)批評后(hou)世(shi)(shi)儒(ru)(ru)者(zhe)，將儒(ru)(ru)家(jia)(jia)學(xue)說(shuo)裂為(wei)(wei)(wei)文學(xue)、事(shi)功、道(dao)學(xue)殊途，“習為(wei)(wei)(wei)迂闊無(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)于世(shi)(shi)，是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)有(you)薄而(er)不(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)”，喪失了(le)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)的根本。他(ta)反(fan)復(fu)強調學(xue)以(yi)(yi)致(zhi)用(yong)(yong)，應當(dang)把教育(yu)內容(rong)擴大到現實政治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)中來，不(bu)(bu)要囿于心性道(dao)德(de)一(yi)(yi)途。他(ta)尖銳指(zhi)出：“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)五十年來，為(wei)(wei)(wei)政者(zhe)無(wu)(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)富(fu)民(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)，上言(yan)者(zhe)無(wu)(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)富(fu)民(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)”，是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)“立國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)”“惟(wei)在于富(fu)”，以(yi)(yi)致(zhi)“四海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內，日益(yi)貧窮，農空(kong)、工(gong)空(kong)、市空(kong)、仕空(kong)”。因(yin)此(ci)他(ta)主(zhu)張以(yi)(yi)“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)養(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)”作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)教育(yu)內容(rong)，移風易俗，使國(guo)(guo)與(yu)家(jia)(jia)富(fu)強。
其三(san)，提出尊師(shi)重傅以加強皇太子教育的主張。
在(zai)《得師(shi)》篇中(zhong)，唐甄稱譽伊尹教太甲(jia)、周公(gong)訓(xun)成王，提出(chu)“君德必成于(yu)學(xue)(xue)，而(er)學(xue)(xue)必得師(shi)保”的(de)(de)命(ming)題。他以(yi)為(wei)一國政治的(de)(de)好壞往往取決于(yu)君王的(de)(de)德智才學(xue)(xue)，因此(ci)皇(huang)太子(zi)的(de)(de)教育尤其重要。如何(he)教太子(zi)呢？唐甄在(zai)《太子(zi)》篇中(zhong)系統地(di)闡述了(le)有關教育原(yuan)則與(yu)方法：
(1)尊師(shi)重傅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，即天子以身作則尊重師(shi)傅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，只(zhi)有樹立師(shi)傅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的尊嚴，才能使太(tai)子抑尊處(chu)卑。在作法上，打(da)破南面臨師(shi)傅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，把(ba)師(shi)傅(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)作為下屬之臣看待的傳(chuan)統(tong)，真正使太(tai)子處(chu)于學生地(di)位(wei)，“進退唯命”。
(2)讓(rang)太子接觸社會實際，“春使視耕，夏使視耘，秋使視獲，冬使視藏”，從而(er)知道(dao)(dao)生(sheng)養之(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。除了了解(jie)農業外，還應當觀于桑(sang)、牧(mu)、牢、澤、圃、山、肆(si)、市、道(dao)(dao)等，從而(er)知道(dao)(dao)衣(yi)服、車乘、鼎俎(zu)、魚鱉、果(guo)蔬(shu)、材木、器用(yong)等來之(zhi)不(bu)易，知道(dao)(dao)商人(ren)、兵士、勞(lao)役等的勞(lao)苦。
(3)注意教育環境，不(bu)要異(yi)宮(gong)而處，異(yi)庖而食，異(yi)笥而衣，生活上不(bu)搞特(te)殊化，同時還要禁(jin)止同宮(gong)女(nv)、宦官的(de)接觸(chu)，因(yin)為女(nv)色傷身，宦官害政，這是(shi)明代政治腐敗最慘重的(de)兩個方面。
(4)嚴格要求，“有過必撻”。唐(tang)甄主(zhu)張如果太子不(bu)(bu)接受(shou)師(shi)教，不(bu)(bu)尊(zun)師(shi)傅，不(bu)(bu)敬(jing)不(bu)(bu)禮大臣，知(zhi)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)行(xing)，不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)農事農窮，不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)物土人勞，受(shou)了(le)教育而(er)(er)無(wu)實際行(xing)動，都(dou)應當“撻之”。實行(xing)嚴格教育是使太子成為治(zhi)國之君的必要條件。
在《得師》篇中指出，太子身貴(gui)，但(dan)“心無貴(gui)賤”，“是故天子學(xue)同于(yu)士，懼而篤學(xue)，當(dang)百于(yu)士”。唐甄打破君(jun)權神(shen)授的(de)(de)天命論，從建立理(li)想的(de)(de)國家政(zheng)治目的(de)(de)出發，寄希(xi)望于(yu)儲君(jun)的(de)(de)教養，在思想和理(li)論上都有(you)超越(yue)前人之處。
其(qi)四，提出治化之源在(zai)于(yu)吏治的政教(jiao)思想(xiang)，批評學校教(jiao)育的局限性。
這一觀點是針對明末東林黨人過(guo)份夸大學校教育(yu)的(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)作用而提出的(de)。東林黨人封建私塾
顧憲成認為興(xing)學校以教天下是治亂(luan)之本，學校教育對上有正君正職官的(de)作用，對下則有“洽于鄉里(li)”使(shi)“民易使(shi)”的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)。所以他們主(zhu)張在野之士(shi)廣(guang)結(jie)盟社，興(xing)書院，造(zao)成一種(zhong)以學校議政(zheng)監政(zheng)和改(gai)變社會的(de)風氣。
唐甄在(zai)《尚治(zhi)》篇(pian)中(zhong)指(zhi)出，這種觀點雖是“善(shan)言(yan)”但不(bu)(bu)能行。原因在(zai)于(yu)“講(jiang)學(xue)必樹黨(dang)，樹黨(dang)必爭進退，使學(xue)者扳援奔趨而失其本心”。認為(wei)讀(du)書人(ren)以講(jiang)學(xue)來干預政治(zhi)的想法和行動(dong)，在(zai)客觀上根本達(da)不(bu)(bu)到目的，相反只能使“議論害(hai)治(zhi)”，“使人(ren)尚浮夸而喪其實”。因為(wei)國家政權操縱(zong)于(yu)皇帝一(yi)人(ren)之手，加(jia)之所(suo)御各級官吏極力維(wei)護君(jun)主獨裁，所(suo)以知識分(fen)子的力量(liang)是微不(bu)(bu)足道的，學(xue)校教(jiao)育的政治(zhi)作(zuo)用也是很(hen)有局(ju)限的。
在(zai)《富民》篇中，唐(tang)甄指出人民之所以(yi)貧窮，國(guo)家之所以(yi)不(bu)得(de)治，不(bu)是(shi)(shi)教育無功，而是(shi)(shi)貪(tan)官之害(hai)不(bu)除。官吏之貪(tan)有甚于(yu)執(zhi)刃(ren)的盜賊，“夫盜不(bu)盡人，寇(kou)不(bu)盡世，而民之毒于(yu)貪(tan)吏者，無所逃于(yu)天地之間”。
在《考功》篇中(zhong)指(zhi)出；“天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之官(guan)皆(jie)棄民(min)(min)之官(guan)，天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之事皆(jie)棄民(min)(min)之事，是(shi)舉(ju)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之父兄子(zi)弟盡推之于溝壑也，欲得治(zhi)乎？”所以(yi)(yi)，治(zhi)國富民(min)(min)的(de)關鍵(jian)在于整頓吏治(zhi)，除天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)貪官(guan)。但如何達(da)到(dao)吏治(zhi)呢？唐甄(zhen)并沒有找到(dao)什么有效(xiao)措施(shi)，卻又(you)回(hui)到(dao)教育(yu)問題上(shang)來(lai)。他提(ti)倡通過(guo)教育(yu)使上(shang)自君主下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)至百(bai)官(guan)要以(yi)(yi)民(min)(min)為本，以(yi)(yi)身作則，去貪養廉，論功舉(ju)賢(xian)，足食以(yi)(yi)養民(min)(min)。顯然，這些也是(shi)一種無能為力的(de)幻想。
