由于經濟快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),對(dui)能(neng)源的(de)(de)需求(qiu)日益增大(da),其(qi)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力缺(que)口尤(you)其(qi)明顯,此外(wai)嚴峻的(de)(de)環(huan)境污染形勢,迫切需要改(gai)變(bian)能(neng)源格局,改(gai)善生態環(huan)境,對(dui)新能(neng)源與(yu)可再生能(neng)源進(jin)行大(da)規(gui)模的(de)(de)開發(fa)應用。江蘇位于中(zhong)國風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)資源較豐富(fu)區域,沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)尤(you)其(qi)是近海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)資源更為(wei)(wei)豐富(fu),為(wei)(wei)大(da)規(gui)模、超(chao)大(da)規(gui)模海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)創造了巨大(da)空間(jian)。大(da)規(gui)模非(fei)并網(wang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)應用,更是開辟了一條(tiao)中(zhong)國特色風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)多元化發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)之路。文中(zhong)分析了江蘇沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)資源布局及沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)開發(fa)現(xian)狀;在風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)非(fei)并網(wang)理論(lun)指導下,以規(gui)模化制氫和氯(lv)堿產(chan)業為(wei)(wei)例,探討(tao)非(fei)并網(wang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)高載能(neng)產(chan)業間(jian)的(de)(de)鏈(lian)合(he)(he)路徑(jing),并構建相應產(chan)業鏈(lian);依據產(chan)業鏈(lian)合(he)(he)機(ji)制,探討(tao)大(da)規(gui)模非(fei)并網(wang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)業基地(di)建設(she)的(de)(de)實施目標(biao)與(yu)戰(zhan)略(lve)規(gui)劃(hua)。
江蘇(su)位于全國風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)較(jiao)豐(feng)富區(qu),風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分布自沿海(hai)(hai)向內陸(lu)(lu)遞減,沿海(hai)(hai)尤(you)其是近(jin)(jin)海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)域風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)較(jiao)為(wei)豐(feng)富,而內陸(lu)(lu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)相對貧乏。其中,近(jin)(jin)海(hai)(hai)的(de)東(dong)西(xi)連島地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)最(zui)為(wei)豐(feng)富;沿海(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)、長(chang)江三角洲一帶、淮河兩岸、洪澤(ze)湖(hu)(hu)、高(gao)郵湖(hu)(hu)東(dong)部(bu)及東(dong)南部(bu)沼澤(ze)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶、太湖(hu)(hu)東(dong)部(bu),風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)也(ye)較(jiao)為(wei)豐(feng)富;陸(lu)(lu)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主要在(zai)沿海(hai)(hai)灘涂。在(zai)扣除風(feng)(feng)(feng)功(gong)率密度較(jiao)小不具(ju)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)價值和已開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)或規劃開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)為(wei)園區(qu)、港口區(qu)域后,江蘇(su)陸(lu)(lu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電可(ke)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)量為(wei)300萬kW,近(jin)(jin)海(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電可(ke)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)量近(jin)(jin)期為(wei)1000萬kW,遠期為(wei)3000萬kW,合計4300萬kW。可(ke)見,江蘇(su)風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優勢(shi)在(zai)海(hai)(hai)上,海(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)極具(ju)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)潛力。
通(tong)過對風(feng)能資(zi)源、并網條件(jian)、交通(tong)運(yun)輸及環境等(deng)因素綜(zong)合分析,除東(dong)西(xi)連(lian)島地區(qu)因交通(tong)安裝條件(jian)不具備建設(she)大(da)型風(feng)電(dian)場外,其他沿(yan)海地區(qu)的(de)啟東(dong)、通(tong)州、如東(dong)、東(dong)臺、大(da)豐、射陽(yang)、濱海、響水、贛(gan)榆和(he)洪澤湖東(dong)南部(bu)、太湖東(dong)部(bu)都極具開發潛力(li),其中從(cong)射陽(yang)河到長江口的(de)2.4萬平方公(gong)里(li)淺海輻射沙洲具備開發大(da)規模風(feng)電(dian)場的(de)綜(zong)合條件(jian)。目前(qian)江蘇(su)已開展前(qian)期工(gong)作的(de)海上風(feng)電(dian)場規劃(hua)總(zong)裝機(ji)容(rong)量達(da)130萬kW,中遠期規劃(hua)總(zong)裝機(ji)容(rong)量可達(da)600萬kW。
