生(sheng)平及(ji)著述：唐(tang)(tang)甄原名大陶，字鑄萬；後(hou)更名甄，號圃亭，四(si)(si)(si)川達(da)州人，生(sheng)於(wu)明崇禎(zhen)三年(nian)，卒於(wu)清康熙四(si)(si)(si)十三年(nian)，得(de)年(nian)七十五歲。生(sheng)平事跡(ji)頗隱(yin)晦(hui)，《四(si)(si)(si)庫總目》至將《衡(heng)書(shu)(shu)》著者(zhe)「唐(tang)(tang)大陶」及(ji)《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)》著者(zhe)唐(tang)(tang)甄別為(wei)二(er)人。幼年(nian)隨父宦游(you)(you)，歷吳(wu)江(jiang)、北京(jing)、南(nan)(nan)京(jing)。順治二(er)年(nian)南(nan)(nan)京(jing)城破，父子(zi)(zi)避難(nan)浙江(jiang)紹興。順治十四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)丁酉（1657）舉人，曾任山西長子(zi)(zi)縣知(zhi)縣十月，遍游(you)(you)河北、河南(nan)(nan)、湖北、浙江(jiang)、江(jiang)蘇等(deng)地二(er)十馀(yu)年(nian)，後(hou)困於(wu)江(jiang)蘇，仍(reng)志在(zai)天下，冀(ji)為(wei)王(wang)者(zhe)師，著述不輟。1962年(nian)北京(jing)中(zhong)華書(shu)(shu)局出版《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)》，後(hou)附編者(zhe)李之勤〈唐(tang)(tang)甄事跡(ji)叢考(kao)〉一文，最稱詳實。
這表現(xian).在(zai)(zai)(zai)，第(di)(di)(di)一，封(feng)建(jian)(jian)君(jun)主(zhu)沒有推行富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)策，而實(shi)(shi)(shi)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)忘民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)、虐發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、害(hai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而“四海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內，日(ri)益(yi)困(kun)窮(qiong)，農(nong)空(kong)(kong)、工(gong)空(kong)(kong)、市空(kong)(kong)、仕空(kong)(kong)”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·存言》）。第(di)(di)(di)二，封(feng)建(jian)(jian)官(guan)吏(li)橫行掠奪民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)，他(ta)(ta)們坐視民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疾苦不(bu)救(jiu)，貪(tan)婪謀取一己私利(li)。第(di)(di)(di)三(san)，沉重繁(fan)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賦稅，加重了(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困(kun)苦。第(di)(di)(di)四，財(cai)(cai)(cai)源枯竭，貸(dai)幣量少，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)了(le)財(cai)(cai)(cai)貸(dai)無(wu)法(fa)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，“當(dang)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，無(wu)人不(bu)窮(qiong)，非(fei)窮(qiong)于(yu)(yu)財(cai)(cai)(cai)，窮(qiong)于(yu)(yu)銀(yin)(yin)也”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·更(geng)幣》）。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)探討(tao)了(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)窮(qiong)困(kun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，提出了(le)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)改措施。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)指(zhi)出，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家邦本，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)首在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)無(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，豈有四政(zheng)(zheng)！封(feng)建(jian)(jian)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)固之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；府(fu)(fu)庫，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)充之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；朝廷，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；官(guan)職，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)養之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·明鑒》）只有民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豐(feng)衣足食，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)興旺發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)達(da)；如(ru)果民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)貧窮(qiong)困(kun)苦，必(bi)(bi)將(jiang)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家滅亡。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)無(wu)他(ta)(ta)，惟(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。自(zi)(zi)(zi)古未有國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)貧而可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)者。夫(fu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)編(bian)戶，不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)府(fu)(fu)庫。若(ruo)編(bian)戶空(kong)(kong)虛，雖(sui)(sui)府(fu)(fu)庫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)積如(ru)丘山(shan)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貧國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)矣。（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·存言》）因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此，立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)庫財(cai)(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充盈，而在(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)強調(diao)，“治道(dao)貴致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·權(quan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)》），實(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“財(cai)(cai)(cai)者，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)也，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命也，寶(bao)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)竊(qie)，命不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)攘(rang)。”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）財(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)惟(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)具(ju)體提出了(le)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種措施。首先(xian)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)當(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)功(gong)(gong)，力(li)(li)除(chu)棄民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)虐民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)。他(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此，立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)庫財(cai)(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充盈，而在(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)強調(diao)，“治道(dao)貴致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·權(quan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)》），實(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“財(cai)(cai)(cai)者，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)也，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命也，寶(bao)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)竊(qie)，命不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)攘(rang)。”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）財(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)惟(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)具(ju)體提出了(le)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種措施。首先(xian)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)當(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)功(gong)(gong)，力(li)(li)除(chu)棄民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)虐民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)。他(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治方(fang)針當(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宗旨，“其(qi)(qi)舉(ju)(ju)事(shi)任職雖(sui)(sui)多(duo)(duo)，不(bu)過(guo)使不(bu)困(kun)窮(qiong)而已”，“雖(sui)(sui)官(guan)有百職，職有百務(wu)，要歸于(yu)(yu)養民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·考功(gong)(gong)》）故唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)特(te)別(bie)強調(diao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)治實(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)，指(zhi)出“為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)圖治，論(lun)功(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)舉(ju)(ju)賢(xian)，善民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)以(yi)(yi)(yi)論(lun)功(gong)(gong)，足食以(yi)(yi)(yi)養民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”，“養民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，必(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)省官(guan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)務(wu)”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·省官(guan)》），卻除(chu)暴虐于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)官(guan)，重用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)養民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廉能(neng)賢(xian)才(cai)(cai)(cai)，“廉者必(bi)(bi)使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)儉以(yi)(yi)(yi)豐(feng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)者必(bi)(bi)使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)勤以(yi)(yi)(yi)厚(hou)利(li)。舉(ju)(ju)廉舉(ju)(ju)才(cai)(cai)(cai)，必(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)豐(feng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)厚(hou)利(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)征”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·考功(gong)(gong)》）只有君(jun)主(zhu)官(guan)吏(li)皆去推行實(shi)(shi)(shi)施實(shi)(shi)(shi)治實(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)策，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕。其(qi)(qi)次，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)提出了(le)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)多(duo)(duo)種生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)張。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“海內之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)，無(wu)土(tu)不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，無(wu)人不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”，只要“因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)而無(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)擾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而才(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)勝用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)矣”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)否(fou)定了(le)“農(nong)本商(shang)(shang)末”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統觀念，提出了(le)要使四海民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)真(zhen)正富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕，就要發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)、手工(gong)業(ye)(ye)和商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)等多(duo)(duo)種生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。他(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，養民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)首要在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)大(da)力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)，還要全面發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)和手工(gong)業(ye)(ye)，“為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，必(bi)(bi)先(xian)田、市”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·普(pu)施》）。他(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出，“山(shan)林(lin)多(duo)(duo)材，池(chi)沼(zhao)多(duo)(duo)魚(yu)，園(yuan)多(duo)(duo)果蔬，欄多(duo)(duo)羊豕”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·達(da)政(zheng)(zheng)》），農(nong)林(lin)牧漁全面發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕。同時(shi)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)大(da)力(li)(li)提倡種桑養蠶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紡織業(ye)(ye)，主(zhu)張通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，提高(gao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水平。第(di)(di)(di)三(san)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)提出改革貸(dai)幣，促進(jin)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)措施。他(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出，以(yi)(yi)(yi)白銀(yin)(yin)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貸(dai)幣，限(xian)制(zhi)了(le)財(cai)(cai)(cai)貸(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交換(huan)，阻礙了(le)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。“夫(fu)財(cai)(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)聚。銀(yin)(yin)者，易聚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也。”要促進(jin)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)榮發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕，“救(jiu)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，當(dang)廢銀(yin)(yin)而用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)錢”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·更(geng)幣》）。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)銅錢取代(dai)白銀(yin)(yin)，商(shang)(shang)品(pin)交換(huan)才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)更(geng)好地(di)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)行，并可(ke)(ke)(ke)消除(chu)白銀(yin)(yin)易聚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮貸(dai)幣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。
他的(de)社會政治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)啟(qi)蒙思(si)想，集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)反(fan)映在他歷(li)30年而(er)成的(de)《潛(qian)書(shu)》中(zhong)(zhong)。是(shi)書(shu)原為(wei)(wei)《衡(heng)書(shu)》13篇(pian)，“衡(heng)”表示“志在權衡(heng)天(tian)下(xia)”之(zhi)意(yi)，后因(yin)“連蹇不(bu)遇”，只得將其潛(qian)存起來(lai)，遂加(jia)以補充(chong)，改名(ming)為(wei)(wei)《潛(qian)書(shu)》。《潛(qian)書(shu)》共97篇(pian)論文，分為(wei)(wei)上下(xia)兩篇(pian)。上篇(pian)論學術，重在闡發“盡性”與(yu)“事功(gong)”相(xiang)互(hu)統(tong)一的(de)心性之(zhi)學；下(xia)篇(pian)論政治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，旨在講求實治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實功(gong)抑尊(zun)富(fu)民的(de)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世之(zhi)術。潘耒稱其“論學術則(ze)尊(zun)孟(meng)宗(zong)王，貴(gui)心得，賤口耳(er)，痛排(pai)俗學之(zhi)陋；論治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)則(ze)崇儉尚樸(pu)，損勢抑威，省(sheng)大(da)吏，汰冗官(guan)，欲君民相(xiang)親如(ru)一家，乃可為(wei)(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)·潘序》）因(yin)此，《潛(qian)書(shu)》“上觀天(tian)道(dao)，下(xia)察人事，遠正古跡，近(jin)度今宜，根(gen)于心而(er)致之(zhi)行(xing)，如(ru)在其位而(er)謀其政。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)·潛(qian)存》）是(shi)書(shu)不(bu)僅奠定了唐甄(zhen)在清(qing)初(chu)啟(qi)蒙思(si)潮中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)歷(li)史地(di)位，而(er)且對當時的(de)儒(ru)學思(si)想發展也產生了深遠的(de)影響(xiang)。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)重(zhong)要(yao)組成(cheng)部分(fen)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)在(zai)對傳(chuan)(chuan)統儒(ru)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反思(si)(si)(si)認(ren)識中，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相互統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)學(xue)說(shuo)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)繼(ji)承(cheng)發揚(yang)了(le)從孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)到王守(shou)(shou)(shou)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)學(xue)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)，尖銳批(pi)判了(le)程朱理(li)學(xue)末流只(zhi)(zhi)談心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)疏陋(lou)習(xi)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)推崇孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)，孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)具(ju)體地涵蓋了(le)“圣(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)，“甄(zhen)(zhen)雖(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敏(min)，愿學(xue)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)焉。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)存(cun)》）同(tong)時，他(ta)(ta)(ta)又認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，自(zi)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)以(yi)后，最(zui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領悟圣(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人，當推陸(lu)九(jiu)淵(yuan)、王守(shou)(shou)(shou)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)二(er)人。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)、陸(lu)九(jiu)淵(yuan)、王守(shou)(shou)(shou)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)么能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠執圣(sheng)學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樞、得圣(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)這就(jiu)在(zai)于他(ta)(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“堯舜(shun)以(yi)來，傳(chuan)(chuan)道(dao)以(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)(zong)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)》），唯(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)知(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)得識圣(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)問之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入們。