顏(yan)希(xi)深(shen)自幼(you)受(shou)何氏教(jiao)育,聰穎過人(ren),器宇不(bu)凡。任太原(yuan)府同知時,適逢乾隆皇帝駕幸五臺山,顏(yan)希(xi)深(shen)奉旨辦理行營(ying)事(shi)物,以(yi)毫不(bu)擾民受(shou)到(dao)乾隆稱贊(zan)。
泰(tai)(tai)安(an)在昔為(wei)(wei)直隸(li)州,士(shi)(shi)(shi)(讀書人)屆歲科試,咸(全)就校(xiao)于(yu)(yu)濟(ji)南。雍(yong)正十(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian),改(gai)為(wei)(wei)府治,統屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)泰(tai)(tai)安(an)、新(xin)泰(tai)(tai)、萊蕪、肥城、東(dong)平、東(dong)阿、平陰共七州縣(xian),一切章(zhang)程,俱更(geng)定如(ru)他郡(jun)制(zhi),惟校(xiao)士(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)館,役甚(shen)巨而費(fei)亦繁(fan),尚(shang)逡巡(qunxún;因顧慮而徘徊不(bu)前(qian)(qian)(qian))未遑(空閑)也(ye)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)守宋公(gong)諤曾議舉行,尋以(yi)故中(zhong)止。癸酉(乾隆(long)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian),1753年(nian)(nian))夏,余(yu)(我)奉命來(lai)典茲郡(jun),見(jian)夫(fu)岱宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崒(zu)嵂(zúlǜ,高(gao)峻),汶水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瀠(ying)洄,鐘(zhong)靈挺秀,蔚(yu)為(wei)(wei)巨觀。仰惟圣朝(chao)雅化涵濡(ru),迄今(jin)百有余(yu)栽,闔(全)屬(shu)人文云(yun)蒸而霞起,每歲科試,統計文武幾及萬人,若(ruo)仍就校(xiao)濟(ji)南,實(shi)于(yu)(yu)體制(zhi)未協。爰(于(yu)(yu)是)稽(考)舊牘(du)(過去(qu)的(de)公(gong)文),商之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牧令(州官縣(xian)官),諸(zhu)君僉(都(dou))謂紳(shen)士(shi)(shi)(shi)請建試院歷有年(nian)(nian)所(suo),且皆愿捐己貲(資),不(bu)費(fei)公(gong)帑(官府錢財)。乃以(yi)此意(yi)申之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)各憲(xian)(向上級各主(zhu)管部門提(ti)出(chu)申請),既報可。余(yu)與(yu)諸(zhu)君捐俸(feng)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倡,紳(shen)士(shi)(shi)(shi)亦樂輸(shu)(獻(xian)出(chu))恐(kong)后(hou)。遂諏吉(商定好日子。諏zōu,音(yin)鄒;商量)于(yu)(yu)春二(er)月(yue),正方(fang)辨位,鳩工(gong)(gong)(gong)庀(pi)材(聚(ju)集工(gong)(gong)(gong)匠(jiang),備齊材料。庀(pi)pǐ,音(yin)痞;具備),飭(令)平陰尉姚秀元董其事(shi),宋為(wei)(wei)熙、徐孔柱、韓承先、張朔、趙文龍、張元漋(long)紳(shen)士(shi)(shi)(shi)分理(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)北隅(角(jiao)),得地二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一畝(mu)二(er)分,中(zhong)建堂(tang)五楹(ying),堂(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)東(dong)西坐(zuo)號共一千二(er)百有奇(多),堂(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),蒞事(shi)有室,棲(qi)客有廬(lu),凡庖(pao)廚井灶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu),靡不(bu)畢具。門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外設照(zhao)屏,東(dong)西轅門各樹以(yi)柵為(wei)(wei)繚(liao)垣(墻)以(yi)周護之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),丹雘(huò,音(yin)貨,紅(hong)色顏(yan)料)黝(黑)堊(e)(白),悉中(zhong)軌(gui)繩。閱(歷時)八(ba)(ba)月(yue),而諸(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)竣。夫(fu)泰(tai)(tai)安(an)固(gu)齊魯間一大都(dou)會(hui)也(ye),逵通南北,壤錯濟(ji)兗(yan)(濟(ji)南兗(yan)州),軺車之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)輻揍(zou),文獻(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)薈(hui)萃(cui),士(shi)(shi)(shi)生其間,應(ying)地靈而沾帝澤,于(yu)(yu)以(yi)發軔黌(hong)宮(學(xue)宮。簧hóng,音(yin)紅(hong);古代稱學(xue)校(xiao))蜚莢閬苑(指揚名于(yu)(yu)京都(dou)),則試院之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建,即多士(shi)(shi)(shi)昂(ang)霄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)步也(ye),寧(ning)惟是高(gao)明宏敞壯一郡(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀瞻已哉。抑(可是。文言連(lian)詞)余(yu)于(yu)(yu)此竊有幸也(ye)。