顏希深(shen)自幼受(shou)(shou)何(he)氏教育,聰穎過人(ren),器宇不(bu)凡。任太原府同知時,適(shi)逢乾(qian)隆皇(huang)帝(di)駕幸五臺山,顏希深(shen)奉旨辦理行營事(shi)物,以(yi)毫不(bu)擾民(min)受(shou)(shou)到乾(qian)隆稱(cheng)贊。
泰(tai)安(an)(an)在昔為(wei)直隸州(zhou),士(shi)(shi)(shi)(讀書人(ren)(ren))屆歲科(ke)試,咸(全(quan))就校(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)濟(ji)南(nan)。雍正(zheng)十(shi)三年(nian),改為(wei)府治,統屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)泰(tai)安(an)(an)、新泰(tai)、萊蕪(wu)、肥城(cheng)、東(dong)平(ping)、東(dong)阿、平(ping)陰共七州(zhou)縣(xian),一(yi)(yi)切章程,俱更定如(ru)(ru)他(ta)郡(jun)制,惟(wei)校(xiao)士(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)館,役(yi)甚巨(ju)而費亦繁,尚(shang)逡巡(qunxún;因(yin)顧慮而徘徊不前(qian)(qian))未(wei)遑(huang)(空閑(xian))也(ye)。前(qian)(qian)守宋公諤曾議舉行,尋以(yi)故(gu)中止。癸酉(乾隆(long)十(shi)八年(nian),1753年(nian))夏,余(我)奉命來典(dian)茲郡(jun),見夫(fu)岱宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崒(zu)嵂(zúlǜ,高峻),汶(wen)水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瀠洄,鐘靈挺秀,蔚(yu)為(wei)巨(ju)觀。仰惟(wei)圣(sheng)朝(chao)雅化涵濡,迄今百有余栽(zai),闔(全(quan))屬(shu)人(ren)(ren)文(wen)云(yun)蒸而霞起,每歲科(ke)試,統計(ji)文(wen)武幾及萬人(ren)(ren),若仍就校(xiao)濟(ji)南(nan),實(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)體制未(wei)協。爰(于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是)稽(考)舊牘(過(guo)去的(de)公文(wen)),商之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牧令(州(zhou)官縣(xian)官),諸(zhu)君僉(都(dou))謂(wei)紳士(shi)(shi)(shi)請建試院(yuan)歷(li)有年(nian)所(suo)(suo),且皆愿捐己貲(資),不費公帑(官府錢(qian)財)。乃以(yi)此意申(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)各憲(xian)(向上(shang)級各主管部門提出申(shen)請),既(ji)報可(ke)。余與諸(zhu)君捐俸為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倡,紳士(shi)(shi)(shi)亦樂輸(獻出)恐后(hou)。遂諏(zou)吉(商定好日子(zi)。諏(zou)zōu,音鄒;商量)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)春二(er)月(yue),正(zheng)方辨位,鳩(jiu)工庀(pi)(pi)材(聚(ju)集工匠(jiang),備(bei)齊材料(liao)(liao)。庀(pi)(pi)pǐ,音痞;具備(bei)),飭(令)平(ping)陰尉姚秀元董其事,宋為(wei)熙、徐孔柱、韓承先、張朔、趙(zhao)文(wen)龍、張元漋紳士(shi)(shi)(shi)分理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)北隅(角),得(de)地二(er)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)畝二(er)分,中建堂(tang)(tang)五楹,堂(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)東(dong)西坐號共一(yi)(yi)千二(er)百有奇(多(duo)(duo)),堂(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),蒞(li)事有室,棲客有廬(lu),凡庖廚井灶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu),靡不畢具。門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外設(she)照(zhao)屏,東(dong)西轅門各樹以(yi)柵(zha)為(wei)繚(liao)垣(墻)以(yi)周護之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),丹雘(huò,音貨,紅色顏料(liao)(liao))黝(黑)堊(白(bai)),悉(xi)中軌繩。閱(歷(li)時(shi))八月(yue),而諸(zhu)工以(yi)竣。夫(fu)泰(tai)安(an)(an)固齊魯(lu)間(jian)一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)都(dou)會也(ye),逵通南(nan)北,壤錯(cuo)濟(ji)兗(yan)(濟(ji)南(nan)兗(yan)州(zhou)),軺車之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)輻揍,文(wen)獻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)薈萃,士(shi)(shi)(shi)生其間(jian),應地靈而沾帝澤(ze),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)發軔黌(hong)宮(學宮。簧hóng,音紅;古代稱學校(xiao))蜚莢(jia)閬苑(yuan)(指揚名(ming)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)京都(dou)),則試院(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建,即多(duo)(duo)士(shi)(shi)(shi)昂(ang)霄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初步也(ye),寧(ning)惟(wei)是高明宏(hong)敞壯一(yi)(yi)郡(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀瞻已(yi)(yi)哉。抑(可(ke)是。文(wen)言(yan)連(lian)詞)余于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此竊有幸也(ye)。泰(tai)安(an)(an)自改府后(hou),已(yi)(yi)逾十(shi)余載,前(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)或履其任而不及為(wei),或限(xian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)力(li)而為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不果,余乃與諸(zhu)牧令會逢(feng)其適,乘天時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)順敘(xu),賴人(ren)(ren)力(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贊襄,財無虞(yu)漏卮(zhī,音只;古代盛酒(jiu)的(de)杯子(zi)。這里指建筑上(shang)的(de)漏洞),工不繁鼛鼓(鼛gāo,音高;古代的(de)一(yi)(yi)種大(da)(da)鼓),一(yi)(yi)旦為(wei)所(suo)(suo)欲為(wei),得(de)如(ru)(ru)他(ta)郡(jun)規制,雖不足(zu)仰酬圣(sheng)天子(zi)覃敷至(zhi)意,暨各憲(xian)樂育殷懷(huai),而揆(kuí;掌握,管理)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郡(jun)人(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)斐然向風之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忱,庶可(ke)藉口以(yi)告厥(jue)(其)成事云(yun)爾。用綴端(duan)末于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)石,俾(使)后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官斯土者有考焉。乾隆(long)十(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)十(shi)月(yue)。