因此(ci)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)在(zai)繼(ji)承(cheng)了(le)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”和(he)王守(shou)(shou)(shou)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“致良知(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)上(shang)，又進一(yi)步闡發了(le)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)理(li)論(lun)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，良知(zhi)(zhi)、心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個東西，綜合(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“道(dao)”，“道(dao)由心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)致，不(bu)(bu)(bu)由外(wai)(wai)(wai)致”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·格定》），“天(tian)(tian)(tian)地與(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)際(ji)，心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)與(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地際(ji)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·敬修(xiu)》）。他(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)統天(tian)(tian)(tian)地，備(bei)萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)”，“心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)具(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地，統萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·良功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）。性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)義(yi)禮(li)(li)智(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，“四德(de)我(wo)自(zi)所(suo)有(you)(you)，非(fei)由外(wai)(wai)(wai)鑠”，以(yi)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)義(yi)禮(li)(li)智(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)合(he)于天(tian)(tian)(tian)地萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，始乃盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，“良知(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)致，本心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)乃見(jian)，仁(ren)(ren)(ren)義(yi)禮(li)(li)智(zhi)(zhi)俱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“仁(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)濟(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)”，“義(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)制天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)”，“禮(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)范天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)”，“智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)周天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)(zong)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)》）。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指出(chu)(chu)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)義(yi)禮(li)(li)智(zhi)(zhi)四德(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，以(yi)合(he)于天(tian)(tian)(tian)地萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儒(ru)學(xue)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質特(te)(te)征，經世(shi)致用、救(jiu)(jiu)世(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本宗(zong)(zong)旨。他(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“儒(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貴者，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)定亂、除暴、安百(bai)姓也。若(ruo)儒(ru)者不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)……但(dan)(dan)(dan)取自(zi)完，何(he)以(yi)異于匹(pi)夫匹(pi)婦乎？”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·辨(bian)儒(ru)》）因此(ci)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)既批(pi)判了(le)道(dao)家只(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)“養生(sheng)”和(he)佛家但(dan)(dan)(dan)求“明(ming)(ming)死”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)世(shi)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)，又著重(zhong)揭斥了(le)程朱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)“但(dan)(dan)(dan)明(ming)(ming)己(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，無(wu)(wu)救(jiu)(jiu)于世(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)疏陋(lou)習(xi)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)者不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)割裂，而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)彼(bi)此(ci)統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)，“修(xiu)非(fei)內(nei)(nei)也，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)非(fei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)也”，“自(zi)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)分(fen)，仲尼(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)裂矣，民不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)矣”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·良功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》），“修(xiu)身治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)帶(dai)，取修(xiu)身割治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)修(xiu)身”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》），不(bu)(bu)(bu)修(xiu)其(qi)身，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)；只(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)其(qi)身，亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)。盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相互統一(yi)彼(bi)此(ci)融合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，裂一(yi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得其(qi)半。故(gu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，程朱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)實(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)窮(qiong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原，有(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于儒(ru)家學(xue)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，但(dan)(dan)(dan)它只(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“精(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)而(er)遺外(wai)(wai)(wai)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·有(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)》），“彼(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，未能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》），有(you)(you)違于儒(ru)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本宗(zong)(zong)旨。他(ta)(ta)(ta)們“終日(ri)言(yan)(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)卒不(bu)(bu)(bu)識性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)(zong)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)》），“今于內(nei)(nei)其(qi)精(jing)(jing)致，于其(qi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)若(ruo)遺若(ruo)忘……名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，實(shi)非(fei)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，即非(fei)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指出(chu)(chu)，程朱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)，舍治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)而(er)求盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，既不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，亦無(wu)(wu)益于社會民生(sheng)。如(ru)何(he)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)？唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)合(he)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“世(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)德(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”，性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)二(er)者同(tong)出(chu)(chu)一(yi)源而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)分(fen)，“盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)其(qi)本體，其(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)自(zi)見(jian)”，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)作(zuo)用。因此(ci)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即其(qi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，發揮(hui)出(chu)(chu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)作(zuo)用，言(yan)(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)必(bi)言(yan)(yan)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，言(yan)(yan)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)必(bi)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)沒(mei)有(you)(you)發揮(hui)作(zuo)用。“四德(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，必(bi)其(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充；才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充，必(bi)其(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)未盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。”唯(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，始能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)，則事(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)達；事(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)達，則所(suo)見(jian)多(duo)乖，所(suo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)多(duo)泥(ni)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）。 唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指出(chu)(chu)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)依賴于盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，非(fei)圣(sheng)；功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)，非(fei)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·有(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)》）仁(ren)(ren)(ren)義(yi)禮(li)(li)智(zhi)(zhi)四德(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian).在(zai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本身，而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian).在(zai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)上(shang)，通過性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，體現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian).在(zai)對天(tian)(tian)(tian)地萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)。故(gu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“仁(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)道(dao)，內(nei)(nei)存(cun)未見(jian)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)乃見(jian)；心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)未見(jian)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)受(shou)乃見(jian)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，“事(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)立，又奚(xi)貴無(wu)(wu)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)委(wei)其(qi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)而(er)放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·辨(bian)儒(ru)》）因此(ci)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)特(te)(te)別重(zhong)視王守(shou)(shou)(shou)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)一(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“知(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)，雖(sui)知(zhi)(zhi)猶(you)無(wu)(wu)知(zhi)(zhi)，雖(sui)致猶(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)致。知(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)一(yi)者，致知(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·知(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)》）知(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)一(yi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儒(ru)者為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)儒(ru)學(xue)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用。他(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“我(wo)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)育天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)；我(wo)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)義(yi)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裁天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)；我(wo)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)禮(li)(li)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)匡天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)；我(wo)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)智(zhi)(zhi)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）唯(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)展示儒(ru)學(xue)“窮(qiong)理(li)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)至于命”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)己(ji)成(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、內(nei)(nei)圣(sheng)外(wai)(wai)(wai)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。總之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)對近代社會啟蒙思(si)(si)(si)潮產生(sheng)了(le)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。
唐甄在經濟生活方面，原有土地七十畝，可收租四十一石，江南稅重，清朝市井圖要納(na)賦稅二十石(shi)，去其(qi)收(shou)入一半(ban)，不足(zu)維(wei)持家(jia)計。遂賣去土(tu)地，以所入款項六十多兩銀，從事商販，遂得(de)粗安。同時(shi)，由于其(qi)祖父唐自踩(cai)“居官廉，多惠政，尤振興文教”，父親唐階泰，剛毅明達，“當(dang)是時(shi)，朋(peng)黨(dang)附勢相傾”，而“參議(階泰)獨立無(wu)所與”，唐甄(zhen)出(chu)身(shen)于這(zhe)樣的(de)家(jia)庭環境(jing)的(de)教養(yang)下，他的(de)做人(ren)，出(chu)處(chu)進退，如(ru)鳳(feng)皇(huang)芝草，他的(de)為(wei)文，提出(chu)了(le)許多進步(bu)的(de)經濟政治觀點和主張，這(zhe)當(dang)然不是偶然的(de)了(le)。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄重(zhong)視理財(cai)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本經濟觀(guan)點，則(ze)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“財(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。寶不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)竊(qie)，命(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)攘(rang)。圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)百姓為(wei)子(zi)孫，以(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)海(hai)(hai)為(wei)府(fu)庫(ku)，無(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)竊(qie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)寶而(er)(er)(er)(er)攘(rang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)命(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆盈，婦子(zi)皆寧(ning)。反其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，輸于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)悻臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，藏于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)巨室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)窟(ku)，蠹多則(ze)樹(shu)槁，癰肥則(ze)體敝，此窮(qiong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)，治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”從唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眼光(guang)看來(lai)，財(cai)必(bi)(bi)存之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)。國(guo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)必(bi)(bi)先民(min)(min)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)，才能(neng)(neng)使國(guo)民(min)(min)經濟富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕起來(lai)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)堅(jian)決反對統治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)階(jie)級以(yi)(yi)(yi)及豪強巨室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對民(min)(min)間財(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)，喪(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百金(jin)：取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，喪(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。充(chong)東門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鬻羊餐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，業(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二世矣。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)妻子(zi)傭(yong)走(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬，食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)(shi)馀人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。或誣(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)盜羊，罰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三石粟。上(shang)(shang)獵其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，下(xia)(xia)攘(rang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)，盡(jin)鬻其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)釜甑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器而(er)(er)(er)(er)未(wei)足(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，遂(sui)(sui)失(shi)業(ye)而(er)(er)(er)(er)乞于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)道。