總之(zhi)，《潛書》所(suo)散(san)論(lun)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)思想在很大(da)程度上是在政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)立(li)場和(he)(he)觀點(dian)基礎上闡發(fa)的(de)(de)，帶有濃厚的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)論(lun)性色彩(cai)。在上述(shu)觀點(dian)中(zhong)，提倡實學教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)與目的(de)(de)，指陳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)局限性，以及在論(lun)述(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)與政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)的(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)和(he)(he)批(pi)(pi)評(ping)宋明理學教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)流(liu)弊等(deng)方面，確有樸素的(de)(de)民主(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)(zhu)義政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)傾(qing)向和(he)(he)開創(chuang)實學教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)風氣的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。但在其(qi)他篇章中(zhong)，唐甄反復(fu)強調倫理道(dao)德(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)，特別是在有關(guan)家教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)方面，表現出強烈的(de)(de)禁欲主(zhu)(zhu)義、男尊女卑(bei)、君權至尚等(deng)傾(qing)向，加之(zhi)階級(ji)的(de)(de)局限，看不到勞動者(zhe)的(de)(de)力量，并且(qie)著意(yi)貶低士林清(qing)議(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，流(liu)露出消極悲觀的(de)(de)情緒。如果(guo)剔除(chu)這些消極因素，在今.天(tian)，《潛書》中(zhong)的(de)(de)進步(bu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)張(zhang)對于(yu)啟發(fa)人們認(ren)識和(he)(he)批(pi)(pi)判中(zhong)國傳統教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)是有幫助的(de)(de)。
唐甄是清(qing)代初期重(zhong)要的(de)社會(hui)啟(qi)蒙思想家。他的(de)一生(sheng)“困于遠(yuan)游，厄于人事(shi)”唐甄的(de)思想對后世產生(sheng)深遠(yuan)影響
唐甄(zhen)的(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)啟蒙(meng)思(si)想，主(zhu)(zhu)要表現.在(zai)他(ta)對封(feng)建專(zhuan)制制度的(de)(de)深刻批判，以及(ji)由此出(chu)發提(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)具(ju)有初(chu)步民主(zhu)(zhu)意識(shi)的(de)(de)政(zheng)治主(zhu)(zhu)張。他(ta)不僅(jin)繼(ji)承發揚了(le)明清之(zhi)際啟蒙(meng)思(si)想家的(de)(de)經世傳統(tong)和批判精神(shen)，而且(qie)具(ju)體提(ti)出(chu)了(le)救(jiu)治社(she)會(hui)弊端的(de)(de)實際措(cuo)施。
唐(tang)甄的(de)(de)社(she)會政(zheng)治啟(qi)蒙思想(xiang)，首先表現.在(zai)他(ta)猛烈抨(peng)擊了封建專制制度下的(de)(de)君主順治官吏的(de)(de)殘暴罪(zui)行，提出(chu)了抑(yi)制君主至尊權(quan)勢、倡導社(she)會人(ren)人(ren)平等(deng)的(de)(de)政(zheng)治主張。
唐(tang)甄認為(wei)(wei)，在自(zi)(zi)秦(qin)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)封建專制(zhi)制(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)社會中(zhong)，至高無(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)封建君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)，不(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)掠奪天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)人財富的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)盜賊(zei)，而(er)(er)且(qie)是(shi)(shi)慘(can)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)人生命的(de)(de)(de)罪惡兇手。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“自(zi)(zi)秦(qin)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，凡為(wei)(wei)帝王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)皆(jie)賊(zei)也(ye)(ye)……殺(sha)(sha)(sha)一(yi)人而(er)(er)取(qu)(qu)其(qi)匹布斗粟(su)，猶謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)；殺(sha)(sha)(sha)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人而(er)(er)盡其(qi)布粟(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富，而(er)(er)反(fan)不(bu)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)乎(hu)？”（《潛(qian)(qian)書·室(shi)語(yu)》）唐(tang)甄明確而(er)(er)尖(jian)銳地指出，封建君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)至尊(zun)權勢的(de)(de)(de)取(qu)(qu)得和專制(zhi)極權的(de)(de)(de)統治，是(shi)(shi)建立在殺(sha)(sha)(sha)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人、掠天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)暴(bao)野蠻行為(wei)(wei)上的(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)指出，二千(qian)多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)專制(zhi)社會，就是(shi)(shi)一(yi)部“殺(sha)(sha)(sha)人如麻”、“血流漂杵”的(de)(de)(de)悲慘(can)歷史。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“周(zhou)秦(qin)以(yi)(yi)后，君(jun)(jun)將豪杰，皆(jie)鼓刀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屠(tu)人。”（《潛(qian)(qian)書·止殺(sha)(sha)(sha)》）“蓋自(zi)(zi)秦(qin)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，屠(tu)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)二千(qian)余年，不(bu)可究止。嗟乎(hu)！何帝王(wang)(wang)盜賊(zei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒(du)至于(yu)(yu)如此其(qi)極哉！”（《潛(qian)(qian)書·全學》）唐(tang)甄認為(wei)(wei)，雖然“殺(sha)(sha)(sha)人者(zhe)眾手，實天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)手。”（《潛(qian)(qian)書·室(shi)語(yu)》）暴(bao)虐君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)是(shi)(shi)殘(can)害天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)人的(de)(de)(de)罪魁禍首，他(ta)(ta)們并(bing)非(fei)什么“德比唐(tang)虞，功過湯武”的(de)(de)(de)仁君(jun)(jun)圣人，而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)“慘(can)刻少恩(en)，譎(jue)詐無(wu)實”（《潛(qian)(qian)書·仁師》）的(de)(de)(de)獨夫民(min)賊(zei)。唐(tang)甄進(jin)一(yi)步揭露說(shuo)(shuo)，竊國屠(tu)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)暴(bao)無(wu)道的(de)(de)(de)封建君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)，是(shi)(shi)導致(zhi)國家動亂、民(min)眾涂炭的(de)(de)(de)根源。