《創建試(shi)院碑記》之(zhi)(zhi)后,民(min)國(guo)十八(ba)年鉛印本(ben)《重(zhong)修泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安縣志(zhi)?藝文(wen)志(zhi)選著》又載(zai)顏(yan)希(xi)深(shen)作(zuo)《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)故(gu)(gu)里(li)(li)考(kao)(kao)》一(yi)文(wen)。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang),字子(zi)(zi)(zi)邱,春(chun)秋魯人,為(wei)(wei)(wei)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi),因向孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)問(wen)“禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)”而載(zai)《論(lun)語?八(ba)佾(yi)(yì,古時(shi)樂(le)舞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行列)》。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)殷(yin)代忠臣比(bi)干的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后裔。殷(yin)紂王無道,荒淫暴虐。比(bi)干秉忠直諫,為(wei)(wei)(wei)此觸怒紂王,被剖心(xin)(xin)殺害,其(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)堅,逃至泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安“城(cheng)(cheng)東南百八(ba)十里(li)(li)”放(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(現(xian)屬泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安所轄縣級(ji)市(shi)新(xin)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai))北部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)避難(nan),周(zhou)武王克商,賜姓(xing)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)氏。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)生致力于(yu)(yu)(yu)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究。《論(lun)語?八(ba)佾(yi)》載(zai):“林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)問(wen)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):大(da)哉問(wen)!禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),與其(qi)(qi)奢也(ye),寧(ning)儉(jian);喪(sang),與其(qi)(qi)易也(ye),寧(ning)戚。”這段話(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思(si)是(shi)(shi)說(shuo),林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)問(wen)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質是(shi)(shi)什么(me),孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)聽到(dao)有(you)(you)學(xue)生提出這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題非(fei)常高(gao)興,就(jiu)說(shuo):“你(ni)問(wen)了(le)(le)一(yi)個(ge)意(yi)義(yi)十分重(zhong)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題!就(jiu)一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)數來(lai)說(shuo)(逢年過節等),與其(qi)(qi)過分耗(hao)費(意(yi)思(si)是(shi)(shi)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),送(song)重(zhong)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)容(rong)易讓人懷疑另有(you)(you)所圖),寧(ning)可(ke)簡單節約(有(you)(you)心(xin)(xin)就(jiu)行了(le)(le),禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)本(ben)身是(shi)(shi)次要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de));就(jiu)比(bi)較(jiao)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喪(sang)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)來(lai)說(shuo),與其(qi)(qi)在表(biao)面上(shang)講(jiang)究繁文(wen)縟節,不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)在內心(xin)(xin)里(li)(li)真誠地沉痛哀悼。”朱熹《論(lun)語集(ji)注》解釋這段話(hua)時(shi),認為(wei)(wei)(wei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)“見世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者,專事繁文(wen),而疑其(qi)(qi)本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在是(shi)(shi)也(ye),故(gu)(gu)以為(wei)(wei)(wei)問(wen)。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以時(shi)方逐末(mo)而放(fang)(fang)(fang)獨(du)有(you)(you)志(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)本(ben),故(gu)(gu)大(da)其(qi)(qi)問(wen)”。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)說(shuo)這段話(hua)時(shi),正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)奴隸制崩潰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)代,即使魯國(guo)也(ye)發生了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)尊“周(zhou)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。如(ru)(ru),根據“周(zhou)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定,天子(zi)(zi)(zi)才(cai)有(you)(you)祭(ji)(ji)掃(sao)全國(guo)知(zhi)名大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資格,諸侯只(zhi)有(you)(you)在自(zi)己轄區(qu)內祭(ji)(ji)掃(sao)小丘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資格,但是(shi)(shi)季(ji)孫(sun)氏卻到(dao)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)去(qu)進行祭(ji)(ji)掃(sao)。面對(dui)魯國(guo)當時(shi)這種禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)崩樂(le)壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)政(zheng),孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)憂心(xin)(xin)如(ru)(ru)焚。《論(lun)語?