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人物簡介

顏希(xi)深(shen)自幼受何(he)氏教育，聰穎過人，器宇(yu)不凡。任太原府同(tong)知時(shi)，適逢乾隆皇帝駕幸五臺山，顏希(xi)深(shen)奉旨辦理行營(ying)事物，以毫(hao)不擾(rao)民受到乾隆稱贊(zan)。

泰(tai)安在昔為(wei)(wei)直隸州(zhou)，士(shi)（讀書(shu)人(ren)）屆歲科試，咸(xian)（全）就校(xiao)于(yu)濟(ji)南。雍正(zheng)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)，改為(wei)(wei)府治，統屬于(yu)泰(tai)安、新泰(tai)、萊蕪、肥城、東平、東阿、平陰(yin)共七州(zhou)縣，一(yi)切章(zhang)程，俱更定如他郡(jun)制，惟(wei)(wei)校(xiao)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)館，役甚巨(ju)(ju)而(er)(er)費亦繁，尚逡(qun)巡(xun)(qunxún；因顧慮而(er)(er)徘徊不(bu)(bu)(bu)前(qian))未(wei)遑（空閑）也(ye)。前(qian)守宋(song)(song)公(gong)(gong)諤曾(ceng)議舉(ju)行(xing)，尋(xun)以故中(zhong)止。癸酉（乾隆十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)，1753年(nian)(nian)）夏，余(我(wo))奉命來典(dian)茲郡(jun)，見夫(fu)岱宗之(zhi)(zhi)崒嵂（zúlǜ,高(gao)峻），汶(wen)水之(zhi)(zhi)瀠洄，鐘靈挺秀，蔚為(wei)(wei)巨(ju)(ju)觀。仰惟(wei)(wei)圣朝(chao)雅(ya)化涵濡，迄今(jin)百有(you)余栽，闔（全）屬人(ren)文(wen)云蒸而(er)(er)霞起(qi)，每(mei)歲科試，統計文(wen)武幾及萬人(ren)，若仍(reng)就校(xiao)濟(ji)南，實于(yu)體制未(wei)協(xie)。爰（于(yu)是）稽（考）舊牘(du)（過(guo)去的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)），商之(zhi)(zhi)牧令（州(zhou)官(guan)縣官(guan)），諸君(jun)(jun)僉（都(dou)）謂紳士(shi)請(qing)(qing)建(jian)試院歷(li)(li)有(you)年(nian)(nian)所(suo)(suo)，且皆愿捐己貲（資），不(bu)(bu)(bu)費公(gong)(gong)帑（官(guan)府錢財）。乃以此意申之(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)(ge)憲(xian)（向上級各(ge)(ge)主管(guan)部(bu)門(men)提出申請(qing)(qing)），既報可。余與(yu)(yu)諸君(jun)(jun)捐俸為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)倡，紳士(shi)亦樂(le)輸（獻出）恐后。遂諏(zou)吉（商定好日子(zi)。諏(zou)zōu,音(yin)(yin)(yin)鄒(zou)；商量）于(yu)春(chun)二(er)月，正(zheng)方辨位，鳩工庀材（聚集工匠，備(bei)(bei)齊材料。庀pǐ，音(yin)(yin)(yin)痞；具備(bei)(bei)），飭（令）平陰(yin)尉(wei)姚(yao)秀元董(dong)其(qi)事，宋(song)(song)為(wei)(wei)熙、徐孔(kong)柱、韓承先、張(zhang)朔、趙文(wen)龍、張(zhang)元漋紳士(shi)分(fen)理之(zhi)(zhi)。在城之(zhi)(zhi)東北(bei)(bei)隅(yu)（角(jiao)），得地二(er)十(shi)一(yi)畝二(er)分(fen)，中(zhong)建(jian)堂五楹，堂之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)東西(xi)坐號共一(yi)千二(er)百有(you)奇（多），堂之(zhi)(zhi)后，蒞事有(you)室，棲客有(you)廬，凡庖廚(chu)井灶之(zhi)(zhi)屬，靡不(bu)(bu)(bu)畢(bi)具。門(men)之(zhi)(zhi)外設照屏，東西(xi)轅門(men)各(ge)(ge)樹(shu)以柵(zha)為(wei)(wei)繚垣（墻）以周護之(zhi)(zhi)，丹雘(huo)（huò，音(yin)(yin)(yin)貨，紅(hong)色顏料）黝（黑）堊（白），悉(xi)中(zhong)軌(gui)繩(sheng)。閱（歷(li)(li)時）八月，而(er)(er)諸工以竣(jun)。夫(fu)泰(tai)安固齊魯間一(yi)大都(dou)會也(ye)，逵(kui)通南北(bei)(bei)，壤(rang)錯濟(ji)兗(yan)（濟(ji)南兗(yan)州(zhou)），軺(yao)車之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)輻(fu)揍，文(wen)獻之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)薈萃，士(shi)生其(qi)間，應地靈而(er)(er)沾(zhan)帝澤，于(yu)以發(fa)軔黌宮(gong)（學宮(gong)。簧hóng，音(yin)(yin)(yin)紅(hong)；古代稱學校(xiao)）蜚莢閬苑（指揚名(ming)于(yu)京都(dou)），則試院之(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)，即(ji)多士(shi)昂(ang)霄之(zhi)(zhi)初步也(ye)，寧(ning)惟(wei)(wei)是高(gao)明宏(hong)敞壯一(yi)郡(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)觀瞻已(yi)哉。抑(yi)（可是。文(wen)言連詞）余于(yu)此竊(qie)有(you)幸(xing)也(ye)。泰(tai)安自改府后，已(yi)逾十(shi)余載，前(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)或(huo)履(lv)其(qi)任(ren)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及為(wei)(wei)，或(huo)限于(yu)力(li)而(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)果，余乃與(yu)(yu)諸牧令會逢其(qi)適，乘天時之(zhi)(zhi)順敘，賴(lai)人(ren)力(li)之(zhi)(zhi)贊襄，財無虞漏卮（zhī，音(yin)(yin)(yin)只；古代盛酒(jiu)的(de)(de)杯子(zi)。這里指建(jian)筑上的(de)(de)漏洞），工不(bu)(bu)(bu)繁鼛(gao)鼓（鼛(gao)gāo，音(yin)(yin)(yin)高(gao)；古代的(de)(de)一(yi)種大鼓），一(yi)旦為(wei)(wei)所(suo)(suo)欲為(wei)(wei)，得如他郡(jun)規(gui)制，雖不(bu)(bu)(bu)足仰酬圣天子(zi)覃敷至意，暨各(ge)(ge)憲(xian)樂(le)育殷懷，而(er)(er)揆（kuí；掌(zhang)握，管(guan)理）之(zhi)(zhi)郡(jun)人(ren)士(shi)斐然向風之(zhi)(zhi)忱(chen)，庶可藉口(kou)以告厥（其(qi)）成事云爾。用綴端(duan)末于(yu)石，俾（使）后之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)斯(si)土者有(you)考焉。乾隆十(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)月。