此取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)，喪(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百金(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。潞(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)苗氏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鐵治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，業(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)世。多致(zhi)四(si)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賈(jia)，椎鑿鼓(gu)瀉擔挽，所(suo)(suo)(suo)藉而(er)(er)(er)(er)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，常百馀人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。或誣(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主盜，上(shang)(shang)獵其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，下(xia)(xia)攘(rang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遂(sui)(sui)廢。向之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藉而(er)(er)(er)(er)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得食(shi)，皆流(liu)亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)漳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。此取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，喪(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)氏在(zai)(zai)山(shan)西長(chang)子(zi)縣做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)小官(guan)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)農(nong)小商生(sheng)活體會(hui)較深。且小生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，周圍關系(xi)甚(shen)多，彼此影響(xiang)很(hen)大。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)受害，數(shu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)受累。指出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良結果，下(xia)(xia)面他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)又和不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做了個(ge)(ge)(ge)比較。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)接著說(shuo)：“虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)如(ru)是(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)反是(shi)。隴右(you)牧羊，河(he)北育豕，淮(huai)南飼鶩，湖濱繅絲，吳(wu)鄉(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)，編蓑織席(xi)，皆至(zhi)(zhi)微(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)日息歲轉(zhuan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)勝算。此皆操(cao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)致(zhi)百金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。里有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)千(qian)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，嫁女娶婦，死喪(sang)生(sheng)慶，疾病醫禱(dao)，燕飲(yin)裔愧，魚(yu)肉果蔬椒桂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，與之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)眾矣。緡錢(qian)緇銀，市(shi)(shi)(shi)販貸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，石麥(mai)斛米，佃農(nong)貸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，匹(pi)布(bu)尺(chi)帛，鄰(lin)里黨(dang)(dang)戚(qi)貸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；所(suo)(suo)(suo)賴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)眾矣。此藉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)百室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)養(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。海(hai)(hai)內之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)，無(wu)(wu)土不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)(chan)，無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)；歲月(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)計而(er)(er)(er)(er)自(zi)足(zu)(zu)，貧(pin)(pin)(pin)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀(mou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)相資(zi)(zi)。是(shi)故圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)無(wu)(wu)生(sheng)財(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術。因其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)自(zi)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利而(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)擾(rao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)財(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)勝用(yong)(yong)矣。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)“歲月(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)計而(er)(er)(er)(er)自(zi)足(zu)(zu)，貧(pin)(pin)(pin)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀(mou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)相資(zi)(zi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提法(fa)，是(shi)十(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)見解的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。今(jin).日有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)千(qian)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，明.日就可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)數(shu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)千(qian)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，后.日就可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)百個(ge)(ge)(ge)千(qian)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)從聯(lian)系(xi)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點看問(wen)題，是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)進步意(yi)(yi)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)以(yi)(yi)(yi)植(zhi)柳(liu)為(wei)例，主張植(zhi)柳(liu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)折枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)接著說(shuo)：“今(jin)夫柳(liu)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)易生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；折尺(chi)寸(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過三年而(er)(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)樹(shu)。歲剪(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)筐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器。以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)防河(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)掃。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)勝用(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)(wu)窮(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)”，皆自(zi)尺(chi)寸(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)始植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)童(tong)子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)拔而(er)(er)(er)(er)棄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。安(an)望歲剪(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)利用(yong)(yong)哉(zai)！其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)(wu)窮(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)，皆自(zi)尺(chi)寸(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擾(rao)民(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，植(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，拔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，絕其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。那(nei)(nei)末，虐(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，究竟是(shi)誰呢(ni)?依(yi)照唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思(si)，是(shi)些貪官(guan)污(wu)吏。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)比盜賊(zei)(穴墻(qiang)(qiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)入者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))，暴徒(群刃(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)進者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))、道劃(hua)(御旅(lv)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))、伙寇(kou)(kou)(寇(kou)(kou)至(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)誅(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))都要(yao)兇(xiong)狠得多。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)是(shi)：既(ji)亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)，復(fu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)(xia)，轉(zhuan)亡(wang)轉(zhuan)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，如(ru)填(tian)壑谷。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)自(zi)問(wen)自(zi)答地(di)說(shuo)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大害莫如(ru)貪，蓋(gai)十(shi)(shi)百于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)賦焉(yan)(yan)。穴墻(qiang)(qiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)入者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)盡(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密藏。群刃(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)進者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)奪(duo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)宅，御旅(lv)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)破人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，寇(kou)(kou)至(zhi)(zhi)誅(zhu)焚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)窮(qiong)山(shan)谷而(er)(er)(er)(er)偏四(si)海(hai)(hai)。彼為(wei)吏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，星列于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，日夜獵人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)獲既(ji)多，則(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)陵(ling)己(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)負篋而(er)(er)(er)(er)去(qu)。既(ji)亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)，復(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，轉(zhuan)亡(wang)轉(zhuan)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，如(ru)填(tian)壑谷，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)滿(man)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。寇(kou)(kou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)世，而(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)貪吏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)逃(tao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。”問(wen)題值得深思(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)：由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)社會(hui)風氣(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)，就會(hui)使是(shi)非顛倒(dao)，黑白不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)壞風氣(qi)，腐蝕人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)很(hen)深，千(qian)萬不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)低估。那(nei)(nei)些貪官(guan)，反被(bei)社會(hui)上(shang)(shang)視為(wei)“能(neng)(neng)吏”。“市(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)慕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鄉(xiang)黨(dang)(dang)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教(jiao)子(zi)弟者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)勸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。反之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，那(nei)(nei)些廉吏，反被(bei)社會(hui)上(shang)(shang)視為(wei)“無(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)”。“市(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)賤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鄉(xiang)黨(dang)(dang)笑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教(jiao)子(zi)弟者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)戒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄十(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)感慨(kai)地(di)說(shuo)：“蓋(gai)貪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錮人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)甚(shen)矣！”那(nei)(nei)么，到(dao)底如(ru)何治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)，如(ru)何改變這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風呢(ni)？依(yi)照唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思(si)，必(bi)(bi)須由上(shang)(shang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)地(di)來(lai)改變這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)風氣(qi)。“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君能(neng)(neng)儉，則(ze)百官(guan)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，庶民(min)(min)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就正(zheng)如(ru)孟(meng)子(zi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)好(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)下(xia)(xia)必(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)甚(shen)焉(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)矣。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)教(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)來(lai)移風易俗。當(dang)然(ran)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)想(xiang)法(fa)基本上(shang)(shang)是(shi)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但(dan)是(shi)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理解，在(zai)(zai)封(feng)建社會(hui)中，使統治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)階(jie)級及其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)追隨者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)們(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)剝削(xue)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)根本辦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)為(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)所(suo)(suo)(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)級所(suo)(suo)(suo)決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)志為(wei)轉(zhuan)移的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。退一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步說(shuo)，即使能(neng)(neng)做到(dao)上(shang)(shang)行下(xia)(xia)效(xiao)，在(zai)(zai)階(jie)級社會(hui)中，小商品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)本身(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)兩極(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)化(hua)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄所(suo)(suo)(suo)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，重(zhong)在(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)民(min)(min)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“立國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道無(wu)(wu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，惟在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。自(zi)古未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)國(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。夫富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)編戶(hu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)府(fu)庫(ku)。若編戶(hu)空虛，雖(sui)府(fu)庫(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)積如(ru)丘山(shan)，實為(wei)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)國(guo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)國(guo)矣。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較強烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新興市(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟蒙思(si)想(xiang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)看到(dao)財(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)積累的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性，但(dan)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)對生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)料為(wei)誰所(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題上(shang)(shang)，認(ren)識(shi)是(shi)極(ji)(ji)模糊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)：“千(qian)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)惠戚(qi)友，五倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)惠鄰(lin)里，十(shi)(shi)倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)惠鄉(xiang)黨(dang)(dang)，百倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)惠國(guo)邑；天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)惠天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)。”他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)“為(wei)政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，必(bi)(bi)先田(tian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。”只要(yao)“農(nong)安(an)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)田(tian)，賈(jia)安(an)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)”則(ze)“財(cai)用(yong)(yong)足(zu)(zu)”。否則(ze)“農(nong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)田(tian)，賈(jia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)必(bi)(bi)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)，雖(sui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時代局限性，但(dan)看法(fa)閎肆峭勁，盲(mang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢言，自(zi)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，當(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)愧。