八(ba)佾(yi)》又載(zai):“季(ji)氏旅于(yu)(yu)(yu)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)謂(wei)冉(ran)有(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue):女(nv)(汝)弗能(neng)(neng)(neng)救與?對(dui)曰(yue)(yue):不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):嗚呼(hu)!曾謂(wei)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)乎?”季(ji)孫(sun)氏是(shi)(shi)當時(shi)執掌魯國(guo)朝(chao)政(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)大(da)權(quan)(quan)門之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),(孟(meng)孫(sun)氏、叔孫(sun)氏、季(ji)孫(sun)氏三(san)家世(shi)卿,因為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)魯桓(huan)(huán,音(yin)(yin)環)公(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)個(ge)孫(sun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)故(gu)(gu)稱(cheng)“三(san)桓(huan)”,當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魯國(guo)政(zheng)權(quan)(quan)實際(ji)掌握在他們手中(zhong),而“三(san)桓(huan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)家臣又在不(bu)(bu)(bu)同程(cheng)度上(shang)控制著“三(san)桓(huan)”),冉(ran)有(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)生,時(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)季(ji)氏宰。這段話(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思(si)是(shi)(shi),季(ji)氏要(yao)去(qu)祭(ji)(ji)祀泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan),孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)對(dui)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)季(ji)氏家總管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)生冉(ran)有(you)(you)說(shuo):“你(ni)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)勸阻他不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)前去(qu),從(cong)而挽救其(qi)(qi)陷(xian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)僭越(超越本(ben)分。僭jiàn,音(yin)(yin)見;非(fei)法(fa)(fa)越權(quan)(quan))之(zhi)(zhi)罪嗎?”冉(ran)有(you)(you)回(hui)答說(shuo):“不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。”孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)見求助于(yu)(yu)(yu)人已(yi)經不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)挽救禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa),嘆(tan)了(le)(le)口氣轉而求助于(yu)(yu)(yu)神(shen),說(shuo):“唉!我曾對(dui)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)說(shuo),(泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)啊,快阻止那些(xie)破壞禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)吧(ba)!)難(nan)道你(ni)這通天神(shen)明,還不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)知(zhi)道應(ying)該怎樣按照(zhao)(zhao)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質來(lai)行事嗎?”北宋(song)(song)真宗(zong)(zong)趙(zhao)恒命廷臣撰孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)贊,主客郎中(zhong)刁(diao)衎(kàn,音(yin)(yin)看)贊林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)曰(yue)(yue):“問(wen)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)儒所宗(zong)(zong)。樂(le)岳(泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan))稱(cheng)美,長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(今(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東新(xin)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)市(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)長林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan))表(biao)封。”南宋(song)(song)高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)也(ye)曾贊其(qi)(qi)“大(da)哉斯(si)言,恍照(zhao)(zhao)明訓”。為(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念(nian)這位(wei)先賢(xian),其(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)里(li)(li)便名放(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)。顏(yan)希(xi)深(shen)作(zuo)《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)故(gu)(gu)里(li)(li)考(kao)(kao)》認定,在“城(cheng)(cheng)東南百八(ba)十里(li)(li)”之(zhi)(zhi)“泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安崇禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)鄉放(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)集(ji)(舊名放(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen))為(wei)(wei)(wei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)故(gu)(gu)里(li)(li)”“可(ke)信”。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)顏(yan)希(xi)深(shen)作(zuo)《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)里(li)(li)考(kao)(kao)》十分專業,解釋起來(lai)非(fei)常復雜,恕不(bu)(bu)(bu)照(zhao)(zhao)錄(lu)原文(wen),只(zhi)將林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)其(qi)(qi)人其(qi)(qi)事簡述于(yu)(yu)(yu)此。
《創建(jian)試(shi)院(yuan)碑記(ji)》字里行間反(fan)映出(chu)顏希深一意興(xing)利除弊、教養斯民的(de)循吏(li)作風,以及對(dui)百姓(xing)負(fu)責、對(dui)歷史(shi)負(fu)責的(de)治政態度(du);《林放故里考》字里行間反(fan)映出(chu)顏希深博覽(lan)群書(shu)、窮究經(jing)典的(de)文化修養,以及躬行實踐、格(ge)物致知的(de)治學方法。顏希深既勤于政務(wu)處理,又潛心學術研究,確有(you)古(gu)代士大(da)夫之(zhi)風范。