生平(ping)及著(zhu)述：唐甄(zhen)(zhen)原名大陶，字(zi)鑄(zhu)萬；後更(geng)名甄(zhen)(zhen)，號圃亭(ting)，四川達(da)州(zhou)人，生於明(ming)崇禎三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)，卒(zu)於清(qing)康(kang)熙四十(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)，得年(nian)(nian)七十(shi)五歲(sui)。生平(ping)事跡頗隱晦，《四庫總目(mu)》至將《衡書(shu)》著(zhu)者(zhe)「唐大陶」及《潛書(shu)》著(zhu)者(zhe)唐甄(zhen)(zhen)別(bie)為二人。幼年(nian)(nian)隨父宦游，歷吳江(jiang)(jiang)、北京、南京。順治二年(nian)(nian)南京城破，父子(zi)避難浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)紹興(xing)。順治十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)丁酉（1657）舉人，曾任山西長子(zi)縣知縣十(shi)月，遍游河北、河南、湖北、浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)、江(jiang)(jiang)蘇等地二十(shi)馀年(nian)(nian)，後困(kun)於江(jiang)(jiang)蘇，仍志在天下(xia)，冀為王(wang)者(zhe)師，著(zhu)述不輟(chuo)。1962年(nian)(nian)北京中(zhong)華(hua)書(shu)局出版《潛書(shu)》，後附編者(zhe)李之勤(qin)〈唐甄(zhen)(zhen)事跡叢考〉一文，最稱詳實(shi)。
這表(biao)現.在(zai)(zai)(zai)，第(di)(di)一，封(feng)(feng)建(jian)君主(zhu)沒有(you)(you)(you)推行(xing)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策，而(er)(er)實(shi)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是忘民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)、虐發(fa)(fa)、害民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，因(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)“四海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內，日益困(kun)窮(qiong)(qiong)，農(nong)(nong)空(kong)、工空(kong)、市(shi)(shi)空(kong)、仕空(kong)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·存(cun)言(yan)(yan)》）。第(di)(di)二，封(feng)(feng)建(jian)官(guan)吏(li)(li)橫行(xing)掠奪民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)，他(ta)們坐視民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疾苦不(bu)(bu)(bu)救，貪婪謀取(qu)一己私利(li)。第(di)(di)三，沉重(zhong)繁多的(de)(de)(de)(de)賦稅，加重(zhong)了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)困(kun)苦。第(di)(di)四，財(cai)(cai)(cai)源枯竭，貸幣(bi)(bi)(bi)量少，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le)財(cai)(cai)(cai)貸無(wu)法流(liu)通(tong)，“當今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，無(wu)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)窮(qiong)(qiong)，非窮(qiong)(qiong)于財(cai)(cai)(cai)，窮(qiong)(qiong)于銀也”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·更(geng)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)》）。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)探討了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)窮(qiong)(qiong)困(kun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了(le)(le)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)改措施。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)邦(bang)本(ben)，為(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)首(shou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)無(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，豈(qi)有(you)(you)(you)四政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)！封(feng)(feng)建(jian)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)固之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；府庫(ku)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)充(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；朝廷，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；官(guan)職，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)養(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·明鑒》）只有(you)(you)(you)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豐(feng)衣足(zu)食，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)才(cai)能(neng)興旺發(fa)(fa)達；如(ru)果民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)貧窮(qiong)(qiong)困(kun)苦，必(bi)(bi)將導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)滅亡(wang)。他(ta)說：立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)無(wu)他(ta)，惟在(zai)(zai)(zai)于富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。自(zi)古未有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)貧而(er)(er)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)。夫(fu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)編(bian)戶，不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)府庫(ku)。若(ruo)編(bian)戶空(kong)虛(xu)，雖(sui)府庫(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)積(ji)如(ru)丘山，實(shi)為(wei)(wei)貧國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)矣。（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·存(cun)言(yan)(yan)》）因(yin)(yin)此，立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)庫(ku)財(cai)(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)盈，而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)強(qiang)調，“治(zhi)道(dao)(dao)貴(gui)致(zhi)(zhi)其實(shi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·權實(shi)》），實(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。他(ta)說：“財(cai)(cai)(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)也，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)也，寶(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)竊，命(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)攘(rang)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）財(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)，因(yin)(yin)此立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)惟在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)具體(ti)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了(le)(le)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種措施。首(shou)先(xian)(xian)，為(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)當以(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，力除棄民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)虐民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。他(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)因(yin)(yin)此，立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)庫(ku)財(cai)(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)盈，而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)強(qiang)調，“治(zhi)道(dao)(dao)貴(gui)致(zhi)(zhi)其實(shi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·權實(shi)》），實(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。他(ta)說：“財(cai)(cai)(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)也，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)也，寶(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)竊，命(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)攘(rang)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）財(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)，因(yin)(yin)此立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)惟在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)具體(ti)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了(le)(le)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種措施。首(shou)先(xian)(xian)，為(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)當以(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，力除棄民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)虐民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。他(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)方針當以(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)宗旨，“其舉(ju)事(shi)任職雖(sui)多，不(bu)(bu)(bu)過使(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)困(kun)窮(qiong)(qiong)而(er)(er)已”，“雖(sui)官(guan)有(you)(you)(you)百職，職有(you)(you)(you)百務，要(yao)(yao)歸于養(yang)(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·考功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）故(gu)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)特別強(qiang)調致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)治(zhi)實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)“為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)圖治(zhi)，論功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)舉(ju)賢，善民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)以(yi)(yi)論功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，足(zu)食以(yi)(yi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”，“養(yang)(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，必(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)省(sheng)(sheng)官(guan)為(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian)務”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·省(sheng)(sheng)官(guan)》），卻除暴虐于民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害官(guan)，重(zhong)用(yong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廉能(neng)賢才(cai)，“廉者(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)(bi)使(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)儉(jian)以(yi)(yi)豐(feng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)，才(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)(bi)使(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)勤以(yi)(yi)厚(hou)(hou)利(li)。舉(ju)廉舉(ju)才(cai)，必(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)豐(feng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)厚(hou)(hou)利(li)為(wei)(wei)征”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·考功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）只有(you)(you)(you)君主(zhu)官(guan)吏(li)(li)皆去推行(xing)實(shi)施實(shi)治(zhi)實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活才(cai)能(neng)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)。其次，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了(le)(le)因(yin)(yin)其自(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)多種生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)張(zhang)。他(ta)說：“海(hai)內之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)，無(wu)土不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，無(wu)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”，只要(yao)(yao)“因(yin)(yin)其自(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)而(er)(er)無(wu)以(yi)(yi)擾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)才(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)勝用(yong)矣”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)否定了(le)(le)“農(nong)(nong)本(ben)商末(mo)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統觀(guan)念，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了(le)(le)要(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)四海(hai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)真正富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)，就要(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、手工業(ye)(ye)和(he)商業(ye)(ye)等多種生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。他(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，養(yang)(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)首(shou)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于大力發(fa)(fa)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)，還要(yao)(yao)全(quan)面發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)商業(ye)(ye)和(he)手工業(ye)(ye)，“為(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，必(bi)(bi)先(xian)(xian)田、市(shi)(shi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·普(pu)施》）。他(ta)指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)，“山林多材，池沼多魚(yu)，園多果蔬，欄(lan)多羊豕”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·達政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》），農(nong)(nong)林牧漁全(quan)面發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，才(cai)能(neng)實(shi)現民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)。同時，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)大力提(ti)(ti)倡種桑養(yang)(yang)(yang)蠶(can)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紡(fang)織業(ye)(ye)，主(zhu)張(zhang)通(tong)過商品流(liu)通(tong)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活水平。第(di)(di)三，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)改革貸幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，促進(jin)流(liu)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商業(ye)(ye)措施。他(ta)指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)，以(yi)(yi)白銀作為(wei)(wei)貸幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，限制了(le)(le)財(cai)(cai)(cai)貸的(de)(de)(de)(de)交換(huan)，阻礙(ai)了(le)(le)商業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。“夫(fu)財(cai)(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害在(zai)(zai)(zai)聚。銀者(zhe)(zhe)，易(yi)(yi)聚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)也。”要(yao)(yao)促進(jin)商業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁榮發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，實(shi)現民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)，“救今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，當廢銀而(er)(er)用(yong)錢(qian)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·更(geng)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)》）。因(yin)(yin)此，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，用(yong)銅錢(qian)取(qu)代白銀，商品交換(huan)才(cai)能(neng)更(geng)好地(di)得(de)以(yi)(yi)進(jin)行(xing)，并可(ke)消(xiao)除白銀易(yi)(yi)聚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊，發(fa)(fa)揮貸幣(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)通(tong)作用(yong)。
他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)社會政治啟(qi)蒙思想(xiang)，集中反映在(zai)他(ta)(ta)歷30年而(er)成的(de)(de)《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》中。是(shi)書(shu)(shu)原為(wei)(wei)《衡(heng)書(shu)(shu)》13篇，“衡(heng)”表(biao)示“志在(zai)權(quan)衡(heng)天下”之意，后因“連蹇不遇”，只(zhi)得將其潛(qian)(qian)存起來(lai)，遂加以(yi)補充，改名為(wei)(wei)《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》。《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》共(gong)97篇論(lun)文，分為(wei)(wei)上下兩篇。上篇論(lun)學術，重(zhong)在(zai)闡(chan)發“盡性(xing)”與“事功”相(xiang)互統(tong)一的(de)(de)心(xin)性(xing)之學；下篇論(lun)政治，旨在(zai)講求(qiu)實治實功抑尊富民(min)的(de)(de)治世之術。潘耒稱(cheng)其“論(lun)學術則尊孟宗王，貴心(xin)得，賤口耳，痛(tong)排俗學之陋(lou)；論(lun)治道則崇(chong)儉尚(shang)樸，損勢抑威，省大吏，汰冗官，欲君民(min)相(xiang)親如一家，乃可為(wei)(wei)治。”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·潘序》）因此，《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》“上觀天道，下察人事，遠正古跡，近度今宜，根于心(xin)而(er)致之行，如在(zai)其位(wei)而(er)謀其政。”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·潛(qian)(qian)存》）是(shi)書(shu)(shu)不僅(jin)奠定了(le)唐甄在(zai)清(qing)初啟(qi)蒙思潮中的(de)(de)歷史地位(wei)，而(er)且對當(dang)時的(de)(de)儒(ru)學思想(xiang)發展也產生了(le)深遠的(de)(de)影(ying)響。
唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)思(si)(si)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分，是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反思(si)(si)認(ren)(ren)識(shi)(shi)中，提(ti)出了(le)(le)(le)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相互(hu)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)說(shuo)(shuo)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)繼承(cheng)發(fa)(fa)揚了(le)(le)(le)從孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)到王(wang)(wang)守(shou)(shou)仁(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)思(si)(si)想(xiang)，尖銳(rui)批判了(le)(le)(le)程(cheng)(cheng)朱(zhu)理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)末流只(zhi)(zhi)談心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空疏陋(lou)習。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)推(tui)崇孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)，孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)具體(ti)地(di)涵蓋(gai)了(le)(le)(le)“圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理論(lun)，“甄(zhen)(zhen)雖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敏，愿學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)焉。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)存》）同時(shi)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)又認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，自(zi)孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)后，最能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領(ling)悟圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人，當推(tui)陸九(jiu)淵、王(wang)(wang)守(shou)(shou)仁(ren)(ren)二(er)人。孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)、陸九(jiu)淵、王(wang)(wang)守(shou)(shou)仁(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什么能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)執圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樞、得(de)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)這就在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“堯(yao)舜以(yi)(yi)來，傳(chuan)道以(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟(meng)(meng)》），唯(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)得(de)識(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)問之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入們。因(yin)此(ci)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)在(zai)(zai)(zai)繼承(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”和(he)(he)王(wang)(wang)守(shou)(shou)仁(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)思(si)(si)想(xiang)上，又進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步闡發(fa)(fa)了(le)(le)(le)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)理論(lun)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，良(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個東西，綜合(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“道”，“道由心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由外致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·格定》），“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)與(yu)(yu)道際(ji)，心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)與(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)際(ji)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·敬修》）。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)統(tong)(tong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)，備(bei)萬物”，“心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)具天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)，統(tong)(tong)萬物”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·良(liang)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）。性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)智(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，“四德(de)我自(zi)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)，非由外鑠”，以(yi)(yi)仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)智(zhi)以(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)萬物，即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，始(shi)乃(nai)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，“良(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，本(ben)(ben)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)乃(nai)見(jian)，仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)智(zhi)俱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)實功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，實功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“仁(ren)(ren)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)濟天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”，“義(yi)(yi)(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)制天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”，“禮(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)范天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”，“智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)周天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟(meng)(meng)》）。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指出，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)智(zhi)四德(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，以(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)萬物，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)思(si)(si)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)質特征(zheng)，經(jing)世(shi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用、救(jiu)世(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)宗(zong)旨。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“儒(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貴者(zhe)(zhe)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)定亂、除暴、安百姓也(ye)。若(ruo)儒(ru)(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)……但(dan)(dan)取自(zi)完，何以(yi)(yi)異于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)匹(pi)夫匹(pi)婦乎？”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·辨(bian)(bian)儒(ru)(ru)》）因(yin)此(ci)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)既批判了(le)(le)(le)道家(jia)只(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)“養生”和(he)(he)佛(fo)家(jia)但(dan)(dan)求“明(ming)死”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出世(shi)思(si)(si)想(xiang)，又著重(zhong)(zhong)揭斥了(le)(le)(le)程(cheng)(cheng)朱(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)“但(dan)(dan)明(ming)己性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，無救(jiu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)世(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空疏陋(lou)習。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)割裂(lie)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)彼(bi)此(ci)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)，“修非內(nei)也(ye)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)非外也(ye)”，“自(zi)內(nei)外分，仲(zhong)尼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道裂(lie)矣(yi)，民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生矣(yi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·良(liang)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》），“修身(shen)(shen)(shen)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶，取修身(shen)(shen)(shen)割治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)修身(shen)(shen)(shen)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》），不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)修其(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)；只(zhi)(zhi)修其(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)相互(hu)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)彼(bi)此(ci)融合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，裂(lie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)半。故他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，程(cheng)(cheng)朱(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)窮性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原，有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)儒(ru)(ru)家(jia)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，但(dan)(dan)它只(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“精內(nei)而遺外”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·有(you)(you)(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)》），“彼(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，未能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》），有(you)(you)(you)(you)違于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)宗(zong)旨。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們“終日(ri)言(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而卒不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)識(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟(meng)(meng)》），“今于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)內(nei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)精致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)外若(ruo)遺若(ruo)忘……名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，實非治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，即(ji)非盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指出，程(cheng)(cheng)朱(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，舍治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)而求盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，亦(yi)無益(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)社會民生。如何盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)？唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)出了(le)(le)(le)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)合(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“世(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)德(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”，性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)同出一(yi)(yi)(yi)源而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)分，“盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)體(ti)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)自(zi)見(jian)”，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)作用。因(yin)此(ci)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，發(fa)(fa)揮出性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)作用，言(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)必(bi)(bi)(bi)言(yan)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，言(yan)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)必(bi)(bi)(bi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)揮作用。“四德(de)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充；才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充，必(bi)(bi)(bi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)未盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。”唯(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，始(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)，則事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)；事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)，則所(suo)見(jian)多乖(guai)，所(suo)行(xing)多泥”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）。 唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指出，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)依賴(lai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，非圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)，非性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·有(you)(you)(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)》）仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)智(zhi)四德(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)現(xian).在(zai)(zai)(zai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本(ben)(ben)身(shen)(shen)(shen)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)現(xian).在(zai)(zai)(zai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)上，通過(guo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，體(ti)現(xian).在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)萬物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上。故他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“仁(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)道，內(nei)存未見(jian)，外行(xing)乃(nai)見(jian)；心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未見(jian)，物受乃(nai)見(jian)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現(xian)和(he)(he)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，“事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立(li)，又奚貴無用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如委(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)而放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·辨(bian)(bian)儒(ru)(ru)》）因(yin)此(ci)，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)特別(bie)重(zhong)(zhong)視王(wang)(wang)守(shou)(shou)仁(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)合(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)，雖知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)猶無知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，雖致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)猶不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)合(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)，致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)》）知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)合(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)儒(ru)(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)現(xian)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)仁(ren)(ren)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)育天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)；我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)義(yi)(yi)(yi)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裁天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)；我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)禮(li)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)匡天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)；我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)智(zhi)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）唯(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)展示儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)“窮理盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)命”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)己成(cheng)物、內(nei)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)外王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。總之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)對(dui)(dui)近代(dai)社會啟(qi)蒙思(si)(si)潮產生了(le)(le)(le)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。
唐甄在經濟生活方面，原有土地七十畝，可收租四十一石，江南稅重，清朝市井圖要納賦(fu)稅二十石，去(qu)其收入一半，不足維持家(jia)計。遂賣去(qu)土地，以所入款項六十多(duo)兩銀，從(cong)事(shi)商(shang)販，遂得粗安(an)。同時，由(you)于其祖父唐自踩“居官廉，多(duo)惠政，尤振興文教”，父親(qin)唐階泰(tai)，剛毅明達，“當(dang)是時，朋黨附勢相傾”，而“參(can)議(階泰(tai))獨立無所與”，唐甄出(chu)(chu)身于這樣的家(jia)庭環境(jing)的教養下，他的做人，出(chu)(chu)處進退，如(ru)鳳皇芝草，他的為文，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)許多(duo)進步的經(jing)濟(ji)政治(zhi)觀(guan)點和(he)主張，這當(dang)然不是偶然的了(le)。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄重(zhong)視(shi)理財(cai)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本(ben)經(jing)濟觀點，則(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“財(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。寶不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)竊(qie)，命不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)攘。圣(sheng)人以(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子孫，以(yi)(yi)四海為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)府(fu)庫(ku)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)竊(qie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)寶而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)命者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)家(jia)室皆(jie)(jie)盈(ying)，婦子皆(jie)(jie)寧。反(fan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，輸于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)悻臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)，藏于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)巨室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)窟，蠹多則(ze)(ze)樹(shu)槁，癰肥則(ze)(ze)體(ti)敝，此窮富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源，治(zhi)(zhi)亂(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”從(cong)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眼光看(kan)來(lai)，財(cai)必(bi)存之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)。國(guo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)必(bi)先(xian)民(min)(min)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)這(zhe)樣，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)使(shi)(shi)國(guo)民(min)(min)經(jing)濟富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕起來(lai)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)堅決反(fan)對(dui)統治(zhi)(zhi)階級以(yi)(yi)及(ji)豪強(qiang)巨室對(dui)民(min)(min)間財(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)(jin)，喪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)金(jin)(jin)：取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)室，喪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)室。充東門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鬻羊餐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，業(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二世(shi)矣(yi)(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)妻子傭走之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬，食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十馀人。