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)，自(zi)(zi)秦(qin)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，“君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)道也(ye)(ye)多(duo)矣，民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)樂其(qi)生也(ye)(ye)久矣”（《潛(qian)(qian)書·鮮君(jun)(jun)》）。民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)樂其(qi)生，源于(yu)(yu)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)道。他(ta)(ta)指出：“治天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)惟君(jun)(jun)。治亂非(fei)他(ta)(ta)人所能為(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)，君(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)。”“小人”、“女(nv)子(zi)寺人”、“奸(jian)雄盜賊(zei)”亂天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，皆(jie)由君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)道所致(zhi)，
“懦君(jun)(jun)蓄亂(luan)，辟君(jun)(jun)生亂(luan)，暗君(jun)(jun)召亂(luan)，暴(bao)君(jun)(jun)激亂(luan)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·鮮君(jun)(jun)》）。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)這些(xie)禍(huo)國(guo)殃民(min)(min)(min)、惡(e)貫滿(man)盈(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)，唐(tang)甄(zhen)慰藉則厲言：其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)使(shi)我(wo)治(zhi)(zhi)殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)獄，我(wo)則有以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)。匹夫無(wu)(wu)故而(er)(er)殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)身(shen)抵(di)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死(si)，斯足矣(yi)(yi)；有天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)無(wu)(wu)故而(er)(er)殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，雖百(bai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抵(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)殺(sha)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)。（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·室(shi)語》）他(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)，即使(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)極(ji)(ji)刑去處(chu)死(si)暴(bao)君(jun)(jun)昏(hun)主(zhu)，亦難(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抵(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)屠戮(lu)禍(huo)害(hai)(hai)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)又無(wu)(wu)情痛斥了專制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)吏(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘暴(bao)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)行(xing)。他(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)，遍布四(si)海(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)污吏(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)去推行(xing)賢(xian)明(ming)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善政，而(er)(er)且(qie)日夜(ye)獵取天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)民(min)(min)(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)富。他(ta)們(men)“明(ming)于(yu)(yu)家而(er)(er)昧于(yu)(yu)國(guo)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·存言》），莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)謀私而(er)(er)貪(tan)利(li)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)賢(xian)君(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善政，他(ta)們(men)“上(shang)(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文責下(xia)(xia)，下(xia)(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文蒙(meng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)去躬行(xing)實(shi)施(shi)，相互欺瞞推諉，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疾(ji)苦(ku)，他(ta)們(men)坐視(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)救(jiu)(jiu)，棄(qi)置不(bu)(bu)(bu)顧，“雖田園荒蕪，廬舍傾倒，而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)顧也(ye)(ye)；雖父兄凍餓，子(zi)弟死(si)亡，而(er)(er)莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恤(xu)也(ye)(ye)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·柅(ni)政》）唐(tang)甄(zhen)指(zhi)出(chu)，橫征(zheng)暴(bao)斂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)污吏(li)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)害(hai)(hai)甚于(yu)(yu)窮(qiong)(qiong)兇極(ji)(ji)惡(e)殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)越貸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盜(dao)賊匪寇。他(ta)說：穴墻而(er)(er)入者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)發(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密藏；群刃而(er)(er)進者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)奪人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田宅；御旅于(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)破人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家室(shi)；寇至(zhi)誅焚者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)窮(qiong)(qiong)山谷而(er)(er)遍四(si)海(hai)。彼為吏(li)者(zhe)，星列于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，日夜(ye)獵人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)……如(ru)填壑谷，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可滿(man)也(ye)(ye)。