泰(tai)(tai)安(an)自改(gai)府后(hou),已逾(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)余(yu)載,前(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人或履其任而不(bu)及為(wei)(wei),或限于(yu)(yu)力而為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)果,余(yu)乃與(yu)諸(zhu)牧令會(hui)逢其適,乘(cheng)天時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)順敘(xu),賴(lai)人力之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贊襄,財無(wu)虞漏卮(zhī,音(yin)只;古代盛酒的(de)杯子。這里指建筑(zhu)上的(de)漏洞),工(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)繁(fan)鼛(gao)鼓(鼛(gao)gāo,音(yin)高(gao);古代的(de)一種大鼓),一旦為(wei)(wei)所(suo)欲為(wei)(wei),得如(ru)他郡(jun)規制(zhi),雖不(bu)足仰酬圣天子覃敷至意(yi),暨各憲(xian)樂育(yu)殷懷,而揆(kuí;掌握,管理(li))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郡(jun)人士(shi)(shi)(shi)斐然向風之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忱,庶可藉(jie)口(kou)以(yi)告厥(其)成事(shi)云(yun)爾(er)。用綴端末于(yu)(yu)石,俾(使(shi))后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官斯土者有考焉。乾隆(long)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)。
《創建試院碑記》之后,民(min)國(guo)十(shi)八(ba)(ba)年鉛印本(ben)(ben)《重修泰(tai)(tai)安(an)縣志?藝文(wen)志選著》又(you)載顏希(xi)深作(zuo)(zuo)《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)故(gu)里(li)(li)考》一(yi)文(wen)。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),字(zi)子(zi)(zi)邱,春秋(qiu)魯(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren),為(wei)(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi),因(yin)向(xiang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)問(wen)“禮(li)(li)(li)(li)之本(ben)(ben)”而(er)(er)載《論語(yu)?八(ba)(ba)佾(yi)(yi)(yì,古時(shi)(shi)(shi)樂(le)舞的(de)(de)(de)行列)》。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)是殷(yin)(yin)代忠(zhong)臣(chen)比干的(de)(de)(de)后裔。殷(yin)(yin)紂(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)無道,荒淫暴虐。比干秉忠(zhong)直諫,為(wei)(wei)此(ci)觸怒紂(zhou)(zhou)王(wang),被(bei)剖心(xin)殺害,其(qi)子(zi)(zi)堅,逃至(zhi)泰(tai)(tai)安(an)“城東南百八(ba)(ba)十(shi)里(li)(li)”放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城鎮(zhen)(現(xian)(xian)屬泰(tai)(tai)安(an)所轄縣級市(shi)新泰(tai)(tai))北部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)避難,周武(wu)王(wang)克商(shang),賜姓林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)氏(shi)(shi)。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)生(sheng)致力于(yu)(yu)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)。《論語(yu)?八(ba)(ba)佾(yi)(yi)》載:“林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)問(wen)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)之本(ben)(ben)。子(zi)(zi)曰(yue):大哉(zai)問(wen)!禮(li)(li)(li)(li),與(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)奢也(ye)(ye),寧儉;喪,與(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)易也(ye)(ye),寧戚(qi)。”這(zhe)(zhe)段話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思是說(shuo),林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)問(wen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)質是什么,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)聽到有(you)(you)(you)(you)學生(sheng)提出(chu)這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)非常高興,就(jiu)(jiu)說(shuo):“你問(wen)了(le)(le)一(yi)個意(yi)(yi)義(yi)十(shi)分重大的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)!