或誣(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)盜(dao)羊，罰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三石粟。上(shang)(shang)(shang)獵其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，下(xia)攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十，盡鬻其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)釜甑(zeng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)未(wei)(wei)(wei)足(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，遂失(shi)業(ye)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)乞于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。此取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)(jin)，喪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)金(jin)(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。潞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)苗氏(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鐵治(zhi)(zhi)，業(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)世(shi)。多致(zhi)四方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賈，椎鑿鼓瀉擔(dan)挽，所(suo)藉(jie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，常百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)馀人。或誣(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主盜(dao)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)獵其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，下(xia)攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)遂廢。向之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藉(jie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)得食(shi)，皆(jie)(jie)流亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)漳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。此取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)室，喪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)室者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)氏(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)山(shan)西長(chang)子縣做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)個小(xiao)官，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)貧(pin)農(nong)小(xiao)商生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)體(ti)會(hui)(hui)較(jiao)深。且小(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，周圍關系(xi)甚(shen)(shen)多，彼此影響很(hen)大。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人受害(hai)，數(shu)家(jia)受累(lei)。指出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良結果，下(xia)面他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)又和不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做了個比較(jiao)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)接(jie)著說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取(qu)反(fan)是(shi)(shi)。隴(long)右牧羊，河(he)(he)北(bei)育豕，淮南(nan)飼鶩，湖濱繅絲，吳鄉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)，編蓑織席(xi)，皆(jie)(jie)至(zhi)微之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)日息歲(sui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)勝算。此皆(jie)(jie)操一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)致(zhi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。里有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)千金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)，嫁女娶婦，死(si)喪生(sheng)(sheng)慶，疾病(bing)醫禱，燕飲裔愧，魚(yu)肉果蔬(shu)椒桂(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，與之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)市(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)眾(zhong)矣(yi)(yi)。緡錢緇銀，市(shi)販貸(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，石麥斛米，佃(dian)農(nong)貸(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，匹(pi)布尺(chi)帛，鄰里黨(dang)(dang)戚(qi)貸(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；所(suo)賴(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)眾(zhong)矣(yi)(yi)。此藉(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)室養者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。海內之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)土不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)；歲(sui)月不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)計而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自(zi)足(zu)(zu)，貧(pin)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀(mou)(mou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)相資。是(shi)(shi)故圣(sheng)人無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)財(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術。因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)自(zi)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)擾(rao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)財(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)勝用矣(yi)(yi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄這(zhe)種(zhong)“歲(sui)月不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)計而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自(zi)足(zu)(zu)，貧(pin)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀(mou)(mou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)相資”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提法(fa)(fa)，是(shi)(shi)十分(fen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)見解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。今(jin).日有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個千金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)，明.日就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)數(shu)個千金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)，后.日就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)個千金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)，這(zhe)種(zhong)從(cong)聯(lian)系(xi)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點看(kan)問題(ti)，是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)進步(bu)意(yi)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)以(yi)(yi)植(zhi)柳(liu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)例，主張植(zhi)柳(liu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)折枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)接(jie)著說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“今(jin)夫柳(liu)，天(tian)(tian)下(xia)易生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；折尺(chi)寸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過三年而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)樹(shu)。歲(sui)剪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)筐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)。以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)防河(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)掃(sao)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)勝用也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用”，皆(jie)(jie)自(zi)尺(chi)寸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)始(shi)植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)童子者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)拔而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)棄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。安(an)望歲(sui)剪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)利(li)用哉！其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用，皆(jie)(jie)自(zi)尺(chi)寸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擾(rao)民(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，植(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，拔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，絕其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。那末，虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，究竟是(shi)(shi)誰(shui)呢?依(yi)(yi)照(zhao)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思，是(shi)(shi)些(xie)(xie)貪(tan)(tan)官污吏(li)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)比盜(dao)賊(穴墻而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))，暴徒(群(qun)刃(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))、道(dao)(dao)(dao)劃(御旅(lv)(lv)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))、伙寇(寇至(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)誅(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))都要(yao)兇(xiong)狠得多。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)是(shi)(shi)：既亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，復(fu)取(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)亡(wang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)取(qu)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)填壑(he)谷(gu)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)自(zi)問自(zi)答地說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大害(hai)莫如(ru)(ru)(ru)貪(tan)(tan)，蓋十百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)賦焉。穴墻而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)盡人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密藏。群(qun)刃(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)奪人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)宅(zhai)，御旅(lv)(lv)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)破人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)室，寇至(zhi)誅(zhu)焚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)窮山(shan)谷(gu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)偏四海。彼為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，星列(lie)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)，日夜獵人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)。所(suo)獲(huo)既多，則(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)陵己者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)負篋而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)去。既亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，復(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)亡(wang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)取(qu)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)填壑(he)谷(gu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)滿也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。寇不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡世(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)貪(tan)(tan)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)逃于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。”問題(ti)值得深思的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)：由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)使(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)非顛倒(dao)，黑白不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)，這(zhe)種(zhong)壞風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)，腐蝕人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想很(hen)深，千萬(wan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)低(di)估(gu)。那些(xie)(xie)貪(tan)(tan)官，反(fan)被(bei)(bei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)視(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“能(neng)(neng)(neng)吏(li)”。“市(shi)人慕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鄉黨(dang)(dang)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教(jiao)子弟(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)勸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。反(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，那些(xie)(xie)廉吏(li)，反(fan)被(bei)(bei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)視(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)”。“市(shi)人賤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鄉黨(dang)(dang)笑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教(jiao)子弟(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)戒(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄十分(fen)感慨地說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“蓋貪(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錮人心也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)甚(shen)(shen)矣(yi)(yi)！”那么(me)，到(dao)底如(ru)(ru)(ru)何治(zhi)(zhi)貧(pin)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)何改變這(zhe)種(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)呢？依(yi)(yi)照(zhao)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思，必(bi)須由(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)地來(lai)改變這(zhe)種(zhong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)。“人君(jun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)儉，則(ze)(ze)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)官化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，庶民(min)(min)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)如(ru)(ru)(ru)孟子所(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)好之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)下(xia)必(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)甚(shen)(shen)焉者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)矣(yi)(yi)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)用教(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)來(lai)移(yi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)易俗。當然(ran)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄這(zhe)種(zhong)想法(fa)(fa)基本(ben)上(shang)(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但是(shi)(shi)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理解(jie)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)封建社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)中，使(shi)(shi)統治(zhi)(zhi)階級及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)追隨者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)們(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)剝(bo)削人民(min)(min)這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)根本(ben)辦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)自(zi)己所(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階級所(suo)決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依(yi)(yi)人們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)志為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。退一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，即使(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)做到(dao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)行(xing)下(xia)效，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)階級社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)中，小(xiao)商品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)本(ben)身(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)兩極分(fen)化。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄所(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，重(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)未(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)民(min)(min)貧(pin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“立(li)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，惟在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。自(zi)古未(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)貧(pin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。夫富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)編戶(hu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)府(fu)庫(ku)。若(ruo)編戶(hu)空虛，雖府(fu)庫(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)積如(ru)(ru)(ru)丘山(shan)，實為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貧(pin)國(guo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)矣(yi)(yi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新興(xing)市(shi)民(min)(min)意(yi)識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟蒙思想家(jia)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)看(kan)到(dao)財(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)積累(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)，但他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)資料為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)誰(shui)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，認(ren)識是(shi)(shi)極模(mo)糊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)甚(shen)(shen)至(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“千金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)惠戚(qi)友(you)，五倍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)惠鄰里，十倍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)惠鄉黨(dang)(dang)，百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)倍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)惠國(guo)邑；天(tian)(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)惠天(tian)(tian)下(xia)。”他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，必(bi)先(xian)田(tian)市(shi)。”只(zhi)要(yao)“農(nong)安(an)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)田(tian)，賈安(an)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)市(shi)”則(ze)(ze)“財(cai)用足(zu)(zu)”。否(fou)則(ze)(ze)“農(nong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)田(tian)，賈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)市(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)必(bi)貧(pin)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，雖有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時代(dai)局限性(xing)，但看(kan)法(fa)(fa)閎肆峭(qiao)勁，盲人所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢言，自(zi)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)，當之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)愧。