主要作品

《創建試院碑(bei)記》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，民國(guo)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)鉛印本(ben)《重修(xiu)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)縣志(zhi)?藝文(wen)志(zhi)選著(zhu)(zhu)》又載顏(yan)希(xi)(xi)深作《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)故里考》一(yi)(yi)文(wen)。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)，字子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)邱，春秋魯(lu)人(ren)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，因向孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)“禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)”而(er)(er)載《論(lun)(lun)語(yu)?八(ba)佾(yi)（yì，古時(shi)樂舞(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行列）》。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)殷代忠(zhong)臣(chen)比干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后裔。殷紂王(wang)(wang)無道(dao)，荒淫(yin)暴虐。比干(gan)秉(bing)忠(zhong)直諫，為(wei)(wei)(wei)此觸(chu)怒紂王(wang)(wang)，被剖心(xin)(xin)(xin)殺害，其(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)堅，逃至泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)“城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)南百(bai)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)里”放(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)（現(xian)屬泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)所(suo)轄縣級市新泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)）北(bei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)避(bi)難，周(zhou)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)克商，賜姓林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)氏(shi)(shi)。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)致力(li)于(yu)(yu)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究。《論(lun)(lun)語(yu)?八(ba)佾(yi)》載：“林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)：大(da)(da)哉問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)！禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，與(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)奢也(ye)，寧儉；喪(sang)，與(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)易(yi)也(ye)，寧戚。”這(zhe)段(duan)話的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思(si)(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)聽到有(you)(you)(you)(you)學生(sheng)提出這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題非(fei)常高(gao)興，就說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“你(ni)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)了一(yi)(yi)個意(yi)義(yi)十(shi)(shi)分(fen)重大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題！就一(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)數來說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)（逢年(nian)過節(jie)等），與(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)過分(fen)耗費（意(yi)思(si)(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，送(song)重禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)容(rong)易(yi)讓人(ren)懷疑另有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)圖），寧可(ke)簡(jian)單節(jie)約（有(you)(you)(you)(you)心(xin)(xin)(xin)就行了，禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品本(ben)身(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)次要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)）；就比較重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喪(sang)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)來說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，與(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)在表面(mian)上講究繁文(wen)縟節(jie)，不(bu)如(ru)(ru)在內心(xin)(xin)(xin)里真誠地沉痛哀悼。”朱熹《論(lun)(lun)語(yu)集注》解釋(shi)這(zhe)段(duan)話時(shi)，認為(wei)(wei)(wei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)“見世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者，專(zhuan)事繁文(wen)，而(er)(er)疑其(qi)(qi)本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)在是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)，故以為(wei)(wei)(wei)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以時(shi)方(fang)逐末而(er)(er)放(fang)(fang)(fang)獨有(you)(you)(you)(you)志(zhi)于(yu)(yu)本(ben)，故大(da)(da)其(qi)(qi)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)”。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)這(zhe)段(duan)話時(shi)，正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)奴隸制(zhi)崩(beng)潰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)代，即使魯(lu)國(guo)也(ye)發生(sheng)了不(bu)尊“周(zhou)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。如(ru)(ru)，根據“周(zhou)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定，天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)才有(you)(you)(you)(you)祭(ji)掃全國(guo)知名大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資格，諸侯(hou)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)在自己(ji)轄區(qu)內祭(ji)掃小丘(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資格，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)季(ji)(ji)孫氏(shi)(shi)卻到泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上去進行祭(ji)掃。