就(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)數來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(逢年過節等(deng)),與(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)過分耗費(fei)(意(yi)(yi)思是主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de),送(song)重禮(li)(li)(li)(li)容易讓人(ren)(ren)懷疑另有(you)(you)(you)(you)所圖(tu)),寧可簡(jian)單(dan)節約(yue)(有(you)(you)(you)(you)心(xin)就(jiu)(jiu)行了(le)(le),禮(li)(li)(li)(li)品本(ben)(ben)身是次要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de));就(jiu)(jiu)比較重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)喪禮(li)(li)(li)(li)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo),與(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)在(zai)表(biao)面上講究(jiu)繁文(wen)縟(ru)節,不(bu)(bu)如在(zai)內心(xin)里(li)(li)真誠地沉痛哀(ai)悼。”朱熹《論語(yu)集(ji)注》解釋這(zhe)(zhe)段話(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi),認(ren)為(wei)(wei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)“見世(shi)之為(wei)(wei)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)者,專事(shi)繁文(wen),而(er)(er)疑其(qi)本(ben)(ben)之不(bu)(bu)在(zai)是也(ye)(ye),故(gu)以為(wei)(wei)問(wen)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)以時(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)逐末(mo)而(er)(er)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)獨有(you)(you)(you)(you)志于(yu)(yu)本(ben)(ben),故(gu)大其(qi)問(wen)”。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)說(shuo)這(zhe)(zhe)段話(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi),正(zheng)是奴隸制(zhi)崩潰的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代,即使魯(lu)(lu)國(guo)也(ye)(ye)發生(sheng)了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)尊(zun)“周禮(li)(li)(li)(li)”的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。如,根據“周禮(li)(li)(li)(li)”的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding),天(tian)子(zi)(zi)才有(you)(you)(you)(you)祭(ji)掃全國(guo)知(zhi)名(ming)(ming)大山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)格(ge),諸侯只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)自己(ji)轄區內祭(ji)掃小丘的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)格(ge),但是季(ji)孫氏(shi)(shi)卻到泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)上去進行祭(ji)掃。面對(dui)魯(lu)(lu)國(guo)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)種禮(li)(li)(li)(li)崩樂(le)壞的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)政,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)憂心(xin)如焚(fen)。《論語(yu)?八(ba)(ba)佾(yi)(yi)》又(you)載:“季(ji)氏(shi)(shi)旅于(yu)(yu)泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)。子(zi)(zi)謂(wei)冉(ran)有(you)(you)(you)(you)曰(yue):女(nv)(汝)弗能救(jiu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)?對(dui)曰(yue):不(bu)(bu)能。子(zi)(zi)曰(yue):嗚(wu)呼!曾(ceng)謂(wei)泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan),不(bu)(bu)如林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)乎?”季(ji)孫氏(shi)(shi)是當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)執掌(zhang)魯(lu)(lu)國(guo)朝政的(de)(de)(de)三(san)大權門之一(yi),(孟(meng)孫氏(shi)(shi)、叔孫氏(shi)(shi)、季(ji)孫氏(shi)(shi)三(san)家(jia)世(shi)卿,因(yin)為(wei)(wei)是魯(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huan)(huán,音(yin)環)公的(de)(de)(de)三(san)個孫子(zi)(zi)故(gu)稱(cheng)“三(san)桓(huan)(huan)”,當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)魯(lu)(lu)國(guo)政權實(shi)際掌(zhang)握在(zai)他們手(shou)中,而(er)(er)“三(san)桓(huan)(huan)”的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些家(jia)臣(chen)又(you)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)同程度上控制(zhi)著“三(san)桓(huan)(huan)”),冉(ran)有(you)(you)(you)(you)是孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)學生(sheng),時(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)季(ji)氏(shi)(shi)宰。