夫盜(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，寇不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡世，而(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒于(yu)(yu)吏(li)者(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)所(suo)逃于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·富民(min)(min)(min)》）因(yin)此，“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)寬仁而(er)(er)恤(xu)民(min)(min)(min)”，四(si)海(hai)民(min)(min)(min)眾仍困窮(qiong)(qiong)，天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)依舊(jiu)難(nan)治(zhi)(zhi)理，皆(jie)是(shi)“公卿(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過也(ye)(ye)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·存言》）。他(ta)說：“天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)難(nan)治(zhi)(zhi)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為民(min)(min)(min)難(nan)治(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)知難(nan)治(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，非民(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)，官(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)。凡茲庶民(min)(min)(min)，茍非亂(luan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，亦唯求其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)樂，避其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)苦(ku)，曷嘗好犯上(shang)(shang)(shang)法以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)與上(shang)(shang)(shang)為難(nan)也(ye)(ye)！論政者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)察所(suo)由，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為法令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)(yu)行(xing)者(zhe)，皆(jie)柅(ni)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良，釋官(guan)(guan)(guan)而(er)(er)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)民(min)(min)(min)，此所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)難(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)與言治(zhi)(zhi)與。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·柅(ni)政》）他(ta)進一(yi)步揭(jie)露(lu)說：“天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)皆(jie)棄(qi)民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)，天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事皆(jie)棄(qi)民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，是(shi)舉天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父兄子(zi)弟盡推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)溝(gou)壑也(ye)(ye)，欲治(zhi)(zhi)得乎！”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·考功》）因(yin)此，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)殘害(hai)(hai)棄(qi)虐百(bai)姓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)污吏(li)，必須盡行(xing)革除，嚴懲不(bu)(bu)(bu)殆，“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刑狐鼠(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刑豺狼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)，而(er)(er)重工業(ye)刑匿狐鼠(shu)、養豺狼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·權(quan)實(shi)》），“刑自(zi)貴始，自(zi)寵(chong)始，自(zi)近始”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·卿(qing)牧》）。唐(tang)甄(zhen)在對(dui)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)吏(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘暴(bao)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)揭(jie)露(lu)批判中(zhong)，深刻地認識到(dao)，無(wu)(wu)道君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專制(zhi)(zhi)統(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)，貪(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)污吏(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫征(zheng)暴(bao)斂，導致了國(guo)家社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動亂(luan)和四(si)海(hai)民(min)(min)(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)窮(qiong)(qiong)困，然其(qi)(qi)(qi)最終根(gen)源(yuan)，則在于(yu)(yu)自(zi)秦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)專制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。因(yin)此，唐(tang)甄(zhen)提出(chu)了抑制(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)至(zhi)尊權(quan)勢、倡(chang)導社(she)會(hui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)平等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政治(zhi)(zhi)啟蒙(meng)思(si)想(xiang)，闡述了救(jiu)(jiu)治(zhi)(zhi)現實(shi)社(she)會(hui)政治(zhi)(zhi)弊端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)措施(shi)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)徹(che)底(di)否定(ding)了君(jun)(jun)權(quan)神授(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)觀(guan)念，提出(chu)了抑君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政治(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)張。他(ta)提出(chu)，“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊，非天(tian)(tian)地大神也(ye)(ye)，皆(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·抑尊》）。
“天(tian)子雖(sui)尊(zun)，亦人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·善(shan)游》）。封(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)并不(bu)是(shi)什么(me)“天(tian)地(di)大(da)(da)神”，而只是(shi)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)眾生(sheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普通一人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。