唐(tang)甄重(zhong)(zhong)視農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，重(zhong)(zhong)視物質(zhi)經(jing)(jing)濟生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活，除谷物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)外，在農(nong)(nong)，林(lin)，牧(mu)、副(fu)，漁中，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)尤重(zhong)(zhong)視養蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)業。這(zhe)和(he)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)曾任長子縣知縣以(yi)(yi)及(ji)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)重(zhong)(zhong)視事物的(de)(de)(de)(de)哲學(xue)觀是(shi)分不(bu)(bu)(bu)開的(de)(de)(de)(de)。《教蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)》云：“吳絲衣天下(xia)，聚于(yu)(yu)(yu)雙林(lin)，吳越閩(min)番(fan)至于(yu)(yu)(yu)海島(dao)，皆(jie)來市焉。五(wu)月，載銀而至，委積如瓦礫。吳南(nan)諸鄉。歲有百十萬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)益。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)雖賦重(zhong)(zhong)困窮(qiong)，民未至于(yu)(yu)(yu)空虛(xu)，室廬舟楫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繁庶，勝于(yu)(yu)(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)所(suo)。此蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚(hou)(hou)也(ye)。四(si)月務蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)，無(wu)男(nan)女老幼，蘋力靡他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)。無(wu)稅無(wu)荒(huang)，以(yi)(yi)三旬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)。無(wu)農(nong)(nong)四(si)時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久，而半其(qi)利(li)(li)。此蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)貴也(ye)。”可(ke)見他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)十分重(zhong)(zhong)視蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認為，養蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)“以(yi)(yi)三旬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)，無(wu)農(nong)(nong)時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久，而半其(qi)利(li)(li)。”也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)說，只花費三十天的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動，就(jiu)可(ke)獲得(de)(de)(de)半于(yu)(yu)(yu)耕種(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)。因(yin)(yin)此，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)主張，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)廢海內無(wu)窮(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)，使(shi)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)接著說：“三代以(yi)(yi)下(xia)，廢海內無(wu)窮(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)，使(shi)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，乃患民貪，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)財無(wu)術(shu)。是(shi)猶家(jia)有寶藏而不(bu)(bu)(bu)知發(fa)，而汲汲臘腌果蔬(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)鬻也(ye)。盍亦(yi)(yi)謀諸此與(yu)！吾欲使(shi)桑(sang)偏海內，有禾(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土必有桑(sang)焉！然(ran)(ran)亦(yi)(yi)非易也(ye)！”其(qi)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)就(jiu)是(shi)“安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久者(zhe)(zhe)難創，習之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慣者(zhe)(zhe)難作。約(yue)法而民不(bu)(bu)(bu)信，施教而民不(bu)(bu)(bu)從，則(ze)樹(shu)殖(zhi)亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)就(jiu)。”欲達(da)到家(jia)家(jia)有桑(sang)可(ke)種(zhong)，則(ze)必須(xu)除政府帶頭提倡(chang)外，要獎(jiang)勤(qin)(qin)罰(fa)懶。對人民群眾獎(jiang)懲的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)依據領導的(de)(de)(de)(de)好惡，而是(shi)取決生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞(huai)。勤(qin)(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)多，則(ze)獎(jiang)勵；惰(duo)者(zhe)(zhe)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)少，則(ze)懲罰(fa)。賞罰(fa)嚴明，自(zi)然(ran)(ran)會促進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高，副(fu)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，對國民經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)促進有直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。要做到這(zhe)些，首(shou)先(xian)要人盡(jin)其(qi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)，地盡(jin)其(qi)利(li)(li)。然(ran)(ran)后才能談(tan)到推廣(guang)合理密植。改進蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)繅絲等。在江南(nan)一帶，大都為桑(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)場，不(bu)(bu)(bu)象(xiang)山東，河(he)南(nan)，還有很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)柞蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)場及(ji)蓖麻蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)場。這(zhe)就(jiu)要因(yin)(yin)地制宜。唐(tang)甄是(shi)一個重(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)思想(xiang)家(jia)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)十分重(zhong)(zhong)視勤(qin)(qin)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)致富。唐(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)思想(xiang)，和(he)清代其(qi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)人比較(jiao)起來，思想(xiang)還是(shi)比較(jiao)解放的(de)(de)(de)(de)。其(qi)言經(jing)(jing)濟則(ze)注重(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，棉桑(sang)樹(shu)牧(mu)富民為先(xian)，返(fan)樸崇(chong)儉(jian)，無(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)有益于(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)(jing)國濟世。誠如張廷樞所(suo)說：“其(qi)文馳騁反復，如列子御風(feng)，翩然(ran)(ran)騫舉，又如淮陰將兵(bing)，多多益善。本其(qi)自(zi)得(de)(de)(de)于(yu)(yu)(yu)心者(zhe)(zhe)，暢所(suo)欲言，無(wu)艱難勞(lao)(lao)(lao)苦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)態，而與(yu)道(dao)大適。”實乃公允之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)重視商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)。他(ta)(ta)反對(dui)過(guo)去傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抑商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策。在唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)氏看(kan)來(lai)，商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位(wei)，并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)比農(nong)(nong)(nong)民低(di)些(xie)(xie)。他(ta)(ta)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)就(jiu)經(jing)營商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)。而(er)且并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)卑。下(xia)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)在現身說(shuo)(shuo)法：“有(you)(you)言經(jing)可(ke)(ke)賈(jia)者。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)賤鬻(yu)其田，得六十(shi)余(yu)金，使(shi)衷(zhong)及原(yuan)販于(yu)(yu)(yu)震澤，賣于(yu)(yu)(yu)吳(wu)市(shi)，有(you)(you)少利(li)焉(yan)(yan)。己(ji)(ji)而(er)經(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得失不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)常，乃遷于(yu)(yu)(yu)城東(dong)，虛(xu)其堂，己(ji)(ji)居于(yu)(yu)(yu)內不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)，使(shi)衷(zhong)原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)矛，主經(jing)客，有(you)(you)少利(li)焉(yan)(yan)。在唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)看(kan)來(lai)，經(jing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牙，亦救(jiu)死(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術，沒有(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)體面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)，至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)般社會上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陳(chen)舊(jiu)看(kan)法，說(shuo)(shuo)什(shen)么(me)“民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)道，土為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貴，農(nong)(nong)(nong)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，惟賈(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)。賈(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)者，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)利(li)也。是(shi)(shi)故君子(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言貨(huo)(huo)幣，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)問贏絀。一(yi)涉于(yu)(yu)(yu)此，謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賈(jia)風(feng)，必(bi)深恥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”又說(shuo)(shuo)什(shen)么(me)“夫賈(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)，牙為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尤下(xia)，”這(zhe)(zhe)種賤視商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)也是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。既然呂尚可(ke)(ke)以(yi)賣飯于(yu)(yu)(yu)盂津，那么(me)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牙于(yu)(yu)(yu)吳(wu)市(shi)，又有(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)呢(ni)?“其義一(yi)也”。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)每(mei)以(yi)田市(shi)并(bing)列(lie)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)賈(jia)并(bing)稱。他(ta)(ta)在《達政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》中(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)：“養民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，十(shi)有(you)(you)八焉(yan)(yan)：勸(quan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)豐谷，土田不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)荒(huang)蕪，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)。……居貨(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)棄商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)賈(jia)如歸，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)……學校(xiao)殿(dian)廡(wu)常新，春秋享祀必(bi)敬，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)。……”這(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)反映唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)看(kan)法是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)他(ta)(ta)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)把“居貨(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺，商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)賈(jia)如歸”列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)又在《太(tai)子(zi)(zi)》篇內這(zhe)(zhe)樣說(shuo)(shuo)，“凡教(jiao)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)，觀于(yu)(yu)(yu)桑，則知衣服所自(zi)出(chu)(chu)，觀于(yu)(yu)(yu)肆，則知器用所自(zi)出(chu)(chu)。凡教(jiao)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)，過(guo)市(shi)，則見販鬻(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞，在途，則見負擔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞。……”如果他(ta)(ta)輕視工商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)者，又怎(zen)樣會這(zhe)(zhe)樣說(shuo)(shuo)呢(ni)?他(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)肯定了商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)有(you)(you)“販鬻(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)觀點是(shi)(shi)在十(shi)七世(shi)紀上(shang)半期形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)個時(shi)(shi)期，正是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國社會劇烈變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代。這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)本主義萌芽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最初形(xing)態(tai)，已(yi)稀疏地出(chu)(chu)現.在東(dong)南沿海一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)個別城市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)工業(ye)生(sheng)產部門中(zhong)，然后(hou)緩(huan)慢地通過(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)樣或那樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式滲透農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)部門中(zhong)。在歐洲，人(ren)們見到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)‘資(zi)(zi)本主義生(sheng)產方(fang)式開始于(yu)(yu)(yu)手(shou)工業(ye)，只是(shi)(shi)到(dao)后(hou)來(lai)才使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)從(cong)屑于(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)。”這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)情(qing)況(kuang)，中(zhong)國亦毫無例外。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)正處在這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)期，因(yin)此他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)思想就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)打著時(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烙印(yin)。
唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)觀(guan)(guan)，充分表露在(zai)(zai)他所(suo)(suo)(suo)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《更(geng)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)》、《存言(yan)》等(deng)篇中(zhong)(zhong)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)弄清清朝貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)經濟思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)龍去(qu)脈(mo)，有必要把他所(suo)(suo)(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代(dai)背景作(zuo)一(yi)簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回顧(gu)。清朝入(ru)關后(hou)(hou)，給東南沿(yan)海一(yi)帶人(ren)(ren)民(min)帶來(lai)了(le)(le)極其沉(chen)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)災(zai)難。這(zhe)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)廣(guang)大(da)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反抗(kang)斗爭，而(er)(er)(er)且持續達數十(shi)年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久。江南人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反剃發斗爭，閩(min)廣(guang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反遷海斗爭，引(yin)起(qi)(qi)巨烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)動亂，貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)貶(bian)值，物(wu)(wu)價(jia)(jia)高漲，民(min)風日(ri)玩，尊稱漸(jian)褻(xie)。特(te)別是(shi)(shi)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)群(qun)(qun)眾日(ri)常生活有血肉相(xiang)連的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)價(jia)(jia)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)與(yu)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廣(guang)大(da)群(qun)(qun)眾最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)關心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)主張(zhang)用(yong)(yong)錢(qian)而(er)(er)(er)廢(fei)(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。他說(shuo)：“古者言(yan)富，唯(wei)在(zai)(zai)五(wu)(wu)谷(gu)；至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)市易(yi)(yi)(yi)，則(ze)(ze)有龜(gui)、貝(bei)、金(jin)錢(qian)、刀布(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。其后(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)三品(pin)，亦(yi)重在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)。后(hou)(hou)乃專以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)，而(er)(er)(er)珠(zhu)、玉、龜(gui)、貝(bei)、銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、錫(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬，但(dan)(dan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)器用(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。