風(feng)電(dian)的(de)間(jian)歇性和波動性會(hui)對電(dian)網(wang)造成很大沖(chong)擊,導致風(feng)電(dian)在電(dian)網(wang)中所占比重難(nan)以超(chao)過(guo)10%,這是一個世界性難(nan)題,嚴重阻礙了風(feng)電(dian)規模化(hua)、產(chan)業化(hua)發(fa)展進(jin)程。應(ying)(ying)對這一難(nan)題,風(feng)電(dian)非并(bing)網(wang)理論(lun)應(ying)(ying)運(yun)而(er)生。非并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)電(dian)指風(feng)電(dian)系統的(de)終(zhong)端負荷不再(zai)是傳統的(de)單一電(dian)網(wang),而(er)是直接應(ying)(ying)用于一系列能(neng)夠適應(ying)(ying)風(feng)電(dian)特(te)性的(de)高載能(neng)產(chan)業及其他特(te)殊領域。
將非(fei)(fei)并網風(feng)(feng)電應用于(yu)規(gui)模化(hua)制氫(qing)、氯堿生產(chan)等產(chan)業,可形成“非(fei)(fei)并網風(feng)(feng)電—規(gui)模化(hua)制氫(qing)”、“非(fei)(fei)并網風(feng)(feng)電—氯堿生產(chan)”等一系(xi)列產(chan)業鏈(lian)(lian)。目前,已從技術層面打通了非(fei)(fei)并網風(feng)(feng)電與相應高載能產(chan)業之間的(de)鏈(lian)(lian)合(he)路徑(jing),為產(chan)業鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)形成與完(wan)善奠定了最重要的(de)基礎。
大規(gui)模(mo)非并(bing)(bing)網風(feng)電產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基(ji)地建(jian)設(she),要(yao)發(fa)揮江(jiang)蘇沿(yan)海風(feng)能(neng)資源優(you)勢,實(shi)現打造(zao)江(jiang)蘇沿(yan)海綠(lv)色(se)能(neng)源基(ji)地的戰略(lve)構想;進(jin)一步延(yan)伸“非并(bing)(bing)網風(feng)電—高載能(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)”產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈,帶動新(xin)型(xing)非并(bing)(bing)網風(feng)機(ji)(ji)、精細化(hua)工、生(sheng)物醫藥、高能(neng)燃(ran)料等產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)快速發(fa)展(zhan);注重培(pei)育在產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈主要(yao)環節上的大型(xing)龍頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye),加(jia)強技術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)能(neng)力;建(jian)立(li)完(wan)善非并(bing)(bing)網風(feng)電政策服(fu)務(wu)體系(xi);建(jian)立(li)健全人才引進(jin)、培(pei)養(yang)機(ji)(ji)制。從(cong)而加(jia)快非并(bing)(bing)網風(feng)電產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程,建(jian)設(she)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)和(he)現代服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)共同繁(fan)榮的市(shi)場體系(xi),培(pei)育新(xin)的經(jing)濟增(zeng)長點,節能(neng)減排、環境(jing)保護,實(shi)現人與自然、經(jing)濟與社會(hui)和(he)諧發(fa)展(zhan)。建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)要(yao)遵循技術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)、經(jing)濟效益(yi)、環境(jing)友好、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)關聯(lian)和(he)政策配套等原(yuan)則(ze)。
根(gen)據江蘇沿海風(feng)能資源分布及(ji)沿海風(feng)電場(chang)建(jian)設(she)進(jin)程,開展江蘇大規模(mo)(mo)非(fei)(fei)并網(wang)(wang)風(feng)電產業基地建(jian)設(she)。在(zai)目前江蘇風(feng)電場(chang)建(jian)設(she)規劃中,風(feng)電場(chang)選址主要(yao)在(zai)如(ru)東(dong)(dong)、東(dong)(dong)臺、大豐(feng)、啟東(dong)(dong)等地,因(yin)此,短(duan)期內可在(zai)如(ru)東(dong)(dong)、東(dong)(dong)臺、大豐(feng)、啟東(dong)(dong)開展大規模(mo)(mo)非(fei)(fei)并網(wang)(wang)風(feng)電產業基地的建(jian)設(she)規劃。長遠來看(kan),通(tong)州、射陽、濱海、響水、贛(gan)榆(yu)等沿海地區也極具建(jian)設(she)大規模(mo)(mo)非(fei)(fei)并網(wang)(wang)風(feng)電產業基地的開發潛(qian)力。
隨著大(da)規模非并網(wang)(wang)風(feng)電(dian)產業(ye)基(ji)(ji)地建設的(de)(de)(de)展開,要推動新型非并網(wang)(wang)風(feng)機(ji)、精(jing)細化(hua)工、生(sheng)物醫藥(yao)、高能燃料等產業(ye)發展,從而形成(cheng)相應的(de)(de)(de)產業(ye)基(ji)(ji)地,進而圍繞(rao)大(da)規模非并網(wang)(wang)風(feng)電(dian)產業(ye)基(ji)(ji)地,形成(cheng)功能完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)功能布局。
大規模(mo)非并(bing)(bing)網風電(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)業基地建設,對加快(kuai)緩解能(neng)源對高載能(neng)產(chan)(chan)業發展的(de)制約、推進非并(bing)(bing)網風電(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)業化(hua)進程和(he)拓展非并(bing)(bing)網風電(dian)(dian)應(ying)用領(ling)域(yu),具有重要戰略意(yi)義。要進一步延伸“非并(bing)(bing)網風電(dian)(dian)—高載能(neng)產(chan)(chan)業”產(chan)(chan)業鏈(lian),不(bu)斷豐(feng)富其產(chan)(chan)業內容(rong)、拓展產(chan)(chan)業覆(fu)蓋面、實(shi)現(xian)產(chan)(chan)業功(gong)能(neng)多樣化(hua),形成布(bu)局(ju)合理、功(gong)能(neng)完善(shan)的(de)產(chan)(chan)業發展新(xin)局(ju)面。