但(dan)是(shi)，由于(yu)(yu)封(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)具(ju)有至(zhi)高(gao)無上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)位和總攬一切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)(dui)權勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，因而導(dao)致了(le)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)，如(ru)在(zai)天(tian)上(shang)(shang)，與帝(di)同(tong)體”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神圣光環，出(chu)現(xian)了(le)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賤(jian)視其(qi)臣(chen)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，如(ru)犬馬蟲蟻不(bu)類于(yu)(yu)我(wo)也(ye)(ye)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·抑尊(zun)》）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)尊(zun)威(wei)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)指(zhi)出(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)尊(zun)地(di)位和絕對(dui)(dui)權勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，必(bi)(bi)將(jiang)導(dao)致君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)而自(zi)蔽(bi)，賢人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)退而治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道遠。因此，只有抑制君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)至(zhi)尊(zun)權勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，才能避(bi)免政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腐敗黑暗(an)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾不(bu)遂其(qi)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)弊端。他(ta)認為(wei)(wei)，抑制君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)至(zhi)尊(zun)權勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，首先要(yao)加強(qiang)提出(chu)公卿(qing)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權力，允許臣(chen)吏諫(jian)政(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)(yu)朝，士(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)議政(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)(yu)學，庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)謗政(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)(yu)道。同(tong)時(shi)，還要(yao)在(zai)中(zhong)央政(zheng)(zheng)府設制冢宰(zai)、司(si)徒、宗伯、司(si)馬、司(si)寇、司(si)空的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“六卿(qing)”職官，限制和約束君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)尊(zun)權勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，使他(ta)們(men)(men)敢(gan)于(yu)(yu)“攻(gong)(gong)(gong)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過”，“攻(gong)(gong)(gong)宮闈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過”，“攻(gong)(gong)(gong)帝(di)族(zu)、攻(gong)(gong)(gong)后族(zu)、攻(gong)(gong)(gong)寵貴”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過。其(qi)次，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)指(zhi)出(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)必(bi)(bi)須自(zi)覺抑制自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尊(zun)威(wei)權勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，“位在(zai)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)者，必(bi)(bi)處(chu)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·抑尊(zun)》）。在(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)活動中(zhong)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則要(yao)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)地(di)對(dui)(dui)待(dai)臣(chen)吏百姓，“接賤(jian)士(shi)如(ru)見(jian)公卿(qing)，臨匹夫(fu)如(ru)對(dui)(dui)上(shang)(shang)帝(di)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·善(shan)施》），虛(xu)心(xin)地(di)接受臣(chen)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)議政(zheng)(zheng)，“勿己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)，惟道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歸”，“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)無賢愚，皆我(wo)師也(ye)(ye)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·六善(shan)》）。在(zai)日常生(sheng)活中(zhong)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則要(yao)“處(chu)身如(ru)農夫(fu)，殿陛如(ru)田舍，衣食如(ru)貧士(shi)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·尚治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》），“貴為(wei)(wei)天(tian)子，亦可以庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫(fu)婦處(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·去奴》），與民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)同(tong)情(qing)，從(cong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)所欲(yu)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)嚴(yan)厲地(di)指(zhi)出(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)如(ru)果不(bu)能抑制自(zi)己(ji)尊(zun)威(wei)權勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，一味殘暴不(bu)義，無道于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，那么(me)，歷史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，必(bi)(bi)將(jiang)徹底摧毀君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權力地(di)位、身家性命(ming)。到時(shi)，“雖(sui)九州為(wei)(wei)宅(zhai)，九川為(wei)(wei)防，九山為(wei)(wei)阻，破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)榷(que)雀(que)卵(luan)也(ye)(ye)；雖(sui)盡荊蠻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)金以為(wei)(wei)兵，盡畿省之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)籍以為(wei)(wei)卒，推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)蹶弱童也(ye)(ye)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·遠諫(jian)》）唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)還批判(pan)了(le)封(feng)建綱常倫(lun)(lun)(lun)理，提出(chu)了(le)社(she)會(hui)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初步(bu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)思想。