這(zhe)(zhe)段話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思是,季(ji)氏(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)去祭(ji)祀泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)對(dui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)季(ji)氏(shi)(shi)家(jia)總管的(de)(de)(de)學生(sheng)冉(ran)有(you)(you)(you)(you)說(shuo):“你不(bu)(bu)能勸阻(zu)(zu)他不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)前去,從而(er)(er)挽(wan)救(jiu)其(qi)陷于(yu)(yu)僭越(超越本(ben)(ben)分。僭jiàn,音(yin)見;非法越權)之罪嗎?”冉(ran)有(you)(you)(you)(you)回(hui)答說(shuo):“不(bu)(bu)能。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)見求(qiu)(qiu)助于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)已經不(bu)(bu)能挽(wan)救(jiu)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)法,嘆了(le)(le)口氣轉(zhuan)而(er)(er)求(qiu)(qiu)助于(yu)(yu)神,說(shuo):“唉!我(wo)曾(ceng)對(dui)泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)說(shuo),(泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)神啊,快阻(zu)(zu)止那些破壞禮(li)(li)(li)(li)法的(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)吧!)難道你這(zhe)(zhe)通(tong)天(tian)神明(ming),還(huan)不(bu)(bu)如林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)知(zhi)道應該怎樣(yang)按照(zhao)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)法的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)質來(lai)(lai)行事(shi)嗎?”北宋真宗趙(zhao)恒命廷臣(chen)撰孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)贊(zan),主(zhu)客郎中刁(diao)衎(kàn,音(yin)看)贊(zan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曰(yue):“問(wen)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)之本(ben)(ben)。為(wei)(wei)儒(ru)所宗。樂(le)岳(泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan))稱(cheng)美,長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(今山(shan)(shan)東新泰(tai)(tai)市(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城鎮(zhen)長(chang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan))表(biao)封。”南宋高宗也(ye)(ye)曾(ceng)贊(zan)其(qi)“大哉(zai)斯言(yan),恍(huang)照(zhao)明(ming)訓(xun)”。為(wei)(wei)紀念這(zhe)(zhe)位先賢,其(qi)故(gu)里(li)(li)便名(ming)(ming)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城。顏希(xi)深作(zuo)(zuo)《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)故(gu)里(li)(li)考》認(ren)定(ding),在(zai)“城東南百八(ba)(ba)十(shi)里(li)(li)”之“泰(tai)(tai)安(an)崇(chong)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)鄉放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城集(ji)(舊(jiu)名(ming)(ming)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城鎮(zhen))為(wei)(wei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)故(gu)里(li)(li)”“可信”。由(you)于(yu)(yu)顏希(xi)深作(zuo)(zuo)《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)里(li)(li)考》十(shi)分專業,解釋起來(lai)(lai)非常復雜(za),恕不(bu)(bu)照(zhao)錄原文(wen),只(zhi)將林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)其(qi)人(ren)(ren)其(qi)事(shi)簡(jian)述于(yu)(yu)此(ci)。
《創建試院碑(bei)記(ji)》字里(li)(li)行間(jian)反映出顏(yan)希(xi)深(shen)一(yi)意興利除弊、教養斯民的循吏作風,以(yi)及(ji)對百姓負責(ze)(ze)、對歷(li)史負責(ze)(ze)的治(zhi)政態度;《林放故里(li)(li)考》字里(li)(li)行間(jian)反映出顏(yan)希(xi)深(shen)博覽群書(shu)、窮究經典的文化修(xiu)養,以(yi)及(ji)躬行實踐、格物(wu)致(zhi)知的治(zhi)學方法。顏(yan)希(xi)深(shen)既勤于政務處(chu)理,又潛心學術研究,確有古代(dai)士大夫之(zhi)風范。