自(zi)明(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)，乃專以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)今，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)日(ri)益少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充世用(yong)(yong)。有千金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產者常旬月(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見銖(zhu)兩；谷(gu)賤不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)飯(fan)，肉贖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)食(shi)，布(bu)(bu)帛(bo)賤不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)衣(yi)，鬻谷(gu)肉布(bu)(bu)帛(bo)者亦(yi)卒不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)衣(yi)食(shi)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)故也。”銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)，則(ze)(ze)價(jia)(jia)昂；價(jia)(jia)昂，則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)，則(ze)(ze)百(bai)(bai)(bai)貨(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)，百(bai)(bai)(bai)貨(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)，則(ze)(ze)良(liang)賈失(shi)業?良(liang)賈失(shi)業，則(ze)(ze)市場蕭條。最終是(shi)(shi)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)經濟恐慌和(he)惡性循(xun)環(huan)。他說(shuo)：“當今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，無人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)窮，非(fei)窮于(yu)(yu)(yu)財(cai)，窮于(yu)(yu)(yu)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)楓橋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市，粟(su)(su)麥(mai)壅積，南濠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市。百(bai)(bai)(bai)貨(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)；良(liang)賈失(shi)業，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)旋歸。萬金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)五(wu)(wu)七年而(er)(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宴人(ren)(ren)者，子(zi)既數見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。”其實(shi)，這(zhe)個問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，許多(duo)啟蒙(meng)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)家和(he)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)觀(guan)(guan)點是(shi)(shi)一(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。顧(gu)炎武就這(zhe)樣說(shuo)過：“唐(tang)(tang)宋以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)，上(shang)(shang)下通(tong)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貨(huo)(huo)，一(yi)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)而(er)(er)(er)已，未嘗用(yong)(yong)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。”顧(gu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)主張(zhang)，實(shi)與(yu)唐(tang)(tang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)同。此(ci)外(wai)(wai)顧(gu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)尚有《明(ming)錢(qian)法(fa)論》、《以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)賦》等(deng)，皆(jie)(jie)主行(xing)錢(qian)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什么唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)反對(dui)用(yong)(yong)白銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)呢?根據唐(tang)(tang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看(kan)法(fa)，其理由有三：一(yi)，白銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)缺(que)少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠周轉。正如(ru)上(shang)(shang)文所(suo)(suo)(suo)言(yan)，“至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)今，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)日(ri)益少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充世用(yong)(yong)，”如(ru)此(ci)等(deng)等(deng)。二，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)易(yi)(yi)(yi)窖藏，民(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)。“夫財(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)者，易(yi)(yi)(yi)聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)也，范為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圜(yuan)定，旋絲(si)白燦，人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)貪愛。……蓋(gai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)聚(ju)，如(ru)水(shui)歸壑。”三、銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)錫(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)只可為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)器用(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。此(ci)與(yu)顧(gu)炎武所(suo)(suo)(suo)言(yan)同。依照唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)觀(guan)(guan)點，應(ying)當廢(fei)(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)錢(qian)。“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谷(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)輔(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)其市易(yi)(yi)(yi)也。”他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)獨行(xing)錢(qian)，還(huan)要大(da)量(liang)鑄制(zhi)，大(da)量(liang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，他對(dui)市場上(shang)(shang)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)收縮，十(shi)分不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滿。他說(shuo)：“今雖用(yong)(yong)錢(qian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)魚肉果蔬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，米石以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，布(bu)(bu)帛(bo)匹以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，則(ze)(ze)必以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，涓涓細流，奚補(bu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)世?!錢(qian)者，泉也，必如(ru)江河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流而(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)可博濟也。”但(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)，就唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)觀(guan)(guan)來(lai)看(kan)，他本身也是(shi)(shi)矛(mao)盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他主張(zhang)廢(fei)(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)錢(qian)。這(zhe)和(he)西歐重商(shang)主義者重視金(jin)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)成鮮(xian)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)比。但(dan)(dan)他又希望市場上(shang)(shang)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)籌碼要多(duo)些，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要死氣沉(chen)沉(chen)。既要金(jin)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)充斥，也要緡(min)錢(qian)增多(duo)。這(zhe)就使(shi)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)困(kun)惑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)。如(ru)果我(wo)們深入(ru)探刻(ke)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)難發現(xian)，他除主張(zhang)廢(fei)(fei)除白銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)，還(huan)主張(zhang)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)工錢(qian)和(he)實(shi)物(wu)(wu)工錢(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)并用(yong)(yong)。“凡祿九個石以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下，皆(jie)(jie)令(ling)受粟(su)(su)。度宮朝官軍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)，皆(jie)(jie)令(ling)輸(shu)(shu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)粟(su)(su)而(er)(er)(er)給之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其在(zai)(zai)州郡(jun)縣(xian)，常賦皆(jie)(jie)令(ling)輸(shu)(shu)。凡祿三千石以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下，皆(jie)(jie)令(ling)受粟(su)(su)。度城郭兵(bing)役(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)，皆(jie)(jie)今輸(shu)(shu)緡(min)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)附錄而(er)(er)(er)給之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其在(zai)(zai)邊防、內屯、將祿、卒食(shi)、皆(jie)(jie)令(ling)受粟(su)(su)。度甲胄衣(yi)履(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)，皆(jie)(jie)令(ling)運緡(min)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)附栗而(er)(er)(er)給之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)廢(fei)(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)錢(qian)，沒有考慮到(dao)(dao)（1）“錢(qian)重難行(xing)，民(min)商(shang)必病(bing)。”(2)“銅不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可采，又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)市。”(3)“民(min)欲難拂(fu)，俗尚難移。”同時，處于(yu)(yu)(yu)封(feng)建晚(wan)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)清之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際，貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)地租正在(zai)(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)破竹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢向(xiang)前(qian)發展，而(er)(er)(er)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)卻強(qiang)調“實(shi)物(wu)(wu)地租”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)借尸還(huan)魂(hun)，這(zhe)就很難使(shi)人(ren)(ren)理解(jie)了(le)(le)。當然，在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個清代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史長河中(zhong)(zhong)，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)種(zhong)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)思(si)(si)(si)潮也并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)孤立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)批判思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及他所(suo)(suo)(suo)蘊育出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)近代(dai)民(min)主思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些清代(dai)學(xue)者都起(qi)(qi)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。
《潛(qian)書(shu)》（1705）是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)唐甄(zhen)遺世(shi)的(de)(de)(de)唯一著作(zuo)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)他最(zui)重要的(de)(de)(de)著作(zuo)。起初(chu)名(ming)叫《衡(heng)書(shu)》，初(chu)刻(ke)(ke)只有(you)(you)13篇(pian)(pian)，署名(ming)唐大(da)陶。后來逐漸增加到97篇(pian)(pian)，并改名(ming)《潛(qian)書(shu)》，署名(ming)唐甄(zhen)。唐甄(zhen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)《潛(qian)存(cun)》篇(pian)(pian)中說，他撰述(shu)此(ci)書(shu)“歷三(san)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)，累而(er)(er)(er)存(cun)之，分(fen)(fen)為上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)。言(yan)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)系(xi)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)，凡(fan)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)；言(yan)治者(zhe)系(xi)于(yu)(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)，號日《潛(qian)書(shu)》。上(shang)(shang)(shang)觀(guan)(guan)天(tian)道(dao)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)察人(ren)事，遠(yuan)正古跡，近度今宜(yi)，根于(yu)(yu)心(xin)而(er)(er)(er)致之行(xing)，如(ru)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)位(wei)而(er)(er)(er)謀其(qi)政(zheng)”。據有(you)(you)關資料考(kao)證，《潛(qian)書(shu)》的(de)(de)(de)刊(kan)刻(ke)(ke)時間是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清康熙四十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(1705)，由(you)唐甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)女婿王(wang)聞遠(yuan)刊(kan)刻(ke)(ke)行(xing)于(yu)(yu)世(shi)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)刻(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)。此(ci)后有(you)(you)1883年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)李氏刻(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)和(he)1905年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)鄧(deng)氏刻(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)，均是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原(yuan)刻(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)翻(fan)版(ban)。新刻(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)有(you)(you)中華書(shu)局出(chu)(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)1955年(nian)(nian)版(ban)本(ben)(ben)，1963年(nian)(nian)又出(chu)(chu)版(ban)了增訂(ding)本(ben)(ben)，1984年(nian)(nian)又第4次印刷。《潛(qian)書(shu)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)唐甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)論文(wen)集，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)體例上(shang)(shang)(shang)模仿漢(han)代(dai)王(wang)充的(de)(de)(de)《論衡(heng)》。全書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)內容不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)引(yin)經注典，更(geng)不(bu)(bu)同于(yu)(yu)漢(han)后諸(zhu)儒(ru)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)字章句之學(xue)(xue)，而(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)針對時弊，吸取明末政(zheng)治腐敗(bai)導(dao)致農(nong)民起義的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)訓，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)一系(xi)列抨(peng)擊君權(quan)專制和(he)倡導(dao)以民為本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)進步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)教(jiao)觀(guan)(guan)點和(he)主張，旨在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)善(shan)政(zheng)養民，摒棄程朱理學(xue)(xue)，以實學(xue)(xue)濟世(shi)扶危，治國平天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。《潛(qian)書(shu)》97篇(pian)(pian)，分(fen)(fen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)又分(fen)(fen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)兩部(bu)分(fen)(fen)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)共21篇(pian)(pian)，自“辨儒(ru)”至“勸學(xue)(xue)”；上(shang)(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)共29篇(pian)(pian)，自“取善(shan)”至“博觀(guan)(guan)”。下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)亦分(fen)(fen)為上(shang)(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)兩部(bu)分(fen)(fen)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)自“尚治”至“柅政(zheng)”共24篇(pian)(pian)；下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)自“惰(duo)貧”至“潛(qian)存(cun)”共23篇(pian)(pian)。全書(shu)主要是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)論文(wen)，一部(bu)分(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)育著作(zuo)。論述(shu)教(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)：辨儒(ru)、宗孟、法(fa)王(wang)、知行(xing)、性才、自明、敬修、講學(xue)(xue)、勸學(xue)(xue)、取善(shan)、五(wu)經、得(de)師(shi)、太子、明悌、誨子、博觀(guan)(guan)、用賢、教(jiao)蠶、全學(xue)(xue)、審(shen)知等諸(zhu)篇(pian)(pian)。
《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)》上述諸教育(yu)篇所(suo)闡述的(de)教育(yu)主(zhu)張，是以其反對君權(quan)專制政治和(he)宋(song)明(ming)(ming)理學(xue)空(kong)談(tan)心性學(xue)風為基(ji)礎的(de)，表現出(chu)鮮明(ming)(ming)的(de)民主(zhu)政治傾向和(he)崇(chong)尚尊(zun)重(zhong)個性與(yu)實學(xue)學(xue)風的(de)價(jia)值取向。《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)》教育(yu)篇章中，論(lun)述的(de)教育(yu)主(zhu)張主(zhu)要有如(ru)下幾個方面：
重釋儒教
其一，以“盡(jin)性達才”、“明(ming)功辨(bian)義”的(de)觀點重新(xin)解釋儒家(jia)教育的(de)目的(de)與作(zuo)用。