他(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)，“圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)定尊(zun)卑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分，將(jiang)使順而率(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非使亢而遠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·抑尊(zun)》）。但(dan)是(shi)，封(feng)建專制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)臣(chen)綱、父為(wei)(wei)子綱、夫(fu)為(wei)(wei)妻綱、男尊(zun)女卑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)理綱常，卻完全背(bei)離了(le)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)設尊(zun)卑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分意在(zai)“順而率(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)作用；而忠孝(xiao)仁義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“美德”“大(da)(da)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)”，卻由于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)“不(bu)正其(qi)心(xin)，不(bu)得其(qi)方(fang)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·破(po)祟》），而成為(wei)(wei)致人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)于(yu)(yu)死地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祟害。因此，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)封(feng)建綱常倫(lun)(lun)(lun)理道德，提出(chu)了(le)大(da)(da)膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懷疑(yi)和否(fou)定。他(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)，“天(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道故平(ping)(ping)，平(ping)(ping)則萬物各(ge)得其(qi)所。及其(qi)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)也(ye)(ye)，此厚而彼薄，此樂而彼憂”，政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)，經濟生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)，倫(lun)(lun)(lun)理關(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)，必(bi)(bi)將(jiang)導(dao)致天(tian)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動亂(luan)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘殺(sha)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)來本是(shi)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)設尊(zun)卑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分意在(zai)“順而率(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，但(dan)專制社(she)會(hui)卻造成了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)僮(tong)“亢而遠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”極不(bu)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)關(guan)系。故唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)強(qiang)調，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)，無論是(shi)在(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、經濟、倫(lun)(lun)(lun)理關(guan)系上(shang)(shang)，都應當破(po)除(chu)封(feng)建綱常倫(lun)(lun)(lun)理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祟，實現(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)、夫(fu)妻、男女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)關(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)相同(tong)。這樣，才能避(bi)免專制社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端危害，促進社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步(bu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)抨(peng)擊封(feng)建專制、倡導(dao)社(she)會(hui)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟蒙思想，反映了(le)當時(shi)社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，具(ju)有進步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)作用。
唐甄的社會啟蒙思想，還表現在他提出了“治道貴致其實”、“清朝社會生活線描圖立國(guo)惟在(zai)富(fu)(fu)民”的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治主張。唐甄(zhen)在(zai)自身的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)實(shi)(shi)踐活動中，深刻(ke)地認識到，國(guo)家社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)動亂黑暗，民眾生活的(de)(de)(de)艱難困窮，就在(zai)于(yu)統治者沒有采取實(shi)(shi)行(xing)、實(shi)(shi)事、實(shi)(shi)治，以(yi)致富(fu)(fu)于(yu)民的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治措(cuo)施(shi)。民眾生活的(de)(de)(de)困窮原因，還在(zai)于(yu)“為政(zheng)者不以(yi)富(fu)(fu)民為功(gong)”（《潛書(shu)·考(kao)功(gong)》）。
唐甄《養重》（《潛(qian)書》上篇下）
茍非仕(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)(de)祿，及公(gong)卿敬禮而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)下耕(geng)賈而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)財無(wu)可(ke)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，必為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)矣(yi)。我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以賈為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，人(ren)(ren)以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辱其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以不(bu)辱其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)也(ye)(ye)。雖然，身(shen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)賈者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)得(de)(de)已(yi)也(ye)(ye)。溺(ni)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)附木，孰如無(wu)溺(ni)。昔(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)荊(jing)州大(da)水，饑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)萬人(ren)(ren)，張居正為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政，皆(jie)(jie)食(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)活(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)時(shi)荊(jing)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)二百(bai)(bai)余(yu)人(ren)(ren)，賴食(shi)(shi)以活(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五(wu)十人(ren)(ren)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)有(you)田(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)蓄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)無(wu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)蓄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)處于(yu)居正門下，大(da)則(ze)貴(gui)(gui)，小則(ze)富(fu)。