唐甄(zhen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)物質經濟(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活，除(chu)谷物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產外，在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)，林，牧、副(fu)(fu)，漁中(zhong)，他(ta)(ta)尤重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)養蠶(can)(can)業(ye)。這(zhe)和他(ta)(ta)曾任長子縣知縣以及(ji)他(ta)(ta)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)事物的(de)哲學(xue)觀(guan)是(shi)(shi)分不(bu)(bu)(bu)開的(de)。《教蠶(can)(can)》云(yun)：“吳(wu)絲衣天下(xia)，聚(ju)于(yu)雙林，吳(wu)越閩番至于(yu)海島，皆(jie)來市焉(yan)。五月，載銀(yin)而(er)(er)至，委積如(ru)(ru)瓦礫(li)。吳(wu)南諸鄉。歲有(you)(you)(you)(you)百十(shi)萬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)益(yi)。是(shi)(shi)以雖賦重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)困窮(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)，民(min)未至于(yu)空虛，室(shi)廬(lu)舟楫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繁庶，勝于(yu)他(ta)(ta)所(suo)(suo)。此蠶(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚也(ye)。四(si)月務蠶(can)(can)，無(wu)(wu)男女老幼，蘋力靡他(ta)(ta)。無(wu)(wu)稅無(wu)(wu)荒，以三(san)旬(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞(lao)。無(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)四(si)時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu)，而(er)(er)半其(qi)(qi)利(li)。此蠶(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可貴也(ye)。”可見他(ta)(ta)十(shi)分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)蠶(can)(can)桑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)。他(ta)(ta)認為，養蠶(can)(can)“以三(san)旬(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞(lao)，無(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu)，而(er)(er)半其(qi)(qi)利(li)。”也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說，只(zhi)花費三(san)十(shi)天的(de)勞(lao)動，就(jiu)可獲得半于(yu)耕種(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)。因(yin)(yin)此，他(ta)(ta)主張，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可廢海內(nei)(nei)無(wu)(wu)窮(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)，使(shi)民(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得厚其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。他(ta)(ta)接著說：“三(san)代(dai)以下(xia)，廢海內(nei)(nei)無(wu)(wu)窮(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)，使(shi)民(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得厚其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，乃(nai)(nai)患民(min)貪(tan)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)財無(wu)(wu)術。是(shi)(shi)猶家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)寶藏(zang)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知發，而(er)(er)汲汲臘腌果蔬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)鬻也(ye)。盍亦(yi)謀諸此與(yu)！吾欲使(shi)桑偏海內(nei)(nei)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)禾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)必有(you)(you)(you)(you)桑焉(yan)！然(ran)亦(yi)非易(yi)也(ye)！”其(qi)(qi)原因(yin)(yin)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)“安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)難創，習之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慣者(zhe)(zhe)難作。約法而(er)(er)民(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)信，施(shi)教而(er)(er)民(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)從，則(ze)(ze)樹殖亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可就(jiu)。”欲達到(dao)家(jia)家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)桑可種(zhong)，則(ze)(ze)必須除(chu)政府帶頭(tou)提(ti)倡外，要(yao)獎(jiang)(jiang)勤罰(fa)懶。對人民(min)群眾獎(jiang)(jiang)懲的(de)標準，不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)依據領導的(de)好(hao)惡，而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)取(qu)決生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)好(hao)壞(huai)。勤者(zhe)(zhe)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產多，則(ze)(ze)獎(jiang)(jiang)勵；惰者(zhe)(zhe)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產少(shao)，則(ze)(ze)懲罰(fa)。賞罰(fa)嚴明，自然(ran)會(hui)促進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)提(ti)高(gao)，副(fu)(fu)業(ye)的(de)發展(zhan)，對國民(min)經濟(ji)的(de)促進有(you)(you)(you)(you)直接的(de)關系。要(yao)做到(dao)這(zhe)些，首先(xian)要(yao)人盡(jin)(jin)其(qi)(qi)勞(lao)，地(di)盡(jin)(jin)其(qi)(qi)利(li)。然(ran)后才能(neng)談到(dao)推廣合理密植。改進蠶(can)(can)種(zhong)繅(sao)絲等(deng)。在(zai)江南一帶，大都為桑蠶(can)(can)種(zhong)場，不(bu)(bu)(bu)象山東，河南，還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)很(hen)多的(de)柞蠶(can)(can)種(zhong)場及(ji)蓖麻(ma)蠶(can)(can)種(zhong)場。這(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)因(yin)(yin)地(di)制宜。唐甄(zhen)是(shi)(shi)一個重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)思想家(jia)，他(ta)(ta)十(shi)分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)勤勞(lao)致富(fu)。唐甄(zhen)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)思想，和清代(dai)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)(ta)人比較起來，思想還(huan)是(shi)(shi)比較解放(fang)的(de)。其(qi)(qi)言經濟(ji)則(ze)(ze)注重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產，棉桑樹牧富(fu)民(min)為先(xian)，返樸崇儉，無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)益(yi)于(yu)經國濟(ji)世。誠(cheng)如(ru)(ru)張廷樞所(suo)(suo)說：“其(qi)(qi)文馳騁反復，如(ru)(ru)列子御風，翩然(ran)騫(qian)舉，又如(ru)(ru)淮陰將兵(bing)，多多益(yi)善。本其(qi)(qi)自得于(yu)心者(zhe)(zhe)，暢所(suo)(suo)欲言，無(wu)(wu)艱難勞(lao)苦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)態，而(er)(er)與(yu)道大適。”實乃(nai)(nai)公允之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)。
唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)重視(shi)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)反對過去傳統的(de)(de)(de)抑商(shang)(shang)政(zheng)策。在唐(tang)氏看(kan)來，商(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)地位，并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)比農(nong)(nong)民(min)低些(xie)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)自(zi)己(ji)就經(jing)營(ying)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。而且并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)卑。下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)面是(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)自(zi)己(ji)在現身說(shuo)法：“有(you)言(yan)經(jing)可賈(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)賤鬻(yu)其田(tian)，得六十余(yu)金，使(shi)衷及原(yuan)販(fan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)震澤，賣(mai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)吳市(shi)(shi)，有(you)少利焉(yan)。己(ji)而經(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得失不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)常，乃遷于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)城東，虛其堂，己(ji)居于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)內不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，使(shi)衷原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)矛，主經(jing)客(ke)，有(you)少利焉(yan)。在唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)看(kan)來，經(jing)商(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牙，亦救死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術，沒有(you)什么不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)體面的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)，至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)社會上的(de)(de)(de)陳舊看(kan)法，說(shuo)什么“民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)道，土為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貴(gui)，農(nong)(nong)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，惟(wei)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)利也(ye)。是(shi)(shi)故君子不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)貨(huo)(huo)幣，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)問(wen)贏絀。一(yi)(yi)涉(she)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)，謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)風，必(bi)深恥(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”又(you)說(shuo)什么“夫賈(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，牙為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尤(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種賤視(shi)商(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同意的(de)(de)(de)。既(ji)然呂尚可以(yi)賣(mai)飯于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)盂津，那(nei)么唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牙于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)吳市(shi)(shi)，又(you)有(you)什么不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可呢?“其義(yi)一(yi)(yi)也(ye)”。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)每(mei)以(yi)田(tian)市(shi)(shi)并(bing)列，農(nong)(nong)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)并(bing)稱。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)在《達政(zheng)》中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)：“養民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)政(zheng)，十有(you)八(ba)焉(yan)：勸(quan)農(nong)(nong)豐谷，土田(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)荒蕪，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上善(shan)政(zheng)一(yi)(yi)。……居貨(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)棄(qi)商(shang)(shang)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)如(ru)歸(gui)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)善(shan)政(zheng)一(yi)(yi)……學校殿(dian)廡常新，春(chun)秋(qiu)享(xiang)祀必(bi)敬，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)善(shan)政(zheng)一(yi)(yi)。……”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可以(yi)反映唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)對善(shan)政(zheng)看(kan)法是(shi)(shi)有(you)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)標準的(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)把“居貨(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺，商(shang)(shang)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)如(ru)歸(gui)”列為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)善(shan)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)又(you)在《太(tai)子》篇(pian)內這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)說(shuo)，“凡教太(tai)子，觀(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)桑，則(ze)知衣服所(suo)自(zi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，觀(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肆，則(ze)知器用所(suo)自(zi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。凡教太(tai)子，過市(shi)(shi)，則(ze)見販(fan)鬻(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞，在途，則(ze)見負擔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞。……”如(ru)果(guo)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)輕視(shi)工(gong)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)，又(you)怎樣(yang)(yang)會這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)說(shuo)呢?他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)肯定了商(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)有(you)“販(fan)鬻(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞”的(de)(de)(de)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)觀(guan)點是(shi)(shi)在十七世紀(ji)上半(ban)期形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)時期，正是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)社會劇烈變化的(de)(de)(de)時代。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)時資(zi)(zi)本(ben)主義(yi)萌芽(ya)的(de)(de)(de)最初形(xing)態，已(yi)稀疏地出(chu)(chu)(chu)現.在東南沿海(hai)一(yi)(yi)帶一(yi)(yi)些(xie)個(ge)別城市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)手工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)部門中(zhong)(zhong)，然后緩慢(man)地通過這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)或那(nei)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式滲透(tou)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)部門中(zhong)(zhong)。在歐洲，人(ren)(ren)們(men)見到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)‘資(zi)(zi)本(ben)主義(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式開始于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)手工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，只是(shi)(shi)到(dao)后來才(cai)使(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)從屑于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)己(ji)。”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)情況，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)亦毫無例(li)外。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)正處在這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)時期，因此(ci)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)思想(xiang)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)打著時代的(de)(de)(de)烙印。
唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)觀，充分(fen)(fen)表露在(zai)(zai)他(ta)所(suo)(suo)(suo)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)《更幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)》、《存(cun)言》等篇中。為(wei)了(le)弄清(qing)清(qing)朝(chao)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)經(jing)濟思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)龍去脈(mo)，有(you)(you)必(bi)要(yao)把他(ta)所(suo)(suo)(suo)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)代(dai)背景作一(yi)(yi)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)回顧。清(qing)朝(chao)入關后(hou)(hou)，給東南(nan)沿海一(yi)(yi)帶人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)帶來(lai)了(le)極其沉(chen)(chen)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)災難(nan)(nan)。這(zhe)(zhe)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)引(yin)(yin)起(qi)廣(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反抗斗爭，而(er)(er)(er)且(qie)持續達數(shu)(shu)十年之(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu)。江南(nan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反剃發(fa)斗爭，閩廣(guang)(guang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反遷(qian)海斗爭，引(yin)(yin)起(qi)巨烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方動亂，貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)貶(bian)值，物(wu)價高漲，民(min)(min)(min)風日玩，尊(zun)稱漸褻。特別是(shi)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群眾日常生活(huo)有(you)(you)血肉相(xiang)連的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)價問(wen)題與貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)問(wen)題，成為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)群眾最為(wei)關心的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)對貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)主(zhu)張用(yong)(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)而(er)(er)(er)廢(fei)(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。他(ta)說(shuo)：“古者(zhe)(zhe)言富(fu)，唯在(zai)(zai)五谷(gu)；至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)龜、貝、金(jin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、刀布之(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。其后(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)三(san)品，亦(yi)重(zhong)在(zai)(zai)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。后(hou)(hou)乃(nai)專以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，而(er)(er)(er)珠、玉、龜、貝、銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、錫之(zhi)(zhi)屬，但(dan)為(wei)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。自明(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)，乃(nai)專以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)日益少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充世(shi)用(yong)(yong)。有(you)(you)千金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)常旬月(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)銖兩；谷(gu)賤不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)飯，肉贖(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)食(shi)，布帛(bo)(bo)賤不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)衣，鬻谷(gu)肉布帛(bo)(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)卒不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)衣食(shi)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)故(gu)也(ye)。”銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)價昂；價昂，則(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)百貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，百貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)良賈失(shi)業(ye)?良賈失(shi)業(ye)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場蕭條(tiao)。最終(zhong)是(shi)引(yin)(yin)起(qi)經(jing)濟恐慌(huang)和惡性(xing)循環。他(ta)說(shuo)：“當今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，無人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)窮，非窮于(yu)(yu)(yu)財(cai)，窮于(yu)(yu)(yu)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)楓(feng)橋之(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)，粟麥壅積，南(nan)濠之(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。百貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)；良賈失(shi)業(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)旋歸。萬(wan)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)家，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)五七年而(er)(er)(er)為(wei)宴人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)，子既(ji)數(shu)(shu)見(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。”其實(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)問(wen)題，許多(duo)啟蒙思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)家和唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)觀點(dian)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。顧炎(yan)武(wu)(wu)就這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)說(shuo)過(guo)：“唐(tang)宋以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)，上下(xia)通(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)，一(yi)(yi)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)而(er)(er)(er)已，未嘗用(yong)(yong)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。”顧氏主(zhu)張，實(shi)(shi)與唐(tang)氏相(xiang)同。此外顧氏尚有(you)(you)《明(ming)(ming)(ming)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)法論》、《以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)賦》等，皆(jie)(jie)主(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。為(wei)什么唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)反對用(yong)(yong)白銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作為(wei)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)呢?根據唐(tang)氏的(de)(de)(de)(de)看法，其理(li)由有(you)(you)三(san)：一(yi)(yi)，白銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)缺少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠周轉。正如上文(wen)所(suo)(suo)(suo)言，“至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)日益少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充世(shi)用(yong)(yong)，”如此等等。二，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)易(yi)(yi)(yi)窖(jiao)藏，民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)。“夫財(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)害在(zai)(zai)聚，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)，易(yi)(yi)(yi)聚之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)也(ye)，范為(wei)圜定，旋絲白燦，人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)貪愛。……蓋(gai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)聚，如水歸壑。”三(san)、銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)錫之(zhi)(zhi)屬，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)為(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。他(ta)認為(wei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)只可(ke)(ke)為(wei)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)為(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。此與顧炎(yan)武(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)言同。依(yi)照(zhao)唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)觀點(dian)，應當廢(fei)(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谷(gu)為(wei)本以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)輔之(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)其市(shi)(shi)(shi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。”他(ta)認為(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)獨行(xing)(xing)(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，還(huan)要(yao)大(da)(da)量(liang)鑄(zhu)制，大(da)(da)量(liang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，他(ta)對市(shi)(shi)(shi)場上貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)收縮(suo)，十分(fen)(fen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滿。他(ta)說(shuo)：“今(jin)雖用(yong)(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)魚肉果(guo)蔬(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，米石(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上，布帛(bo)(bo)匹以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上，則(ze)(ze)(ze)必(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，涓涓細(xi)流(liu)(liu)，奚補于(yu)(yu)(yu)世(shi)?!錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)，泉也(ye)，必(bi)如江河(he)之(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)而(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)博(bo)濟也(ye)。”但(dan)是(shi)，就唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)觀來(lai)看，他(ta)本身也(ye)是(shi)矛盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)主(zhu)張廢(fei)(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。這(zhe)(zhe)和西歐重(zhong)商主(zhu)義者(zhe)(zhe)重(zhong)視金(jin)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)成鮮明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對比。但(dan)他(ta)又希望市(shi)(shi)(shi)場上貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)籌碼要(yao)多(duo)些，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)死氣沉(chen)(chen)沉(chen)(chen)。既(ji)要(yao)金(jin)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)充斥(chi)，也(ye)要(yao)緡錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)增多(duo)。這(zhe)(zhe)就使(shi)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)困惑之(zhi)(zhi)中。如果(guo)我們深入探(tan)刻(ke)唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)難(nan)(nan)發(fa)現，他(ta)除主(zhu)張廢(fei)(fei)除白銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外，還(huan)主(zhu)張貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)工(gong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)和實(shi)(shi)物(wu)工(gong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)并(bing)用(yong)(yong)。“凡祿九個(ge)石(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)，皆(jie)(jie)令(ling)(ling)(ling)受(shou)粟。度(du)宮朝(chao)官軍之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)，皆(jie)(jie)令(ling)(ling)(ling)輸，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)粟而(er)(er)(er)給之(zhi)(zhi)。其在(zai)(zai)州郡縣，常賦皆(jie)(jie)令(ling)(ling)(ling)輸。凡祿三(san)千石(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)，皆(jie)(jie)令(ling)(ling)(ling)受(shou)粟。度(du)城郭兵(bing)役之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)，皆(jie)(jie)今(jin)輸緡，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)附錄而(er)(er)(er)給之(zhi)(zhi)。其在(zai)(zai)邊防、內屯(tun)、將祿、卒食(shi)、皆(jie)(jie)令(ling)(ling)(ling)受(shou)粟。度(du)甲胄衣履(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)，皆(jie)(jie)令(ling)(ling)(ling)運(yun)緡，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)附栗(li)而(er)(er)(er)給之(zhi)(zhi)。”唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)廢(fei)(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，沒有(you)(you)考慮到(dao)(dao)（1）“錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)重(zhong)難(nan)(nan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，民(min)(min)(min)商必(bi)病。”(2)“銅不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)采，又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(3)“民(min)(min)(min)欲難(nan)(nan)拂，俗尚難(nan)(nan)移。”同時(shi)，處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)封建晚期的(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)清(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)際(ji)，貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)地(di)租正在(zai)(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)破竹之(zhi)(zhi)勢向前(qian)發(fa)展，而(er)(er)(er)唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)卻強調“實(shi)(shi)物(wu)地(di)租”的(de)(de)(de)(de)借尸還(huan)魂，這(zhe)(zhe)就很難(nan)(nan)使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)理(li)解了(le)。當然(ran)，在(zai)(zai)整個(ge)清(qing)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史長河(he)中，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)思(si)(si)潮也(ye)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)孤(gu)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)；唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)批判思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及他(ta)所(suo)(suo)(suo)蘊育出的(de)(de)(de)(de)近代(dai)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些清(qing)代(dai)學者(zhe)(zhe)都起(qi)到(dao)(dao)了(le)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。
《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)》（1705）是(shi)唐(tang)甄遺世的(de)(de)(de)(de)唯一著作(zuo)，也是(shi)他(ta)最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)著作(zuo)。起初(chu)名(ming)叫《衡(heng)書(shu)(shu)》，初(chu)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)只有13篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，署名(ming)唐(tang)大(da)陶。后來逐漸增(zeng)加到97篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，并改名(ming)《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)》，署名(ming)唐(tang)甄。唐(tang)甄在(zai)其(qi)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《潛(qian)存》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)中(zhong)說，他(ta)撰述此(ci)書(shu)(shu)“歷三十年(nian)(nian)(nian)，累而(er)(er)存之，分(fen)為(wei)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。言(yan)(yan)學者(zhe)系于(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，凡五十篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；言(yan)(yan)治(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)系于(yu)(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，號日《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)》。上(shang)(shang)觀天(tian)道，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)察人事，遠正古跡(ji)，近度今(jin)宜，根于(yu)(yu)心而(er)(er)致之行(xing)，如在(zai)其(qi)位(wei)而(er)(er)謀其(qi)政(zheng)(zheng)”。據有關資料考(kao)證，《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)刊刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)時間是(shi)清康熙四十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1705)，由唐(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)女婿(xu)王聞遠刊刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)行(xing)于(yu)(yu)世，這是(shi)最(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)。此(ci)后有1883年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)李(li)氏刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)和1905年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鄧氏刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)，均是(shi)原(yuan)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)翻版。新(xin)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)有中(zhong)華書(shu)(shu)局出版的(de)(de)(de)(de)1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)版本(ben)(ben)，1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)又出版了增(zeng)訂本(ben)(ben)，1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)又第4次印刷。《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)》是(shi)唐(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文集(ji)，在(zai)體(ti)例上(shang)(shang)模仿漢代王充的(de)(de)(de)(de)《論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)衡(heng)》。全書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)不(bu)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)引經(jing)注典，更不(bu)同于(yu)(yu)漢后諸儒(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文字章句(ju)之學，而(er)(er)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)針對時弊(bi)，吸(xi)取明末(mo)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)腐敗導致農(nong)民(min)起義的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)訓，提(ti)出一系列(lie)抨(peng)擊君(jun)權專制(zhi)和倡導以(yi)民(min)為(wei)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進步的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)觀點和主(zhu)(zhu)張，旨在(zai)善(shan)(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)養民(min)，摒棄程(cheng)朱(zhu)理學，以(yi)實學濟世扶(fu)危(wei)，治(zhi)(zhi)國平天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)》97篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，分(fen)上(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，上(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)又分(fen)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)兩(liang)部分(fen)，上(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)共(gong)21篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)“辨儒(ru)(ru)”至(zhi)“勸(quan)(quan)學”；上(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)共(gong)29篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)“取善(shan)(shan)”至(zhi)“博觀”。下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)亦(yi)分(fen)為(wei)上(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)兩(liang)部分(fen)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)“尚治(zhi)(zhi)”至(zhi)“柅(ni)政(zheng)(zheng)”共(gong)24篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)自(zi)(zi)(zi)“惰貧”至(zhi)“潛(qian)存”共(gong)23篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。全書(shu)(shu)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文，一部分(fen)是(shi)教(jiao)育(yu)著作(zuo)。論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)述教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有：辨儒(ru)(ru)、宗(zong)孟、法(fa)王、知(zhi)行(xing)、性才(cai)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)明、敬修、講學、勸(quan)(quan)學、取善(shan)(shan)、五經(jing)、得師、太子、明悌、誨子、博觀、用賢、教(jiao)蠶、全學、審知(zhi)等諸篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。
《潛書》上述(shu)諸教育(yu)篇(pian)所(suo)闡述(shu)的教育(yu)主張，是以其反對君權專(zhuan)制政(zheng)治和宋明理學(xue)(xue)空談(tan)心性學(xue)(xue)風(feng)為基(ji)礎的，表現出(chu)鮮明的民主政(zheng)治傾(qing)向和崇尚(shang)尊重(zhong)個性與實學(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)風(feng)的價值(zhi)取向。《潛書》教育(yu)篇(pian)章中，論(lun)述(shu)的教育(yu)主張主要有如下幾個方(fang)面：
重釋儒教
其一，以“盡性達才”、“明功(gong)辨義”的(de)觀(guan)點重新解釋(shi)儒家(jia)教育的(de)目(mu)的(de)與(yu)作用。