面(mian)對魯(lu)國(guo)當(dang)時(shi)這(zhe)種禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)崩(beng)樂壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)政，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)憂心(xin)(xin)(xin)如(ru)(ru)焚。《論(lun)(lun)語(yu)?八(ba)佾(yi)》又載：“季(ji)(ji)氏(shi)(shi)旅于(yu)(yu)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)謂冉(ran)有(you)(you)(you)(you)曰(yue)：女（汝）弗(fu)能(neng)救(jiu)與(yu)(yu)？對曰(yue)：不(bu)能(neng)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)：嗚呼！曾(ceng)謂泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，不(bu)如(ru)(ru)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)乎？”季(ji)(ji)孫氏(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)時(shi)執掌魯(lu)國(guo)朝(chao)政的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)大(da)(da)權門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，（孟孫氏(shi)(shi)、叔孫氏(shi)(shi)、季(ji)(ji)孫氏(shi)(shi)三(san)家世卿，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)魯(lu)桓（huán，音環）公的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)個孫子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)故稱“三(san)桓”，當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魯(lu)國(guo)政權實際掌握在他們手中(zhong)，而(er)(er)“三(san)桓”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些家臣(chen)又在不(bu)同(tong)程度(du)上控制(zhi)著(zhu)(zhu)“三(san)桓”），冉(ran)有(you)(you)(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學生(sheng)，時(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)季(ji)(ji)氏(shi)(shi)宰。這(zhe)段(duan)話的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思(si)(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，季(ji)(ji)氏(shi)(shi)要去祭(ji)祀泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)對時(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)季(ji)(ji)氏(shi)(shi)家總管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學生(sheng)冉(ran)有(you)(you)(you)(you)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“你(ni)不(bu)能(neng)勸阻他不(bu)要前(qian)去，從而(er)(er)挽救(jiu)其(qi)(qi)陷于(yu)(yu)僭(jian)越(yue)（超越(yue)本(ben)分(fen)。僭(jian)jiàn，音見；非(fei)法越(yue)權）之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)嗎(ma)？”冉(ran)有(you)(you)(you)(you)回答說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“不(bu)能(neng)。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)見求助于(yu)(yu)人(ren)已經不(bu)能(neng)挽救(jiu)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)法，嘆(tan)了口氣轉而(er)(er)求助于(yu)(yu)神，說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“唉！我曾(ceng)對泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，（泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)神啊，快阻止那些破壞禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)吧！）難道(dao)你(ni)這(zhe)通(tong)天(tian)神明，還不(bu)如(ru)(ru)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)知道(dao)應(ying)該(gai)怎樣(yang)按照(zhao)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質(zhi)來行事嗎(ma)？”北(bei)宋(song)真宗(zong)(zong)趙(zhao)恒命廷(ting)臣(chen)撰孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贊(zan)(zan)，主(zhu)客(ke)郎(lang)中(zhong)刁衎（kàn，音看）贊(zan)(zan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)曰(yue)：“問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)儒所(suo)宗(zong)(zong)。樂岳（泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)）稱美，長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)（今山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)新泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)市放(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)長(chang)(chang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)）表封(feng)。”南宋(song)高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)也(ye)曾(ceng)贊(zan)(zan)其(qi)(qi)“大(da)(da)哉斯言(yan)，恍照(zhao)明訓”。為(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念這(zhe)位(wei)先賢，其(qi)(qi)故里便名放(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)。顏(yan)希(xi)(xi)深作《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)故里考》認定，在“城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)南百(bai)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)里”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)崇(chong)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)鄉放(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)集（舊名放(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)故里”“可(ke)信”。由于(yu)(yu)顏(yan)希(xi)(xi)深作《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)里考》十(shi)(shi)分(fen)專(zhuan)業，解釋(shi)起來非(fei)常復雜，恕不(bu)照(zhao)錄原文(wen)，只將林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)其(qi)(qi)人(ren)其(qi)(qi)事簡(jian)述(shu)于(yu)(yu)此。

《創建試院碑記(ji)》字里(li)行間反(fan)映出(chu)(chu)顏(yan)希深一意興利(li)除弊、教養斯民的(de)循吏作風(feng)，以(yi)及對(dui)百姓(xing)負責(ze)、對(dui)歷史負責(ze)的(de)治政(zheng)態度；《林放(fang)故(gu)里(li)考》字里(li)行間反(fan)映出(chu)(chu)顏(yan)希深博覽群書、窮究(jiu)經典的(de)文化(hua)修養，以(yi)及躬(gong)行實踐、格物致知的(de)治學方法。顏(yan)希深既(ji)勤(qin)于政(zheng)務處理，又潛(qian)心(xin)學術研究(jiu)，確(que)有古代(dai)士大(da)夫之風(feng)范。