及居正沒，皆(jie)(jie)禁(jin)不(bu)得(de)(de)進(jin)用焉。昔(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)蜀(shu)有(you)二士(shi)曰駱(luo)純(chun)曰殷(yin)(yin)(yin)正，以文(wen)學稱。楊榮(rong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)相，使使奉書幣二而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)屬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)布政使曰：駱(luo)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)二子(zi)(zi)，蜀(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雋(jun)士(shi)也(ye)(ye)，吾(wu)懷其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)久矣(yi)，君(jun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)駱(luo)子(zi)(zi)貧而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)妻，教生(sheng)(sheng)徒(tu)于(yu)鄉里，殷(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)富(fu)有(you)田(tian)(tian)(tian)園蓄牧山林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饒。駱(luo)子(zi)(zi)受(shou)書幣，越三日而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)啟行。殷(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)辭(ci)以疾，固(gu)不(bu)肯行。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)友(you)勸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行，殷(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)曰：吾(wu)非不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)楊公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賢(xian)，可(ke)與為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)交，且力能進(jin)用我也(ye)(ye)。然富(fu)貴(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)不(bu)可(ke)客也(ye)(ye)，危疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝不(bu)可(ke)居也(ye)(ye)，車(che)馬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上不(bu)如我山居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)，公(gong)卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祿不(bu)如我歲入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多，舍(she)己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)任人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危，舍(she)己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)受(shou)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少，不(bu)待(dai)智(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)可(ke)矣(yi)。遂終身(shen)隱而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)出焉。夫(fu)荊(jing)士(shi)駱(luo)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)能守(shou)(shou)(shou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)節者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，食(shi)(shi)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)。殷(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能守(shou)(shou)(shou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)節者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，食(shi)(shi)足(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)。節之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立不(bu)立，由于(yu)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)(zu)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)。食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)，豈不(bu)重乎？其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在古(gu)昔(xi)(xi)，諸(zhu)侯能恭(gong)(gong)儉(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，保(bao)國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)也(ye)(ye)。大(da)夫(fu)能恭(gong)(gong)儉(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，保(bao)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主也(ye)(ye)。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，何獨(du)不(bu)然？若數口之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)，有(you)五(wu)十畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)，儉(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)守(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)以無(wu)饑矣(yi)。有(you)百(bai)(bai)畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)，儉(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)守(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)以自足(zu)(zu)矣(yi)。有(you)二百(bai)(bai)畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)，儉(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)蓄焉，可(ke)以周親戚鄰(lin)里矣(yi)。顧(gu)有(you)此田(tian)(tian)(tian)實難，無(wu)則(ze)固(gu)窮(qiong)，有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)儉(jian)守(shou)(shou)(shou)勿失，以遺子(zi)(zi)孫。是(shi)(shi)立身(shen)垂后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要道，不(bu)可(ke)不(bu)察也(ye)(ye)。
批判專制制度