在《辨儒(ru)(ru)》篇(pian)中，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)指出：“圣賢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，因時而(er)(er)(er)(er)變，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)救其(qi)(qi)(qi)失也”。儒(ru)(ru)家(jia)學(xue)(xue)(xue)說是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)道計功(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)世治(zhi)的(de)(de)，“儒(ru)(ru)者不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)觀點是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)歪曲。“儒(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)貴(gui)者，能(neng)(neng)(neng)定亂(luan)、除暴(bao)、安(an)(an)百姓也”，如果事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立，儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)又有(you)(you)什么用(yong)(yong)呢？他(ta)(ta)批(pi)(pi)評(ping)宋代以(yi)(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)所(suo)謂儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)，空事(shi)圣人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)“樹(shu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)則(ze)(ze)無聞焉”。什么叫做功(gong)(gong)(gong)呢？唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)兵、農、刑(xing)、谷(gu)利于(yu)(yu)百姓，能(neng)(neng)(neng)治(zhi)亂(luan)安(an)(an)邦，能(neng)(neng)(neng)使(shi)百姓安(an)(an)居(ju)樂，能(neng)(neng)(neng)“廣濟天(tian)(tian)下”，即是(shi)(shi)實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)。針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)宋明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)只講修心養性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，以(yi)(yi)致“端居(ju)恭默(mo)”、“無所(suo)施(shi)張(zhang)”、空知(zhi)無行(xing)的(de)(de)流(liu)弊，指出光知(zhi)“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)德(de)(de)”而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才”是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)真諦的(de)(de)。所(suo)謂“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才”就是(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)“良(liang)知(zhi)”的(de)(de)“自修”，由道德(de)(de)本體之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“心”所(suo)煥(huan)發(fa)并作用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)客觀事(shi)物的(de)(de)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)。“如火(huo)有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)有(you)(you)光”。光的(de)(de)大小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和(he)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)暗不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，人的(de)(de)“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才”亦有(you)(you)大小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，但(dan)作為(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)來(lai)講，唯在“盡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)達(da)才”。他(ta)(ta)認為(wei)：“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)統天(tian)(tian)地(di)，備萬物。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)相天(tian)(tian)地(di)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)育(yu)(yu)(yu)萬物，于(yu)(yu)彼有(you)(you)闕，即己有(you)(you)闕”。“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)才，故無不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周(zhou)。何(he)以(yi)(yi)圣人乃能(neng)(neng)(neng)周(zhou)世，后儒(ru)(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)周(zhou)身？蓋(gai)善(shan)修則(ze)(ze)周(zhou)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)善(shan)修則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周(zhou)”。宋明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)只講“盡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)“盡才”，故無實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)可樹(shu)。他(ta)(ta)說：“后世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)政者，心不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，則(ze)(ze)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)；事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)，則(ze)(ze)所(suo)見(jian)多(duo)乖，所(suo)行(xing)多(duo)泥。徒抱空性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，終于(yu)(yu)自廢(fei)，何(he)以(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)!”在理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)上批(pi)(pi)評(ping)宋明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)心性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)修養論(lun)是(shi)(shi)一種未能(neng)(neng)(neng)“盡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)達(da)才”的(de)(de)錯誤教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)，并指出這種教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)踐是(shi)(shi)棄“仁(ren)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)。相反，陽明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)“致良(liang)知(zhi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)，“一以(yi)(yi)貫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)如日月，涉(she)險履(lv)危，四通(tong)(tong)八辟而(er)(er)(er)(er)無礙也。其(qi)(qi)(qi)見(jian)于(yu)(yu)行(xing)事(shi)者，使(shi)人各(ge)當其(qi)(qi)(qi)才，慮(lv)事(shi)各(ge)得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)宜；處患難(nan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)(neng)全其(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)，遇(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失其(qi)(qi)(qi)正(zheng)，委(wei)蛇自遂，卒保(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)”，是(shi)(shi)“盡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)達(da)才”“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)功(gong)(gong)(gong)辨義”的(de)(de)真儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)主(zhu)張(zhang)廢(fei)宋明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)程(cheng)朱理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)，代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)陽明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)致良(liang)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)，這一主(zhu)張(zhang)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)末(mo)清初所(suo)奉行(xing)的(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)獨尊文教(jiao)(jiao)政策的(de)(de)一個挑戰，反映了他(ta)(ta)對(dui)(dui)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)價值觀的(de)(de)改造。
教育目標
其(qi)二，提(ti)出“全(quan)學”教(jiao)育(yu)內(nei)容，把(ba)傳統(tong)學校教(jiao)學內(nei)容由單純(chun)的書本知識擴大到現實生活與生產以及軍(jun)事知識技(ji)能(neng)范圍，以培養(yang)“全(quan)學人”為教(jiao)育(yu)目標。
在(zai)《全(quan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》篇(pian)，唐甄指出：“學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)善(shan)獨(du)身，居平世，仁義(yi)足矣，而非(fei)全(quan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)”。所謂“全(quan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)”，即包括仁、義(yi)、兵(bing)三方面(mian)的(de)內(nei)容(rong)。仁與義(yi)是歷來(lai)儒家(jia)特別(bie)是宋明理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)所提倡(chang)的(de)，但兵(bing)則(ze)為(wei)(wei)儒者(zhe)所不(bu)齒。唐甄說：“君子之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)，不(bu)可以(yi)不(bu)知(zhi)兵(bing)”。“不(bu)知(zhi)兵(bing)，則(ze)仁義(yi)無(wu)(wu)用(yong)，而國(guo)(guo)因以(yi)亡(wang)矣”。他(ta)(ta)批(pi)(pi)評宋明理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育只(zhi)講仁義(yi)而恥(chi)于言(yan)兵(bing)，結果(guo)忠臣孝子雖多(duo)，但一遇社稷不(bu)幸，“君臣震懾(she)”，為(wei)(wei)“不(bu)仁”、“不(bu)義(yi)”者(zhe)虜(lu)，國(guo)(guo)破家(jia)亡(wang)。由此(ci)，他(ta)(ta)說：“所貴乎儒者(zhe)，伐暴而天下之(zhi)(zhi)暴除(chu)，誅亂而天下之(zhi)(zhi)亂定，養(yang)(yang)民而天下之(zhi)(zhi)民安”。在(zai)《教(jiao)蠶(can)》篇(pian)中，唐甄認為(wei)(wei)三代以(yi)下，官吏不(bu)知(zhi)教(jiao)民田桑(sang)(sang)，“廢海內(nei)無(wu)(wu)窮(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)利(li)，使(shi)民不(bu)得厚其生(sheng)，乃(nai)患民貧，生(sheng)財無(wu)(wu)術”。有鑒如此(ci)，他(ta)(ta)主張廣教(jiao)民學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習種桑(sang)(sang)養(yang)(yang)蠶(can)以(yi)及飼繅之(zhi)(zhi)法，使(shi)“有禾之(zhi)(zhi)土必(bi)有桑(sang)(sang)焉(yan)”。在(zai)《勸學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》篇(pian)中，他(ta)(ta)批(pi)(pi)評后世儒者(zhe)，將儒家(jia)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)說裂為(wei)(wei)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、事功、道學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)殊途，“習為(wei)(wei)迂闊無(wu)(wu)用(yong)于世，是以(yi)有薄而不(bu)為(wei)(wei)”，喪失了儒學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)及其為(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)根本。他(ta)(ta)反復(fu)強(qiang)調(diao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)致(zhi)用(yong)，應(ying)當把教(jiao)育內(nei)容(rong)擴大到現實政治、生(sheng)產(chan)與生(sheng)活中來(lai)，不(bu)要囿于心(xin)性(xing)道德(de)一途。他(ta)(ta)尖銳指出：“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)五十年(nian)來(lai)，為(wei)(wei)政者(zhe)無(wu)(wu)一人(ren)以(yi)富民為(wei)(wei)事，上言(yan)者(zhe)無(wu)(wu)一人(ren)以(yi)富民為(wei)(wei)言(yan)”，是不(bu)知(zhi)“立國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)道”“惟在(zai)于富”，以(yi)致(zhi)“四海之(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)，日益貧窮(qiong)，農空(kong)、工空(kong)、市空(kong)、仕空(kong)”。因此(ci)他(ta)(ta)主張以(yi)“生(sheng)養(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)道”作為(wei)(wei)教(jiao)育內(nei)容(rong)，移風易俗，使(shi)國(guo)(guo)與家(jia)富強(qiang)。
其(qi)三，提(ti)出尊師(shi)重(zhong)傅以(yi)加(jia)強(qiang)皇太子教(jiao)育的主張(zhang)。
在《得師(shi)》篇中，唐甄(zhen)稱譽伊尹教(jiao)太甲、周公訓成王(wang)，提出“君(jun)德必成于(yu)學，而(er)學必得師(shi)保”的(de)命題。他以為一國政治的(de)好壞往往取決于(yu)君(jun)王(wang)的(de)德智才(cai)學，因此皇太子(zi)的(de)教(jiao)育尤其(qi)重要。如何教(jiao)太子(zi)呢？唐甄(zhen)在《太子(zi)》篇中系統地闡述了有(you)關(guan)教(jiao)育原則與方法：
(1)尊師(shi)(shi)重(zhong)傅(fu)，即天子以身作則(ze)尊重(zhong)師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)，只有樹(shu)立(li)師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)的尊嚴，才能(neng)使太(tai)子抑尊處卑。在(zai)作法上(shang)，打破南面(mian)臨(lin)師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)，把(ba)師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)作為下屬之(zhi)臣看待的傳統，真正使太(tai)子處于學生地位，“進退唯(wei)命”。
(2)讓太子接觸社會實際，“春使視耕，夏使視耘，秋使視獲，冬使視藏”，從而知道生養(yang)之道。除了了解農(nong)業外，還應當觀于(yu)桑、牧、牢、澤、圃(pu)、山、肆、市、道等(deng)，從而知道衣服、車乘、鼎俎、魚鱉、果(guo)蔬、材木、器用等(deng)來之不(bu)易，知道商人(ren)、兵士、勞役等(deng)的勞苦。
(3)注(zhu)意(yi)教育環境，不要(yao)異(yi)宮而(er)處，異(yi)庖(pao)而(er)食(shi)，異(yi)笥而(er)衣，生活上(shang)不搞特殊化(hua)，同時還(huan)要(yao)禁止同宮女、宦(huan)官的接觸，因為女色傷身，宦(huan)官害政(zheng)，這是(shi)明代政(zheng)治腐敗最(zui)慘重的兩個方面。
(4)嚴格要求，“有過必(bi)撻”。唐甄主張(zhang)如果(guo)太子(zi)不接受師教(jiao)，不尊師傅(fu)，不敬不禮大臣(chen)，知(zhi)而不行(xing)，不知(zhi)農事(shi)農窮，不知(zhi)物土人勞，受了教(jiao)育(yu)而無(wu)實(shi)際行(xing)動，都(dou)應當(dang)“撻之(zhi)”。實(shi)行(xing)嚴格教(jiao)育(yu)是使(shi)太子(zi)成(cheng)為治國之(zhi)君(jun)的必(bi)要條件(jian)。
在《得師》篇(pian)中(zhong)指出(chu)，太子身貴(gui)，但“心無貴(gui)賤”，“是故(gu)天(tian)子學同(tong)于(yu)(yu)士，懼而篤學，當百于(yu)(yu)士”。唐甄(zhen)打破(po)君權神授的(de)天(tian)命論，從(cong)建立(li)理(li)想的(de)國家(jia)政治目的(de)出(chu)發，寄希望于(yu)(yu)儲君的(de)教養，在思想和理(li)論上都有超越前人之處。
其(qi)四，提出治化之源(yuan)在于吏(li)治的政(zheng)教思想，批評學校(xiao)教育的局限性。
這一觀點是針對明末東林黨人過份夸大(da)學校教育的(de)政治作用而(er)提出的(de)。東林黨人封(feng)建私塾
顧憲成(cheng)認為興學校以教天下是治亂(luan)之本，學校教育對(dui)(dui)上有正君正職官的(de)作用，對(dui)(dui)下則有“洽于鄉(xiang)里”使“民易使”的(de)效果。所(suo)以他(ta)們(men)主張在野之士廣結盟社(she)，興書(shu)院(yuan)，造成(cheng)一種以學校議(yi)政監政和改變社(she)會的(de)風氣。
唐甄在(zai)《尚治(zhi)》篇中指出(chu)，這種觀點(dian)雖是(shi)“善言”但不(bu)能行。原(yuan)因(yin)在(zai)于“講(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)必樹(shu)黨，樹(shu)黨必爭(zheng)進退，使學(xue)者扳援奔趨而失其本心”。認(ren)為讀書人(ren)(ren)以講(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)來干預(yu)政治(zhi)的想(xiang)法和行動，在(zai)客(ke)觀上根本達不(bu)到目的，相反(fan)只能使“議(yi)論害(hai)治(zhi)”，“使人(ren)(ren)尚浮(fu)夸(kua)而喪其實”。因(yin)為國家政權操縱于皇帝(di)一人(ren)(ren)之手，加之所(suo)御各(ge)級官吏極力維護君主獨裁，所(suo)以知識(shi)分子的力量是(shi)微不(bu)足道(dao)的，學(xue)校教育(yu)的政治(zhi)作用也是(shi)很有局(ju)限的。
在《富民(min)》篇中(zhong)，唐甄指出人民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)貧(pin)窮(qiong)，國(guo)家之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)不(bu)得治，不(bu)是教育(yu)無功，而(er)是貪(tan)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)害不(bu)除(chu)。官(guan)吏之(zhi)(zhi)貪(tan)有甚于(yu)(yu)執刃的盜賊(zei)，“夫盜不(bu)盡人，寇不(bu)盡世，而(er)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)毒于(yu)(yu)貪(tan)吏者，無所(suo)逃于(yu)(yu)天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)間”。
在《考(kao)功(gong)》篇(pian)中指(zhi)出；“天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)官皆棄(qi)民(min)(min)之(zhi)官，天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)事皆棄(qi)民(min)(min)之(zhi)事，是(shi)舉(ju)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)父兄(xiong)子(zi)弟(di)盡推之(zhi)于(yu)溝壑也，欲(yu)得(de)治(zhi)乎？”所(suo)以(yi)，治(zhi)國富民(min)(min)的關鍵在于(yu)整頓(dun)吏治(zhi)，除(chu)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)貪官。但如何(he)達到吏治(zhi)呢？唐甄并(bing)沒(mei)有找到什么有效措(cuo)施，卻又回到教育(yu)問題上來。他(ta)提倡通過教育(yu)使上自君(jun)主(zhu)下(xia)(xia)至百(bai)官要以(yi)民(min)(min)為本，以(yi)身作則，去貪養(yang)廉，論功(gong)舉(ju)賢，足食(shi)以(yi)養(yang)民(min)(min)。顯然，這些也是(shi)一種無能為力的幻想。
總(zong)之(zhi)，《潛書》所(suo)散論的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)思想(xiang)在(zai)很大程度上是(shi)在(zai)政(zheng)治立場和(he)觀(guan)點基(ji)礎(chu)上闡發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，帶(dai)有(you)(you)濃厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)論性(xing)色(se)彩。在(zai)上述觀(guan)點中，提(ti)倡(chang)實學教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容與目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，指陳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)作(zuo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局限性(xing)，以及在(zai)論述教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)與政(zheng)治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)和(he)批評宋明(ming)理(li)學教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)流弊等方面，確有(you)(you)樸素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民主(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)(zhu)義政(zheng)治傾向(xiang)和(he)開創實學教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)風氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。但(dan)在(zai)其他篇章中，唐(tang)甄反(fan)復強調(diao)倫理(li)道德教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)，特(te)別是(shi)在(zai)有(you)(you)關(guan)家教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)方面，表現出(chu)強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禁欲主(zhu)(zhu)義、男(nan)尊女卑、君權至(zhi)尚等傾向(xiang)，加(jia)之(zhi)階級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局限，看不到勞動者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力量，并且著意貶低士林清議政(zheng)治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，流露出(chu)消(xiao)極悲觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情緒。如果(guo)剔除這些(xie)消(xiao)極因(yin)素，在(zai)今(jin).天，《潛書》中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)張對于啟發(fa)人們認識和(he)批判中國傳統教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)是(shi)有(you)(you)幫(bang)助的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
唐甄是清(qing)代初(chu)期重要的(de)社會啟蒙思想家。他的(de)一生“困于遠游，厄于人事”唐甄的(de)思想對后世產生深遠影響
唐甄(zhen)的(de)社會(hui)啟蒙(meng)(meng)思想(xiang)，主(zhu)(zhu)要表(biao)現(xian).在他(ta)(ta)對封(feng)建(jian)專制(zhi)制(zhi)度的(de)深刻批(pi)判(pan)，以及由此(ci)出(chu)發提出(chu)的(de)具有初步民主(zhu)(zhu)意識的(de)政治(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)張。他(ta)(ta)不僅繼承發揚(yang)了(le)明清之(zhi)際啟蒙(meng)(meng)思想(xiang)家的(de)經(jing)世傳統和批(pi)判(pan)精(jing)神，而(er)且具體提出(chu)了(le)救治(zhi)社會(hui)弊端的(de)實際措施。
唐甄的社(she)會政(zheng)治啟蒙思想，首(shou)先表現.在他猛烈抨擊了封建專制制度下的君主(zhu)順治官吏的殘暴罪行，提出了抑制君主(zhu)至尊(zun)權勢(shi)、倡導(dao)社(she)會人(ren)人(ren)平等的政(zheng)治主(zhu)張。
唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)認(ren)為(wei)，在自(zi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)以來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)專(zhuan)制(zhi)制(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)中，至高無(wu)(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主，不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅是掠奪天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)財(cai)富的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)盜賊(zei)，而(er)且(qie)是慘殺(sha)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)命的(de)(de)(de)罪惡兇手(shou)(shou)。他(ta)說(shuo)：“自(zi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)以來(lai)(lai)(lai)，凡為(wei)帝王者(zhe)皆賊(zei)也……殺(sha)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)取其(qi)匹布(bu)斗粟，猶謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)；殺(sha)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)盡其(qi)布(bu)粟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富，而(er)反不(bu)(bu)(bu)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)乎？”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·室(shi)語》）唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)明確而(er)尖銳地指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，封(feng)(feng)建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主至尊權勢的(de)(de)(de)取得和專(zhuan)制(zhi)極(ji)(ji)權的(de)(de)(de)統(tong)治(zhi)，是建(jian)立在殺(sha)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、掠天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)的(de)(de)(de)殘暴(bao)野蠻行為(wei)上的(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，二千多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主專(zhuan)制(zhi)社會(hui)，就是一(yi)部(bu)“殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)如(ru)麻”、“血流漂杵”的(de)(de)(de)悲(bei)慘歷史。他(ta)說(shuo)：“周秦(qin)(qin)(qin)以后，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將豪杰，皆鼓刀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屠人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·止殺(sha)》）“蓋自(zi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)以來(lai)(lai)(lai)，屠殺(sha)二千余年(nian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)究止。嗟(jie)乎！何帝王盜賊(zei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒至于如(ru)此(ci)其(qi)極(ji)(ji)哉！”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·全學》）唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)認(ren)為(wei)，雖然“殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)眾手(shou)(shou)，實天(tian)(tian)(tian)子為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)手(shou)(shou)。”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·室(shi)語》）暴(bao)虐君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主是殘害(hai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)罪魁禍首，他(ta)們并非什(shen)么“德比唐(tang)虞，功過(guo)湯(tang)武”的(de)(de)(de)仁君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)，而(er)是“慘刻少恩，譎詐(zha)無(wu)(wu)實”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·仁師》）的(de)(de)(de)獨夫(fu)民(min)賊(zei)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)揭露說(shuo)，竊(qie)國屠民(min)的(de)(de)(de)殘暴(bao)無(wu)(wu)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主，是導致國家動亂(luan)、民(min)眾涂炭的(de)(de)(de)根源(yuan)。他(ta)說(shuo)，自(zi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)以來(lai)(lai)(lai)，“君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)道(dao)(dao)也多矣(yi)(yi)，民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)樂其(qi)生(sheng)也久矣(yi)(yi)”（《潛書(shu)(shu)(shu)·鮮君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》）。民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)樂其(qi)生(sheng)，源(yuan)于君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)道(dao)(dao)。他(ta)指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)：“治(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)惟君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。治(zhi)亂(luan)非他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所能為(wei)也，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也。”“小人(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“女子寺人(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“奸雄盜賊(zei)”亂(luan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，皆由君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)道(dao)(dao)所致，