在《辨(bian)儒(ru)》篇中，唐(tang)甄指(zhi)出：“圣賢(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，因時而(er)變(bian)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)救其(qi)(qi)失(shi)(shi)也(ye)”。儒(ru)家(jia)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)說是(shi)以(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)道計(ji)功(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)有(you)(you)用于(yu)世(shi)治的(de)，“儒(ru)者不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)”的(de)觀點是(shi)對(dui)儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)歪(wai)曲(qu)。“儒(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)貴者，能(neng)定亂、除(chu)暴、安百姓(xing)也(ye)”，如果事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成，功(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立，儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)及其(qi)(qi)教(jiao)育又(you)有(you)(you)什么用呢？他(ta)(ta)批評宋代以(yi)(yi)來的(de)所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)，空(kong)事(shi)圣人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，而(er)“樹功(gong)(gong)(gong)則無(wu)(wu)(wu)聞(wen)焉”。什么叫做功(gong)(gong)(gong)呢？唐(tang)甄以(yi)(yi)為(wei)兵、農、刑、谷利于(yu)百姓(xing)，能(neng)治亂安邦，能(neng)使百姓(xing)安居(ju)樂，能(neng)“廣濟天下”，即(ji)(ji)是(shi)實功(gong)(gong)(gong)。針對(dui)宋明(ming)(ming)(ming)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)只(zhi)講修心養(yang)性，以(yi)(yi)致“端居(ju)恭(gong)默”、“無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)施(shi)張(zhang)”、空(kong)知(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)的(de)流弊，指(zhi)出光(guang)知(zhi)“性德”而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)“性才(cai)”是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)真諦的(de)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂“性才(cai)”就是(shi)通過“良知(zhi)”的(de)“自(zi)修”，由(you)道德本體之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“心”所(suo)(suo)(suo)煥發(fa)并(bing)作用于(yu)客觀事(shi)物的(de)才(cai)能(neng)。“如火有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)有(you)(you)光(guang)”。光(guang)的(de)大小和明(ming)(ming)(ming)暗不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，人(ren)(ren)的(de)“性才(cai)”亦(yi)有(you)(you)大小，但(dan)作為(wei)教(jiao)育來講，唯在“盡(jin)性達(da)(da)才(cai)”。他(ta)(ta)認為(wei)：“性統天地，備萬(wan)物。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)相天地，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)育萬(wan)物，于(yu)彼有(you)(you)闕，即(ji)(ji)己有(you)(you)闕”。“性之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)才(cai)，故無(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周(zhou)。何以(yi)(yi)圣人(ren)(ren)乃能(neng)周(zhou)世(shi)，后儒(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)周(zhou)身？蓋善修則周(zhou)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)善修則不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周(zhou)”。宋明(ming)(ming)(ming)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)只(zhi)講“盡(jin)性”而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)“盡(jin)才(cai)”，故無(wu)(wu)(wu)實功(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)樹。他(ta)(ta)說：“后世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)者，心不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)，則事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)(da)；事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)(da)，則所(suo)(suo)(suo)見多乖(guai)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)行(xing)多泥。徒(tu)抱(bao)空(kong)性，終于(yu)自(zi)廢(fei)，何以(yi)(yi)性為(wei)!”在理(li)論(lun)上批評宋明(ming)(ming)(ming)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)心性修養(yang)論(lun)是(shi)一(yi)種未能(neng)“盡(jin)性達(da)(da)才(cai)”的(de)錯誤教(jiao)育理(li)論(lun)，并(bing)指(zhi)出這(zhe)種教(jiao)育實踐是(shi)棄“仁(ren)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)。相反，陽明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)“致良知(zhi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)，“一(yi)以(yi)(yi)貫(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)如日月(yue)，涉險(xian)履危(wei)，四通八辟而(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)礙也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)見于(yu)行(xing)事(shi)者，使人(ren)(ren)各(ge)當其(qi)(qi)才(cai)，慮事(shi)各(ge)得(de)其(qi)(qi)宜；處(chu)患難而(er)能(neng)全其(qi)(qi)用，遇小人(ren)(ren)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)正，委蛇自(zi)遂，卒保其(qi)(qi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)”，是(shi)“盡(jin)性達(da)(da)才(cai)”“明(ming)(ming)(ming)功(gong)(gong)(gong)辨(bian)義”的(de)真儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)。唐(tang)甄主張(zhang)廢(fei)宋明(ming)(ming)(ming)程(cheng)朱理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)，代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)陽明(ming)(ming)(ming)致良知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)，這(zhe)一(yi)主張(zhang)是(shi)對(dui)明(ming)(ming)(ming)末清初所(suo)(suo)(suo)奉行(xing)的(de)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)獨尊文(wen)教(jiao)政(zheng)(zheng)策的(de)一(yi)個挑戰，反映了他(ta)(ta)對(dui)儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)及其(qi)(qi)教(jiao)育價值觀的(de)改造。
教育目標
其(qi)二，提出“全學(xue)(xue)”教育內容，把(ba)傳統學(xue)(xue)校教學(xue)(xue)內容由單(dan)純的書本(ben)知識擴大到(dao)現實生活與(yu)生產以及軍事知識技能范(fan)圍，以培養“全學(xue)(xue)人(ren)”為教育目標(biao)。
在(zai)《全(quan)學(xue)(xue)》篇，唐甄指(zhi)出：“學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)善獨身，居平世，仁(ren)義足矣，而(er)非(fei)全(quan)學(xue)(xue)也”。所謂“全(quan)學(xue)(xue)”，即包括仁(ren)、義、兵三方面(mian)的內(nei)(nei)容(rong)。仁(ren)與(yu)義是(shi)歷(li)來(lai)儒(ru)(ru)家(jia)(jia)特別是(shi)宋明(ming)理學(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)所提倡的，但(dan)兵則(ze)為儒(ru)(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)齒(chi)。唐甄說(shuo)(shuo)：“君(jun)子之(zhi)為學(xue)(xue)也，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)兵”。“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)兵，則(ze)仁(ren)義無(wu)用，而(er)國(guo)因(yin)以(yi)(yi)亡矣”。他(ta)(ta)批評(ping)宋明(ming)理學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)只講仁(ren)義而(er)恥于(yu)言兵，結果忠(zhong)臣孝子雖多，但(dan)一(yi)遇社稷不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)幸，“君(jun)臣震懾”，為“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仁(ren)”、“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)義”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)虜(lu)，國(guo)破家(jia)(jia)亡。由此，他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“所貴乎儒(ru)(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，伐暴而(er)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)暴除，誅亂而(er)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)亂定(ding)，養民(min)(min)(min)而(er)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)安”。在(zai)《教(jiao)(jiao)蠶》篇中，唐甄認為三代以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)，官吏不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)田(tian)桑，“廢海內(nei)(nei)無(wu)窮(qiong)之(zhi)利，使民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得厚其生(sheng)，乃患民(min)(min)(min)貧，生(sheng)財(cai)無(wu)術”。有(you)鑒(jian)如此，他(ta)(ta)主張廣教(jiao)(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)學(xue)(xue)習種桑養蠶以(yi)(yi)及(ji)飼繅之(zhi)法，使“有(you)禾之(zhi)土(tu)必(bi)有(you)桑焉”。在(zai)《勸(quan)學(xue)(xue)》篇中，他(ta)(ta)批評(ping)后世儒(ru)(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，將儒(ru)(ru)家(jia)(jia)學(xue)(xue)說(shuo)(shuo)裂為文學(xue)(xue)、事功、道(dao)學(xue)(xue)殊途(tu)，“習為迂闊無(wu)用于(yu)世，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)有(you)薄而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為”，喪失(shi)了(le)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)及(ji)其為學(xue)(xue)的根本。他(ta)(ta)反復強調學(xue)(xue)以(yi)(yi)致用，應(ying)當(dang)把教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)擴大(da)到現(xian)實政治(zhi)、生(sheng)產與(yu)生(sheng)活中來(lai)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要囿(you)于(yu)心(xin)性道(dao)德一(yi)途(tu)。他(ta)(ta)尖銳指(zhi)出：“國(guo)家(jia)(jia)五十年(nian)來(lai)，為政者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)一(yi)人以(yi)(yi)富(fu)民(min)(min)(min)為事，上(shang)言者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)一(yi)人以(yi)(yi)富(fu)民(min)(min)(min)為言”，是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)“立國(guo)之(zhi)道(dao)”“惟(wei)在(zai)于(yu)富(fu)”，以(yi)(yi)致“四海之(zhi)內(nei)(nei)，日益貧窮(qiong)，農空、工空、市空、仕空”。因(yin)此他(ta)(ta)主張以(yi)(yi)“生(sheng)養之(zhi)道(dao)”作為教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)，移風易俗，使國(guo)與(yu)家(jia)(jia)富(fu)強。
其三，提出尊師(shi)重傅以加強(qiang)皇太子教育的主張。
在(zai)《得師》篇中(zhong)，唐(tang)甄稱(cheng)譽伊尹(yin)教太甲(jia)、周公(gong)訓成王(wang)，提出“君德必成于學(xue)，而學(xue)必得師保”的(de)(de)命題。他以(yi)為(wei)一國政(zheng)治(zhi)的(de)(de)好壞(huai)往往取決于君王(wang)的(de)(de)德智才學(xue)，因此(ci)皇太子(zi)的(de)(de)教育尤(you)其重要。如何教太子(zi)呢？唐(tang)甄在(zai)《太子(zi)》篇中(zhong)系統地(di)闡述了(le)有關教育原(yuan)則與方(fang)法(fa)：
(1)尊(zun)(zun)師(shi)(shi)重傅(fu)(fu)，即(ji)天子(zi)以身作則尊(zun)(zun)重師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)(fu)，只有樹立師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)(fu)的尊(zun)(zun)嚴，才能使太子(zi)抑尊(zun)(zun)處(chu)卑。在作法(fa)上，打(da)破南面臨(lin)師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)(fu)，把師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)(fu)作為下屬之臣(chen)看(kan)待的傳統(tong)，真正使太子(zi)處(chu)于學生(sheng)地(di)位，“進(jin)退唯命”。
(2)讓太(tai)子(zi)接觸(chu)社(she)會實際(ji)，“春使(shi)視耕，夏(xia)使(shi)視耘，秋使(shi)視獲(huo)，冬使(shi)視藏”，從(cong)而(er)知(zhi)道生養之道。除了(le)了(le)解農(nong)業(ye)外(wai)，還(huan)應當觀(guan)于桑、牧、牢、澤、圃、山、肆、市(shi)、道等，從(cong)而(er)知(zhi)道衣(yi)服(fu)、車乘、鼎俎(zu)、魚鱉、果蔬、材(cai)木、器用等來之不易，知(zhi)道商(shang)人、兵(bing)士(shi)、勞役等的勞苦。
(3)注意教育(yu)環境，不要(yao)異(yi)宮(gong)(gong)而處，異(yi)庖而食，異(yi)笥而衣，生活上不搞特殊化，同時還要(yao)禁(jin)止同宮(gong)(gong)女、宦官的接觸，因(yin)為女色傷(shang)身，宦官害政(zheng)，這(zhe)是明代政(zheng)治腐敗最(zui)慘重(zhong)的兩(liang)個方面。
(4)嚴格要求，“有過必(bi)撻(ta)”。唐甄主(zhu)張(zhang)如果(guo)太子不(bu)(bu)(bu)接受師教(jiao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)尊師傅，不(bu)(bu)(bu)敬不(bu)(bu)(bu)禮(li)大(da)臣，知而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)行，不(bu)(bu)(bu)知農事農窮，不(bu)(bu)(bu)知物土人勞，受了教(jiao)育而(er)無實際行動，都應當(dang)“撻(ta)之(zhi)”。實行嚴格教(jiao)育是(shi)使太子成為治國之(zhi)君的必(bi)要條件。
在《得師(shi)》篇中指出(chu)，太子(zi)身貴，但“心無貴賤”，“是故天子(zi)學同于士(shi)，懼而(er)篤學，當百于士(shi)”。唐甄(zhen)打破君權(quan)神授(shou)的天命論，從建立(li)理(li)(li)想的國家(jia)政(zheng)治目的出(chu)發，寄(ji)希望于儲君的教養，在思(si)想和理(li)(li)論上都有超越(yue)前(qian)人之處。
其四，提(ti)出治化之源在(zai)于吏治的政教思想(xiang)，批評學校教育的局限性(xing)。
這(zhe)一觀點(dian)是(shi)針對(dui)明末東林(lin)黨(dang)人過份夸大學(xue)校教育的政治作用而提出的。東林(lin)黨(dang)人封建私塾
顧憲成(cheng)認為興學校(xiao)以教(jiao)天下(xia)是治(zhi)亂之本，學校(xiao)教(jiao)育對上(shang)有正(zheng)君正(zheng)職官的(de)作用，對下(xia)則有“洽于(yu)鄉里”使(shi)(shi)“民易使(shi)(shi)”的(de)效果。所以他們主張在(zai)野之士廣結盟社(she)，興書院，造成(cheng)一種以學校(xiao)議政(zheng)監政(zheng)和改變社(she)會的(de)風(feng)氣。
唐甄(zhen)在(zai)《尚(shang)治(zhi)(zhi)》篇中指出，這(zhe)種(zhong)觀點雖是(shi)“善(shan)言(yan)”但不能(neng)行(xing)。原因在(zai)于“講(jiang)學必(bi)樹黨，樹黨必(bi)爭進退，使學者扳援奔趨而失其本心”。認為(wei)讀書人(ren)以講(jiang)學來干預政治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)想法和行(xing)動，在(zai)客觀上(shang)根本達不到目的(de)，相(xiang)反只能(neng)使“議論害治(zhi)(zhi)”，“使人(ren)尚(shang)浮夸而喪其實(shi)”。因為(wei)國家政權操(cao)縱于皇帝(di)一人(ren)之(zhi)手，加(jia)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)御各(ge)級官吏極力(li)維護君主獨裁(cai)，所(suo)(suo)以知識分(fen)子的(de)力(li)量是(shi)微(wei)不足(zu)道的(de)，學校教育的(de)政治(zhi)(zhi)作用也是(shi)很有局限的(de)。
在《富民(min)(min)》篇中，唐(tang)甄指出(chu)人民(min)(min)之(zhi)所以(yi)貧窮，國家之(zhi)所以(yi)不得治，不是(shi)教(jiao)育無(wu)功，而(er)是(shi)貪官(guan)之(zhi)害(hai)不除。官(guan)吏之(zhi)貪有甚于(yu)執刃的盜(dao)賊，“夫盜(dao)不盡人，寇不盡世，而(er)民(min)(min)之(zhi)毒于(yu)貪吏者，無(wu)所逃于(yu)天地(di)之(zhi)間”。
在(zai)《考(kao)功》篇中指出；“天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)官(guan)(guan)皆棄(qi)民之(zhi)官(guan)(guan)，天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)事皆棄(qi)民之(zhi)事，是(shi)(shi)舉(ju)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)父兄子(zi)弟(di)盡推之(zhi)于(yu)溝壑也(ye)，欲(yu)得治乎(hu)？”所以，治國(guo)富民的(de)(de)關鍵在(zai)于(yu)整(zheng)頓吏(li)治，除天(tian)(tian)下(xia)貪官(guan)(guan)。但如何達到吏(li)治呢？唐甄(zhen)并沒有(you)找到什么(me)有(you)效措(cuo)施，卻(que)又回(hui)到教育問題上來。他提倡(chang)通過教育使上自(zi)君主下(xia)至百官(guan)(guan)要以民為本，以身(shen)作(zuo)則(ze)，去貪養廉，論功舉(ju)賢，足食以養民。顯然，這些也(ye)是(shi)(shi)一種無(wu)能為力的(de)(de)幻想。
總之，《潛書》所散論的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)思想在很(hen)大程度(du)上是(shi)在政治立(li)場和(he)觀點基礎上闡發的(de)(de)(de)，帶有(you)濃厚的(de)(de)(de)政論性色彩。在上述觀點中，提(ti)倡實學(xue)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)內容與目的(de)(de)(de)，指陳教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)局限性，以及在論述教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)與政治的(de)(de)(de)關系和(he)批(pi)評宋明理(li)學(xue)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)流(liu)弊等方面(mian)，確有(you)樸(pu)素的(de)(de)(de)民主主義政治傾向和(he)開創實學(xue)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)風氣的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。但在其他篇(pian)章中，唐甄反復強調倫理(li)道德教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)，特別是(shi)在有(you)關家教(jiao)方面(mian)，表現出(chu)強烈的(de)(de)(de)禁欲主義、男尊女(nv)卑、君權至尚等傾向，加之階(jie)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)局限，看(kan)不到勞動(dong)者的(de)(de)(de)力(li)量，并且(qie)著意貶低士林清議政治的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，流(liu)露出(chu)消(xiao)極悲觀的(de)(de)(de)情緒。如果剔除這些消(xiao)極因(yin)素，在今.天，《潛書》中的(de)(de)(de)進步教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)主張(zhang)對于啟發人們(men)認識和(he)批(pi)判中國(guo)傳統教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)有(you)幫(bang)助的(de)(de)(de)。
唐甄(zhen)是(shi)清代初期重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)社會啟(qi)蒙思想家。他的(de)一生“困于(yu)遠(yuan)游，厄于(yu)人事”唐甄(zhen)的(de)思想對后世(shi)產生深遠(yuan)影響
唐甄的社會啟蒙思(si)想，主要表現(xian).在他(ta)對封建專(zhuan)制制度的深刻批判，以及由(you)此出發提(ti)出的具(ju)有初步民主意識的政治主張(zhang)。他(ta)不僅繼承發揚了(le)明清(qing)之際啟蒙思(si)想家(jia)的經世傳統和批判精(jing)神，而且(qie)具(ju)體提(ti)出了(le)救治社會弊(bi)端的實(shi)際措施(shi)。
唐甄(zhen)的(de)社會(hui)政(zheng)治啟(qi)蒙(meng)思想(xiang)，首先表現.在他猛(meng)烈抨擊了封建專制(zhi)制(zhi)度下的(de)君(jun)主(zhu)順(shun)治官吏的(de)殘(can)暴(bao)罪行，提出了抑制(zhi)君(jun)主(zhu)至(zhi)尊(zun)權勢、倡導社會(hui)人人平等(deng)的(de)政(zheng)治主(zhu)張。
唐甄(zhen)認(ren)為(wei)，在自秦(qin)(qin)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)封建(jian)專制(zhi)制(zhi)度的(de)(de)社會中，至高無上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)封建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)，不僅(jin)是(shi)(shi)掠奪天(tian)(tian)下(xia)人(ren)(ren)財富的(de)(de)最大盜賊(zei)，而且是(shi)(shi)慘殺(sha)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)人(ren)(ren)生命的(de)(de)罪(zui)惡兇手。他(ta)說(shuo)：“自秦(qin)(qin)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，凡(fan)為(wei)帝王者(zhe)皆賊(zei)也(ye)(ye)……殺(sha)一人(ren)(ren)而取其(qi)匹布(bu)斗粟，猶謂之(zhi)賊(zei)；殺(sha)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)而盡其(qi)布(bu)粟之(zhi)富，而反不謂之(zhi)賊(zei)乎(hu)？”（《潛(qian)書·室(shi)語(yu)》）唐甄(zhen)明確(que)而尖銳地指(zhi)出(chu)，封建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)至尊權(quan)勢的(de)(de)取得和專制(zhi)極權(quan)的(de)(de)統治，是(shi)(shi)建(jian)立(li)在殺(sha)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)、掠天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)財的(de)(de)殘暴(bao)野(ye)蠻行為(wei)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)。他(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)，二(er)千(qian)(qian)多年的(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)專制(zhi)社會，就是(shi)(shi)一部“殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)如麻”、“血流漂杵(chu)”的(de)(de)悲慘歷史(shi)。他(ta)說(shuo)：“周(zhou)秦(qin)(qin)以(yi)(yi)后，君(jun)(jun)(jun)將豪杰，皆鼓刀(dao)之(zhi)屠(tu)人(ren)(ren)。”（《潛(qian)書·止(zhi)殺(sha)》）“蓋自秦(qin)(qin)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，屠(tu)殺(sha)二(er)千(qian)(qian)余年，不可究止(zhi)。嗟乎(hu)！何帝王盜賊(zei)之(zhi)毒至于(yu)如此其(qi)極哉！”（《潛(qian)書·全(quan)學》）唐甄(zhen)認(ren)為(wei)，雖(sui)然(ran)“殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)眾手，實天(tian)(tian)子為(wei)之(zhi)大手。”（《潛(qian)書·室(shi)語(yu)》）暴(bao)虐君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)是(shi)(shi)殘害天(tian)(tian)下(xia)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)罪(zui)魁禍(huo)首(shou)，他(ta)們并非(fei)什么(me)“德比(bi)唐虞，功過湯(tang)武”的(de)(de)仁君(jun)(jun)(jun)圣人(ren)(ren)，而是(shi)(shi)“慘刻少(shao)恩，譎詐無實”（《潛(qian)書·仁師》）的(de)(de)獨(du)夫民賊(zei)。唐甄(zhen)進一步揭露說(shuo)，竊國(guo)屠(tu)民的(de)(de)殘暴(bao)無道的(de)(de)封建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)，是(shi)(shi)導(dao)致國(guo)家動亂(luan)、民眾涂炭的(de)(de)根源(yuan)。他(ta)說(shuo)，自秦(qin)(qin)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，“君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)無道也(ye)(ye)多矣，民之(zhi)不樂其(qi)生也(ye)(ye)久矣”（《潛(qian)書·鮮(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)》）。民之(zhi)不樂其(qi)生，源(yuan)于(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)無道。他(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)：“治天(tian)(tian)下(xia)者(zhe)惟君(jun)(jun)(jun)。治亂(luan)非(fei)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)所能(neng)為(wei)也(ye)(ye)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)。”“小人(ren)(ren)”、“女(nv)子寺人(ren)(ren)”、“奸雄盜賊(zei)”亂(luan)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)，皆由君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)無道所致，