唐(tang)甄對君主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專制制度進行(xing)大膽(dan)的(de)(de)(de)揭(jie)露和批判。他(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)皇帝(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)人(ren)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)什么(me)神秘，并指出(chu)(chu)(chu)皇帝(di)(di)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)切罪(zui)惡的(de)(de)(de)根源(yuan)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)“自秦(qin)以(yi)來(lai)(lai)，凡帝(di)(di)王者皆賊(zei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，“殺一(yi)(yi)人(ren)而(er)取其(qi)匹布斗(dou)(dou)粟(su)，尤謂之(zhi)賊(zei)，殺天(tian)下之(zhi)人(ren)，而(er)盡有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)不布粟(su)之(zhi)富(fu)(fu)，而(er)反不謂之(zhi)賊(zei)乎(hu)？”，他(ta)(ta)(ta)們為(wei)(wei)了奪取皇位常(chang)常(chang)無故(gu)殺人(ren)，殘害百(bai)姓。唐(tang)甄憤然(ran)地說：“川流潰決，必(bi)問為(wei)(wei)防之(zhi)人(ren),比(bi)戶延燒,必(bi)罪(zui)失火之(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),至于(yu)國破(po)家亡,流毒無窮……,非君其(qi)誰(shui)乎(hu)”(《潛書(shu)·遠諫》)。 唐(tang)甄提(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了“抑尊”，即限制君權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張，要(yao)求提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)大臣的(de)(de)(de)地位,使他(ta)(ta)(ta)們具有(you)(you)(you)同皇帝(di)(di)及其(qi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)權(quan)貴作斗(dou)(dou)爭的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)力，以(yi)“攻(gong)君之(zhi)過”,“攻(gong)宮(gong)闈(wei)之(zhi)過”,“攻(gong)帝(di)(di)族(zu)、攻(gong)后族(zu)、攻(gong)寵貴”之(zhi)過，使皇帝(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)所顧忌。唐(tang)甄還(huan)(huan)發展了產生(sheng)于(yu)先(xian)秦(qin)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)本(ben)思(si)想，強(qiang)調民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)是(shi)國家的(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)，離開了民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，便(bian)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)國家的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治。他(ta)(ta)(ta)指出(chu)(chu)(chu)，國防靠民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)來(lai)(lai)鞏固，府庫(ku)靠民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)來(lai)(lai)充實(shi)，朝廷靠民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)來(lai)(lai)尊崇，官(guan)(guan)(guan)員靠民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)來(lai)(lai)養活。君主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)只有(you)(you)(you)愛(ai)(ai)護(hu)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)才能達到長治久(jiu)安的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。如果無道(dao)于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，縱然(ran)“九(jiu)州(zhou)為(wei)(wei)宅，九(jiu)州(zhou)為(wei)(wei)防，九(jiu)山為(wei)(wei)阻(zu)，破(po)之(zhi)如椎雀卵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”(同前)。唐(tang)甄對“官(guan)(guan)(guan)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進行(xing)了猛(meng)烈抨擊，他(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)下難治，人(ren)們以(yi)為(wei)(wei)是(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)難治，實(shi)則(ze)不然(ran)，“難治者，非民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，官(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”他(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)大多數官(guan)(guan)(guan)吏“為(wei)(wei)盜(dao)臣，為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)賊(zei)”他(ta)(ta)(ta)還(huan)(huan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了愛(ai)(ai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)、保(bao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)、富(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)具體政(zheng)策，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張打擊貪(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)污(wu)吏，強(qiang)調“刑先(xian)于(yu)貴”；呼吁政(zheng)府幫助農民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)種值(zhi)農桑，發展生(sheng)產，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)活。針對當時貧富(fu)(fu)懸殊的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會現象，唐(tang)甄提(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)貧富(fu)(fu)要(yao)相(xiang)對平(ping)均的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張。他(ta)(ta)(ta)指出(chu)(chu)(chu)“天(tian)地之(zhi)道(dao)故(gu)平(ping),平(ping)則(ze)萬物各得其(qi)所”(《潛書(shu)·大命》),否則(ze)，必(bi)然(ran)引起(qi)社(she)會動(dong)亂。唐(tang)甄還(huan)(huan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)倡(chang)為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)利主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義，反對理(li)學(xue)家們“儒(ru)者不計其(qi)功(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)說法(fa)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)儒(ru)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)可貴之(zhi)處就(jiu)在于(yu)它能定亂、除暴、安百(bai)姓。如果儒(ru)者不言功(gong)，只顧自己，那就(jiu)同一(yi)(yi)個匹夫匹婦沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)什么(me)區別。唐(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)本(ben)思(si)想對后世有(you)(you)(you)較大影響。
思想的局限性
在(zai)唐甄思想(xiang)深(shen)處，仍(reng)把國泰民安的(de)希望寄(ji)托在(zai)賢明君主身(shen)上。他說：“天下之主在(zai)君，君之主在(zai)心。”唐甄提出(chu)的(de)為君之道仍(reng)然(ran)沒有跳出(chu)儒家的(de)思想(xiang)圈子。
歲月靜好
】編(bian)輯上傳提供(gong)，詞條(tiao)(tiao)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)開放詞條(tiao)(tiao)，當前頁面(mian)所展(zhan)示的詞條(tiao)(tiao)介紹(shao)涉及(ji)宣(xuan)傳內容屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)注冊用戶個人編(bian)輯行為(wei)，與【唐甄(zhen)】的所屬(shu)(shu)企(qi)業/所有人/主體無關，網(wang)站不完(wan)全(quan)保證內容信息(xi)的準確性(xing)、真實性(xing)，也不代(dai)表(biao)本站立(li)場，各項數據(ju)信息(xi)存在(zai)更(geng)新不及(ji)時的情況(kuang)，僅供(gong)參考，請以官方發布為(wei)準。如果頁面(mian)內容與實際情況(kuang)不符，可點擊“反饋”在(zai)線向(xiang)網(wang)站提出(chu)修改(gai)，網(wang)站將核實后進行更(geng)正(zheng)。
反(fan)饋