“懦君(jun)(jun)(jun)蓄(xu)亂(luan)(luan)，辟君(jun)(jun)(jun)生亂(luan)(luan)，暗君(jun)(jun)(jun)召亂(luan)(luan)，暴(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)激亂(luan)(luan)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·鮮君(jun)(jun)(jun)》）。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)這些(xie)禍國殃民(min)(min)(min)、惡貫滿(man)盈(ying)的(de)封(feng)(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，唐(tang)甄慰藉則厲言(yan)：其(qi)(qi)上(shang)帝使(shi)我治殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)獄，我則有(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。匹夫無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)故而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)一(yi)身抵一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死(si)，斯(si)足矣；有(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)故而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，雖百其(qi)(qi)身不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抵其(qi)(qi)殺(sha)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪。（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·室語(yu)》）他(ta)(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出，即(ji)使(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)極(ji)(ji)刑(xing)去(qu)處死(si)暴(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)昏主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，亦難(nan)(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抵其(qi)(qi)屠戮禍害(hai)(hai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪。唐(tang)甄又無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)情痛斥了(le)專制制度下(xia)的(de)封(feng)(feng)建官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)吏的(de)殘暴(bao)罪行。他(ta)(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出，遍布四(si)海(hai)的(de)貪(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)污(wu)(wu)吏，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu)推行賢明君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)善政(zheng)(zheng)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)且日(ri)夜獵(lie)取天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)民(min)(min)(min)眾的(de)財(cai)富。他(ta)(ta)(ta)們“明于(yu)(yu)(yu)家(jia)(jia)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)昧于(yu)(yu)(yu)國”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·存(cun)言(yan)》），莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀私而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)貪(tan)利(li)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)賢君(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)善政(zheng)(zheng)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)們“上(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)責下(xia)，下(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)蒙(meng)上(shang)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu)躬行實(shi)施，相互欺瞞(man)推諉(wei)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)眾的(de)疾(ji)苦(ku)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)們坐(zuo)視不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)救，棄(qi)置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧，“雖田(tian)園(yuan)荒(huang)蕪(wu)，廬(lu)舍傾(qing)倒，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)顧也(ye)(ye)(ye)；雖父(fu)(fu)兄凍餓，子(zi)弟死(si)亡，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恤也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·柅(ni)政(zheng)(zheng)》）唐(tang)甄指(zhi)出，橫(heng)征(zheng)暴(bao)斂的(de)貪(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)污(wu)(wu)吏，其(qi)(qi)害(hai)(hai)甚于(yu)(yu)(yu)窮兇極(ji)(ji)惡殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)越貸的(de)盜(dao)賊匪寇。他(ta)(ta)(ta)說：穴墻而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能發人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)藏(zang)；群刃而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能奪人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)宅；御旅(lv)于(yu)(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能破人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)室；寇至誅焚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能窮山谷(gu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)遍四(si)海(hai)。彼為吏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，星列于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)，日(ri)夜獵(lie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)……如填壑谷(gu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可滿(man)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫盜(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，寇不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)(jin)世(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒于(yu)(yu)(yu)吏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所逃于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·富民(min)(min)(min)》）因(yin)此(ci)，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)寬仁而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)恤民(min)(min)(min)”，四(si)海(hai)民(min)(min)(min)眾仍(reng)困窮，天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)依舊難(nan)(nan)(nan)治理，皆(jie)是“公卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·存(cun)言(yan)》）。他(ta)(ta)(ta)說：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)難(nan)(nan)(nan)治，人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為民(min)(min)(min)難(nan)(nan)(nan)治也(ye)(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知難(nan)(nan)(nan)治者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)民(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)茲庶民(min)(min)(min)，茍非(fei)亂(luan)(luan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，亦唯求其(qi)(qi)所樂，避其(qi)(qi)所苦(ku)，曷嘗好犯上(shang)法以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)與(yu)上(shang)為難(nan)(nan)(nan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)！論政(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)察(cha)所由，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為法令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)行者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)柅(ni)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良，釋官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)罪民(min)(min)(min)，此(ci)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)難(nan)(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)與(yu)言(yan)治與(yu)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·柅(ni)政(zheng)(zheng)》）他(ta)(ta)(ta)進(jin)一(yi)步揭(jie)露說：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)皆(jie)棄(qi)民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事皆(jie)棄(qi)民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，是舉天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)(fu)兄子(zi)弟盡(jin)(jin)推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)溝壑也(ye)(ye)(ye)，欲(yu)治得乎！”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·考功(gong)》）因(yin)此(ci)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)殘害(hai)(hai)棄(qi)虐(nve)百姓的(de)貪(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)污(wu)(wu)吏，必(bi)須盡(jin)(jin)行革除，嚴懲(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)殆，“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刑(xing)狐鼠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刑(xing)豺(chai)狼(lang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)重工業刑(xing)匿狐鼠、養豺(chai)狼(lang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·權實(shi)》），“刑(xing)自(zi)貴(gui)始，自(zi)寵始，自(zi)近始”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·卿牧》）。唐(tang)甄在(zai)對(dui)封(feng)(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)吏的(de)殘暴(bao)罪行的(de)揭(jie)露批判中，深(shen)刻地認(ren)識到，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)道君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)專制統(tong)治，貪(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)污(wu)(wu)吏的(de)橫(heng)征(zheng)暴(bao)斂，導(dao)致了(le)國家(jia)(jia)社(she)會的(de)動(dong)亂(luan)(luan)和(he)四(si)海(hai)民(min)(min)(min)眾的(de)窮困，然其(qi)(qi)最終根(gen)源，則在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)秦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來的(de)封(feng)(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專制的(de)社(she)會制度。因(yin)此(ci)，唐(tang)甄提出了(le)抑(yi)制君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)至尊權勢(shi)、倡導(dao)社(she)會人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)平等的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治啟蒙(meng)思(si)想，闡述了(le)救治現實(shi)社(she)會政(zheng)(zheng)治弊端的(de)具體措(cuo)施。唐(tang)甄徹底否(fou)定了(le)君(jun)(jun)(jun)權神授的(de)傳統(tong)觀(guan)念，提出了(le)抑(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張。他(ta)(ta)(ta)提出，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊，非(fei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地大神也(ye)(ye)(ye)，皆(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)·抑(yi)尊》）。
“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)雖尊(zun)(zun)，亦人(ren)也”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·善游》）。封(feng)(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)什么(me)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)神”，而(er)只是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普通(tong)一(yi)人(ren)。但(dan)是(shi)，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)封(feng)(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)具(ju)有至(zhi)高無上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)地(di)(di)位和(he)總攬一(yi)切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，因(yin)(yin)而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)了“人(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)在(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)上，與帝同(tong)體”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神圣(sheng)光環，出(chu)現了“人(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賤(jian)視其(qi)(qi)(qi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)民(min)(min)(min)(min)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)犬馬(ma)(ma)蟲蟻不(bu)(bu)類于(yu)(yu)(yu)我也”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·抑(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)》）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)威(wei)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)指(zhi)出(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)地(di)(di)位和(he)絕對(dui)權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，必(bi)將(jiang)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun)而(er)自(zi)蔽，賢人(ren)退而(er)治(zhi)道(dao)遠。因(yin)(yin)此，只有抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，才能避免政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)腐敗(bai)黑暗，民(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)遂(sui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)弊(bi)(bi)端(duan)。他認為(wei)(wei)(wei)，抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，首先(xian)要加強提(ti)出(chu)公(gong)(gong)卿民(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)權(quan)(quan)力，允許臣(chen)(chen)(chen)吏諫(jian)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)朝，士人(ren)議政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)，庶(shu)人(ren)謗(bang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)。同(tong)時(shi)，還要在(zai)(zai)(zai)中央(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府設(she)制(zhi)冢宰、司(si)徒、宗伯、司(si)馬(ma)(ma)、司(si)寇、司(si)空的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“六卿”職官(guan)，限制(zhi)和(he)約束君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，使他們(men)敢于(yu)(yu)(yu)“攻(gong)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過”，“攻(gong)宮闈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過”，“攻(gong)帝族、攻(gong)后族、攻(gong)寵(chong)貴”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過。其(qi)(qi)(qi)次，唐(tang)甄(zhen)指(zhi)出(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)必(bi)須自(zi)覺抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尊(zun)(zun)威(wei)權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，“位在(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上者，必(bi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·抑(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)》）。在(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)活動(dong)中，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則(ze)要平(ping)(ping)(ping)等地(di)(di)對(dui)待(dai)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)吏百姓，“接賤(jian)士如(ru)(ru)(ru)見公(gong)(gong)卿，臨匹(pi)夫(fu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)對(dui)上帝”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·善施》），虛(xu)心地(di)(di)接受臣(chen)(chen)(chen)民(min)(min)(min)(min)議政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，“勿己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)，惟道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歸(gui)”，“人(ren)無賢愚(yu)，皆我師也”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·六善》）。在(zai)(zai)(zai)日常生(sheng)活中，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則(ze)要“處(chu)(chu)(chu)身如(ru)(ru)(ru)農夫(fu)，殿陛如(ru)(ru)(ru)田舍，衣食如(ru)(ru)(ru)貧(pin)士”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·尚治(zhi)》），“貴為(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)，亦可以(yi)庶(shu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫(fu)婦(fu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·去(qu)奴(nu)》），與民(min)(min)(min)(min)同(tong)情(qing)，從民(min)(min)(min)(min)所(suo)欲。唐(tang)甄(zhen)嚴(yan)厲(li)地(di)(di)指(zhi)出(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)果不(bu)(bu)能抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)自(zi)己尊(zun)(zun)威(wei)權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，一(yi)味殘(can)暴不(bu)(bu)義，無道(dao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)，那(nei)么(me)，歷(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，必(bi)將(jiang)徹底摧(cui)毀君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)力地(di)(di)位、身家性(xing)命。到時(shi)，“雖九州(zhou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宅，九川(chuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)防，九山為(wei)(wei)(wei)阻，破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)榷雀卵也；雖盡荊蠻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)金以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兵，盡畿省之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)籍以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)卒，推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)蹶弱童也。”