“懦君(jun)(jun)蓄亂(luan)(luan)，辟(pi)君(jun)(jun)生亂(luan)(luan)，暗君(jun)(jun)召(zhao)亂(luan)(luan)，暴(bao)君(jun)(jun)激亂(luan)(luan)”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·鮮(xian)君(jun)(jun)》）。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)這些禍國殃民(min)(min)、惡貫滿盈的(de)(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)，唐甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)慰藉則(ze)厲言(yan)(yan)(yan)：其(qi)(qi)上(shang)帝使我治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殺(sha)(sha)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)獄，我則(ze)有以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。匹夫無(wu)故而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)殺(sha)(sha)人(ren)(ren)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)一身(shen)抵一人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死，斯(si)足矣；有天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)故而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)殺(sha)(sha)人(ren)(ren)，雖(sui)百其(qi)(qi)身(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抵其(qi)(qi)殺(sha)(sha)一人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪。（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·室(shi)語(yu)》）他(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，即使以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)極刑(xing)去(qu)處死暴(bao)君(jun)(jun)昏主(zhu)，亦(yi)難以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抵其(qi)(qi)屠戮(lu)禍害(hai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪。唐甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)又(you)無(wu)情痛斥了(le)(le)專制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)殘暴(bao)罪行(xing)。他(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，遍布四海的(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)污(wu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu)推(tui)(tui)行(xing)賢(xian)明君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)善政(zheng)(zheng)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)且日(ri)夜獵(lie)取天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)民(min)(min)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)財富。他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)“明于(yu)(yu)(yu)家而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)昧于(yu)(yu)(yu)國”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·存(cun)言(yan)(yan)(yan)》），莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀(mou)私而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)利。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)賢(xian)君(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)善政(zheng)(zheng)，他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)“上(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)責(ze)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)蒙(meng)(meng)上(shang)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu)躬行(xing)實施(shi)，相(xiang)互欺瞞推(tui)(tui)諉，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)疾苦(ku)，他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)坐(zuo)視不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)救，棄(qi)置不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧，“雖(sui)田園荒蕪(wu)，廬舍傾(qing)倒，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一顧也(ye)(ye)；雖(sui)父兄(xiong)凍餓，子(zi)弟死亡，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恤也(ye)(ye)。”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·柅(ni)政(zheng)(zheng)》）唐甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，橫征暴(bao)斂的(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)污(wu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，其(qi)(qi)害(hai)甚于(yu)(yu)(yu)窮(qiong)(qiong)兇極惡殺(sha)(sha)人(ren)(ren)越貸的(de)(de)(de)盜(dao)賊匪寇(kou)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：穴墻而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)發人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)藏；群(qun)刃而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)奪(duo)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田宅；御旅于(yu)(yu)(yu)途(tu)者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)破(po)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家室(shi)；寇(kou)至誅(zhu)焚者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)窮(qiong)(qiong)山谷而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)遍四海。彼為吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)，星列于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，日(ri)夜獵(lie)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財……如填(tian)壑谷，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可滿也(ye)(ye)。夫盜(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡人(ren)(ren)，寇(kou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡世，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒于(yu)(yu)(yu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)逃于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·富民(min)(min)》）因(yin)(yin)此，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)寬仁而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)恤民(min)(min)”，四海民(min)(min)眾(zhong)仍困(kun)窮(qiong)(qiong)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)依舊難治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理，皆是(shi)(shi)“公(gong)卿(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過也(ye)(ye)”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·存(cun)言(yan)(yan)(yan)》）。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)難治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，人(ren)(ren)皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為民(min)(min)難治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知難治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，非民(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)，官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)。凡茲庶(shu)民(min)(min)，茍非亂(luan)(luan)人(ren)(ren)，亦(yi)唯求其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)樂，避其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)苦(ku)，曷嘗好(hao)犯上(shang)法以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)與(yu)上(shang)為難也(ye)(ye)！論政(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)察所(suo)(suo)(suo)由，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為法令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)，皆柅(ni)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良，釋官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)罪民(min)(min)，此所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)難以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)與(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)。”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·柅(ni)政(zheng)(zheng)》）他(ta)(ta)進(jin)一步揭(jie)露說(shuo)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)皆棄(qi)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事皆棄(qi)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，是(shi)(shi)舉天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父兄(xiong)子(zi)弟盡推(tui)(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)溝(gou)壑也(ye)(ye)，欲(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)乎！”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·考功(gong)》）因(yin)(yin)此，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)殘害(hai)棄(qi)虐百姓(xing)的(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)污(wu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，必須(xu)盡行(xing)革除(chu)，嚴懲不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)殆(dai)，“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刑(xing)狐鼠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刑(xing)豺(chai)狼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)重工業刑(xing)匿狐鼠、養豺(chai)狼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·權實》），“刑(xing)自貴始(shi)，自寵始(shi)，自近(jin)始(shi)”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·卿(qing)牧》）。唐甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)在對封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)殘暴(bao)罪行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)揭(jie)露批判中，深刻地(di)認識到，無(wu)道君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)專制(zhi)(zhi)統治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，貪(tan)(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)污(wu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)橫征暴(bao)斂，導(dao)致了(le)(le)國家社會的(de)(de)(de)動亂(luan)(luan)和(he)四海民(min)(min)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)窮(qiong)(qiong)困(kun)，然其(qi)(qi)最(zui)終根源，則(ze)在于(yu)(yu)(yu)自秦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來的(de)(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)專制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)社會制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。因(yin)(yin)此，唐甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)提出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)抑制(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)至尊(zun)權勢、倡導(dao)社會人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)平等的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)啟蒙(meng)(meng)思想，闡述了(le)(le)救治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)現實社會政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊端的(de)(de)(de)具體措(cuo)施(shi)。唐甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)徹底否(fou)定了(le)(le)君(jun)(jun)權神授的(de)(de)(de)傳統觀念(nian)，提出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)抑君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)張。他(ta)(ta)提出(chu)(chu)，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)，非天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)大神也(ye)(ye)，皆人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·抑尊(zun)》）。
“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子雖(sui)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)，亦人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·善游》）。封(feng)(feng)建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)什么“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)大(da)神”，而(er)只是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)眾生(sheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普通一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。但是(shi)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)具有至(zhi)(zhi)高無(wu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)和總(zong)攬一(yi)切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對權(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，因而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)了“人(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)，如(ru)在(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)，與帝(di)同(tong)體”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神圣(sheng)光環(huan)，出(chu)現(xian)了“人(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賤視其(qi)(qi)臣(chen)(chen)民(min)(min)(min)(min)，如(ru)犬馬(ma)蟲蟻不(bu)(bu)(bu)類于(yu)(yu)我也(ye)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·抑(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)》）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)威(wei)(wei)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)指(zhi)出(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)和絕對權(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，必(bi)將導(dao)致(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)而(er)自蔽，賢(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)退而(er)治(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)遠(yuan)。因此(ci)，只有抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)權(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，才能(neng)避免政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)腐敗黑(hei)暗，民(min)(min)(min)(min)眾不(bu)(bu)(bu)遂(sui)其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)弊端(duan)。他認為(wei)(wei)，抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)權(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，首先要加強提出(chu)公(gong)卿(qing)民(min)(min)(min)(min)眾政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)力(li)(li)，允許臣(chen)(chen)吏諫(jian)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)(yu)朝，士(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)議政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)(yu)學(xue)，庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)謗政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。同(tong)時(shi)，還要在(zai)中央政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府設制(zhi)(zhi)冢宰(zai)、司(si)徒(tu)、宗伯、司(si)馬(ma)、司(si)寇、司(si)空的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“六(liu)卿(qing)”職官(guan)，限制(zhi)(zhi)和約束君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)權(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，使他們敢于(yu)(yu)“攻君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)”，“攻宮(gong)闈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)”，“攻帝(di)族、攻后族、攻寵貴”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)。其(qi)(qi)次，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)指(zhi)出(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)必(bi)須自覺抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)威(wei)(wei)權(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，“位(wei)在(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)者，必(bi)處天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·抑(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)》）。在(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)活動(dong)中，君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)則(ze)(ze)要平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)對待(dai)臣(chen)(chen)吏百姓，“接賤士(shi)如(ru)見(jian)公(gong)卿(qing)，臨匹(pi)夫如(ru)對上(shang)帝(di)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·善施(shi)》），虛心地(di)(di)(di)接受臣(chen)(chen)民(min)(min)(min)(min)議政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，“勿己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)，惟道(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歸”，“人(ren)(ren)(ren)無(wu)賢(xian)愚，皆我師也(ye)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·六(liu)善》）。在(zai)日常(chang)生(sheng)活中，君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)則(ze)(ze)要“處身如(ru)農夫，殿陛(bi)如(ru)田(tian)舍，衣食如(ru)貧(pin)士(shi)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·尚治(zhi)(zhi)》），“貴為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子，亦可以(yi)庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫婦處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·去奴》），與民(min)(min)(min)(min)同(tong)情，從民(min)(min)(min)(min)所(suo)欲。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)嚴厲地(di)(di)(di)指(zhi)出(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)如(ru)果不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)自己尊(zun)(zun)(zun)威(wei)(wei)權(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，一(yi)味殘暴不(bu)(bu)(bu)義(yi)(yi)，無(wu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)，那么，歷史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，必(bi)將徹底(di)摧毀君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)力(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)、身家性(xing)命。到時(shi)，“雖(sui)九(jiu)州為(wei)(wei)宅，九(jiu)川為(wei)(wei)防(fang)，九(jiu)山為(wei)(wei)阻，破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)榷(que)雀卵也(ye)；雖(sui)盡(jin)荊蠻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)金以(yi)為(wei)(wei)兵，盡(jin)畿省(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)籍以(yi)為(wei)(wei)卒，推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)蹶弱童(tong)也(ye)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·遠(yuan)諫(jian)》）唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)還批(pi)判了封(feng)(feng)建(jian)綱常(chang)倫(lun)理(li)(li)，提出(chu)了社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初步民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)思(si)想。