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·遠諫(jian)》）唐(tang)甄(zhen)還批判了封(feng)(feng)建綱常倫(lun)(lun)理，提(ti)出(chu)了社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)步民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)思想。他指(zhi)出(chu)，“圣(sheng)人(ren)定尊(zun)(zun)卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分，將(jiang)使順而(er)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非使亢(kang)而(er)遠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·抑(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)》）。但(dan)是(shi)，封(feng)(feng)建專制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)綱、父為(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)綱、夫(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)妻(qi)綱、男尊(zun)(zun)女卑(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)(lun)理綱常，卻完全背離了圣(sheng)人(ren)設(she)尊(zun)(zun)卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分意在(zai)(zai)(zai)“順而(er)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)作用(yong)；而(er)忠孝仁義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“美德”“大(da)(da)(da)倫(lun)(lun)”，卻由于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)們(men)“不(bu)(bu)正其(qi)(qi)(qi)心，不(bu)(bu)得其(qi)(qi)(qi)方(fang)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·破祟(sui)》），而(er)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)致(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)于(yu)(yu)(yu)死地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祟(sui)害。因(yin)(yin)此，唐(tang)甄(zhen)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)封(feng)(feng)建綱常倫(lun)(lun)理道(dao)德，提(ti)出(chu)了大(da)(da)(da)膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懷疑和(he)否定。他指(zhi)出(chu)，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)故平(ping)(ping)(ping)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)則(ze)萬物各得其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)。及其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)也，此厚而(er)彼(bi)薄，此樂而(er)彼(bi)憂”，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)地(di)(di)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等，經濟生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等，倫(lun)(lun)理關(guan)(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等，必(bi)將(jiang)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)亂，人(ren)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)殺。人(ren)生(sheng)來本是(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，圣(sheng)人(ren)設(she)尊(zun)(zun)卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分意在(zai)(zai)(zai)“順而(er)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，但(dan)專制(zhi)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)卻造成(cheng)了人(ren)僮“亢(kang)而(er)遠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”極不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)關(guan)(guan)系。故唐(tang)甄(zhen)強調，人(ren)們(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間，無論是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)、經濟、倫(lun)(lun)理關(guan)(guan)系上，都應當(dang)破除封(feng)(feng)建綱常倫(lun)(lun)理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祟(sui)，實(shi)現君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)、夫(fu)妻(qi)、男女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)關(guan)(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等相(xiang)同(tong)。這樣，才能避免專制(zhi)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弊(bi)(bi)端(duan)危害，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步發展(zhan)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)抨擊封(feng)(feng)建專制(zhi)、倡導(dao)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟蒙思想，反映了當(dang)時(shi)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，具(ju)有進(jin)(jin)(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)作用(yong)。
唐甄的社會啟蒙思想，還表現在他提出了“治道貴致其實”、“清朝社會生活線描圖立國惟在富民”的(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)主張。唐甄(zhen)在自身的(de)社(she)會實踐活(huo)動中，深(shen)刻(ke)地認識到，國家(jia)社(she)會的(de)動亂(luan)黑暗，民眾生活(huo)的(de)艱難困(kun)窮(qiong)(qiong)，就(jiu)在于(yu)統治(zhi)者沒有采取實行、實事、實治(zhi)，以致富于(yu)民的(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)措(cuo)施。民眾生活(huo)的(de)困(kun)窮(qiong)(qiong)原(yuan)因，還(huan)在于(yu)“為(wei)政(zheng)者不以富民為(wei)功”（《潛書·考(kao)功》）。
唐甄《養重》（《潛(qian)書》上(shang)篇下）
茍非(fei)仕而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)祿(lu)，及(ji)公卿敬禮而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)下(xia)耕賈而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)財無(wu)可(ke)(ke)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，必為(wei)(wei)小人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)矣。我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)賈為(wei)(wei)生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)辱(ru)其(qi)身(shen)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)所以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辱(ru)其(qi)身(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。雖然(ran)，身(shen)為(wei)(wei)賈者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)已也(ye)(ye)(ye)。溺(ni)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)附(fu)木，孰如(ru)無(wu)溺(ni)。昔(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)荊州大水，饑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)，張居(ju)正(zheng)為(wei)(wei)政，皆食(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)活之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)時荊州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)二百(bai)余人(ren)(ren)(ren)，賴食(shi)(shi)以(yi)活者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五十人(ren)(ren)(ren)，其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆有(you)田而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)蓄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆無(wu)田而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)蓄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)得(de)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)處于(yu)(yu)居(ju)正(zheng)門下(xia)，大則(ze)貴，小則(ze)富。及(ji)居(ju)正(zheng)沒(mei)，皆禁(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)進用焉。昔(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)蜀有(you)二士(shi)曰(yue)駱純曰(yue)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)正(zheng)，以(yi)文學稱。楊(yang)榮為(wei)(wei)相，使(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)奉書幣(bi)二而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)屬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)布政使(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：駱殷(yin)(yin)(yin)二子(zi)(zi)，蜀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雋士(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，吾懷其(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)久(jiu)矣，君(jun)(jun)其(qi)為(wei)(wei)我致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)駱子(zi)(zi)貧而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)妻，教生(sheng)徒(tu)于(yu)(yu)鄉里，殷(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)富有(you)田園(yuan)蓄牧山林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饒。駱子(zi)(zi)受(shou)書幣(bi)，越三日而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)啟行(xing)。殷(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)辭以(yi)疾，固(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯行(xing)。其(qi)友勸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)，殷(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)：吾非(fei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)楊(yang)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賢(xian)，可(ke)(ke)與為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)，且力(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)進用我也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)富貴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)客也(ye)(ye)(ye)，危疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)居(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，車馬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)我山居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)，公卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祿(lu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)我歲(sui)入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多，舍己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)任人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危，舍己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)受(shou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)待智者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)知(zhi)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)矣。遂終身(shen)隱而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出焉。夫荊士(shi)駱子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)守其(qi)節者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，食(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。殷(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)守其(qi)節者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，食(shi)(shi)足(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。節之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立(li)(li)(li)，由于(yu)(yu)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)。食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，豈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重乎？其(qi)在古昔(xi)(xi)(xi)，諸侯能(neng)(neng)(neng)恭(gong)儉(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，保國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。大夫能(neng)(neng)(neng)恭(gong)儉(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，保家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，何(he)獨不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)？若數口(kou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家，有(you)五十畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田，儉(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)無(wu)饑矣。有(you)百(bai)畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田，儉(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)自(zi)足(zu)(zu)矣。有(you)二百(bai)畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田，儉(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)蓄焉，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)周親戚鄰里矣。顧有(you)此田實難，無(wu)則(ze)固(gu)窮，有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)儉(jian)(jian)守勿失，以(yi)遺(yi)子(zi)(zi)孫。是(shi)立(li)(li)(li)身(shen)垂后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要道(dao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)察也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
批判專制制度
唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)君主專制(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)進行大(da)膽(dan)的(de)(de)揭露和批判。他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)皇帝(di)(di)也是人(ren)，沒有(you)什(shen)么神秘，并指(zhi)出(chu)皇帝(di)(di)是一切(qie)罪惡的(de)(de)根(gen)源，他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)“自秦以來(lai)，凡帝(di)(di)王者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)賊(zei)也”，“殺一人(ren)而取(qu)其匹布斗粟，尤謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)，殺天(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)，而盡有(you)其不布粟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)，而反(fan)不謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)乎？”，他們為(wei)(wei)了(le)奪取(qu)皇位常常無故殺人(ren)，殘害百姓(xing)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)憤然(ran)地(di)說：“川流(liu)潰決，必問為(wei)(wei)防(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),比戶延燒,必罪失(shi)火之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主,至(zhi)于(yu)國(guo)破(po)家亡,流(liu)毒無窮……,非君其誰(shui)乎”(《潛(qian)書·遠(yuan)諫(jian)》)。 唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)出(chu)了(le)“抑尊(zun)”，即(ji)限(xian)制(zhi)君權(quan)的(de)(de)主張(zhang)，要求提(ti)高大(da)臣的(de)(de)地(di)位,使(shi)他們具有(you)同皇帝(di)(di)及其他權(quan)貴(gui)作斗爭的(de)(de)權(quan)力，以“攻君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)”,“攻宮(gong)闈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)”,“攻帝(di)(di)族(zu)、攻后族(zu)、攻寵貴(gui)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)，使(shi)皇帝(di)(di)有(you)所顧忌。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)還發展了(le)產生于(yu)先秦的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)本思(si)想(xiang)，強(qiang)調(diao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)是國(guo)家的(de)(de)根(gen)本，離開了(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)，便沒有(you)國(guo)家的(de)(de)政治(zhi)。他指(zhi)出(chu)，國(guo)防(fang)靠(kao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)來(lai)鞏固(gu)，府庫(ku)靠(kao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)來(lai)充實，朝廷靠(kao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)來(lai)尊(zun)崇，官(guan)員靠(kao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)來(lai)養活。君主只(zhi)有(you)愛(ai)護人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)才能達到長治(zhi)久安(an)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。如果(guo)(guo)無道于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)，縱然(ran)“九(jiu)(jiu)州為(wei)(wei)宅，九(jiu)(jiu)州為(wei)(wei)防(fang)，九(jiu)(jiu)山為(wei)(wei)阻，破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如椎(zhui)雀卵也”(同前(qian))。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)“官(guan)”也進行了(le)猛(meng)烈(lie)抨擊(ji)，他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)下難(nan)治(zhi)，人(ren)們以為(wei)(wei)是民(min)(min)(min)(min)難(nan)治(zhi)，實則不然(ran)，“難(nan)治(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，非民(min)(min)(min)(min)也，官(guan)也。”他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)大(da)多數官(guan)吏“為(wei)(wei)盜臣，為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)賊(zei)”他還提(ti)出(chu)了(le)愛(ai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)、保民(min)(min)(min)(min)、富(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)具體政策，主張(zhang)打擊(ji)貪官(guan)污吏，強(qiang)調(diao)“刑先于(yu)貴(gui)”；呼(hu)吁政府幫助(zhu)農民(min)(min)(min)(min)種值農桑(sang)，發展生產，提(ti)高人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)生活。針對(dui)(dui)當時貧富(fu)懸殊的(de)(de)社會(hui)現象(xiang)，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)出(chu)貧富(fu)要相對(dui)(dui)平(ping)(ping)均的(de)(de)主張(zhang)。他指(zhi)出(chu)“天(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道故平(ping)(ping),平(ping)(ping)則萬物(wu)各得其所”(《潛(qian)書·大(da)命》),否則，必然(ran)引(yin)起社會(hui)動亂。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)還提(ti)倡為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)功利主義，反(fan)對(dui)(dui)理學家們“儒者(zhe)(zhe)不計(ji)其功”的(de)(de)說法(fa)。他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)儒學的(de)(de)可貴(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處就(jiu)在于(yu)它能定亂、除暴、安(an)百姓(xing)。如果(guo)(guo)儒者(zhe)(zhe)不言功，只(zhi)顧自己(ji)，那就(jiu)同一個匹夫匹婦(fu)沒有(you)什(shen)么區(qu)別。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)本思(si)想(xiang)對(dui)(dui)后世(shi)有(you)較(jiao)大(da)影響。
思想的局限性
在(zai)唐(tang)甄(zhen)思想深處，仍(reng)把(ba)國泰(tai)民安的(de)希(xi)望寄(ji)托在(zai)賢明(ming)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)身(shen)上。他說：“天(tian)下之(zhi)主(zhu)在(zai)君(jun)(jun)，君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)主(zhu)在(zai)心。”唐(tang)甄(zhen)提出的(de)為君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)道仍(reng)然沒有跳出儒家的(de)思想圈(quan)子。
歲月靜(jing)好
】編輯(ji)上傳提(ti)供(gong)(gong)，詞(ci)條屬于開放詞(ci)條，當前頁面所展示的詞(ci)條介紹涉(she)及宣傳內容(rong)屬于注冊用戶個人(ren)編輯(ji)行為，與【唐(tang)甄(zhen)】的所屬企業/所有人(ren)/主體無關，網站(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)完全(quan)保證(zheng)內容(rong)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)的準確性、真(zhen)實性，也不(bu)(bu)代表本(ben)站(zhan)(zhan)立場，各(ge)項數(shu)據(ju)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)存在更新(xin)不(bu)(bu)及時的情(qing)況，僅供(gong)(gong)參考，請以官(guan)方發布為準。如果頁面內容(rong)與實際情(qing)況不(bu)(bu)符(fu)，可(ke)點擊(ji)“反饋(kui)”在線向網站(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)出修(xiu)改，網站(zhan)(zhan)將核實后進行更正(zheng)。
反饋