他指(zhi)出(chu)，“圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)定尊(zun)(zun)(zun)卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分，將使順(shun)而(er)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非使亢(kang)而(er)遠(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·抑(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)》）。但是(shi)，封(feng)(feng)建(jian)專制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)臣(chen)(chen)綱、父(fu)為(wei)(wei)子綱、夫為(wei)(wei)妻綱、男尊(zun)(zun)(zun)女卑(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)理(li)(li)綱常(chang)，卻完全(quan)背離了圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)設尊(zun)(zun)(zun)卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分意在(zai)“順(shun)而(er)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)作用；而(er)忠孝仁(ren)義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“美(mei)德(de)”“大(da)倫(lun)”，卻由(you)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們“不(bu)(bu)(bu)正其(qi)(qi)心，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得其(qi)(qi)方(fang)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·破(po)祟(sui)》），而(er)成為(wei)(wei)致(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)于(yu)(yu)死(si)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祟(sui)害。因此(ci)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對于(yu)(yu)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)綱常(chang)倫(lun)理(li)(li)道(dao)(dao)(dao)德(de)，提出(chu)了大(da)膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懷疑和否定。他指(zhi)出(chu)，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)故平(ping)(ping)(ping)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)則(ze)(ze)萬物各(ge)得其(qi)(qi)所(suo)。及其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)也(ye)，此(ci)厚(hou)而(er)彼薄，此(ci)樂而(er)彼憂”，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)，經濟(ji)生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)，倫(lun)理(li)(li)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)，必(bi)將導(dao)致(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)亂，人(ren)(ren)(ren)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘殺。人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)來本(ben)是(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)設尊(zun)(zun)(zun)卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分意在(zai)“順(shun)而(er)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，但專制(zhi)(zhi)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)卻造成了人(ren)(ren)(ren)僮“亢(kang)而(er)遠(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”極不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)。故唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)強調，人(ren)(ren)(ren)們之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間，無(wu)論是(shi)在(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)、經濟(ji)、倫(lun)理(li)(li)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)上(shang)，都應當破(po)除封(feng)(feng)建(jian)綱常(chang)倫(lun)理(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祟(sui)，實(shi)現(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)、夫妻、男女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)相同(tong)。這樣，才能(neng)避免專制(zhi)(zhi)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端(duan)危害，促進(jin)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步發展。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)抨(peng)擊封(feng)(feng)建(jian)專制(zhi)(zhi)、倡導(dao)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟蒙思(si)想，反映了當時(shi)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)，具有進(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)作用。
唐甄的社會啟蒙思想，還表現在他提出了“治道貴致其實”、“清朝社會生活線描圖立國(guo)(guo)惟在(zai)富民”的政治(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)張。唐甄在(zai)自身(shen)的社(she)會(hui)(hui)實踐活動(dong)中，深刻地認識(shi)到，國(guo)(guo)家社(she)會(hui)(hui)的動(dong)亂黑暗，民眾(zhong)生(sheng)活的艱難困(kun)窮(qiong)，就在(zai)于統治(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)沒有(you)采取實行、實事、實治(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)致富于民的政治(zhi)(zhi)措施。民眾(zhong)生(sheng)活的困(kun)窮(qiong)原因(yin)，還在(zai)于“為政者(zhe)不以(yi)富民為功(gong)”（《潛書·考功(gong)》）。
唐(tang)甄《養重》（《潛書(shu)》上篇(pian)下）
茍非仕而得(de)(de)祿(lu)，及公(gong)卿(qing)(qing)敬(jing)禮而周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)耕賈(jia)而得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)財無(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，必為(wei)(wei)小人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)矣(yi)(yi)。我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)賈(jia)為(wei)(wei)生者(zhe)，人以(yi)為(wei)(wei)辱其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身，而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知所以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辱其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身也。雖(sui)然，身為(wei)(wei)賈(jia)者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)已也。溺而附木，孰如(ru)(ru)無(wu)(wu)溺。昔者(zhe)荊州(zhou)大水，饑者(zhe)萬人，張居(ju)(ju)正(zheng)為(wei)(wei)政(zheng)，皆(jie)食(shi)而活之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)時荊州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)二百余人，賴食(shi)以(yi)活者(zhe)五(wu)十(shi)人，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)田(tian)而有(you)(you)(you)蓄(xu)者(zhe)也。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，皆(jie)無(wu)(wu)田(tian)而無(wu)(wu)蓄(xu)者(zhe)也。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)食(shi)者(zhe)皆(jie)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而處于(yu)(yu)(yu)居(ju)(ju)正(zheng)門(men)下(xia)，大則(ze)貴(gui)，小則(ze)富。及居(ju)(ju)正(zheng)沒，皆(jie)禁(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)進(jin)用(yong)焉(yan)。昔者(zhe)蜀有(you)(you)(you)二士(shi)(shi)(shi)曰駱純曰殷(yin)(yin)正(zheng)，以(yi)文學稱。楊榮為(wei)(wei)相，使使奉書幣二而屬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)布政(zheng)使曰：駱殷(yin)(yin)二子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，蜀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雋(jun)士(shi)(shi)(shi)也，吾懷其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人久矣(yi)(yi)，君其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)我致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)駱子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貧而無(wu)(wu)妻，教生徒于(yu)(yu)(yu)鄉里，殷(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)富有(you)(you)(you)田(tian)園蓄(xu)牧山林(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饒。駱子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)受(shou)書幣，越三日而啟行(xing)(xing)。殷(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)辭以(yi)疾，固(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯行(xing)(xing)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)友勸(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)，殷(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰：吾非不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知楊公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賢，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)與為(wei)(wei)交，且力能進(jin)用(yong)我也。然富貴(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)客也，危疑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)居(ju)(ju)也，車(che)馬(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)我山居(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安，公(gong)卿(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祿(lu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)我歲入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多，舍己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安而任(ren)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危，舍己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多而受(shou)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)待(dai)智者(zhe)而知其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)矣(yi)(yi)。遂終身隱而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)焉(yan)。夫荊士(shi)(shi)(shi)駱子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能守其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)節(jie)(jie)者(zhe)，食(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)也。殷(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能守其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)節(jie)(jie)者(zhe)，食(shi)足(zu)也。節(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)。食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)人，豈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重乎？其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在古昔，諸(zhu)侯能恭儉(jian)(jian)者(zhe)，保(bao)國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君也。大夫能恭儉(jian)(jian)者(zhe)，保(bao)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主也。今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，何獨不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然？若(ruo)數口之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)，有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)十(shi)畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)，儉(jian)(jian)而守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)無(wu)(wu)饑矣(yi)(yi)。有(you)(you)(you)百畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)，儉(jian)(jian)而守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)自足(zu)矣(yi)(yi)。有(you)(you)(you)二百畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)，儉(jian)(jian)而有(you)(you)(you)蓄(xu)焉(yan)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)周(zhou)親戚鄰里矣(yi)(yi)。顧有(you)(you)(you)此田(tian)實(shi)難，無(wu)(wu)則(ze)固(gu)窮，有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)儉(jian)(jian)守勿失，以(yi)遺子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孫。是(shi)(shi)立身垂后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要道，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)察也。
批判專制制度
唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)專制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)進行大膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)揭露和(he)批判。他(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)皇(huang)(huang)帝也(ye)是(shi)人，沒有(you)什么神秘，并指出皇(huang)(huang)帝是(shi)一(yi)切罪惡的(de)(de)(de)(de)根源，他(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)“自(zi)秦以來(lai)，凡帝王者皆賊也(ye)”，“殺一(yi)人而取其(qi)匹布斗粟(su)，尤謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊，殺天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人，而盡有(you)其(qi)不布粟(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)，而反(fan)不謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊乎？”，他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)為(wei)(wei)了奪(duo)取皇(huang)(huang)位(wei)常(chang)常(chang)無故殺人，殘害百(bai)姓。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)憤然(ran)地(di)說：“川流(liu)潰決，必問(wen)為(wei)(wei)防之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,比(bi)戶延(yan)燒(shao),必罪失火之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu),至于國破家亡,流(liu)毒(du)無窮……,非君(jun)其(qi)誰乎”(《潛書(shu)·遠諫》)。 唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)(ti)出了“抑尊”，即限制(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)權的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，要求(qiu)提(ti)(ti)高大臣(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位(wei),使(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)具有(you)同(tong)(tong)皇(huang)(huang)帝及(ji)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)權貴(gui)作斗爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)權力，以“攻(gong)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過”,“攻(gong)宮闈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過”,“攻(gong)帝族、攻(gong)后(hou)族、攻(gong)寵貴(gui)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過，使(shi)皇(huang)(huang)帝有(you)所(suo)顧忌(ji)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)還發展(zhan)了產生于先秦的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)本(ben)(ben)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)，強調民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)是(shi)國家的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)(ben)，離開了民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，便沒有(you)國家的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治。他(ta)(ta)(ta)指出，國防靠民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)來(lai)鞏固，府(fu)庫靠民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)來(lai)充實，朝廷(ting)靠民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)來(lai)尊崇，官(guan)員靠民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)來(lai)養活。君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)只(zhi)有(you)愛護(hu)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)才能達到長(chang)治久安的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果無道(dao)于民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，縱然(ran)“九(jiu)州為(wei)(wei)宅，九(jiu)州為(wei)(wei)防，九(jiu)山為(wei)(wei)阻，破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如椎雀(que)卵(luan)也(ye)”(同(tong)(tong)前)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)“官(guan)”也(ye)進行了猛烈抨(peng)擊，他(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)天下難(nan)治，人們(men)以為(wei)(wei)是(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)難(nan)治，實則不然(ran)，“難(nan)治者，非民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)，官(guan)也(ye)。”他(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)大多(duo)數官(guan)吏“為(wei)(wei)盜臣(chen)，為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)賊”他(ta)(ta)(ta)還提(ti)(ti)出了愛民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)、保民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)、富(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體政(zheng)策，主(zhu)(zhu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)打擊貪官(guan)污吏，強調“刑(xing)先于貴(gui)”；呼吁政(zheng)府(fu)幫助農民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)種值(zhi)農桑，發展(zhan)生產，提(ti)(ti)高人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)生活。針對(dui)(dui)當時貧(pin)富(fu)(fu)懸殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)現象(xiang)，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)(ti)出貧(pin)富(fu)(fu)要相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)平(ping)均的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)指出“天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)故平(ping),平(ping)則萬物(wu)各得其(qi)所(suo)”(《潛書(shu)·大命》),否則，必然(ran)引(yin)起社會(hui)動(dong)亂。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)還提(ti)(ti)倡為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)利(li)主(zhu)(zhu)義，反(fan)對(dui)(dui)理(li)學家們(men)“儒者不計其(qi)功(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)說法。他(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)儒學的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)貴(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處就(jiu)在于它(ta)能定(ding)亂、除暴(bao)、安百(bai)姓。如果儒者不言功(gong)，只(zhi)顧自(zi)己，那(nei)就(jiu)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)個匹夫匹婦沒有(you)什么區別。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)本(ben)(ben)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)后(hou)世有(you)較大影(ying)響。
思想的局限性
在(zai)唐甄思(si)(si)想深處，仍(reng)(reng)把國泰(tai)民安的希望(wang)寄托在(zai)賢明(ming)君主身上。他(ta)說：“天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)主在(zai)君，君之(zhi)(zhi)主在(zai)心。”唐甄提出(chu)的為君之(zhi)(zhi)道仍(reng)(reng)然沒有跳出(chu)儒家的思(si)(si)想圈子。
歲月(yue)靜好
】編輯上傳提供，詞條(tiao)屬(shu)于開放詞條(tiao)，當(dang)前頁面所展示(shi)的(de)詞條(tiao)介紹涉及宣傳內(nei)容(rong)(rong)屬(shu)于注冊用戶個人編輯行為，與(yu)【唐甄】的(de)所屬(shu)企業/所有人/主體無關，網站(zhan)(zhan)不完全保證內(nei)容(rong)(rong)信(xin)息(xi)的(de)準確性(xing)、真實性(xing)，也不代(dai)表本(ben)站(zhan)(zhan)立場，各項數據信(xin)息(xi)存在(zai)更新不及時的(de)情況，僅供參(can)考(kao)，請以官方發(fa)布為準。如果(guo)頁面內(nei)容(rong)(rong)與(yu)實際(ji)情況不符(fu)，可(ke)點(dian)擊“反(fan)饋”在(zai)線向網站(zhan)(zhan)提出修改，網站(zhan)(zhan)將核實后進行更正。
反饋
